Two Company Comparison
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Fiscal Year-End -20xx
Fiscal Year - 20xx
Company A Company B
ASSETS Current assets: Cash $162055 $87148
Accounts Receivable $69541 $157472
Inventory $98118 $128024
Prepaid insurance $124346 $57301
Prepaid rent $158319 $132855
Other $72587 $170352
Total Current Assets Non-Current Assets Land $109144 $181575
Equipment $152782 $115712
Notes receivable $188302 $77961
Total Assets Liabilities Current Liabilities Accounts payable $185309 $56139
Accrued payroll and benefits $183788 $72118
Other $72587 $170352
Total Current Liabilities Non-Current Liabilities Long Term debt $84770 $156446
Other Long Term debt $145647 $174676
Total Non-Current Liabilities Shareholders Equity Common Shares Total Shareholders Equity Liabilities & Sharehoders`Equity Find the Debt Ratio for Company B.

The notion of liquidity in finance is defined by an asset price response to traded quantities. More specifically, a liquid asset price exhibits minor changes as a result of major traded quantities, whereas an illiquid asset price exhibits major changes to minor-moderate trade quantities.

In relation to estimating the elasticity of demand for a particular publicly traded asset A denoted by qi = α0 + α1pi + ui where pi = In Pi, Pi is the actual price, and qe = In Q? with Q denoting the quantity of shares demanded by investors, and that each i = 1,..., N represents a quantity-price pair (qi, pi):

(3.1) The reduced form system in terms of pi and qi can be derived by setting a = qi and solving the demand and supply equations for pair (qi,pi) explicitly as functions of all other parameters included in the two equations (α0, α1, β0, β1, ui, vi).

(3.2) In relation to the explicit expressions obtained in (3.1) for pi and qi, the terms var(pi), var(qi) and cov(pi, qi) are given by: var(pi) = (α1 + β1)2var(qi) + σu2, var(qi) = σv2 and cov(pi, qi) = (α1 + β1)σuσv.

(3.3) The ordinary least squares estimator resulting from the regression of qi on pi is biased for both structural parameters a, and B. This is because the estimator does not take into account the effects of the other factors that influence the demand and supply equations,

Such as investors wealth, personal valuation, underlying company's performance, sales, access to financing, union status, etc. Thus, it is not possible to accurately estimate the structural parameters a, and B, solely by the use of the ordinary least squares estimator.

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1. External capital is often preferred over income from operations because it provides a larger pool of funds that can be used for growth and expansion. Income from operations is typically used to cover day-to-day expenses and may not be sufficient to fund larger investments or growth opportunities.

External capital, such as loans or investments from shareholders, can provide the necessary funds to take advantage of growth opportunities and can also help to mitigate risk by diversifying funding sources.

2. Cost of capital is the cost associated with obtaining funding for a company. It includes the cost of debt, such as interest on loans, and the cost of equity, such as dividends paid to shareholders. The cost of capital serves as a measure of the risk associated with a particular investment or project.

Companies use the cost of capital to determine the feasibility of a project and to decide which projects to pursue. By understanding the cost of capital, companies can make informed decisions about where to allocate resources and how to maximize returns on investment.

3. The cost of capital is an important factor in business decision making because it helps companies to determine the potential profitability of a project or investment. A project with a higher cost of capital will require a higher return on investment in order to be profitable.

Companies must consider the cost of capital when deciding which projects to pursue in order to maximize returns and minimize risk. The cost of capital also plays a role in determining the value of a company and can impact the company's ability to attract investors and secure funding.

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Simple interest is frequently a fixed proportion of the outstanding sum financed or lent or given away over a defined time period. When present value builds up and is then added to the accumulated interest from earlier periods, borrowers are forced to pay duty on principal in addition to principal.

On the principal, or original loan amount, of a loan, simple interest is calculated. Since compound interest is computed using that both original and the interest paid from previous periods, it is regularly alluded to as "credit on interest".

What separates compound interest from simple interest? Simple interest just takes into account the principal for computing interest charges, but compound interest considers both the outstanding amount and all prior interest charged.

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Jargon has always been an open-end fund and will remain an open-end fund. (C)

Jargon Rapid Growth is a mutual fund that has traditionally accepted funds from new investors and issued new shares at net asset value, which is a characteristic of an open-end fund.

Even though Jargon has decided to no longer accept funds from new investors, it will continue to accept additional investments from current shareholders, which means that it will remain an open-end fund.

A closed-end fund, on the other hand, issues a fixed number of shares and does not accept additional investments from new or current investors. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

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(a) The Suez Canal incident had a significant impact on global businesses and supply chains. One of the main impacts was the disruption of global trade, as the canal is a major artery for global shipping.

This led to delays in the delivery of goods and raw materials, which affected businesses and consumers around the world. Additionally, the incident caused a spike in shipping costs, as companies had to find alternative routes or wait for the canal to be cleared.

This increase in costs was passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices for goods. Another impact was the disruption of supply chains, as many businesses rely on the Suez Canal for the transport of goods and raw materials. This led to shortages of certain products and difficulties in meeting demand.

(b) To mitigate the risks of incidents like the Suez Canal, businesses can consider a variety of freight options and strategies. One option is to diversify their supply chains and use multiple routes for shipping goods.

This can help reduce the impact of disruptions on one route. Another strategy is to maintain a buffer stock of goods and raw materials, which can help mitigate the impact of delays in shipping. Businesses can also consider using alternative modes of transportation, such as air freight, to avoid disruptions in shipping.

Additionally, businesses can invest in supply chain visibility and tracking technologies, which can help them better anticipate and respond to disruptions. Examples of companies that have successfully implemented these strategies include Amazon, which maintains a large buffer stock of goods, and Maersk, which uses multiple routes and modes of transportation for shipping goods.

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The internal audit functions in Malaysian public sector organisations and Malaysian private sector organisations are similar in many respects. However, there are some distinct differences between the two.

In Malaysian public sector organisations, internal audit functions are usually mandated by the government and its regulations. The main focus of internal auditing in the public sector is to ensure that the resources and public funds are used efficiently and in compliance with the applicable laws and regulations. Internal auditors are also required to monitor the effectiveness of management and operational procedures, and to report their findings to the government and other stakeholders.

In Malaysian private sector organisations, internal audit functions are mainly focused on ensuring that the operations and procedures within the organisation are effective and adhere to the policies and procedures laid down by the organisation. Private sector organisations may also have additional requirements related to corporate governance, risk management and other areas. Internal auditors are responsible for evaluating these areas and reporting their findings to the senior management.

Examples of the differences between the internal audit functions in public and private sector organisations include: in public sector organisations, the internal audit function may be mandated by government regulations, while in private sector organisations, the internal audit function may be based on the company's own policies and procedures; in public sector organisations, the focus of internal audit is usually on ensuring that resources and public funds are used efficiently.

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To create an arbitrage in the first scenario, buy the call option with a $70 strike price for $5.50 and sell it with a $75 strike price for $5. To create an arbitrage in the second scenario, sell the call option with a $70 strike price for $9 and buy it with a $60 strike price for $16.

To create an arbitrage in the first scenario, you could buy the call option with a $70 strike price for $5.50 and sell the call option with a $75 strike price for $5. This would create a net cash inflow of $0.50. If the stock price fell to $60 at expiration, both options would expire worthless and your arbitrage cash flow would be $0.50.

If the stock price rose to $70, the $70 call option would be worth $0 and the $75 call option would still be worth $0, so your arbitrage cash flow would be $0.50. If the stock price rose to $80, the $70 call option would be worth $10 and the $75 call option would be worth $5, so your arbitrage cash flow would be $0.50 + $10 - $5 = $5.50.

To create an arbitrage in the second scenario, you could sell the call option with a $70 strike price for $9 and buy the call option with a $60 strike price for $16. This would create a net cash inflow of $7. If the stock price fell to $60 at expiration, both options would expire worthless and your arbitrage cash flow would be $7.

If the stock price rose to $70, the $70 call option would be worth $0 and the $60 call option would be worth $10, so your arbitrage cash flow would be $7 + $10 - $16 = $1. If the stock price rose to $80, the $70 call option would be worth $10 and the $60 call option would be worth $20, so your arbitrage cash flow would be $7 + $20 - $16 = $11.

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The new depreciation expense for Year 2 and Year 3 is $21,000 each. The expense for Year 2 and Year 3 is $16,000 each.

The revaluation model of IAS 16 allows for an asset to be revalued at fair value at the end of each reporting period. This means that the carrying amount of the asset is adjusted to reflect its current fair value.

Using the Proportional Method:
1. Calculate the new carrying amount of the asset at the end of Year 1.
Carrying amount at end of Year 1 = Fair value at end of Year 1 - Accumulated depreciation
= $84,000 - ($100,000 / 5) * 1
= $84,000 - $20,000
= $64,000

2. Calculate the new depreciation expense for Year 2 and Year 3.
New depreciation expense = (New carrying amount - Residual value) / Remaining useful life
= ($64,000 - $0) / 4
= $16,000

Therefore, the new depreciation expense for Year 2 and Year 3 is $16,000 each.

Using the Elimination Method:
1. Calculate the new carrying amount of the asset at the end of Year 1.
Carrying amount at end of Year 1 = Fair value at end of Year 1
= $84,000

2. Calculate the new depreciation expense for Year 2 and Year 3.
New depreciation expense = (New carrying amount - Residual value) / Remaining useful life
= ($84,000 - $0) / 4
= $21,000

Therefore, the new depreciation expense for Year 2 and Year 3 is $21,000 each.

In conclusion, using the Proportional Method, the new depreciation expense for Year 2 and Year 3 is $16,000 each. Using the Elimination Method, the new depreciation expense for Year 2 and Year 3 is $21,000 each.

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The correct answer for the stock's annual volatility is 25.18%.

The stock's annual volatility can be found by calculating the standard deviation of the stock's potential price outcomes.

This can be done using the formula:

σ = √(∑(x - µ)^2 * P(x))

Where σ is the standard deviation, x is the potential price outcome, µ is the expected value, and P(x) is the probability of the potential price outcome.

First, we need to calculate the expected value (µ) of the stock's price:

µ = (41 * 0.16) + (57 * 0.26) + (75 * 0.37) + (90 * 0.21) = 66.45

Next, we can plug in the values into the formula and calculate the standard deviation:

σ = √((41 - 66.45)^2 * 0.16) + ((57 - 66.45)^2 * 0.26) + ((75 - 66.45)^2 * 0.37) + ((90 - 66.45)^2 * 0.21)) = 16.23

Finally, we can calculate the annual volatility by dividing the standard deviation by the current price and multiplying by 100:

Annual volatility = (16.23 / 65) * 100 = 24.97%

Therefore, the stock's annual volatility is 24.97%, which is closest to the correct answer of 25.18%.

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A federal form of government is one that South Africa might find advantageous.

This arrangement gives the regions more autonomy by dividing power between a central government and regional governments. As regional governments could address the particular requirements of their communities, this could aid in addressing the problem of inequality in the nation.Additionally, by providing for more diverse political representation and accommodating a wider variety of political beliefs, a federal system may help to maintain political stability. By encouraging regional competition and more local decision-making, it may also encourage economic development. The current political system and constitution would need to be significantly changed in order to adopt a federal system, and those who profit from the current centralised government are likely to be strongly opposed.Ultimately, any system of government should prioritize the needs and well-being of all citizens, regardless of their background or social status. It is important to carefully consider the potential benefits and drawbacks of any proposed system of government and to engage in open and transparent dialogue with all stakeholders to ensure that the voices of all citizens are heard and respected.

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A learning organization is one that encourages and promotes learning and development at all levels. To move towards becoming a learning organization, managers should consider implementing a model such as the 4-E Learning Model.

This model is composed of four elements: Enabling, Experimenting, Exploring, and Extending.

Enabling refers to creating a supportive environment for learning and development, by providing resources and opportunities to learn.

Experimenting involves taking risks and challenging assumptions, while

Exploring means uncovering new knowledge and ideas to apply to existing processes.

Extending is the final element and is focused on applying the knowledge acquired from learning and experimentation to continuously improve employee performance.

By implementing this 4-E Learning Model, managers can move towards creating a learning organization which will ultimately lead to improved employee performance.

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During December, Draper Consulting received cash and land from the owner, provided training and consulting services to clients for cash and credit, purchased a computer and a building, borrowed money from the bank, paid salaries and bills, and had a personal withdrawal by the owner.

Draper Consulting's transactions for the month of December are as follows:

Dec 1: Received $108,000 ($18,000 cash and $90,000 land) from the owner, Carl Draper.

Dec 3: Provided training services to a client for $18,000 and received $12,000 (2/3 amount) in cash immediately.

Dec 5: Paid last month's salary to employee for $50,000.

Dec 10: Purchased a Dell computer for $18,000, which is expected to remain in service for five years.

Dec 15: Launched a new branch in Melbourne.

Dec 15: Borrowed $60,000 from ADT Bank for future investment plans.

Dec 17: Purchased supplies on credit for $900.

Dec 19: Performed consulting services for a client on credit for $1,500.

Dec 20: The secretary loaned $20,000 from Carl.

Dec 22: Acquired a new building for the business office for $100,000, paying half in cash and half with the bank loan.

Dec 30: Carl withdrew $200 cash from the business for his personal petrol.

Dec 30: Paid the full amount of $900 to the credit supplier from the transaction on Dec 17.

Dec 31: Received the remaining $6,000 ($18,000 - $12,000 received on Dec 3) from the client for the training services provided.

Dec 31: Received the electricity bill of $800 for December, which the accountant promised to pay on the first day of the next month.

Dec 31: Performed consulting services for a client and received $1,100 in cash.

Overall, the business received cash and a land from the owner, provided services to clients for cash and credit, purchased a computer and a building, borrowed money from the bank, paid salaries and bills, and had a personal withdrawal by the owner.

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acquisition costs paid by the lessee to obtain a lease of real property are added to the lessee's basis and are depreciated over the life of the lease. The correct answer is b. Be added to the lessee's basis.

Acquisition costs paid by the lessee to obtain a lease of real property are added to the lessee's basis. This means that these costs are capitalized and are not deducted immediately. Instead, they are added to the cost of the asset (the lease) and are depreciated over the life of the lease. This allows the lessee to spread the cost of the acquisition over the life of the lease, rather than taking a large deduction in the year the acquisition costs were paid.
It is important to note that acquisition costs do not include rent payments, which are deductible as an expense in the year they are paid. Acquisition costs include things like legal fees, commissions, and other costs associated with obtaining the lease.
In summary, acquisition costs paid by the lessee to obtain a lease of real property are added to the lessee's basis and are depreciated over the life of the lease.

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An analysis of the internal environment of Nissin Company in Hong Kong reveals that one of its core competencies is brand management. This means that Nissin has the ability to effectively create, develop a strong brand image and reputation in the market.

Through strategic marketing and advertising efforts, Nissin has been able to establish itself as a leading producer of instant noodles in Hong Kong. Overall, brand management is a key component of Nissin's internal environment and has played a crucial role in the company's success.

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The yield to maturity (YTM) is the discount rate at which a bond's promised payments equal its current market price.

It is a measure of the bond's return on investment and is used by investors to compare the profitability of different bonds. The YTM takes into account the bond's current market price, its face value, the coupon rate, and the time until maturity. By calculating the YTM, investors can determine the bond's true yield and make informed investment decisions. It is important to note that the YTM is an estimate and may not accurately reflect the bond's actual return, especially if the bond is called or sold before it reaches maturity.

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California municipal bonds are issued by the state or local governments in California to raise funds for public projects, such as building schools, highways, or sewer systems.

The process of issuing and circulating these bonds is as follows:

1. The state or local government decides to issue municipal bonds to fund a specific project. They will typically hire a financial advisor to help them with the process.

2. The government will then work with an underwriter, usually a bank or financial institution, to structure the bond offering and set the terms, such as the interest rate and maturity date.

3. Once the terms are set, the underwriter will market the bonds to potential investors. This may include institutional investors, such as pension funds and insurance companies, as well as individual investors.

4. Investors will then purchase the bonds, providing the government with the funds needed for the project.

5. The government will use the funds to complete the project, and will make periodic interest payments to the bondholders until the bonds mature.

6. Once the bonds reach their maturity date, the government will pay back the principal amount to the bondholders, and the bonds will be retired.

Overall, California municipal bonds are issued and circulated through a process that involves the state or local government, a financial advisor, an underwriter, and investors. The funds raised from the sale of these bonds are used to finance public projects, and the government will make periodic interest payments to the bondholders until the bonds mature.

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Elementary and secondary schools managed foodservice is important because it provides healthy meals to students who may not have access to them otherwise. It generate approximately $23 billion in revenue each year. It approximately 30 million students each day.

Elementary and secondary schools managed foodservice is important to this industry/facility because it provides healthy meals to students who may not have access to them otherwise. This not only supports the health and well-being of students, but also helps to create a positive learning environment by reducing hunger and improving focus.

School foodservice programs also have a significant economic impact on the industry. According to the School Nutrition Association, school foodservice programs generate approximately $23 billion in revenue each year. This money is used to purchase food and supplies, pay employees, and support other school programs.

In terms of the number of people served, school foodservice programs provide meals to approximately 30 million students each day. This includes breakfast, lunch, and after-school snacks. These meals are crucial for the health and development of students, and play an important role in supporting the overall mission of the education system.

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To find out how much John received from the bank, we need to calculate the discount amount and subtract it from the face value of the note.

Here are the steps to do so:
1. Calculate the discount amount:
Discount amount = Face value x Discount rate x Time
= $6,000 x 18.57% x (90/360)
= $6,000 x 0.1857 x 0.25
= $277.65
2. Subtract the discount amount from the face value:
Amount received = Face value - Discount amount
= $6,000 - $277.65
= $5,722.35
Therefore, John received $5,722.35 from the bank.

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Agility as a key capability at Harley Davidson ensures their entrepreneurial responsiveness to external change by allowing them to quickly adapt to changing market conditions and customer demands.

By being agile, Harley Davidson is able to make quick decisions and pivot their strategy as needed in response to external changes.

For example, if there is a sudden shift in consumer preferences, Harley Davidson can quickly adapt their product line to meet these new demands. Additionally, if there are changes in the competitive landscape, such as new entrants or changes in competitor strategies, Harley-Davidson can quickly adjust their own strategy to remain competitive.

Overall, agility is a key capability at Harley Davidson because it allows them to stay ahead of external changes and maintain their competitive advantage. By being able to quickly adapt to changing conditions, Harley Davidson can continue to meet customer demands and stay ahead of the competition.

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There are several key steps you should take when preparing and composing a business proposal to present before three senior managers of a company are research the company, organize your ideas, be concise and to the point, use visuals and proofread and edit.

1. Research the company: Before you begin writing your proposal, it's important to have a thorough understanding of the company and its needs. This will help you tailor your proposal to better meet the company's goals and objectives.

2. Organize your ideas: Make an outline of your proposal and organize your ideas logically. This will help you stay on track and ensure that your proposal is clear and easy to understand.

3. Be concise and to the point: Keep your proposal brief and focused. Avoid including extraneous details that may distract from your main message.

4. Use visuals: Consider including charts, graphs, or other visuals to help illustrate your points and make your proposal more engaging.

5. Proofread and edit: Make sure your proposal is free of errors and typos. This will help ensure that your proposal is professional and polished.

By following these steps, you can create a well-prepared and effective business proposal that will impress the senior managers and help you achieve your business goals.

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At the first phase, orientation, you will gather all the information needed to make a decision.

This includes researching the type of car that would best fit your lifestyle and budget, researching different dealerships and pricing information, and any other information that will help you to decide which car to buy.

At the second phase, exploration, you will narrow down your choices. You will compare different cars and different dealerships to see which one best meets your needs and budget. You will also research additional information like financing options and warranties.

At the third phase, selection, you will make a decision. This is the step where you choose the car and the dealership to buy it from.

At the fourth phase, implementation, you will complete the purchase. This includes completing the paperwork, making payments, and taking possession of the car.

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Organizations are deliberately designed and coordinated in order to achieve specific goals and objectives. This organizational reality can have a significant influence on diversity in organizations in a number of ways.

First, the design and coordination of an organization can influence the diversity of its workforce. For example, if an organization is designed in such a way that it values and promotes diversity, then it is more likely to attract and retain a diverse workforce.

This can be achieved through the implementation of diversity policies, training programs, and other initiatives that promote diversity and inclusion.

Additionally, the coordination of an organization can also influence the diversity of its workforce by creating an environment that is supportive of diversity and encourages collaboration and teamwork among employees with different backgrounds and perspectives.

Second, the design and coordination of an organization can also influence the diversity of its products and services.

For example, if an organization is designed to be customer-centric and values the input of its customers, then it is more likely to create products and services that meet the diverse needs and preferences of its customers.

This can be achieved through the implementation of market research and customer feedback programs, as well as the inclusion of diverse perspectives in the product development process.

Overall, the design and coordination of an organization can have a significant influence on diversity in organizations.

By promoting diversity and inclusion in the workforce, as well as in the products and services that an organization offers, organizations can create a more inclusive and diverse environment that benefits both employees and customers.

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Based on computations, the firm should start 33 weeks ahead.

(a)

Critical path method

Forward pass

Backward pass

Slack = LF - EF

Activity a m b te-(a+4m+8)/6 σ=(b-a)/6 par = σ2 ES EF LS LF Slack\n0 2.17 10.13 12.30 10.13\n0 3.50 11.88 15.38 1.88\n0 11.83 0.

Note that the critical path is constituted by the activities with zero slack. So, the critical path is C-H-M-O and the expected duration (LF of 'O') is 32.05 weeks.

So, the firm should start 33 weeks ahead.

Calculations

A B C DE\nar = σ\nEF\n=L3.J3\nし4-14\n33.54\n10 12 13\n=(C4+4*D4+E4)/6\n=(CS+4*D5+E5)/6\n=(E4-C4)/6-4^2\n=(E5-C5)/6 -G5^2\nO\nO\n-L7-J7\n5\n9

(b)

The probability of finishing the campaign in 32.05 weeks is 50% always as this is the mean of the distribution.

For 33 weeks, the probability can be computed as:

=NORMDIST(33, 32.05, σcrit, 1)

If we add up the variances of C, H, M, and O, it will be close to 1.0. So, take σcrit = sqrt(1) = 1

So, Pr(completion <= 33 weeks) = NORMDIST(33, 32.05, 1, 1) = 82.9%

(c)

Nothing, because these are not critical activities.

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a. The need for internal audit in public listed companies is determined by several organizational factors, including the size and complexity of the company, the nature of its business. b. The internal audit arrangements at ABC Berhad are inadequate and ineffective for several reasons.

(a) Larger and more complex companies typically require more extensive internal audit functions to ensure that all aspects of the business are operating effectively and efficiently. Companies in highly regulated industries, such as financial services or healthcare, also require robust internal audit functions to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

Additionally, companies with higher levels of risk, such as those operating in volatile markets or with complex supply chains, require more rigorous internal audit functions to ensure that risks are properly managed.

(b) The internal audit arrangements at ABC Berhad are inadequate and ineffective for several reasons. First, the company lacks a clear understanding of the role and purpose of internal audit, as evidenced by Barney's narrow focus on financial controls and George's view that the internal audit department is an unnecessary burden.

This lack of understanding undermines the effectiveness of the internal audit function and prevents it from providing meaningful oversight of the company's operations. Second, the company lacks proper oversight of its internal audit function, as evidenced by the fact that it has been operating without an internal auditor for a year and that the audit committee is not actively engaged in overseeing the internal audit function.

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The annual interest rate of Khalid's investment is 8.4%.

The annual interest rate of Khalid's investment can be found using the formula for compound interest: A = P(1 + r)n[tex]x^{2}[/tex], where A is the final amount, P is the principal, r is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of years.

In this case, A = $21,000, P = $10,000, and n = 2017 - 2008 = 9. We can plug these values into the formula and solve for r:

$21,000 = $10,000(1 + r)9[tex]x^{2}[/tex]

2.1 = (1 + r)9[tex]x^{2}[/tex]

Take the 9th root of both sides:

1.084 = 1 + r

Subtract 1 from both sides:

r = 0.084

Multiply by 100 to convert to a percentage:

r = 8.4%

Therefore, the annual interest rate of Khalid's investment is 8.4%.

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True.Competitive advantage also acompanies distinctive capabilities or excellence in broader business processes.

 Competitive advantage is an advantage that a company has over its competitors, such as cost structure, product offering, distribution network, or customer support.

Distinctive capabilities are the unique abilities or resources that a company possesses that set it apart from its competitors. These capabilities may include superior technology, skilled employees, or efficient manufacturing processes. By tailoring a product to suit an individual customer's needs, a company can create a competitive advantage by offering a unique and personalized product or service. This can help the company differentiate itself from its competitors and gain a competitive edge in the marketplace.Thus the statement is true.

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The present value of the given cash flow stream is $28626.

The present value of a cash flow stream can be calculated by discounting each cash flow by the discount rate for the time period in which it occurs. The formula for calculating the present value of a cash flow at time t is:
PV = CFt / (1 + r)^t

Where PV is the present value, CFt is the cash flow at time t, r is the discount rate, and t is the time period.
Using this formula, we can calculate the present value of each cash flow in the given cash flow stream:
PV0 = $7000 / (1 + 0.05)^0 = $7000
PV1 = $1700 / (1 + 0.05)^1 = $1619
PV2 = $6500 / (1 + 0.05)^2 = $5894
PV3 = $6800 / (1 + 0.05)^3 = $5886
PV4 = $10000 / (1 + 0.05)^4 = $8227
The present value of the cash flow stream is the sum of the present values of each cash flow:
PV = PV0 + PV1 + PV2 + PV3 + PV4
PV = $7000 + $1619 + $5894 + $5886 + $8227
PV = $28626
As a result, the stated cash flow stream's current value is $28626.

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The expected result of the government's price ceiling of 2.50 SAR is a soda shortage.  The correct answer is option d.

it will lead to Soda shortage because the price ceiling of 2.50 SAR is lower than the equilibrium price of 300 SAR. A price ceiling set below the equilibrium price creates an artificial shortage in the market because the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied at that price.

This leads to a soda shortage as demand for the soda is greater than the supply available.

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Answer: Planning is the function of management that involves setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving those objectives. (write this in your own words)

Explanation:

The difference between "forecasting assumptions" and "forecasting parameter choices" lies in the level of control and certainty that we have over these two aspects of the forecasting model.

Forecasting assumptions are beliefs or ideas that we have about the future that cannot be proven or disproven until the future actually happens. These assumptions are typically based on past experiences, current trends, and expert opinions, and are used to make predictions about what will happen in the future. For example, a company might assume that demand for its products will increase in the future based on past sales trends and current market conditions. On the other hand, forecasting parameter choices are decisions that we make about how to set up and run the forecasting model.

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