where do scientist obtain primers to be used in pcr and in this technique

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Scientist obtain the primers from the DNA polymerases that preform the synthesis which must have an existing strand of nucleotides already in order to attach new DNA nucleotides. The existing strand of new DNA nucleotides is the primers

Explanation:

In order to happen DNA synthesis of a wanted portion of DNA in laboratory,

Scientist obtain the primers from the DNA polymerases that preform the synthesis which must have an existing strand of nucleotides already in order to attach new DNA nucleotides. The existing strand of new DNA nucleotides is the primer. To that existing strand of nucleotides we call primer. In a lab, scientists produce DNA primers through specific sequences that bind to other sequences of a single-thread DNA molecule and these are the primers commonly used to perform PCR.


Related Questions

How are vascular tissues arranged in dicot stems?

Answers

In the dicot stem, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring, with pith concentrated at the core of the stem, rather than being scattered throughout the plant interior. In each vascular bundle, the xylem and phloem are separated by a substance called vascular cambium.

History has demonstrated that the techniques employed in this laboratory exercise often overestimate an individual's actual resting tidal volume. List some reasons why these laboratory techniques might produce abnormally high values for resting tidal volume.

Answers

Answer:

See below

Explanation:

One possible reason here could be the fact that since the person is being watched while doing this exercise, they might tend to breather deeper than they normally do. Secondly, it may also be because the person is trying to make up for the spit filter and flow meter by breathing harder/sharper than they normally would.

In Drosophila, the genes for body coloration and eye size are on different chromosomes. Normal-colored bodies are dominant to ebony-colored (very dark) bodies, and normal-sized eyes are dominant to eyelessness. Line A is true breeding for normal bodies and normal eyes, whereas line B is true breeding for ebony bodies and eyelessness. From an F 2 cross between lines A and B, 800 flies are scored. How many F 2 flies are expected to have normal body color and to be eyeless

Answers

Answer:

150.

Explanation:

150 flies are expected to have normal body color and to be eyeless in F2 generation. The reason for that population is the ratio of the species produced. The ratio of the species are 9:3:3:1. Ratio 9 refers to first parent while 1 refers to second parent and the middle 3's represent the hybrid formed. So the population of first parent is 450 and population of second parent is 50 while the population of two hybrids are 150 each.

The adaptive structure and function of leaves and stems helps the plant

A create its own energy
B prevent wilting
C produce haploid gametes
D produce diploid gametes

Answers

Answer:

I think, your answer is,. create it's own energy.

By the process of photosynthesis, where stems and leaves do their major function.

Explanation:

Hope it helps you........

Answer:

A.  Create it's own energy

Explanation:

Plants have adaptations that assist in the creation of energy such as: stems support and hold the leaves above the ground for more light, surface of leaves exposed to sunlight.

If one DNA strand is 5'-GGCATTACACTAGGCCT-3', what is the complementary srand?

Answers

Answer:

3' - CCGTAATGTGATCCGGA - 5'

Explanation:

In DNA, the leading strand builds from a 5' to 3' direction and the lagging strand (complementary strand) must build from a 3' to 5' direction.

The base-pairing rules for DNA are:

- adenine always pairs to thymine (A to T) (T to A)

- guanine always pairs to cytosine (G to C) (C to G)

Based on what you learned about the main elements
in living things, which element do you think forms the
main structure
of organic molecules?
A. Oxygen, because it is the element present in
highest amount in living things
B. Carbon, because it readily forms long chains and
rings

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

it is composing about 65% of the human body

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Because it's right.

Two students performed the same experiment, testing how far iodine will diffuse through starchy tissue, such as potatoes. They cut 5 potato squares each, all of equal sizes, and placed them into small cups with iodine solution for 15 minutes. Then they measured how far from the edge of the potato the iodine diffused into the potatoes, in millimeters
Distance Diffused (mm)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5
Student 1 3.25 3.17 3.26 3.64 3.44
Student 2 3.14 3.43 3.22 3.37 3.28
What is the range of student 1's results?
A. 3.35
B. 0.29
C.0.47
D. 3.29

Answers

Answer:

0.19

Explanation:

3.44-3.25 = 0.19

Is B supposted to be 0.29 or 0.19?

The the range of student 1's results is 0.47. The correct option is C.

What is testing?

An experiment is a test in which a system's component is changed to examine how the result is affected.

In order to determine the exact source of the experimental outcomes, tests should ideally involve manipulating as many additional variables as possible.

The process of scientific testing is determining what we would expect to see if a theory were true and contrasting it with what we actually see.

Through testing and experimentation, the scientific method establishes facts in an unbiased manner.

Making an observation, formulating a hypothesis, making a prediction, carrying out an experiment, and then evaluating the findings are the fundamental steps.

The range of student 1’s result is equal to = 3.64 - 3.17 = = 0.47

Thus, the correct option is C.

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Proteins are NOT found in what type of food source?​

Answers

Answer:

all fruit except dried fruits

all vegetables except peas, beans and corn

herbs and spices

A karyotype shows that a child has Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY). If the child is also color-blind (due to a recessive X-linked allele), despite his parents having normal color vision, in which parent and stage of meiosis did nondisjunction occur?

Answers

Answer:

It occurred in the mother and in meiosis II stage

Explanation:

A karyotype shows that a child has Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) which involves a male child having an XXY chromosome in which the XX chromosome codes from the mother.

If the child is also color-blind (due to a recessive X-linked allele), despite his parents having normal color vision then the nondisjunction occurred in meiosis II because sister chromatids separate during meiosis II and the non separation is the reason for the Klinefelter syndrome.

whats 20x20? thank you

Answers

Answer:

400 yayyyyyy

Explanation:

yvhjghkkkkhhh

Answer:400

Explanation:

20

x20

_____

00

+400

--------

400

Which could best be used to explain why bacteria can infect a person very quickly? outer capsule binary fission protective covering genetic recombination

Answers

The reason why bacteria can infect a person very quickly is because of the process of  binary fission.

What is binary fission?

Binary fission is defined as the reproduction process that is found in prokayotes such as the bacteria.

The binary fission involves these steps:

Replication of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid),

Growth of a cell,

Segregation of DNA and

Splitting of cells.

The final stage which is the splitting of cells leads to the formation of many daughter cells of the parent bacteria cell which can eventually led to infection.

Therefore, the reason why bacteria can infect a person very quickly is because of the process of  binary fission.

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Answer:

Which could best be used to explain why bacteria can infect a person very quickly?

x. outer capsule.

√. binary fission is the right one.

x. protective covering.

x. genetic recombination.

Explanation:

I got  100% on the test

⬆️  plus the person above is correct ⬆️

What is one way to classify mud found in an ecosystem? organism population biotic factor abiotic factor

Answers

Answer:

abiotic factor

Explanation:

Mud, while hosting many multicellular and unicellular organisms, simply refers to the combination of water and dirt, neither of which are living.

Answer:

abiotic factor

Explanation:

The pancreas secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon for homeostatic control of ______ levels in the blood. A. Glucose B. Sodium C. Potassium D. Lipids E. Amino Acid

Answers

They help control the A. Glucose levels in the blood

What substance are the bacteria (microorganisms) breaking down in the digestive system of cattle? Describe the digestion of this substance.

Answers

Answer:

The Bacteria or microorganisms are present in the rumen of cattle that aid in the digestion of cellulose and grains in the digestive system of cattle.

The process of digestion of cellulose by bacteria in cattle is anaerobic digestion and includes two steps – the production of the required enzymes and the fermentation.

In the fisrt step of production of enzyme, the microbes or bacteria are found in the first chamber of the stomach. These bacterias or microbes releases several enzymes that helps in splitting the cellulose into smaller carbs such as glucose.

These smaller carbs are the move to thrd chamber of the stomach and fermented. the required nutrients are absorbed. The digested food then finally reached at fourth chamber (acidic part), where the remained food is digested and passes to the small and large intestines.

Approximately how much methane does one cow produce per year? How does the greenhouse gas warming effect of methane compare to carbon dioxide? Describe the organisms that digest and ferment the hay inside of the cow’s stomach? How are scientists reducing the amount of methane released from cows?

Answers

Answer:

Cattle and other ruminants are significant producers of the greenhouse gas methane—contributing 37 percent of the methane emissions resulting from human activity. A single cow on average produces between 70 and 120 kg of methane per year and, worldwide, there are about 1.5 billion cattle.

While carbon dioxide is typically painted as the bad boy of greenhouse gases, methane is roughly 30 times more potent as a heat-trapping gas. ... As temperatures rise, the relative increase of methane emissions will outpace that of carbon dioxide from these sources, the researchers report.

The cow's rumen is like a large fermentation vat. More than 200 different bacteria and 20 types of protozoa help the cow to utilize fibrous feedstuffs and non-protein nitrogen sources. ... Bacteria adhere to the feed and gradually digest the fermentable material.

“You can probably reduce methane by about 20-25% by altering diet,” he says. One study by researchers at the University of California, Davis, estimated it might be possible to reduce global methane emissions from cows by 15% by changing their diet.

Explanation:

Hope it helps.

Art-Labeling Activity: Components of blood.

Answers

Explanation:

Blood is a specialized body fluid. It has four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

How does a catalyst influence a chemical reaction?

Answers

Answer: A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction, without being consumed by the reaction. It increases the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy for a reaction. ... Remember that with a catalyst, the average kinetic energy of the molecules remains the same but the required energy decreases

Explanation:

In both photosynthesis and respiration, _______ synthesis is coupled to the diffusion of protons across a membrane from high to low concentration.

Answers

Answer:

ATP is the answer

Me ayudan es para la noche.
Elabora un cuadro identificando las características homogéneas de los ecosistemas peruanos y ubica en el mapa del Perú cada uno de los ecosistemas.

Answers

Answer:

Los ecosistemas peruanos comprenden montañas, ríos, lagos y selvas tropicales.

Explicación:

Las características de los ecosistemas peruanos son montañas, ríos, lagos y selvas tropicales. La montaña que está presente en el Perú es la cordillera de los Andes. El río llamado río Amazonas también está presente en esta región. El lago Titacaca también está presente en esta área y en el tercer bosque tropical más grande del mundo. Debido a la gran diversidad, cerca de 30 ecosistemas están presentes en el Perú. El ecosistema forestal está presente a gran altura en las montañas, mientras que los ecosistemas de ríos y lagos están presentes en la parte inferior del mapa.

What does DNA provide the code for?
nitrogenous base pairing
protein synthesis
deoxyribose formation
nucleotide synthesis

Answers

Answer:

Protein Synthesis

Explanation:

DNA provide the code for protein synthesis.

This DNA code contains the instructions needed to produce the proteins and molecules essential for our growth, development and health.

Protein synthesis

Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.

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How are the current and resistance related when the voltage of a circuit is constant?
The current doubles when the resistance doubles because they are directly proportional.
The current doubles when the resistance doubles because they are inversely proportional.
The current is cut in half when the resistance doubles because they are directly proportional.
O The current is cut in half when the resistance doubles because they are inversely proportional.

Answers

Answer:

The current is cut in half when the resistance doubles because they are inversely proportional.

Explanation:

Ohm's law states that the electrical current (I) flowing in a circuit is proportional to the voltage (V) and inversely proportional to the resistance (R).

I = V/R

Similarly, increasing the resistance of the circuit will lower the current flow if the voltage is not changed.

HOPE IT HELPS.

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Which of the following particles has a negative charge?

A.
Nucleus

B.
Neutron

C.
Electron

D.
Proton

Answers

Answer:

C. Electron (e-) has a negative charge

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Which type of muscle tissue is both voluntary and striated?

smooth
cardiac
skeletal
heart

Answers

Answer:

skeletal muscle fibres.

Explanation:

skeletal muscle fibres occur in muscles which are attached to the skeleton. They are straited in appearance and under voluntary control.

Hope it helps.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Hope that helps!

How can changes on earths surface affect changes below surface

Answers

Answer:

There are several changes that occur on the earth's surface but also affects the changes below the surface, some of them are as follows:

When rainfall occur on the sandy surface on earth, it looses the soil under the surface and can cause landslides.Imbalance in the food chain above or on the earth surface can affect the nutrient quantity below the surface that is essential for soil bacteria and other microorganisms.Deforestation can also loosen the soil and soil under surface can shift its position.Use of chemicals on agriculture surface can lead to change the fertility of soil below the surface.

Of the three major groups of forensic science professionals, which of the following provide specific knowledge in an area of science, such as botany or anthropology? A. associate scientists B. forensic pathologists C. forensic scientists D. forensic odonatologist

Answers

Answer:

A. associate scientists

hope this answer correct (^^)..

Answer:

answer A

Explanation:

In the body, the homeostasis of which element is related to properties of bone?

Answers

Answer:

Homeostasis of calcium

Explanation:

Bone homeostasis is a complex process by which osteoclasts resorb bone and osteoblasts engage in new bone tissue formation. This sequence has to be controlled and and planned in order to maintain skeletal integrity of bones.

Calcium homeostasis is related to bones physical properties because play a crucial role in skeletal muscle maintenance by acting as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling effector and other different pathways that is responsible for regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and cytoskeletal restructuring .

In the body, the homeostasis of Calcium element is related to properties of bone

What is Bone homeostasis?

Bone homeostasis is defined as the dynamic equilibrium which is maintained by the regulatory functions of the three major bone cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes, as long as the activities of these cells are properly adjusted, therefore the net bone mass is maintained.

Calcium homeostasis is related to the physical properties of bones as it plays an important role in skeletal muscle maintenance by acting as an effector of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and various other pathways that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and cytoskeletal reorganization.

Thus, in the body, the homeostasis of Calcium element is related to properties of bone.

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the fact that for a given species the amount of purnies in hte dna always matches the number of pyrimidines was first determined by

Answers

Answer:

It was given by Chargaff and it is know as chargaff's rule

Complete the following statements to assess the understanding of how drugs increase the effect of a neurotransmitter at a synapse. Not all choices will be used.
Most illicit drugs affect the nervous system by affecting the action of a particular neurotransmitter at _____ in the brain. Drugs that increase the likelihood of neuron excitation are called _____, and those that decrease that likelihood are called _____.
Specific ways that a drug could increase the effect of a neurotransmitter (NT) at a synapse include 1) causing the NT to leak out of a synaptic _____into the synaptic cleft; 2) preventing _____ of the NT presynaptic membrane; and, 3)blocking an _____that normally breaks down the NT.
Word Bank:
acetylcholine
delays
depressants
dopamine
equal
excitement
larger
release
stimulants
synapses
vesicle
reuptake
enzyme

Answers

Its all the above but depression first

Label parts A and B in this picture of saprophytes (fungi)

Answers

Answer: A- Sporangium

              B- Rhizoids

Explanation:

Primatologists Group of answer choices know nothing of primate bones. study only physical aspect of primates. explore the relationships between specific social behaviors and reproductive fitness. study cultural anthropology.

Answers

Answer:

The correct option will be Option B (study only physical aspect of primates).

Explanation:

The significant components of that same endangered as well as surviving primates are analyzed by a primatologist. Also, the primates come to terms with either the molecular and physiological elements. A primer broader knows a great deal about everything from the bones of the primates. We also integrated depth of understanding of both biologizes including primate behavior.

The other choices don't apply to the specified scenario. So option B will be the perfect option for b.

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