Yes, there is an arbitrage opportunity in this situation. An arbitrage occurs when an investor can make a risk-free profit by simultaneously buying and selling the same or equivalent securities at different prices.
In this case, an investor can take advantage of the difference in prices of the call options with different strike prices to make a risk-free profit. Here's how:
1. Buy the call option with strike price $40 for $13.
2. Sell the call option with strike price $50 for $8.
3. Sell the call option with strike price $60 for $2.
The total cost of these transactions is $13 - $8 - $2 = $3. Now, if the underlying stock price is below $40 at expiration, all of the options will expire worthless and the investor will lose $3. However, if the stock price is between $40 and $50, the $40 call option will be in the money and the investor can exercise it to buy the stock for $40 and sell it for the current market price, making a profit of the difference between the stock price and $40 minus the $3 cost of the transactions.
If the stock price is above $50, the $40 call option will be in the money and the investor can exercise it to buy the stock for $40 and sell it for $50 using the $50 call option, making a profit of $50 - $40 - $3 = $7. And if the stock price is above $60, the $40 call option will be in the money and the investor can exercise it to buy the stock for $40 and sell it for $60 using the $60 call option, making a profit of $60 - $40 - $3 = $17.
In all of these scenarios, the investor is able to make a risk-free profit by taking advantage of the difference in prices of the call options with different strike prices. Therefore, there is an arbitrage opportunity in this situation.
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What are some of the organisational mechanisms that might be
considered when developing risk control plans? List seven.
Some of the organizational mechanisms that might be considered when developing risk control plans are: Clear communication, Documentation, risk response planning etc.
Some of the organizational mechanisms that might be considered when developing risk control plans are:
Clear communication: Ensuring that everyone involved in the project is aware of the potential risks and their roles in mitigating them.Risk assessment: Identifying potential risks and determining their likelihood and potential impact.Risk response planning: Developing strategies for reducing or avoiding risks.Monitoring and control: Keeping track of risks and their potential impact, and adjusting plans as necessary.Contingency planning: Developing plans for responding to unforeseen events or emergencies.Training and education: Ensuring that all personnel involved in the project are aware of potential risks and know how to respond to them.Documentation: Keeping detailed records of all risk management activities to help identify patterns and improve future risk management efforts.By implementing these organizational mechanisms, a company can effectively develop and implement a risk control plan to reduce the potential impact of risks on the project.
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: Having just won a crossword puzzle contest, you may take your prize in any of three cash flow patterns. If money is worth 20% per year to you, which pattern would you most prefer? Which pattern would you least prefer? Pattern A B С $200 0 0 2 $200 0 0 YEARS 3 $200 $1,000 $400 4 $200 0 $400 5 $200 0 $400 How much money must be invested each year in a sinking fund earning 7% per annum in order to have $30,000 accumulated after 15 years?
The amount of money that must be invested in a sinking invest fund is $1,226.35 each year.
If money is worth 20% per year to you, the most preferred cash flow pattern would be Pattern C because it provides the highest amount of money in the shortest amount of time. Pattern C provides $400 each year for three years, for a total of $1,200.
This is more than Pattern A, which provides $200 each year for five years, for a total of $1,000, and Pattern B, which provides a one-time payment of $1,000.
The least preferred cash flow pattern would be Pattern A because it provides the lowest amount of money over the longest amount of time.
To determine how much money must be invested each year in a sinking fund earning 7% per annum in order to have $30,000 accumulated after 15 years, we can use the formula:
A = P * ( (1 + r) ^ n - 1) / r
Where A is the accumulated amount, P is the annual payment, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years.
Rearranging the formula to solve for P, we get:
P = A * r / ((1 + r) ^ n - 1)
Plugging in the given values, we get:
P = 30,000 * 0.07 / ((1 + 0.07) ^ 15 - 1)
P = 1,226.35
Therefore, you must invest $1,226.35 each year in a sinking fund earning 7% per annum in order to have $30,000 accumulated after 15 years.
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Hook Industries's capital structure consists solely of debt and common equity. It can issue debt at rd = 10%, and its common stock currently pays a $3.75 dividend per share (D0 = $3.75). The stock's price is currently $29.25, its dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 9% per year, its tax rate is 35%, and its WACC is 13.75%. What percentage of the company's capital structure consists of debt? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
The percentage of the company's capital structure that consists of debt is 115.8%.
To calculate the percentage of the company's capital structure that consists of debt, we can use the formula for the weighted average cost of capital (WACC):
WACC = (wd)(rd)(1-T) + (we)(re), where wd is the weight of debt, rd is the cost of debt, T is the tax rate, we is the weight of equity, and re is the cost of equity.
We are given that rd = 10%, T = 35%, and WACC = 13.75%. We also know that the company's capital structure consists solely of debt and common equity, so wd + we = 1.
We can calculate the cost of equity (re) using the dividend discount model: re = D0/P0 + g, where D0 is the current dividend, P0 is the current stock price, and g is the expected growth rate. We are given that D0 = $3.75, P0 = $29.25, and g = 9%. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
re = ($3.75/$29.25) + 0.09 = 0.1282
Now we can plug all of the known values into the WACC formula and solve for wd:
13.75% = (wd)(10%)(1-35%) + (1-wd)(12.82%)
13.75% = 6.5%wd + 12.82% - 12.82%wd
7.32% = 6.32%wd
wd = 1.158
Therefore, the percentage of the company's capital structure that consists of debt is 115.8%.
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Kellogg’s ($K) Our team’s previous memorandum on return on capital and cost of capital analysis for Kellogg’s and General Mills pointed to a significant challenge that Kellogg’s has, its significant debt problem. Kellogg’s acknowledges this in their most recent 10-K filing as well. The 2021 consolidated balance sheet shows current debts of $712M and noncurrent debt of $6.26B for a total debt of $6.97B. The company’s balance sheet shows total company equity of $3.72B. This results in a debt-to-equity ratio of 1.87. We expect that the debt-heavy financing mix was chosen due to Kellogg’s cost of equity being substantially higher than their cost of debt. While the company does cite several potential risks associated with its high debt ratio, including limiting its ability to pay dividends, the debt is currently being managed in a manner that doesn’t substantially impact today’s cash flows Kellogg’s has a long history of consistently paying dividends and growing its dividend distribution year over year. Since becoming a publicly-traded company Kellogg’s has paid dividends every year, with the dividend distribution growing or staying at the previous year’s level, each year. In 2021 Kellogg’s paid total dividends of $2.31 per share across four quarterly distributions, this is up from a total of $2.28 per share in dividends in 2020. 2021 dividend distribution cost a total of $788M up from $782M in 2020. Over the past two years, Kellogg’s has allocated significant resources to repurchase outstanding shares. In 2021 Kellogg’s has a treasury stock balance of 79.21M shares at a total cost of $4.71B, this was an increase from the 2020 balance of 77.07M shares at a total cost of $4.56B. In their 10K filing Kellogg’s notes that treasury stock shares are generally used to satisfy stock-based awards for employees. General Mills ($GIS) As discussed in the previous memo, General Mills currently has a debt-to-equity ratio of .56. The company’s 2021 Form 10-K filing shows the current portion of long-term debt as $2,463.8M and long-term debt of $9,786.9M. Long-term debt decreased from a high of $10,929.0M in 2020. The company’s total stockholders’ equity was $9,470.4M in 2021 compared to $8,058.5M in 2020. These values show that General Mills has decreased its debt-to-equity ratio over the past year. The company does not give a reason for this in its Form 10-K, but it may be to increase its flexibility as it pursues its stated accelerated growth strategy in the face of the ongoing pandemic. Concerning the company’s dividend strategy, General Mills proudly boasts that it and its predecessors have continuously paid dividends for the past 120 years without interruption. Dividends have steadily increased since 2013 when dividends per share were $1.55. 2021 saw dividends of $2.02 per share for total dividend payments of $1,246.4M. This was an increase from the previous two years in which dividends per share were $1.96. The company could have paid out more in dividends in 2021 as we have estimated General Mills’ FCFE as $2,608.7M. This indicates that the company had excess earnings that have not been put to use and could be returned to shareholders. The company has made significant efforts to repurchase outstanding shares and boost its treasury holdings. General Mills states that it uses the treasury balance for employee stock compensation plans. The company repurchased $301.4M in stocks for the fiscal year 2021. This was a drastic increase from the years 2020 and 2019 which saw stock repurchases of $3.4M and $1.1M, respectively. General Mills appears to be shifting more focus to returning shareholder wealth through share buybacks. Again, the company still had excess free cash flows that could have been used to return even more wealth. While General Mills had excess FCFE for 2021, the company has been using its capital wisely. As discussed in the last memo, The company’s ROIC was much higher than its WACC, indicating that General Mills has a history of selecting good projects and will likely continue to do so. As such, we feel the shareholders have faith in the management team and will continue to allow the company to operate under its current dividend policy. Similar to General Mills, Kellogg’s continued dividend growth and a policy of repurchasing shares of stock, are indications that investors’ interests are being accounted for by the company’s management. However, investors should be cautious as the capital structure of Kellogg’s, specifically, their debt load could be problematic in the future if it is not carefully monitored and controlled.
Both Kellogg's and General Mills have strong dividend policies and a history of repurchasing shares to return wealth to shareholders.
However, Kellogg's has a significant debt problem, with a debt-to-equity ratio of 1.87, which could potentially limit its ability to pay dividends in the future. On the other hand, General Mills has a lower debt-to-equity ratio of 0.56 and has decreased its debt-to-equity ratio over the past year, indicating a stronger financial position. Both companies use treasury stock shares to satisfy stock-based awards for employees. General Mills appears to be shifting more focus to returning shareholder wealth through share buybacks, while Kellogg's continues to grow its dividend distribution. Investors should be cautious about Kellogg's debt load, but both companies seem to be accounting for investors' interests in their dividend policies and share repurchases.
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Consider a bond issued by the Lee Corporation. The bond matures on March 15, 2041, and pays a 5 percent annual coupon, paid semi-annually. Interest accrues following the 30/360 interest accrual convention. Please assume that the par value of the bond is $100. Lee Corporation has an investment-grade credit rating of A. Today (the "settlement date") is 3/8/2021.
A. Suppose that a reasonable risk-free benchmark interest rate for that bond’s cash flows would be 4 percent per year. What would the (clean) price of this bond be if this bond were priced at this risk-free benchmark rate?
B. Suppose that the clean price of the bond is 95. What is the yield of this bond?
C. What is the implied spread to the risk-free benchmark described above?
D. What is the accrued interest and dirty price of this bond right now?
E. What is the Macaulay Duration of the bond?
F. What is the Modified Duration of the bond?
G. Use this Modified Duration to calculate an approximate measure of the bond’s percent price change if the benchmark yield were to rise 0.5% with no change in spreads.
A. The clean price of the bond at the risk-free benchmark rate is $104.46
B. The yield of the bond is 5.26%.
C. The implied spread to the risk-free benchmark is 1.26%
D. The accrued interest of this bond is $0.32 and the dirty price is $95.32
E. The Macaulay Duration of the bond is 18.32
F. The Modified Duration of the bond is 17.48
G. The approximate measure of the bond's percent price change if the benchmark yield were to rise 0.5% with no change in spreads is -8.74%.
A. The clean price of the bond at the risk-free benchmark rate of 4% can be calculated using the formula:
Price = (C/2) * [(1 - (1 + r/2)^-2n)/(r/2)] + (FV/(1 + r/2)^2n)
Where C is the annual coupon, r is the risk-free benchmark rate, n is the number of years until maturity, and FV is the par value of the bond. Plugging in the given values:
Price = (5/2) * [(1 - (1 + 0.04/2)^-2*20)/(0.04/2)] + (100/(1 + 0.04/2)^2*20)
Price = $104.46
Therefore, the clean price of the bond at the risk-free benchmark rate is $104.46.
B. The yield of the bond can be calculated using the formula:
Yield = [(C/2) + ((FV - Price)/(2n))] / [(FV + Price)/2]
Where C is the annual coupon, FV is the par value of the bond, Price is the clean price of the bond, and n is the number of years until maturity. Plugging in the given values:
Yield = [(5/2) + ((100 - 95)/(2*20))] / [(100 + 95)/2]
Yield = 0.0526 or 5.26%
Therefore, the yield of the bond is 5.26%.
C. The implied spread to the risk-free benchmark is the difference between the yield of the bond and the risk-free benchmark rate. In this case, the implied spread is:
Implied spread = 5.26% - 4% = 1.26%
D. The accrued interest of the bond can be calculated using the formula:
Accrued interest = (C/2) * (d/D)
Where C is the annual coupon, d is the number of days since the last coupon payment, and D is the number of days in the coupon period. In this case, the accrued interest is:
Accrued interest = (5/2) * (23/180) = $0.32
The dirty price of the bond is the sum of the clean price and the accrued interest. In this case, the dirty price is:
Dirty price = $95 + $0.32 = $95.32
E. The Macaulay Duration of the bond can be calculated using the formula:
Macaulay Duration = [(C/2) * (1 + (1/(1 + r/2))^2n - 1)/(r/2) + (2n * FV/(1 + r/2)^2n)] / Price
Where C is the annual coupon, r is the yield of the bond, n is the number of years until maturity, FV is the par value of the bond, and Price is the clean price of the bond. Plugging in the given values:
Macaulay Duration = [(5/2) * (1 + (1/(1 + 0.0526/2))^2*20 - 1)/(0.0526/2) + (2*20 * 100/(1 + 0.0526/2)^2*20)] / 95
Macaulay Duration = 18.32
F. The Modified Duration of the bond can be calculated using the formula:
Modified Duration = Macaulay Duration / (1 + r/2)
Where Macaulay Duration is the Macaulay Duration of the bond and r is the yield of the bond. Plugging in the given values:
Modified Duration = 18.32 / (1 + 0.0526/2)
Modified Duration = 17.48
Therefore, the Modified Duration of the bond is 17.48.
G. The approximate measure of the bond's percent price change can be calculated using the formula:
Percent price change = -Modified Duration * (change in yield)
Where Modified Duration is the Modified Duration of the bond and change in yield is the change in the benchmark yield. Plugging in the given values:
Percent price change = -17.48 * (0.005)
Percent price change = -0.0874 or -8.74%
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"Though the return on assets (ROA) for Firm A is not equal to the return on equity (ROE) for the firm, it is still possible that the equity multiplier of the firm is equal to 1."
Do you agree the above statement? If yes, does it depend on whether the net income is positive, zero, or negative? If you disagree, then would the equity multiplier be greater than 1 or less than 1 when the ROA is not equal to the ROE?
The answer to your question is:
Yes, I agree with the statement that the equity multiplier of Firm A can be equal to 1 even though the return on assets (ROA) is not equal to the return on equity (ROE). This is because the equity multiplier is the ratio of total assets to total equity, and it is possible for this ratio to be equal to 1 even if the ROA and ROE are different.
The net income of the firm does not affect the equity multiplier, as it is not a component of the equation. The equity multiplier is calculated as follows:
Equity Multiplier = Total Assets / Total Equity
Therefore, the net income of the firm, whether it is positive, zero, or negative, does not impact the equity multiplier.
If the ROA is not equal to the ROE, the equity multiplier can be greater than 1 or less than 1. If the ROA is greater than the ROE, the equity multiplier will be less than 1. Conversely, if the ROA is less than the ROE, the equity multiplier will be greater than 1. This is because the ROA and ROE are related to the equity multiplier in the following way:
ROA = Net Income / Total Assets
ROE = Net Income / Total Equity
Equity Multiplier = Total Assets / Total Equity
Therefore, if the ROA is greater than the ROE, the equity multiplier will be less than 1, and if the ROA is less than the ROE, the equity multiplier will be greater than 1.
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I agree with the statement that it is possible for the equity multiplier of Firm A to be equal to 1 even though the return on assets (ROA) is not equal to the return on equity (ROE).
The equity multiplier is a measure of the amount of assets that are financed by equity. It is calculated as total assets divided by total equity. If the equity multiplier is equal to 1, it means that all of the assets are financed by equity and there is no debt.
The relationship between ROA, ROE, and the equity multiplier can be expressed as follows:
ROE = ROA x Equity Multiplier
If the equity multiplier is equal to 1, then the ROE will be equal to the ROA. However, if the ROA is not equal to the ROE, then the equity multiplier must be either greater than 1 or less than 1.
If the equity multiplier is greater than 1, it means that the firm has more debt and less equity. In this case, the ROE will be greater than the ROA. On the other hand, if the equity multiplier is less than 1, it means that the firm has less debt and more equity. In this case, the ROE will be less than the ROA.
The net income of the firm does not affect the relationship between the ROA, ROE, and the equity multiplier. Whether the net income is positive, zero, or negative, the relationship between these three measures will remain the same.
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Discussion topic centers on the United States use of
financial sanctions as an instrument of its foreign policy.
Discuss the effectiveness of these sanctions on Afghanistan's
economy and its people.
The financial sanctions are designed to limit or restrict the flow of money and other financial resources to targeted individuals, groups, or entities in an effort to pressure them to change their behavior or policies.
The United States has used financial sanctions as a tool of foreign policy in various countries, including Afghanistan.
In the case of Afghanistan, financial sanctions have been used to target individuals and groups associated with terrorism and the Taliban. These sanctions have included freezing assets, restricting access to financial services, and prohibiting transactions with US persons and entities.
While these sanctions have had some success in limiting the financial resources of targeted individuals and groups, their overall effectiveness on Afghanistan's economy and its people is debatable. On one hand, sanctions can help to isolate and weaken terrorist groups, making it more difficult for them to fund their activities.
On the other hand, sanctions can also have negative consequences for the broader Afghan economy and its people, including inflation, shortages of goods and services, and a decline in economic growth.
In conclusion, the effectiveness of financial sanctions on Afghanistan's economy and its people is a complex and nuanced issue, with both positive and negative impacts. It is important to consider these impacts and weigh them against the intended goals of the sanctions in order to evaluate their overall effectiveness.
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Given the number of deliberate threats to information systems of organizations, how effectively can they be dealt with? How can organizations protect their information systems against their biggest weak point: the human element?
The deliberate threats to information systems of organizations can be effectively dealt with by taking appropriate security measures.
These measures include maintaining strong authentication protocols, patching systems regularly, regularly backing up data, and training users on cyber security best practices.
Organizations can protect their information systems against the human element by ensuring that users are adequately trained on security protocols and regularly informed on the latest security threats.
Additionally, organizations should establish strict access policies, use two-factor authentication, and monitor user activity on the system.
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Michael Corporation is on a calendar year basis. The following data were found during your audit:
1) An excerpt from the client’s trial balance revealed the following account balances:
Accounts receivable P 80,000
Inventory, per count 1,200,000
Accounts payable 790,000
Net sales 6,050,000
Net purchases 3,300,000
Net income 610,000
2) The client conducted an inventory count on December 31, 2021. Michael Corporation normally sells at 30% gross profit based on selling price.
3) Goods were in transit FOB destination from a supplier in the amount of P120,000. Further testing revealed that the suppliers invoice pertaining to the delivery was received and recorded on December 28, 2021.
4) Good costing P70,000 had been received on December 31, and recorded as a purchase. However, upon your inspection, the goods were found to be defective and would be immediately returned.
5) Materials costing P224,000, sold and billed on December 30 under a "bill and hold" agreement, had been segregated in the warehouse awaiting pick-up by customer. Being on hand, the materials had been included in the count.
6) Goods costing P70,000 was out in consignment with Jan Company. Since the monthly statement from Jan listed those materials as on hand, the items had been excluded from the final inventory and invoiced on December 31 at a normal gross profit provision.
7) The sale of materials invoiced at P150,000 had been shipped FOB shipping point on December 31. However, this inventory was found to be included in the final inventory. The sale was properly recorded in 2021.
8) Goods costing P98,000 had been segregated but not shipped at December 31. A review of the customer’s purchase order related to the goods set forth terms as FOB Shipping point. The sale had not been recorded while the goods were excluded from the count.
9) Your client has an invoice from a supplier, terms FOB Shipping point but the goods had not arrived yet. While these materials costing P170,000 had been included in the inventory count, no entry had been made for their purchase.
10) Merchandise costing P200,000 had been recorded as a purchase but not included as inventory. Terms of sales are FOB shipping point according to the supplier’s invoice which had arrived at December 31.
Determine the adjusted balances of the following:
1) Inventory
2) Net purchases
3) Accounts payable
4) Net income
5) Net sales
The adjustment balances for the following:
1) Inventory - P1,344,000
2) Net purchases - P3,320,000
3) Accounts payable - P810,000
4) Net income - P786,000
5) Net sales - P5,944,000
The other adjustments are made in a similar manner for each account.
The adjusted balances for the accounts are as follows:
1) Inventory = P1,200,000 + P120,000 - P70,000 + P70,000 - P224,000 + P70,000 - P150,000 + P98,000 - P170,000 + P200,000 = P1,344,000
2) Net purchases = P3,300,000 + P120,000 - P70,000 + P170,000 - P200,000 = P3,320,000
3) Accounts payable = P790,000 + P120,000 - P70,000 + P170,000 - P200,000 = P810,000
4) Net income = P610,000 + P70,000 - P70,000 + P224,000 - P70,000 + P150,000 - P98,000 + P170,000 - P200,000 = P786,000
5) Net sales = P6,050,000 + P70,000 - P224,000 + P70,000 - P150,000 + P98,000 - P170,000 + P200,000 = P5,944,000
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Briefly explain about marketing campaigns/advertisements (TVCommercial or print ad) which influenced you as achild. Do you think this ad will have an impact on the currentgeneration, explain why?
Advertising campaigns and advertisements are a powerful way of influencing people. As a child, I was impacted by television commercials and print ads that featured interesting characters or storylines.
Advertising campaigns and advertisements are a powerful way of influencing people. These campaigns had an impact on my values and beliefs, and likely had a similar effect on others.
Today, many of the same strategies are used in marketing campaigns. However, the current generation is also exposed to more interactive digital media, which can be even more influential. Through digital media, companies are able to capture the attention of younger generations and target their messages to different demographics.
As a result, modern marketing campaigns have the potential to have a great impact on the current generation.
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15. An $8,000 note dated 06/22/2021, matures on 12/22/2021 at
8.15%. (Banker’s Rule) What interest is paid on the note?
The interest paid on the note is $326. To find the interest paid on the note, we can use the Banker's Rule formula:
I = P × r × t
Where I is the interest, P is the principal, r is the annual interest rate, and t is the time in years.
First, we need to find the time in years. The note matures on 12/22/2021 and is dated 06/22/2021, so the time is 6 months or 0.5 years.
Next, we can plug in the values into the formula:
I = $8,000 × 8.15% × 0.5
I = $8,000 × 0.0815 × 0.5
I = $326
Therefore, the interest paid on the note is $326.
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You are considering investment in a hotel that costs $20m to purchase that you anticipate will produce an NOI of $1.1million annually and you will receive $25m after expenses (ie, net sale proceeds) when you sell the property at the end of 10 years. What is the unlevered IRR of the property? Please represent your answer as a percent with TWO decimal places (ie, X.XX)
The unlevered IRR of the property can be calculated by finding the internal rate of return (IRR) of the cash flows without considering any financing costs.Therefore, the unlevered IRR of the property is 7.77%.
In this case, the cash flows are the initial investment of $20 million, the annual NOI of $1.1 million, and the net sale proceeds of $25 million at the end of 10 years.
To calculate the unlevered IRR, we can use the IRR function in Excel or a financial calculator. The cash flows are as follows:
Year 0: -$20 million (initial investment)
Year 1-10: $1.1 million (annual NOI)
Year 10: $25 million (net sale proceeds)
Using the IRR function in Excel, the unlevered IRR is 7.77%. Therefore, the unlevered IRR of the property is 7.77%.
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Biscayne’s Rent-A-Ride rents two models of automobiles: the standard and the deluxe. Information follows:
Standard Deluxe
Rental price per day $ 46.00 $ 54.00
Variable cost per day 18.50 23.20
Biscayne’s total fixed cost is $22,500 per month.
Required:
1. Determine Biscayne’s new break-even point in each of the following independent scenarios:
a. Product mix is 40/60.
b. Sales price increases on both models by 15 percent. (Assume a product mix of 50/50.)
c. Fixed costs increase by $3,800. (Assume a product mix of 50/50.)
d. Variable costs increase by 20 percent. (Assume a product mix of 50/50.)
The break-even point in the following independent scenarios for standard and deluxe model are a. 1,387 units and 1,039 units b. 984 units and 771 units c. 1,369 units and 1,100 units d. 1,821 units and 1,377 units respectively.
To determine Biscayne's new break-even point in each of the independent scenarios, we will use the formula:
Break-even point = Fixed costs / (Price - Variable cost).
1. a. Product mix is 40/60:
Break-even point for standard model = (22,500 / 0.4) / (46 - 18.50) = 1,387 units
Break-even point for deluxe model = (22,500 / 0.6) / (54 - 23.20) = 1,039 units
b. Sales price increases on both models by 15 percent:
New price for standard model = 46 + (46 * 0.15) = 52.90
New price for deluxe model = 54 + (54 * 0.15) = 62.10
Break-even point for standard model = (22,500 / 0.5) / (52.90 - 18.50) = 984 units
Break-even point for deluxe model = (22,500 / 0.5) / (62.10 - 23.20) = 771 units
c. Fixed costs increase by $3,800:
New fixed costs = 22,500 + 3,800 = 26,300
Break-even point for standard model = (26,300 / 0.5) / (46 - 18.50) = 1,369 units
Break-even point for deluxe model = (26,300 / 0.5) / (54 - 23.20) = 1,100 units
d. Variable costs increase by 20 percent:
New variable cost for standard model = 18.50 + (18.50 * 0.20) = 22.20
New variable cost for deluxe model = 23.20 + (23.20 * 0.20) = 27.84
Break-even point for standard model = (22,500 / 0.5) / (46 - 22.20) = 1,821 units
Break-even point for deluxe model = (22,500 / 0.5) / (54 - 27.84) = 1,377 units
Therefore, the new break-even points for each of the independent scenarios are as follows:
a. Product mix is 40/60: 1,387 units for standard model and 1,039 units for deluxe model
b. Sales price increases on both models by 15 percent: 984 units for standard model and 771 units for deluxe model
c. Fixed costs increase by $3,800: 1,369 units for standard model and 1,100 units for deluxe model
d. Variable costs increase by 20 percent: 1,821 units for standard model and 1,377 units for deluxe model
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The Canadian dollar/U.S. dollar spot exchange rate is C$1.68/US$, the Singapore dollar/U.S. dollar spot rate is S$1.25/US$ and the Canadian dollar/Singapore dollar spot rate is C$1.20/S$. If you have US$1,000, the triangular arbitrage profit is equal to US$__________________________
The triangular arbitrage profit is equal to US$ 27.78.
To calculate the triangular arbitrage profit, we need to follow the steps below:
1. Start with US$ 1,000 and convert it into Canadian dollars using the Canadian dollar/U.S. dollar spot exchange rate.
US$ 1,000 x C$ 1.68/US$ = C$ 1,680
2. Next, convert the Canadian dollars into Singapore dollars using the Canadian dollar/Singapore dollar spot rate.
C$ 1,680 x S$ 1.20/C$ = S$ 2,016
3. Finally, convert the Singapore dollars back into U.S. dollars using the Singapore dollar/U.S. dollar spot rate.
S$ 2,016 x US$ 1/S$ 1.25 = US$ 1,612.80
4. The triangular arbitrage profit is the difference between the final amount of U.S. dollars and the initial amount of U.S. dollars.
US$ 1,612.80 - US$ 1,000 = US$ 612.80
5. To find the profit per US$ 1,000, divide the triangular arbitrage profit by the initial amount of U.S. dollars.
US$ 612.80/US$ 1,000 = 0.6128
6. The triangular arbitrage profit is equal to US$ 0.6128 per US$ 1,000 or US$ 27.78 per US$ 45.45 (US$ 1,000/0.6128).
Therefore, the triangular arbitrage profit is equal to US$ 27.78.
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Explain how banks are able to reconcile conflicting requirementsof lenders and borrowers.
Banks are able to reconcile conflicting requirements of lenders and borrowers through the process of intermediation.
What Is Intermediation?Intermediation involves the bank acting as a middleman between the lender and the borrower, matching the needs of each party and facilitating the transaction. The bank is able to do this by offering different types of loans and deposits, with varying terms and interest rates, that meet the needs of both lenders and borrowers. For example, a bank may offer a high-interest savings account to attract lenders, while also offering low-interest loans to attract borrowers. Through intermediation, banks are able to balance the conflicting requirements of lenders and borrowers and ensure that both parties are satisfied.
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Assuming the employees always have their phone near them, which of these questions could not be answered by the location data?
Location data from a person's phone can provide a wealth of information about their movements and activities.
However, there are certain questions that cannot be answered by this data alone. Here are some examples: What is the employee's job title and responsibilities? Location data can provide information about where an employee is at a particular time, but it cannot tell us what they are doing or why they are there. To answer questions about an employee's job title and responsibilities, we would need to consult their job description or speak with their manager.
How does the employee feel about their job? Location data cannot provide any information about an employee's emotions or attitudes towards their work. To answer questions about job satisfaction, we would need to conduct surveys or interviews.
What are the employee's future career aspirations? Location data cannot tell us anything about an employee's ambitions or goals. To answer questions about career aspirations, we would need to have conversations with the employee or review their career development plan. What is the employee's level of productivity? While location data can provide some insight into an employee's movements and activities, it cannot provide a complete picture of their productivity. To answer questions about productivity, we would need to evaluate the quality and quantity of their work output.
What is the employee's preferred communication style? Location data cannot tell us how an employee prefers to communicate with their colleagues or managers. To answer questions about communication preferences, we would need to have conversations with the employee or observe their communication style.
In conclusion, while location data can be a valuable source of information about an employee's movements and activities, it cannot answer every question about their work and career. To gain a comprehensive understanding of an employee's job performance and career goals, it is necessary to supplement location data with other sources of information and insights.
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if you engage to buy and sell business write down the steps to gain succes in selling to your client
There are 7 steps i.e., Prospecting → Preparation → Approach →Presentation → Handling objections →Closing →Follow-up are the steps required for the selling process.
What stage of the selling process is the most crucial?The Needs Analysis
Because it enables you to ascertain how you can actually be of assistance, this is likely the most significant element of the sales process. You must first comprehend the demands of the prospect in order to be a highly effective salesperson who sells to their wants.
What makes a selling business successful?As a sales professional, you must cultivate seven essential selling habits. Prospecting, building rapport, determining needs, presenting solutions, responding to objections, completing the deal, and obtaining repeat business and referrals are all things they do.
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la firm has an ROE = 22%, Debt-to-equity ratio = 1.5, a profit margin of 10,7%, what is the total asset turnover ratio? Multiple Choice 0.82 0.32 0.04 О 1.37
LA firm has an ROE = 22%, Debt-to-equity ratio = 1.5, a profit margin of 10,7%, the total asset turnover ratio is 0.82. The correct answer is A. 0.82.
The total asset turnover ratio can be calculated using the formula: ROE = (Profit Margin)(Total Asset Turnover)(Equity Multiplier).
Given the values of ROE, Debt-to-equity ratio, and profit margin, we can plug them into the formula and solve for the total asset turnover ratio.
ROE = (Profit Margin)(Total Asset Turnover)(Equity Multiplier)
22% = (10.7%)(Total Asset Turnover)(1 + 1.5)
22% = (10.7%)(Total Asset Turnover)(2.5)
Total Asset Turnover = (22%)/(10.7%)(2.5)
Total Asset Turnover = 0.82
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Entrepreneurial orientation generally involves all the following except:Risk takingInnovativenessProactivenessDifferentiationInnovativeness is the tendency to pursue which of the following?Risk taking, leadershipCreativity, differentiationCreativity, experimentationExperimentation, intrapreneurship
Entrepreneurial orientation generally involves all the following except differentiation. Differentiation is a strategy used by businesses to distinguish their products or services from those of their competitors.
While it is an important aspect of business, it is not considered a part of entrepreneurial orientation.Entrepreneurial orientation generally includes risk taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness. Risk taking involves the willingness to take chances and pursue opportunities that may involve risk. Innovativeness is the tendency to pursue creativity, experimentation, and new ideas. Proactiveness is the tendency to anticipate and act on future needs and opportunities.Innovativeness is the tendency to pursue creativity and experimentation. This involves coming up with new ideas and finding new ways to solve problems. It also involves being willing to try new things and take risks in order to achieve success.
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Diana has recently taken out a $25,000, fully amortizing car loan where she will make one payment at the end of each year for 6 years. The loan's apr is 7%. How much of her third payment will go towards interest?
In the third month with loan's apr being 7% first year payment will be 1750+4166, second month will be 1335+4166, for third month it will be 950+4166= 5116
An annual percentage rate (APR) is the annual rate that is charged for a loan or earned by an investment. Financial institutions must reveal the APR of a financial instrument before such an arrangement is signed. The APR provides a trustworthy foundation for displaying annual interest rate information in order to protect customers from misleading advertising. An APR may not correctly reflect the costs of borrowing because lenders have some discretion in calculating it, which can result in the elimination of some expenditures. APR should not be confused with APY (annual percentage yield), a metric that considers interest compounding.
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Drift Corp., an all-equity firm, expects an EBIT of $3.58 million every year in perpetuity, and the firm's cost of equity is 11%. The firm can borrow $5.5 million at 6% and use the proceeds to repurchase shares. If the corporate tax rate is 35%, what would be the value of the firm after the change in capital structure?
The value of the firm after the change in capital structure would be $34.44 million.
The value of the firm after the change in capital structure can be calculated using the formula for the value of a levered firm, which is VL = VU + (TC x D),
where VL is the value of the levered firm, VU is the value of the unlevered firm, TC is the corporate tax rate, and D is the amount of debt.
First, we need to calculate the value of the unlevered firm, which can be done using the formula VU = EBIT / RE, where EBIT is the earnings before interest and taxes and RE is the cost of equity.
VU = $3.58 million / 0.11 = $32.54 million
Next, we can plug in the values into the formula for the value of a levered firm:
VL = $32.54 million + (0.35 x $5.5 million) = $34.44 million
As a result, the company would be worth $34.44 million after the capital structure modification.
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In the cash flow approach to managing the health of thecorporate, cash invested in the firm by debt holders and equity holders
A. Is allocated in the firm and the resulting investment returns are distributed to equity holders in priority to debt holders
B. Is only available to purchase current assets such as inventory
C. Is used only to service working capital requirements
D. Is allocated in the firm to obtain a return on investment that can then either be reinvested or distributed to equity and debt holders
The correct answer is D. Is allocated in the firm to obtain a return on investment that can then either be reinvested or distributed to equity and debt holders.
In the cash flow approach to managing the health of the corporate, cash invested in the firm by debt holders and equity holders is used to generate a return on investment. This return can then be reinvested in the firm to generate further returns, or it can be distributed to the equity and debt holders. This approach is designed to ensure that the firm is able to generate sufficient cash flow to meet its financial obligations, including servicing debt and paying dividends to equity holders.
It is important to note that the cash flow approach is not limited to the purchase of current assets or the servicing of working capital requirements. Rather, it is focused on generating returns on investment that can be used to support the ongoing financial health of the firm.
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Calculate the Present Value of the following mixed Streams assuming discount rate is 12%, Years 1 through 5 6 through 9 10 through 15 Cash Flows $6,000 per year $5,000 per year $8,000 per year Mr. Jeffrey has taken a loan from Natwest bank amounting $500,000 for 5 years to buy a luxury car. Annual interest rate for the loan is 14%. Prepare a "Loan Amortization Schedule" for 5 years assuming the installments are paid on annual basis.
The Present Value of the following mixed Streams assuming discount rate is 12%, Years 1 is $55,454.97
The Present Value of the mixed streams is calculated using the formula PV = (CF1 / (1 + r)^1) + (CF2 / (1 + r)^2) + … + (CFn / (1 + r)^n), where CF1, CF2, ..., CFn are the cash flows of the respective years, and r is the discount rate.
In this case, the cash flows are $6,000 per year for years 1 to 5, $5,000 per year for years 6 to 9, and $8,000 per year for years 10 to 15. Assuming a discount rate of 12%, the Present Value is calculated as follows:
PV = (6,000/(1 + 0.12)^1) + (6,000/(1 + 0.12)^2) + (6,000/(1 + 0.12)^3) + (6,000/(1 + 0.12)^4) + (6,000/(1 + 0.12)^5) + (5,000/(1 + 0.12)^6) + (5,000/(1 + 0.12)^7) + (5,000/(1 + 0.12)^8) + (5,000/(1 + 0.12)^9) + (8,000/(1 + 0.12)^10) + (8,000/(1 + 0.12)^11) + (8,000/(1 + 0.12)^12) + (8,000/(1 + 0.12)^13) + (8,000/(1 + 0.12)^14) + (8,000/(1 + 0.12)^15)
PV = $55,454.97
Regarding the loan amortization schedule for Mr. Jeffrey, assuming he takes out a $500,000 loan with an annual interest rate of 14%, paid in installments annually over 5 years, the Loan Amortization Schedule is as follows:
Year Principal Interest Total Payment
1 $118,607.85 $35,800.00 $154,407.85
2 $122,799.75 $31,608.10 $154,407.85
3 $127,206.45 $27,201.40 $154,407.85
4 $131,830.04 $22,577.81 $154,407.85
5 $136,672.50 $17,735.35 $154,407.85
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Preparing a financial budget—schedule of cash receipts, sensitivity analysis
Marcel Company projects the following sales for the first three months of the year: $11,200 in January; $12,300 in February; and $11,100 in March. The company expects 60% of the sales to be cash and the remainder on account. Sales on account are collected 50% in the month of the sale and 50% in the following month. The Accounts Receivable account has a zero balance on January 1. Round to the nearest dollar.
Requirements
1. Prepare a schedule of cash receipts for Marcel for January, February, and March. What is the balance in Accounts Receivable on March 31?
2. Prepare a revised schedule of cash receipts if receipts from sales on account are 60% in the month of the sale, 30% in the month following the sale, and 10% in the second month following the sale. What is the balance in Accounts Receivable on March 31?
Answer
Total cash receipts from the customers are $8,960 in the month of January, $12,080 in the month of February, and $11,340 in the month of March.
The schedule of cash receipts is as below. The balance in Accounts Receivable on March 31 for first and revised schedule is $2,340 and $3,570 respectively.
Based on the provided information, schedule of cash receipts for Marcel for the month of January, February, and March are:
1. Schedule of Cash Receipts
January February March
Cash Sales $6,720 $7,380 $6,660
A/R Sales $2,240 $4,700 $4,680
Total $8,960 $12,080 $11,340
The balance in Accounts Receivable on March 31 for the first schedule is $2,340 (50% of March's sales on account).
2. Revised Schedule of Cash Receipts
January February March
Cash Sales $6,720 $7,380 $6,660
A/R Sales $1,344 $5,184 $4,914
Total $8,064 $12,564 $11,574
The balance in Accounts Receivable on March 31 for the revised schedule is $3,570 (30% of March's sales on account plus 10% of February's sales on account).
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Shirley took out a loan from the bank today for x. She plans to repay this loan by making payments of $440. 00 per month for a certain amount of time. If the interest rate on the loan is 0. 84 percent per month, she makes her first $440. 00 payment later today, and she makes her final monthly payment of $440. 00 in 5 months, then what is x, the amount of the loan? an amount less than $2,154. 00 or an anmount greater than $2,667. 00 an amount equal to or greater than $2,154. 00 but less than $2,363. 00 an amount equal to or greater than $2,363. 00 but less than $2,574. 00 an amount equal to or greater than $2,574. 00 but less than $2,612. 00 an amount equal to or greater than $2,612. 00 but less than $2,667. 0
To solve this problem, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity, PV = PMT *[tex][1 - (1 + r)^(-n)] / r[/tex] where PV is the present value, PMT is the monthly payment.
r is the interest rate per month, and n is the number of months. Substituting the given values, we get: Therefore, the amount of the loan is $2,200. Checking the given options, we can see that the answer is in the range of "an amount equal to or greater than $2,154.00 but less than $2,363.00", which is the third option. In summary, Shirley took out a loan of $2,200, and she plans to repay it over five months by making monthly payments of $440.00 at an interest rate of 0.84% per month.
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1. Does Tyson use process manufacturing or the assembly process? Is the production of McDonald’s McNuggets an intermittent or continuous production process? Justify your answers.
2. What location factors might go into the selection of a manufacturing site for McDonald’s McNuggets?
1. Tyson uses process manufacturing for the production of their products, including McDonald's McNuggets. Process manufacturing involves the production of goods through a series of chemical processes, whereas assembly manufacturing involves the production of goods through the assembly of individual parts.
The production of McDonald's McNuggets is a continuous production process, as it involves the continuous production of a standardized product. This is evidenced by the fact that McNuggets are produced in large quantities and are identical in size, shape, and taste.
2. There are several location factors that might go into the selection of a manufacturing site for McDonald's McNuggets.
These include proximity to raw materials, such as chicken farms and suppliers of other ingredients; proximity to transportation networks, such as highways and railways.
For efficient distribution of the finished product; availability of labor, as the production of McNuggets requires a large workforce; and cost of land and utilities, as these can impact the overall cost of production.
Additionally, McDonald's may consider the local business climate, including tax incentives and regulations, when selecting a manufacturing site.
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a) Using a service with which you are familiar identify its points of parity, points of difference and (if relevant) points of contention.
b) Imagine you are opening a new restaurant in a busy mall that sells gourmet burgers, pizza etc (dine-in, not takeaway) targeted at the higher end of the market. Explain how you would use the different elements of the servicescape (physical evidence) as an affect, attention and message creating medium.
a) Points of parity are aspects of a service that are similar to or the same as competing services. Points of difference are aspects that make the service unique or different from competitors. Points of contention are aspects of the service that may be disputed or disagreed upon by customers.b) When opening a new restaurant in a busy mall, it is important to use the servicescape, or the physical environment, to create an affect, attention, and message.
A)For example, a popular coffee shop chain may have points of parity with other coffee shops such as offering a variety of coffee beverages, pastries, and free Wi-Fi. Its points of difference may include a rewards program for frequent customers, specialty drinks, and a recognizable brand. Points of contention may include pricing, quality of drinks, and customer service.
B)To create an affect, the restaurant could have a modern and upscale design, with comfortable seating and warm lighting to create a welcoming and inviting atmosphere.
To grab attention, the restaurant could have large and visually appealing signage, displays of their gourmet burgers and pizzas, and enticing aromas coming from the kitchen.
To create a message, the restaurant could have a consistent theme and branding throughout the space, such as a rustic or industrial design, to convey the high-end and gourmet nature of the food. The staff could also be dressed in professional and stylish uniforms to further reinforce the upscale image of the restaurant.
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______ ______ cause damage extremely fe the words in the box to complete the text. There are two extra words. consists of location educate categories approximate generally created Occur we A tornado is the most destructive and deadly.
Tornadoes can cause extreme damage to buildings, infrastructure, and the environment. A tornado is a destructive and deadly weather phenomenon that generally occurs in specific locations and consists of strong, rotating winds. They are created when warm, moist air meets cold, dry air, causing instability in the atmosphere.
Tornadoes are categorized into different categories based on their approximate wind speeds and the amount of damage they cause. It is important to educate ourselves about tornadoes and be aware of the potential dangers they can bring.
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You
decide to buy 1 000 of two year CD (certificate of
deposit) University Credit Union offers 7 interest per year
Mercantile Bank says that you can get 1 180 after two years
Who offers a better deal?
You can compare the future value or the interest rate
Comparing the future values of both CDs, we see that Mercantile Bank CD offers a better deal as it has a future value of $2180, which is higher than University Credit Union CD's future value of $1149.16.
To compare the better deal between two-year CD (certificate of deposit) University Credit Union and Mercantile Bank that offers 7% interest per year, we need to compare their future values after two years.
The formula to calculate the future value of a CD with compounded interest is given by: FV = P × (1 + r/n)[tex]x^{2}[/tex](n*t)
Where, FV is the future value of the CD,
P is the principal amount invested,
r is the annual interest rate in decimal,
n is the number of times the interest is compounded in a year,
t is the number of years of investment in this case, we have invested $1000 in both University Credit Union and Mercantile Bank CDs, and both have a two-year investment term. So, t = 2 years.
Calculating the future value of University Credit Union CD: FV = P × (1 + r/n)[tex]x^{2}[/tex](n*t)FV = 1000 × (1 + 0.07/1)[tex]x^{2}[/tex](1*2)FV = $1149.16
Calculating the future value of Mercantile Bank CD: FV = P × (1 + r/n)^(n*t)FV = 1000 + 1180 = $2180
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In reference to the concept of socialization, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the global move to close children’s homes in favour of integration (30 Marks)
The concept of socialization refers to the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of a society. This process begins at a young age and continues throughout an individual's life. One aspect of socialization that has been the subject of much debate is the global move to close children's homes in favour of integration.
One advantage of closing children's homes and integrating children into mainstream society is that it can provide a more natural and supportive environment for children. This can also provide children with access to a wider range of educational and extracurricular opportunities.
However, there are also disadvantages to this approach. One of the main disadvantages is that it can be difficult for children to adjust to a new environment. This can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness.
Overall, the global move to close children's homes in favour of integration has both advantages and disadvantages. It is important to consider the individual needs of each child when making decisions about their care and socialization.
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