The generated value at the end of the file name is typically called a checksum or a hash. It is used to verify the integrity of the file and ensure that it has not been altered during transmission or installation.
If the value seen during installation does not match the value generated at the end of the file name after installation, it usually indicates that an issue occurred during the installation process, such as corruption or modification of the file.
A checksum is a value that is computed from a file or data using an algorithm, and it is used to verify the integrity of the file or data. During installation, the checksum of the file is usually checked to ensure that the file has not been corrupted or modified in any way. If the checksum generated during installation does not match the checksum generated after installation, it indicates that there was an issue during the installation process, and the file may have been corrupted or modified.
To know more about hash visit :-
https://brainly.com/question/13106914
#SPJ11
Peer Name Resolution Protocol (PNRP) is supported on which of the following Windows operating systems? (Choose all that apply.)a. Windows XP SP2b. Windows Vistac. Windows Server 2003d. Windows Server 2008
Peer Name Resolution Protocol (PNRP) is supported on the following Windows operating systems:
a. Windows Vista
b. Windows Server 2003
c. Windows Server 2008
Peer Name Resolution Protocol (PNRP) is a Microsoft technology that enables peer-to-peer networking and name resolution. PNRP allows computers on a network to dynamically discover each other and communicate without the need for a central server or DNS (Domain Name System) server.
PNRP enables peers to register their presence and availability by publishing their network address and a unique name or identifier. Other peers on the network can then search for and resolve the name to obtain the network address of the desired peer.
Learn more about PNRP: https://brainly.com/question/27894163
#SPJ11
Read-in the preference file The first exercise is to read in the movie preference csv file. It returns two things: 1. A dictionary where the key is username and the value is a vector of (-1, 0, 1) that indicates the users preference across movies in the order of the csv file). 2. A list of strings that indicate the order of column names. 3. A data frame that contains the csv file. Hint: 1. In order to get columns you can use df.columns. This will return an index list, you can cast it using list(). 2. You can use df.values.tolist() to transform a dafaframe into a list of lists, where each sub-list contains a row of the original data frame. You can then transform this list into the In [ ]; import pandas as pd def read_in_movie_preference(): file_location = "./data/movie_preference.csv" df = None column_names = [] preference = {} # YOUR CODE HERE raise Not ImplementedError() return [df, column_names, preference] Compute the ranking of most popular movies Your next task is to take the movie preference dataframe and computes the popular ranking of movies from the most popular to the least popular. You should return a list where each element represents the popularity ranking of the movies. The order of the list should reflect the order of the movie names in the dataframe. In the process to compute a movie's popularity, you should treat a user's like of the moive as 1, the user's dislike of the movie as -1, and ignores if a user has not watched the movie. In other word, the most popular movie is the movie with the highest Num_of_likes - Num_of_Dislikes. In [ ]: def movies popularity_ranking(df, movie_names) : movie_popularity_rank [] # YOUR CODE HERE raise NotImplementedError() return movie_popularity_rank Recommendation Last, you will implement a recommendation function. This function will take in a user's name, it will return a string representing the name of the top movie that this user has not watched and has best popularity ranking (i.e., lowest ranking number). If the user name does not exit, this function should return an empty string. If the user has watched all movies, this function should return an empty string. In [ ]: def Recommendation(movie_popularity_ranking, preference, movie_names, name) : recommended_movie # YOUR
The implementation of these functions requires using loops, conditional statements, and data manipulation techniques.
To read in the movie preference csv file, we need to use Pandas library to read the CSV file and convert it into a dictionary where each key is the username and the value is a vector indicating the user's preference across movies. We also need to get the column names and data frame of the CSV file. We can use the read_csv function of the Pandas library to read in the CSV file, then use df.columns.tolist() to get the column names, and df.values.tolist() to convert the data frame into a list of lists. Finally, we can use a loop to create a dictionary of preferences.
To compute the popular ranking of movies, we need to first calculate the popularity score for each movie, which is the sum of likes minus dislikes. We can loop through the preference dictionary and calculate the popularity score for each movie. Then we can sort the popularity scores in descending order to get the popularity ranking of movies.
To make a recommendation for a user, we need to first check if the user exists in the preference dictionary. Then we need to loop through the movie names and find the top movie that the user has not watched and has the best popularity ranking.
Therefore, the implementation of these functions requires using loops, conditional statements, and data manipulation techniques.
Learn more about functions here:
https://brainly.com/question/30721594
#SPJ11
which of the following can be pushed down to a computer and can be changed by the user?
The option that can be pushed down to a computer and can be changed by the user is (a) "Software."
Software refers to computer programs and applications that can be installed on a computer. It can be pushed down to a computer through various means such as downloads, installations, or updates. Software provides functionality to the user and can be changed, customized, or updated based on the user's needs or preferences.
Users have the flexibility to install, uninstall, and configure software according to their requirements. They can also update or upgrade software to access new features or bug fixes. Software can range from operating systems, productivity tools, multimedia applications, games, and more, offering users the ability to interact and personalize their computer experience.
Option a is answer.
"
Complete question
which of the following can be pushed down to a computer and can be changed by the user?
a: Software
b: Hardware
"
You can learn more about Software at
https://brainly.com/question/28224061
#SPJ11
one remedy for the inconsistencies caused by concurrent processing is ________.
One remedy for the inconsistencies caused by concurrent processing is the use of transaction management systems.
Concurrent processing refers to multiple users or processes accessing the same data simultaneously. This can lead to inconsistencies, such as data being overwritten or lost. Transaction management systems help to ensure consistency and data integrity by grouping related actions into transactions. If any part of the transaction fails, the system will roll back all actions and undo any changes made, returning the data to its previous state.
Transaction management systems use the ACID properties to ensure consistency: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single unit of work, and either all actions are completed or none at all. Consistency ensures that the data is in a valid state before and after a transaction. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. Durability ensures that once a transaction is committed, the changes are permanent.
By using transaction management systems, organizations can reduce inconsistencies caused by concurrent processing and ensure that their data is accurate and reliable.
Learn more about Transaction management systems here: https://brainly.com/question/27506004
#SPJ11
when a self-join is created, each copy of the table must be assigned a table alias. T/F?
It is true saying that, when a self-join is created, each copy of the table must be assigned a table alias.
When creating a self-join in a database query, each copy of the table must be assigned a table alias.
This is because in a self-join, the same table is being used twice, and each copy of the table must be referred to separately in the query.
Assigning table aliases helps to avoid ambiguity in the query and ensures that the correct table is being referenced in each part of the query.
For example, if a table called "employees" is being self-joined, it may be assigned the aliases "e1" and "e2" to differentiate between the two copies of the table.
Overall, assigning table aliases is an important part of creating a self-join and helps to ensure that the query produces the desired results.
For more such questions on Table:
https://brainly.com/question/30115014
#SPJ11
if i have 10 processors, what fraction of a program must be parallelizable in order to get a speedup of 5?
Approximately 89% of the program must be parallelizable to achieve a speedup of 5 with 10 processors.
How to find the fraction of a programTo determine the fraction of a program that must be parallelizable to achieve a speedup of 5 with 10 processors, we can use Amdahl's Law.
Amdahl's Law is defined as:
Speedup = 1 / (1 - P + P/N)
where P is the parallelizable fraction of the program, N is the number of processors, and Speedup is the desired speedup factor.
In this case, the desired speedup is 5, and the number of processors is 10.
Plugging these values into the formula: 5 = 1 / (1 - P + P/10).
To solve for P, first multiply both sides by the denominator: 5(1 - P + P/10) = 1.
Next, simplify and solve for P: 5 - 5P + 0.5P = 1, 4 = 4.5P, P ≈ 0.89.
Learn more about processor at
https://brainly.com/question/31786355
#SPJ11
your nic has the following mac address: 00-11-11-82-0f-11. which characters represent the oui?
The OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) in a MAC address is the first three octets, or the first six characters, of the address.
In this case, the OUI of the given MAC address is "001111", represented by the first three octets "00-11-11". The remaining three octets, "82-0f-11", represent the device's unique identifier assigned by the manufacturer. It's important to note that the OUI is assigned to each manufacturer by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) and is used to identify the company responsible for producing the device. Knowing the OUI of a device can be useful in identifying the manufacturer and potentially troubleshooting network issues.
learn more about MAC address here:
https://brainly.com/question/30464521
#SPJ11
one problem with flynn's taxonomy is with the mimd category; there are very few, if any, applications for this type of architecture. true false
False. one problem with flynn's taxonomy is with the mimd category; there are very few, if any, applications for this type of architecture.
What is the taxonomy about?Computer architectures are classified using Flynn's taxonomy, which is based on the number of concurrent instruction and data streams.
Flynn divides architectures into four categories: SISD (Single Instruction, Single Data), SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data), MISD (Multiple Instruction, Single Data), and MIMD (Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data).
Hence it is not true that one problem with flynn's taxonomy is with the mimd category; there are very few, if any, applications for this type of architecture.
Read more on Flynn taxonomy here:https://brainly.in/question/10058531
#SPJ4
Circle the correct answer. 1. (T/F) The OS has direct control of Cache memory. 2. The part of the OS that decides whether to add a new process to the set of processes tha are currently active is: dinio A. long-term scheduler B. I/O scheduler C. short term scheduler Dol D. medium term scheduler nd b old 3. _ involves moving part or all of a process from main memory to A. Swapping B. Relocating C. Running D. Blocking
1. False. The OS does not have direct control of cache memory, as it is managed by the CPU.
2. long-term scheduler is the part of the OS that decides whether to add a new process to the set of processes that are currently active.
3. Swapping involves moving part or all of a process from main memory.
Cache memory is a high-speed memory component that is utilized by the CPU to store frequently accessed data, improving system performance. Unlike other system resources, such as RAM or disk space, cache memory is managed by the CPU rather than the operating system (OS). The CPU uses specific algorithms to manage the cache, such as cache replacement policies, to determine when to replace or update data in the cache. The OS does not directly control the cache, but it can affect cache behavior indirectly by influencing the workload placed on the CPU.
Learn more about Memory: https://brainly.com/question/28232012
#SPJ11
modern database tools support the separation of data from the programs that manipulate data, which provides . a. predictive analytics b. data independence c. cardinality d. data dependence
The correct option b. data dependence. Modern database tools help reduce data dependence. Data dependence refers to the situation where changes to one part of a database affect other parts of the database.
Modern database tools support the separation of data from the programs that manipulate data, which provides data independence. Data independence refers to the ability of a database to change its schema without requiring changes to the programs that use the database. This means that the database schema can be modified without affecting the applications that rely on the data.
By separating the data from the programs that manipulate it, modern database tools enable greater flexibility in database design and maintenance. For example, a database administrator can change the schema of a database to optimize performance or accommodate new data types, without requiring changes to the applications that use the database.In addition to providing data independence, modern database tools also offer a range of other benefits. For instance, they support predictive analytics, which involves using statistical algorithms and machine learning techniques to identify patterns in data and make predictions about future events. Predictive analytics can be used to improve business operations, such as by identifying which products are likely to sell well in the future.Another benefit of modern database tools is that they support cardinality, which refers to the relationship between two sets of data. Cardinality is important in database design because it determines how data is stored and retrieved. For example, a one-to-many relationship between a customer and an order means that one customer can have many orders, but each order belongs to only one customer.know more about the Modern database tools
https://brainly.com/question/30007221
#SPJ11
To prepare for this menu item you will need to set up the following: (this is a separate function or script)• 15 files: 5 – File1.TXT to File5.TXT, 5- File1.DOCX to File5.DOCX, 5-File1.PS1 to File5.PS1Create the files using a loop. Make sure that none of the files have "0" length. (in a remote session 0 length files will not be copied). Place some content in each file.• Place all files in an array
An example of the sample solution in Python based on the code given is written below
What is the script about?Common programming concepts in Java such as the fibonacci sequence, prime numbers, factorial numbers, and palindrome numbers are often brought up. Each of these programs is accompanied by numerous examples and corresponding results.
While running through the loop, the code has the ability to access each individual file and insert data into it. It performs a check to confirm that the content inserted is not of zero length, making sure the files contain some data. In Python, as well as in other programming languages, functions such as "open", "write", "close", and "len" can be utilized to accomplish this task.
Learn more about script from
https://brainly.com/question/26121358
#SPJ1
in the big data and analytics in politics case study, what was the analytic system output or goal?
The analytic system output/goal in the big data and analytics in politics case study was to influence voter behavior.
The goal of the analytic system in the big data and analytics in politics case study was to influence voter behavior through targeted advertising and messaging.
By analyzing vast amounts of data on individuals' behavior, interests, and preferences, political campaigns were able to tailor their messages and advertisements to specific groups of voters.
The analytic system used machine learning algorithms to process and make sense of the large amounts of data collected from various sources such as social media, online searches, and consumer data.
This allowed political campaigns to identify patterns and trends in voter behavior and develop highly targeted advertising strategies to sway undecided voters.
Ultimately, the goal of the analytic system was to help political campaigns win elections by using big data and analytics to gain a deeper understanding of voter behavior and preferences and then leveraging that knowledge to influence voter decisions.
For more such questions on Analytics:
https://brainly.com/question/30323993
#SPJ11
to truncate (remove) everything to the right of the decimal point, use the truncate function.T/F
The given statement "To truncate (remove) everything to the right of the decimal point, use the truncate function" is true because that is precisely the purpose of the truncate function.
The truncate function is a mathematical function that removes all digits to the right of the decimal point of a given number, returning only the integer portion of the number.
This can be useful in a variety of applications, such as when working with financial data, where it may be necessary to round down a value to the nearest whole number.
It should be noted, however, that the truncate function does not round the number; it simply removes the decimal portion, regardless of whether the next digit is greater than or less than 5.
Therefore, if rounding is desired, a different function, such as round or floor, should be used instead.
For more questions like Number click the link below:
https://brainly.com/question/17429689
#SPJ11
a(n) ______ is a set of letters that share a unified design.
The term that describes a set of letters that share a unified design is called a font.
Fonts are essential in design as they can convey a message and influence the overall tone and mood of the text. A font can make or break a design project, as it can either make the text more readable and attractive or create confusion and chaos. A font comprises several elements such as typeface, size, weight, and style, and designers choose these elements based on the intended use and audience of the text. Fonts can be classified into various categories, such as serif, sans-serif, script, display, and decorative, and each has its own unique characteristics and applications. Choosing the right font for a project is a crucial step in the design process, and it requires careful consideration and attention to detail. By selecting the right font, designers can create a visually appealing and effective design that conveys the intended message to the audience.
Know more about font here:
https://brainly.com/question/17853354
#SPJ11
Draw the right half of the decision tree for Insertion Sort on an array of size n = 4. In other words, assume that the first comparison a_1: a_2 always satisfies a_1 > a_2. This problem has to do with stable sorting algorithms. Recall from the class that we claimed that counting sort is a stable sorting algorithm. Prove that counting sort is in fact stable. Is deterministic quicksort (i.e. when we always choose the first element to be the pivot) a stable sorting algorithm? Prove that it is stable or give an example for which it produces an unstable result. This problem has to do with the choice of a pivot in quicksort. Describe the property that the pivot must satisfy in order for quicksort to have its best-case running time. Explain how the order statistics algorithm described in class can be used to generate a good pivot. What is the worst-case running time of this algorithm? What is the expected running time of this algorithm?
Counting sort is stable because it maintains the relative order of elements with equal values, while deterministic quicksort is not stable as the relative order of equal elements can change. The best-case running time of quicksort is achieved when the pivot is the median, which can be approximated using the order statistics algorithm. The worst-case running time of the order statistics algorithm is O(n), while its expected running time is also O(n) with a smaller constant factor.
The textual representation of the right half of the decision tree for Insertion Sort on an array of size n = 4:
Step 1: Compare a[2] with a[3]
If a[2] > a[3]:
Swap a[2] and a[3]
Step 2: Compare a[1] with a[2]
If a[1] > a[2]:
Swap a[1] and a[2]
Step 3: Compare a[3] with a[4]
If a[3] > a[4]:
Swap a[3] and a[4]
Step 4: Compare a[2] with a[3]
If a[2] > a[3]:
Swap a[2] and a[3]
Regarding the stability of counting sort, let's prove that counting sort is indeed a stable sorting algorithm. In counting sort, we create a count array to store the count of each element, then modify the count array to store the actual position of each element in the sorted output. Finally, we build the sorted output using the original array and the count array.
To prove the stability of counting sort, we need to show that elements with equal values appear in the output in the same order as they appear in the input. Consider two elements with equal values, A and B, where A comes before B in the original array. During the counting phase, A and B will both contribute to the count of their value. Since A comes before B, its count will be updated first. When we modify the count array to store the positions, A's position will be set first. Therefore, when we build the sorted output, A will be placed before B.
To know more about Counting sort,
https://brainly.com/question/31976349
#SPJ11
____ is an updated, digital version of x.25 that also relies on packet switching.
Frame Relay is an updated, digital version of X.25 that also relies on packet switching.
Like X.25, Frame Relay is a packet-switching technology used for wide area networks (WANs). However, Frame Relay is a more efficient and faster technology compared to X.25. Frame Relay can support data transfer rates of up to 45 Mbps, while X.25 is limited to 64 Kbps.
Frame Relay works by dividing data into frames and transmitting them over a virtual circuit. These virtual circuits are established between the sending and receiving devices by the network provider, and they allow data to be transmitted quickly and efficiently over the network.
Frame Relay has largely been replaced by newer technologies such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS). However, it was widely used in the 1990s and early 2000s, particularly for connecting branch offices of large organizations to their headquarters.
Learn more about packet switching here:
https://brainly.com/question/31282809
#SPJ11
one way to structure text files is to use a(n) _______.
One way to structure text files is to use a delimiter. A delimiter is a character or a sequence of characters that separates or divides different fields or pieces of data within a text file. Commonly used delimiters include commas, tabs, semicolons, and pipes.
Using a delimiter helps to organize and make sense of the information contained within a text file. It allows data to be easily parsed, extracted, and manipulated using various programming languages and software applications. Additionally, by using a consistent delimiter, it ensures that data can be easily shared and exchanged between different systems and platforms.
For example, if you have a text file containing customer data with fields such as name, address, phone number, and email address, you could use a comma delimiter to separate each field. This would create a structured format that can be easily read and processed by various software applications and programming languages.
Overall, using a delimiter is a simple and effective way to structure text files and ensure that data is organized, consistent, and easy to work with.
Know more about delimiter here;
https://brainly.com/question/23308200
#SPJ11
a computer making a dns query is known as a dns client, or dns ___________.
Answer:
a computer making a dns query is known as a dns client, or DNS request.
A computer making a DNS query is known as a DNS client or a DNS resolver. When you access a website or use an internet-based service, your computer needs to convert the domain name (e.g., www.example.com) into an IP address to establish a connection. The DNS resolver, or client, is responsible for initiating this process.
The DNS client first checks its local cache to see if it has previously stored the IP address for the domain in question. If not, it sends a query to the DNS server, which is typically provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP) or a third-party service. The DNS server searches its records and either provides the IP address or, if it doesn't have the information, forwards the query to another DNS server until the IP address is found.
Once the DNS client receives the IP address, it caches the information for future use and uses the address to establish a connection with the target server. This entire process, known as DNS resolution, is vital for ensuring that internet users can access websites and services quickly and efficiently.
In summary, a DNS client, or DNS resolver, is a key component in the process of converting domain names into IP addresses, which enables computers to establish connections with servers on the internet. The DNS client initiates queries to DNS servers to obtain the necessary information for this process.
Learn more about DNS resolver here:-
https://brainly.com/question/3044569
#SPJ11
the best modern technique for obtaining high resolution bathymetry of the seafloor is ________.
The best modern technique for obtaining high resolution bathymetry of the seafloor is multibeam sonar.
This technology uses a device that emits multiple sonar beams to map the seafloor with high accuracy and detail. By analyzing the echoes of the sound waves that bounce back from the seafloor, multibeam sonar can create a 3D image of the seabed and accurately measure its depth.
Multibeam sonar has become the preferred method for bathymetry mapping due to its high resolution, efficiency, and accuracy. It can cover large areas quickly and provide highly detailed images of the seafloor, which is essential for oceanographic research, navigation, and marine resource management. Multibeam sonar technology has evolved over the years, and now it can collect data in real-time, which is crucial for monitoring seafloor changes and hazards such as earthquakes and landslides.
Moreover, multibeam sonar is widely used in hydrographic surveying, offshore construction, and subsea exploration. It has become a valuable tool for marine scientists, oceanographers, and geologists to study the seafloor morphology, oceanic currents, and sedimentation patterns. Overall, multibeam sonar is a vital technology for understanding the oceans' complexities and unlocking their mysteries.
Know more about multibeam sonar here;
https://brainly.com/question/15276421
#SPJ11
Multibeam sonar is the greatest current technology for getting high resolution bathymetry of the bottom.
How does this work?To scan the bottom with great precision and detail, this method employs a gadget that produces numerous sonar pulses. Multibeam sonar can produce a 3D picture of the seafloor and correctly determine its depth by analyzing the echoes of sound waves that bounce back from the seafloor.
Because of its great resolution, efficiency, and accuracy, multibeam sonar has become the dominant method for bathymetry mapping. It has the ability to cover enormous regions fast while providing very detailed photos of the seabed, which is critical for oceanographic research, navigation, and marine resource management.
Multibeam sonar technology has advanced throughout time, and it can now collect data in real time, which is critical for monitoring seafloor changes and threats like earthquakes and landslides.
Learn more about Multibeam sonar at:
brainly.com/question/15276421
#SPJ4
a web page displayed when a user first visits a site is called a(n) _____.
Answer:
splash screen
Explanation:
A splash screen is also known as a start screen or startup screen.
which of the following is true about methods?group of answer choicesa void method cannot have a return statement.a method can return multiple valuesa method can only return class types.a method in java can be public or private.a method can only return primitive types.
Out of the given options, it is not true that a method can only return primitive types. In Java, a method can return any valid data type including primitive types, object types, arrays, and even void.
Methods can return both primitive types (int, float, boolean, etc.) and class types (String, custom objects, etc.). A void method cannot have a return statement with a value, but it can have a return statement without a value to exit the method early. Lastly, a method can return a single value, but if you need multiple values, you can use arrays or objects to achieve that.
Learn more about primitives here : brainly.com/question/31065038
#SPJ11
write both an iterative and a recursive sort function in assembly code and sort five input values using each of the functions.
An example of both iterative and recursive sorting functions in assembly code using the bubble sort algorithm is given below
What is the assembly code?Bubble sort calculation Compare the primary and moment component of the array. In the event that the primary component is more prominent than the moment, swap them.
Both of these capacities utilize the bubble sort calculation, which is not the foremost effective sorting calculation, but it serves as a straightforward example for demonstration purposes. Note that the get together code given accept x86 engineering and employments Linux framework call traditions. You will have to adjust it for a diverse design or working framework.
Learn more about assembly code from
https://brainly.com/question/13171889
#SPJ4
what is the term used for the number inside the bracket that specifies the number of values that an array can hold?
The term used for the number inside the bracket that specifies the number of values that an array can hold is called the "array size."
It is an important parameter in defining an array as it determines the amount of memory required to store the elements of the array. The array size is typically represented using an integer value enclosed within square brackets, like [10] for an array that can hold ten values. When the array is declared, the size is fixed and cannot be changed during program execution. Therefore, it is essential to choose the correct array size to avoid errors and ensure efficient memory utilization in the program.
learn more about "array size." here:
https://brainly.com/question/13090528
#SPJ11
Frames use 48-bit _________________ addresses to identify the sourceand destination stations within a network.2. Thirty-two-bit _________________ addresses of the source anddestination station are added to the packets in a process calledencapsulation.3. Which Transport layer standard that runs on top of IP networks has noeffective error recovery service and is commonly used for broadcastingmessages over the network?4. A _________________ is considered the first line of defense inprotecting private information and denying access by intruders to asecure system on the internal network.5. What technique serves the dual purpose of hiding the internal IPaddresses of critical systems, as well as allowing multiple hosts on aprivate internal LAN to access the Internet using a single public IPaddress?6. Most common break-ins exploit specific services that are running with_________________ configuration settings and are left unattended.7. What technique can attackers use to identify the kinds of services thatare running on the targeted hosts?8. What type of attack is the most commonly used mode of attack againstan operating system?9. An advanced form of website-based attack where a DNS server iscompromised and the attacker is able to redirect traffic of a popularwebsite to another alternative website, where user login information iscollected, is called _________________.10. A packet sniffer attached to any network card on the LAN can run in a_________________ mode, silently watching all packets and loggingthe data.11. A(n) _________________ attack relies on malformed messagesdirected at a target system, with the intention of flooding the victim withas many packets as possible in a short duration of time.12. An _________________ _________________ attack uses multiplecompromised host systems to participate in attacking a single target ortarget site, all sending IP address spoofed packets to the samedestination system.13. Computer users should ensure that folders are made network sharableonly on a need basis and are _________________ whenever they are notrequired.14. From a security perspective, it is important that not all user accountsare made a member of the _________________ group.15. An account _________________ policy option disables user accountsafter a set number of failed login attempts.
1Frames use 48-bit MAC addresses to identify the source and destination stations within a network.
2Thirty-two-bit IP addresses of the source and destination station are added to the packets in a process called encapsulation.
3The Transport layer standard that runs on top of IP networks and has no effective error recovery service and is commonly used for broadcasting messages over the network is called UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
4A firewall is considered the first line of defense in protecting private information and denying access by intruders to a secure system on the internal network.
5The technique that serves the dual purpose of hiding the internal IP addresses of critical systems as well as allowing multiple hosts on a private internal LAN to access the Internet using a single public IP address is called Network Address Translation (NAT).
6Most common break-ins exploit specific services that are running with default configuration settings and are left unattended.
7Attackers can use port scanning technique to identify the kinds of services that are running on the targeted hosts.
8The most commonly used mode of attack against an operating system is called Buffer Overflow.
9An advanced form of website-based attack where a DNS server is compromised and the attacker is able to redirect traffic of a popular website to another alternative website, where user login information is collected, is called DNS Spoofing.
10A packet sniffer attached to any network card on the LAN can run in a promiscuous mode, silently watching all packets and logging the data.
11 A(n) Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack relies on malformed messages directed at a target system, with the intention of flooding the victim with as many packets as possible in a short duration of time.
12 An Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack uses multiple compromised host systems to participate in attacking a single target or target site, all sending IP address spoofed packets to the same destination system.
13 Computer users should ensure that folders are made network sharable only on a need basis and are unshared whenever they are not required.
14 From a security perspective, it is important that not all user accounts are made a member of the administrator group.
15 An account lockout policy option disables user accounts after a set number of failed login attempts.
Learn more about 48-bit here:
https://brainly.com/question/29351780
#SPJ11
in a function with call-by-reference parameters, any changes to the formal parameters will change the actual arguments passed to the function. group of answer choices true false
True. In a function with call-by-reference parameters, the actual arguments passed to the function are not copied but are referenced by the formal parameters.
Therefore, any changes made to the formal parameters inside the function will affect the actual arguments outside the function.
True. In a function with call-by-reference parameters, any changes to the formal parameters will indeed change the actual arguments passed to the function. This is because call-by-reference shares the memory location of the actual arguments, allowing modifications to be reflected in both the function and the original variables.
Learn more about parameters at: brainly.com/question/30757464
#SPJ11
which of the following statement is true? [a] homomorphic encryption can only do computation based on plaintext. [b] blockchain features a design that requires a centralized entity to authenticate transactions. [c] diffie-hellman provides authentication. [d] proof of work is an essential step in blockchain.
The true statement among the given options is [d] proof of work is an essential step in blockchain. Proof of work is a consensus algorithm used in blockchain technology that requires participants to solve complex mathematical problems to validate transactions and create new blocks.
Statement [a] says that homomorphic encryption can only do computation based on plaintext. However, this statement is false. Homomorphic encryption allows for computation on encrypted data, meaning that it is possible to perform calculations on encrypted data without first decrypting it. This technology has significant applications in cloud computing and secure data sharing.
Know more about the encryption
https://brainly.com/question/28283722
#SPJ11
Write a pseudocode/describe your strategy for a function kthelement(Arr1, Arr2, k) that uses the concepts mentioned in the divide and conquer technique. The function would take two sorted arrays Arr1, Arr2 and position k as input and returns the element at the kth position.
Here's one way you could use the divide and conquer technique to solve this problem:
kotlin
Copy code
function kthelement(Arr1, Arr2, k):
// Divide
mid1 = len(Arr1) / 2
mid2 = len(Arr2) / 2
// Conquer
if len(Arr1) == 0:
return Arr2[k]
elif len(Arr2) == 0:
return Arr1[k]
elif k == 0:
return min(Arr1[0], Arr2[0])
elif mid1 + mid2 < k:
if Arr1[mid1] > Arr2[mid2]:
return kthelement(Arr1, Arr2[mid2+1:], k-mid2-1)
else:
return kthelement(Arr1[mid1+1:], Arr2, k-mid1-1)
else:
if Arr1[mid1] > Arr2[mid2]:
return kthelement(Arr1[:mid1], Arr2, k)
else:
return kthelement(Arr1, Arr2[:mid2], k)
Here's a description of what's going on in the code:
We start by dividing both arrays into two halves, represented by the mid1 and mid2 variables.
Next, we check if either array is empty or if k is 0, and handle those cases separately.
If the sum of mid1 and mid2 is less than k, then we know that the kth element must be in one of the two subarrays that come after the current midpoints. We compare the midpoints of the two arrays to determine which subarray to recurse on. We also adjust k to account for the elements we've eliminated so far (i.e., the first half of the subarray we're not recursing on).
If the sum of mid1 and mid2 is greater than or equal to k, then we know that the kth element must be in one of the two subarrays that come before the current midpoints. We compare the midpoints of the two arrays to determine which subarray to recurse on. We don't need to adjust k in this case, since we're only looking at the first half of one of the subarrays.
We continue to recurse until we find the kth element.
The time complexity of this function is O(log(min(len(Arr1), len(Arr2)))) because we're effectively cutting the size of the problem in half at each recursion.
Learn more about technique here:
https://brainly.com/question/30078437
#SPJ11
what do you click to remove a data series from a chart so that you can focus on another data series
To remove a data series from a chart so that you can focus on another data series, you typically need to click on the legend entry for the series that you want to remove.
The legend is the area of the chart that displays the names of each data series, along with a symbol or color that represents the series on the chart. By clicking on the legend entry for a specific series, you can select that series and then remove it from the chart. Once you have removed the data series from the chart, you should be able to focus more easily on the remaining data series, allowing you to analyze and interpret the data more effectively.
The exact process for removing a data series from a chart may vary slightly depending on the software or application that you are using to create the chart. However, in most cases, you should be able to right-click on the legend entry for the series that you want to remove and then select an option such as "Delete" or "Remove" from the context menu that appears. Alternatively, you may be able to simply click on the legend entry to select it and then press the "Delete" key on your keyboard to remove the series.
To know more about data series,
https://brainly.com/question/29761471
#SPJ11
what stem in the dataset has the most words that are shortened to it? assign most stem to that stem.
In data analysis, it is essential to understand the distribution of words in a dataset. One aspect of this is identifying stems that have the most words that are shortened to them. This information can provide valuable insights into the language usage patterns in the dataset.
To determine the stem that has the most words shortened to it, we can perform a stem analysis on the dataset. A stem analysis involves identifying the root or stem of each word in the dataset and counting the number of words that are shortened to that stem. The stem with the highest count will be assigned as the stem with the most words that are shortened to it.
In conclusion, by performing a stem analysis on the dataset, we can identify the stem with the most words that are shortened to it. This information can provide useful insights into the language usage patterns in the dataset and may be useful in various applications such as text prediction, natural language processing, and more.
To learn more about data analysis, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28840430
#SPJ11
what command can employees enter before copying the graphics files to ensure the primary group is graphicsall for all files in the graphicsall directory?
The command employees should enter before copying the graphics files is `chgrp -R graphicsall /path/to/graphicsall_directory`.
The chgrp command is used to change the group ownership of files and directories in a Linux system. The -R flag ensures that the command is applied recursively to all files and subdirectories within the specified directory. In this case, the primary group "graphicsall" is set for all files in the "graphicsall" directory.
1. Open the terminal in your Linux system.
2. Type the command: `chgrp -R graphicsall /path/to/graphicsall_directory`.
3. Press Enter to execute the command.
By using the chgrp -R graphicsall /path/to/graphicsall_directory command, employees can ensure that the primary group for all files in the "graphicsall" directory is set to "graphicsall" before copying them.
To know more about Linux system visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28443923
#SPJ11