Solution :
For the reaction :
[tex]$\text{TrisH}^+ + H_2O \rightarrow \text{Trish}^- + H_3O^+$[/tex]
we have
[tex]$Ka = \frac{[\text{Tris}^- \times H_3O]}{\text{Tris}^+}$[/tex]
[tex]$=\frac{x^2}{0.02 -x}$[/tex]
[tex]$=8.32 \times 10^{-9}$[/tex]
Clearing [tex]$x$[/tex], we have [tex]$x = 1.29 \times 10^{-5} \text{ moles of acid}$[/tex]
So to reach [tex]$\text{pH} = 7.8 (\text{pOH}= 14-7.8=6.2)$[/tex], one must have the [tex]$\text{OH}^-$[/tex] concentration of the :
[tex]$\text{[OH}^-]=10^{-pOH} = 6.31 \times 10^{-7} \text{ moles of base}$[/tex]
So we can add enough of 1 M NaOH in order to neutralize the acid that is calculated above and also adding the calculated base.
[tex]$\text {n NaOH}=1.29 \times 10^{-5}+6.31 \times 10^{-7}$[/tex]
[tex]$= 1.35 \times 10^{-5} \text{ moles}$[/tex]
Volume NaOH [tex]$= 1.35 \times 10^{-5} \text{ moles} \times \frac{1000 \text{ mL}}{1 \text{ mol}} = 0.0135 \text{ mL}$[/tex]
Tris mass [tex]$H^+ = 0.02 \text{ mol} \times 157.6 \text{ g/mol}=3.152 \text{ g}$[/tex]
Now to prepare the said solution we must mix:
[tex]$3.152 \text{ g Tris H} + 0.0135 \text{ mL NaOH} \ 1 M$[/tex] gauge to 1000 mL with water.
Landon is investigating the coastal area near where he lives. He has found that one end of the coastal area without barrier islands is losing beach area, but the other end that is bordered with barrier islands has a beach area that has remained the same size. Why is the size of the beach decreasing on the end without barrier islands?
Answer:
Explanation:
Barrier Islands act just as the name states, they are barriers that protect the beaches. They exist to absorb the majority of the external energies that waves, hurricanes, storms, etc. Without it, the beaches begin to become absorbed by the ocean, due to the destructive energy these factors apply, as well as eroding away all rocks into the ocean. This is mainly why the beach with a barrier island is completely protected while the one without a barrier island is decreasing in size.
Island barriers grow near the continent protecting the coasts from erosive factors. The beach with no islands decreases in size because there are no physical limitations that protect the continent from erosion.
------------------------
Barrier islands are deposition of material -sand or any other substrate- that lay on a rocky surface. They get formed near the continent, parallel to the coasts. They play a significant role in avoiding the erosion process.
These islands receive the direct impact of storms, winds, and waves action. Their shape is very dynamic, being constantly modeled by these erosive factors.
These barriers protect the continent from winds, waves, tides, streams, storms, hurricanes, and any other meteorological event that might cause erosion and destruction.
They absorb the energy produced by erosive factors. They also provide a protected area behind them that allows the formation of estuaries and swamps.
A wide diversity of species inhabit these islands, becoming significant spots to protect their biodiversity.
The beach is decreasing on the end without the barrier islands because there is no physical limitations that can protect the continent from the action of waves, tides, and winds, among others. The coasts get eroded, and the beach gets smaller.
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Practically: Add 1.66 ml of my 0.3M lemonade to a 15 ml microcentrifuge tube. Add 3.33 ml of your diluent (water, in this case) to bring your volume up to 5 ml. Mix your solution either by vortexing or by pipetting up and down with your pipetteman. Let's make sure you got this concept by answering a question below. I have made 15 ml of 200 mM CaCl2 stock and need to make 40 ml of 50mM for my experiment. How much of my concentrated stock solution (in milliliters) and how much water do I need to mix to make the 40 ml of 50mM CaCl2
Answer:
We would need 10 mL of the concentrated CaCl₂ stock solution, and 30 mL of water.
Explanation:
To solve the question asked we can use the C₁V₁=C₂V₂ equation, where:
C₁ = 200 mMV₁ = ?C₂ = 50 mMV₂ = 40 mLWe solve for V₁:
V₁ = 10 mLWe would need 10 mL of the concentrated CaCl₂ stock solution, and (40-10) 30 mL of water.
2. How do chemical weathering and deposition contribute to the formation of the features shown here?
answer asap
Answer:
Explanation:
Chemical weathering of rocks and minerals is a key factor that mitigates acidic deposition and affects water chemistry. It supplies cations and alkalinity to the surface water, groundwater, ion-exchange complex, and vegetation in the watershed.
Hopefully this will help
HELP! URGENT Which of the following best states the relationship between erosion and deposition?
A.
When the energy transporting sediments diminishes, the sediments settle in a low-lying area; therefore, deposition always follows erosion.
B.
When the energy transporting sediments diminishes, the sediments settle in a low-lying area; therefore, erosion always follows deposition.
C.
When rock is broken down into sediments, the sediments are eventually transported to another location; therefore, deposition is a form of erosion.
D.
When rock is broken down into sediments, the sediments are eventually transported to another location; therefore, erosion is a form of deposition.
Determine the point group change, if any, when GeCl4 is transformed into GeCl3F by a substitution process.
Answer:
The removal of one chlorine atom and addition of one fluorine atom.
Explanation:
When GeCl4 is transformed into GeCl3F by a substitution process, the main change that is occur in GeCl4 is the removal of one chlorine atom and addition of one fluorine atom. This process is known as substitution process in which two molecules exchange their atoms with each other when they comes in physically contact with each other.
For the question, "How does music affect plant growth?", what is the dependent
variable?
Plant growth
Type of music
Volume of music
Type of plant
Answer:
A - Plant Growth
Explanation:
Because that's variable being changed in the experiment
If AB = 5 inches and AD = 8, find BD. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
Answer:
6.5
Explanation:
half of 5 is 2.5, half of 8 is 4. 2.5+4=6.5
:)
2-Methyl-2-pentanol can be made starting from two different ketone electrophiles using two different Grignard reagents: one from a lower molecular mass Grignard reagent and one from a higher molecular mass Grignard reagent. Provide the retrosynthetic analysis for both routes using bromine as the halogen.
Answer:
Explanation:
In this case, we can do this by thinking a little.
Both ways use a grignard reagent, the difference between both ways is that one use an electrophile ketone with a low molecular mass, and the other has a high molecular mass.
The grignard reagent is commonly used to reduce carbonyle groups to alcohols. In the first step, a complex with the reagent is formed in the carbonile, and in the second step, the oxygen atom is hidrated in acid or basic medium and form the respective alcohol.
For the first way, we will use a high molecular mass ketone. In this case the 2-pentanone reacting with CH₃MgBr as a grignard reagent.
For the second way, we will use a low molecular mass ketone, in this case Acetone, reacting with CH₃CH₂CH₂MgBr. Both of them, will give the same product of 2 methyl-2-pentanol. See picture below for that
Hope this helps
Where would you find the asthenosphere?
A. layer
B. upper mantle
C. Moho Discontinuity
Answer:
b. upper mantle
Explanation:
low velocity zone of the upper mantle
A chemical equation is balanced when the number of each
type of ____ is the same on both sides of the equation.
Answer:
element
Explanation:
Which of the following variables has the least effect on the rate a substance dissolved in a container of water?
A. The force of the stirring
B. The size of the container
C. The temperature of the water
D. The surface area of the substance
How does the average reaction rate differ from an instantaneous reaction rate?
a) The average reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds at a specific time. An instantaneous reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds over time.
b) The average reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds over time considering the reactants. An instantaneous reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds at a specific time considering the products.
c) The average reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds over time. An instantaneous reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds at a specific time.
d) The average reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds over time. An instantaneous reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds compared to another reaction.
Answer:
The average reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds at a specific time. An instantaneous reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds over time.
Explanation:
HELPPPPP PLEASE!!!
What heats the mantle?
A.radiation in the crust heats the mantle through convection
B.convection in the crust heats the mantle through conduction
C.radiation in the core heats the mantle through conduction
D.convection in the core heats the mantle through conduction
A resonance structure will be insignificant if it has carbon atoms with opposite charges (C- and C ). Azulene represents an exception to this rule, because some resonance structures (with C- and C ) exhibit aromatic stabilization. Draw a resonance structure of azulene with formal charges that best explains the aromatic stabilization. Include lone pairs in your answer.
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
Resonance is a way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by a single Lewis formula. A molecule or ion with such delocalized electrons is represented by several resonance structures(Chemlibretexts).
Azulene, an isomer of naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon whose structure has been shown in the image attached to this answer. Usually, charge separation decreases the stability of a resonance structure.
As a result of this charge separation in azulene, Naphthalene is more stable than azulene.
Can you guys please help me, this is due tonight and it counts for marks! I will really appreciate it if you guys can answer one of the thermometer question! (This is urgent)
Answer:
1.) 34 degrees
2.) 2 degrees
3)-4 degrees
Explanation:
Answer:
1. 34°C
2. 32°F
3. -4°C
Hope this helps!
Consider the titration of a 20.0-mL sample of 0.105 M HC2H3O2 with 0.125 M NaOH. Determine each quantity. a. the initial pH b. the volume of added base required to reach the equivalence point c. the pH at 5.0 mL of added base d. the pH at one-half of the equivalence point e. the pH at the equivalence point f. the pH after adding 5.0 mL of base beyond the equivalence point
Answer:
Explanation:
Given that:
Concentration of [tex]HC_2H_3O_2 \ (M_1)[/tex] = 0.105 M
Volume of [tex]HC_2H_3O_2 \ (V_1)[/tex] = 20.0 mL
Concentration of [tex]NaOH (M_2)[/tex] = 0.125 M
The chemical reaction can be expressed as:
[tex]HC_2H_3O_2_{(aq)} + NaOH _{(aq)} \to NaC_2H_3O_2_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)}[/tex]
Using the ICE Table to determine the equilibrium concentrations.
[tex]HC_2 H_3 O_2 _{(aq)} + H_2O _{(l) } \to C_2 H_3O_2^- _{(aq)} + H_3O^+_{ (aq)}[/tex]
I 0.105 0 0
C -x +x +x
E 0.105 - x x x
[tex]K_a = \dfrac{[C_2H_5O^-_2][H_3O^+]}{[HC_2H_3O_2]}[/tex]
[tex]K_a = \dfrac{(x)(x)}{(0.105-x)}[/tex]
Recall that the ka for [tex]HC_2H_3O_2= 1.8 \times 10^{-5}[/tex]
Then;
[tex]1.8 \times 10^{-5} = \dfrac{(x)(x)}{(0.105 -x)}[/tex]
[tex]1.8 \times 10^{-5} = \dfrac{x^2}{(0.105 -x)}[/tex]
By solving the above mathematical expression;
x = 0.00137 M
[tex]H_3O^+ = x = 0.00137 \ M \\ \\ pH = - log [H_3O^+] \\ \\ pH = - log ( 0.00137 )[/tex]
pH = 2.86
Hence, the initial pH = 2.86
b) To determine the volume of the added base needed to reach the equivalence point by using the formula:
[tex]M_1 V_1 = M_2 V_2[/tex]
[tex]V_2= \dfrac{M_1V_1}{M_2}[/tex]
[tex]V_2= \dfrac{0.105 \ M \times 20.0 \ mL }{0.125 \ M}[/tex]
[tex]V_2 = 16.8 mL[/tex]
Thus, the volume of the added base needed to reach the equivalence point = 16.8 mL
c) when pH of 5.0 mL of the base is added.
The Initial moles of [tex]HC_2H_3O_2 =[/tex] molarity × volume
[tex]= 0.105 \ M \times 20.0 \times 10^{-3} \ L[/tex]
[tex]= 2.1 \times 10^{-3}[/tex]
number of moles of 5.0 NaOH = molarity × volume
number of moles of 5.0 NaOH = [tex]0.625 \times 10^{-3}[/tex]
After reacting with 5.0 mL NaOH, the number of moles is as follows:
[tex]HC_2 H_3 O_2 _{(aq)} + NaOH _{(aq)} \to NaC_2H_3O_2_{(aq)} + H_2O{ (l)}[/tex]
Initial moles [tex]2.1*10^{-3}[/tex] [tex]0.625 * 10^{-3}[/tex] 0 0
F(moles) [tex](2.1*10^{-3} - 0.625 \times 10^{-3})[/tex] 0 [tex]0.625 \times 10^{-3}[/tex] [tex]0.625 \times 10^{-3}[/tex]
The pH of the solution is then calculated as follows:
[tex]pH = pKa + log \dfrac{[base]} {[acid]}[/tex]
Recall that:
pKa for [tex]HC_2H_3O_2=4.74[/tex]
Then; we replace the concentration with the number of moles since the volume of acid and base are equal
∴
[tex]pH = 4.74 + log \dfrac{0.625 \times 10^{-3}}{1.475 \times 10^{-3}}[/tex]
pH = 4.37
Thus, the pH of the solution after the addition of 5.0 mL of NaOH = 4.37
d)
We need to understand that the pH at 1/2 of the equivalence point is equal to the concentration of the base and the acid.
Therefore;
pH = pKa = 4.74
e) pH at the equivalence point.
Here, the pH of the solution is the result of the reaction in the [tex](C_2H_3O^-_2)[/tex] with [tex]H_2O[/tex]
The total volume(V) of the solution = V(acid) + V(of the base added to reach equivalence point)
The total volume(V) of the solution = 20.0 mL + 16.8 mL
The total volume(V) of the solution = 36.8 mL
Concentration of [tex](C_2H_3O^-_2)[/tex] = moles/volume
= [tex]\dfrac{2.1 \times 10^{-3} \ moles}{0.0368 \ L}[/tex]
= 0.0571 M
Now, using the ICE table to determine the concentration of [tex]H_3O^+[/tex];
[tex]C_2H_5O^-_2 _{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)} \to HC_2H_3O_2_{(aq)} + OH^-_{(aq)}[/tex]
I 0.0571 0 0
C -x +x +x
E 0.0571 - x x x
Recall that the Ka for [tex]HC_2H_3O_2[/tex] = [tex]1.8 \times 10^{-5}[/tex]
[tex]K_b = \dfrac{K_w}{K_a} = \dfrac{1.0\times 10^{-14}}{1.8 \times 10^{-5} } \\ \\ K_b = 5.6 \times 10^{-10}[/tex]
[tex]k_b = \dfrac{[ HC_2H_3O_2] [OH^-]}{[C_2H_3O^-_2]}[/tex]
[tex]5.6 \times 10^{-10} = \dfrac{x *x }{0.0571 -x}[/tex]
[tex]x = [OH^-] = 5.6 \times 10^{-6} \ M[/tex]
[tex][H_3O^+] = \dfrac{1.0 \times 10^{-14} }{5.6 \times 10^{-6} }[/tex]
[tex][H_3O^+] =1.77 \times 10^{-9}[/tex]
[tex]pH =-log [H_3O^+] \\ \\ pH =-log (1.77 \times 10^{-9}) \\ \\ \mathbf{pH = 8.75 }[/tex]
Hence, the pH of the solution at equivalence point = 8.75
f) The pH after 5.09 mL base is added beyond (E) point.
[tex]HC_2 H_3 O_2 _{(aq)} + NaOH _{(aq)} \to NaC_2H_3O_2_{(aq)} + H_2O{ (l)}[/tex]
Before 0.0021 0.002725 0
After 0 0.000625 0.0021
[tex][OH^-] = \dfrac{0.000625 \ moles}{(0.02 + 0.0218 ) \ L}[/tex]
[tex][OH^-] = \dfrac{0.000625 \ moles}{0.0418 \ L}[/tex]
[tex][OH^-] = 0.0149 \ M[/tex]
From above; we can determine the concentration of [tex]H_3O^+[/tex] by using the following method:
[tex][H_3O^+] = \dfrac{1.0 \times 10^{-14} }{0.0149}[/tex]
[tex][H_3O^+] = 6.7 \times 10^{-13}[/tex]
[tex]pH = - log [H_3O^+][/tex]
[tex]pH = -log (6.7 \times 10^{-13} )[/tex]
pH = 12.17
Finally, the pH of the solution after adding 5.0 mL of NaOH beyond (E) point = 12.17
How many molecules of ammonia are contained in 10.4 moles of ammonia, NH3?
Write everything that you know about atoms and how they relate to matter.
_______ is the measure of how much water vapor is in the air
Answer:
Humidity is the measure of how much water vapor is in the air.
Choose all true statements about the water molecule: Choose all true statements about the water molecule: Bonding between the oxygen and hydrogen within the molecule happens due to hydrogen bonding. Water is a permanent electric dipole, having permanent charge separation. Water is not naturally polarized, and gets polarized only due to external electric forces.
Answer: Water is a permanent electric dipole, having permanent charge separation.
Explanation:
Hydrogen bonding is an intermolecular force having partial ionic-covalent character.
In [tex]H_2O[/tex], O is a highly electronegative atom attached to a H atom through a covalent bond. The oxygen atoms being more electronegative gets partial negative charge and H atom gets partial positive charge. Thus water is permanent electric dipole.
Hydrogen bonding takes place between a hydrogen atom (attached with an electronegative atom O) and an electronegative atom (O).
The true statement about water molecules are Bonding between the oxygen and hydrogen within the molecule happens due to hydrogen bonding and water is a permanent electric dipole, having permanent charge separation.
What are hydrogen bonds?Hydrogen bonds is a kind of attraction force which is present between the more electronegative atom and hydrogen atom.
In water molecule, 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom is present and between the more electronegative oxygen atom and hydrogen atom, hydrogen bond is present.And due to electronegative nature of oxygen atom, they withdraw all the electron density of the bond towards itself as a result of which it possesses permanent electric dipole. Because partial negative charge is present on oxygen atom and partial positive charge is present on the hydrogen atom.Hence options (1) and (2) are correct.
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In order to be in a position to manipulate any operation, one has to know all the fine details of the system and where and how one might apply subtle changes to affect the outcome. When looking at chemical reactions, it is from the study of its kinetics that one gleams the insight necessary to be able to do this. The main use of chemical kinetics is to measure the speed of a chemical reaction. But more importantly, in measuring the speed of a reaction, one gains insight as to what part of the reaction imparts this speed (or lack thereof) and thus allows one to propose a specific mechanism that details the critical pathway for the reaction. Measuring the speed of a chemical reaction is very similar to measuring speed in general, except that instead of talking in terms of distance traveled per unit time we are measuring either reactants consumed per unit time or products produced per unit time. There are many factors that affect the speed of a chemical reaction, some of the more common ones being:
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
Chemical kinetics, the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding how fast or how slow chemical reactions occur (Encyclopedia Britannica).
The study of the kinetics of a chemical reaction is helpful in many ways. Most important is the fact that it allows one to propose a specific mechanism that details the critical pathway for the reaction.
The factors that affect the rate of chemical reaction includes; concentration of reactants, temperature, nature of reactants , the solvent used, the presence of a catalyst, presence of light, surface area of reactants and pressure for gaseous reactants.
What is the molar mass of C3N4? (Do NOT round this number.)
Answer:
92.06 g/mol
Explanation:
radio activity7: How is Radiation Used in Medical Treatment?
Answer:
X-rays, to check for broken bones in the body.
gamma rays kill cancerous cells
How do scientist prevent biases from affecting their data?
A. Scientist base their data off their personal feelings and options.
B. Scientist will ask their family members for their own options.
C. Scientist will ask the option of other scientists.
D. Scientist ignore their own personal feelings and interpret data objectively.
Answer:
Answer should be D. Scientists ignore their own person feelings and interpret data objectively.
Maleic anhydride reacts with ethylene glycol to produce an alkyd resin. Draw thestructure of the condensation polymer produced.
Answer:
The reaction gives, a linear unsaturated polyester.
Explanation:
Condensation reaction -
It refers to the type of reaction, where two reactants combine to give a single product, by the removal of any small molecule like, water, ammonia etc.
From the question,
Maleic anhydride reacts with ethylene glycol to give a linear unsaturated polyesters.
[tex]-CH_2CH_2OOCH=CHCOO-n[/tex]
The formula of the polyester is attached.
Which of the following is a type of kinetic energy.
A. A television playing.
B. Magnets stuck to each other.
C. A car parked at the top of a hill.
D. A rolling ball.
Answer:
a rolling ball
Explanation:
kinetic energy is movement energy
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Answer:
Thank you for the free points!!
Explanation:
Using the equation below, how many liters of water can be made from 7.6 L of oxygen gas at STP?
Answer:
V = 15.2 L
Explanation:
STP means that T = 273 K and P = 1 atm.
We use the PV=nRT equation to convert the given liters of oxygen to moles:
1 atm * 7.6 L = n * 0.082 atm·L·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ * 273 Kn = 0.340 molNow we convert O₂ moles to H₂O moles, using the stoichiometric coefficients of the equation:
0.340 mol O₂ * [tex]\frac{2molH_2O}{1molO_2}[/tex] = 0.68 mol H₂OFinally we use the PV=nRT equation once again to convert 0.68 moles of H₂O to liters:
1 atm * V = 0.68 * 0.082 atm·L·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ * 273 KV = 15.2 Las earth cooled and formed a planet, LESS dense elements and compounds separated and formed layers around a DENSE core. Is this true or false?
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The core of the earth is very dense so that leads me to beleive that the answer is true.
What is the relationship between an object’s height above the ground and its gravitational potential energy?
Answer:
Explanation:
The formula for gravitational potential energy is the mass*gravity*height. Therefore, the greater the distance from the ground, the higher the gravitational potential energy.
Answer: The amount of gravitational potential energy an object has depends on mass of the object and height of the object above ground. Objects that are at large height above the ground have more potential energy. Similarly, objects that are at small height above the ground have less potential energy.