Answer:
the firm's cost of debt financing = 6.682 %
Explanation:
Given that:
St. Thomas Company is planning to issue $1,000 par value bonds.
Bond coupon rate = 9.5
which will be sold at $980
Floating cost = 1 - 4 % of the market value
The bonds will mature in 15 years and coupon payments will be semi-annual .i.e Period = 15 × 2
Marginal tax rate = 35%
The objective is to determine the firm's cost of debt financing
From the information given ; we can use the EXCEL Spreadsheet to compute the value for the cost of debt then after that we will be able to find the firm's cost of debt financing.
The following data will be inserted into the Excel function (=RATE(15*2;0.095/2 *1000;-980*(1-4%);1000) )
Future value Fv= 1000
Payment Pmt =0.095/2 *1000
number of period Nper= 15 × 2
Present value Pv= -980 × (1 - 4%)
Output = 0.051413309 [tex]\approx[/tex] 5.14%
The Screenshot of the Excel Computation is also shown in the attached file below.
Pre tax cost of debt = 2 × cost of debt
Pre tax cost of debt = 2 × 5.14% = 10.28%
FInally ;
the firm's cost of debt financing = Pre-tax cost of debt × (1 - Tax rate)
where the marginal tax rate = 35%
the firm's cost of debt financing = 10.28% × (1 - 35%)
the firm's cost of debt financing = 0.1028 ×( 1 - 0.35)
the firm's cost of debt financing = 0.1028 × 0.65
the firm's cost of debt financing =0.06682
the firm's cost of debt financing = 6.682 %
Georgia was supposed to pay her premium by the 15th of the month. Which of the following provisions allows her to keep her coverage if she is a couple of weeks late with paying her premium (without penalty)?
a) Incontestability clause
b) Misstatement of age provision
c) Naming a beneficiary
d) Policy reinstatement
e) The grace period
Answer: The Grace period
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Georgia was supposed to pay her premium by the 15th of the month. The provision that allows her to keep her coverage even though she is a couple of weeks late with paying her premium without penalty is referred to as the grace period.
The grace period is a period of time which is after the due period of an obligation whereby a late fee or a penalty is waived. In this case, Georgia was in her grace period.
Rapid-Built Homes specializes in low-cost prefabricated, modular homes that can be erected in a mat-ter of days anywhere in the country. Rapid-Built focuses on entire subdivisions of homes developed by real estate speculators. ModernModular Homes (ModMod) specializes in modular homes designed by architects which can be built anywhere in the country. The buyers usually build the home themselves from kits on their own lots. ModMod sells fewer than 100 house kits per year. ModMod is run by two professors of architecture as a sideline business. According to the "Framework of Competitive Analys-is," we can say that Rapid-Built and ModMod:________.
a. are direct mutually-acknowledged competitors.
b. have high resource similarity.
c. have high market commonality.
d. are probably not engaged in intense competitive rivalry.
Answer:
D, are probably not engaged in intense competitive rivalry
Explanation:
A competitive analysis framework or framework of competitive analysis can be said to be an analysis model that is used to examine a competitor market structure. This in turn helps you to properly prepare or structure your market analysis.
There are about 5 competitive analysis frameworks. They include SWOT(strength Weakness Opportunity Threats), Porter's five forces, Strategic group analysis, growth share matrix, perceptual mapping.
In the case of Rapid-Built Homes and ModMod, they are not exactly involved in intense competitive rivalry because while Rapid-Built homes is a developed by real estate speculators, ModMod is a side business for two architecture professors. This means that selling of housing units by Rapid-Builts is the source of main income for the company while for ModMod, is it not the main source of income for the professors.
Cheers
Mr. Barker enjoys a comfortable retirement income. He recently had surgery and expected that he would have certain services and items covered by the plan with minimal out-of-pocket costs because his MA-PD coverage has been very good. However, when he received the bill, he was surprised to see large charges in excess of his maximum out-of-pocket limit that included a number of services and items he thought would be fully covered. He called you to ask what he could do? What could you tell him?
Answer:
What you could tell him is that you can offer to help him review all the plans appeal process as well as to help him ask the plan to review his coverage decision which will enable him to know why he had large charges in excess of his maximum out-of-pocket limit.
Explanation:
Based on the information given we were told that when he received the bill, their was large charges in excess of his maximum out-of-pocket limit which is a limit on the amount of money a person or an individual have to pay for covered medical care services in which we were still told that the large charges in excess of his maximum out-of-pocket limit also include a number of services and items he thought would be fully covered, therefore since he called you to ask what he could do, What you could tell him is that you will offer to help him review all the plans appeal process and to as well help him to ask the plan to review the coverage decision which is why coverage decision is of benefit because it enables a person or an individual to makes decision about their benefits including the amount they have to pay for their medical services plan.
What’s the likeliest reason the program failed? (A) The nap wasn't long enough. (B) The room for the nap was too noisy. (C) The culture of the organization did not support napping during a shift. (D) Workers weren’t as tired as managers thought they were.
Answer: C. The culture of the organization did not support napping during a shift.
Explanation:
Many people tend to have a good rest when they are not working so they can regain their mental and physical strength when they are not on duty to be strong enough to carry out task when they on duty. Depreving them of this rest will tend to fail any program. Rest is required for success as the human system is frail at some point after long task or job being carried out.
Your accountant tells you that if you can continue to earn the current interest rate on your balance of $750 for the next three years, you will have $944.78 in your account. If your accountant is correct, then what is the current interest rate
Answer: 8%
Explanation:
current balance = $750
Period = 3years
Final amount at the end of the third year = $944.78
Rate =?
Using the compound interest formula :
A = P( 1 + r/n)^nt
Where : A= final amount plus interest
P = principal amount
r = interest rate
t = period
n = number of compounding periods per year = 1
A = P( 1 + r)^t
944.78 = 750(1 + r)^3
Divide both side by 750
944.78/750 = (1+r)^3
1.2597 = (1+r)^3
Take the cube root of both sides
1.07999 = 1+r
r = 1.07999 - 1
r = 0.07999
r = (0.07999) * 100%
r = 7.999% = 8%
Strong Look Corporation provided the following information to its accountants. The company had current assets of $145,332, net fixed assets of $356,190, and other assets of $4,176. The firm has long-term debt of $76,445, common stock of $200,000, and retained earnings of $134,461. What amount of current liabilities does this firm have?
Answer:
Explanation:
Given the following :
current assets = $145,332
Net fixed assets = $356,190
Other assets = $4,176
Long-term debt = $76,445
Common stock = $200,000
Retained earnings = $134,461
Current liabilities = ( Total assets - Long-term debt - Total stockholders' equity)
Total assets = (current + net + other) assets
Total assets = $(145,332 + 356,190 + 4, 176) = $505,698
Total Stockholder's equity = ( common stocks + retained earning)
Total stockholders' equity = $200,000 + $134,461 = $334,461
Current liabilities = ( Total assets - Long-term debt - Total stockholders' equity)
Current Liabilities :
($505,698 - $76,445 - $334,461) = $94,792
Wilson Corp. purchased its own par value stock on January 1, 2015 for $20,000 and debited the treasury stock account for the purchase price. The stock was subsequently sold for $12,000. The $8,000 difference between the cost and sales price should be recorded as a deduction from
Answer: additional paid-in capital to the extent that previous net "gains" from sales of the same class of stock are included therein; otherwise, from retained earnings.
Explanation:
The options are:
additional paid-in capital to the extent that previous net "gains" from sales of the same class of stock are included therein; otherwise, from retained earnings.
b. additional paid-in capital without regard as to whether or not there have been previous net "gains" from sales of the same class of stock included therein.
c. retained earnings.
d. net income.
From the question, we are informed that Wilson Corp. purchased its own par value stock on January 1, 2015 for $20,000 and debited the treasury stock account for the purchase price. The stock was subsequently sold for $12,000.
Therefore, the $8,000 difference between the cost and sales price should be recorded as a deduction from the additional from the paid-in capital to the extent that previous net "gains" from sales of the same class of stock are included therein otherwise, from the retained earnings.
In the Shaping Department of Sheridan Company the unit materials cost is $2.00 and the unit conversion cost is $1.60. The department transferred out 8900 units and had 2000 units in ending work in process 20% complete. If all materials are added at the beginning of the process, the total cost to be assigned to the ending work in process is
Answer:
Ending Work in Process $ 4640
Explanation:
Sheridan Company
Shaping Department
Ending Work in Process $ 4640
Materials = 2000 units*$2= $ 4000
Conversion= 2000 units *20%* $1.6= 400*$ 1.6=$ 640
We find the cost of ending inventory by multiplying the materials unit cost with the materials units and the unit conversion costs with the equivalent conversion units.All materials are included because the materials are added at the beginning of the process.
Jamie and Peter Dawson own 220 shares of Duke Energy common stock. Duke Energy’s quarterly dividend is $0.86 per share. What is the amount of the dividend check the Dawson couple will receive for this quarter? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Answer:
$189.20
Explanation:
Quarterly amount of dividend check = quarterly dividend per share x number of shares.
Quarterly dividend = $0.86
number of shares = 220
Check amount = 220 x $0.86
= $189.20.
Cheers.
The revenue recognition principle says divide time into equal periods to measure net income or net loss properly. B. match revenues and expenses in order to compute net income. C. record revenue only after you have earned it. D. record revenue only when you receive cash.
Answer:
C. Record revenue only after you have earned it
Explanation:
The revenue recognition principle says record revenue only after you have earned it.
Revenue recognition principle is an accounting principle that helps to determine how and when revenue is to be recognized.
Revenue recognition principle requires that revenues can only be recognized when they are realized and earned, not when cash is received.
Revenue can be calculated by multiplying price by units of quantity demanded.
That is,
Revenue= Price × Quantity demanded
Unplug Wireless is a cellular service provider that charges its customers $1 for three hours of talk time. So, if a customer's talk time for a month is 60 hours, the company charges him or her $20 at the end of the month. Which of the following business models does this best illustrate?
a. freemium
b. subscription-based
c. pay-as-you-go
d. razor-razor-blade
Answer:
c. pay-as-you-go
Explanation:
-Freemium means that a service is free but if the customers want additional features they have to pay for them.
-Subscription-based is when a customer takes a service for an established price during a specific period of time.
-Pay-as-you-go is when you pay only for the services you use.
-Razor-razor-blade is when a business sells a product at a low price to be able to sell a complementary good.
According to this, the answer is that the business model that is best illustrated is pay-as-you-go because the customer pays for the talk time he/she consumes each month.
Plezion Corp. is an independent distributor that connects furniture sellers to its buyers. The company distributes furniture made of plastic, wood, and carbon fiber on a large scale. The company does not take legal ownership of the goods it distributes. In this scenario, it can be said that Plezion Corp. is a(n) _____.
Answer:
Agent
Explanation:
A business agent is defined as a person or entity that manages the business affairs of another person or company.
The extent of their duties depends on the contract that exists between the agent and the entity they represent.
Usually agents are involved in negotiating contracts on behalf of their clients.
Plezion Corp. serves as an agent when they connect furniture sellers to buyers, and distribute furniture made of plastic, wood, and carbon fiber on a large scale.
The company does not take legal ownership of the goods it distributes.
Answer:
agent
Explanation:
An agent is an independent sales representive that can work for different businesses and negotiates with other parties to sell their products in exchange for a comission and the businesses it represents maintain the ownership of the products. According to this, the answer is that in this scenario, it can be said that Plezion Corp. is an agent because it sells products manufactured by other companies and it doesn't take legal ownership of them.
What is the single most important factor in determining the success or failure
of a project?
O A. Communication
B. Schedule
C. Budget
D. Risk
SUBMT
Answer:
Answer Choice: A. Communication
Explanation:
Communication is the single most important factor in determining the success or failure of a project because the better you explain the project the higher your grade will be so, that will result in your grade being a A or a B so, that will cause you to pass, and the worst you explain the project the lower your grade will be so, that will result in your grade being a C or D or F (or an E depending on how your school grades) so, that will cause you to fail.
Answer:
here
Explanation:
The legal document identifying the rights and obligations of both the bondholders and the issuer is called the bond ______. This document describes the number of bonds authorized, their par value, and the contract interest rate. agreement document indenture article
Answer: indenture
Explanation:
The bond indenture is a legal contract that or covers a purchase obligation or a debt.
Therefore, the legal document identifying the rights and obligations of both the bondholders and the issuer is called the bond indenture. This document describes the number of bonds authorized, their par value, and the contract interest rate.
Erin works for a dry-cleaning company that has a contract with the U.S. government. To save on cleaning fluid, her boss orders her to wash some clothes that are supposed to be dry-cleaned in a washing machine. When the courier hired to pick up the cleaned garments arrives, Erin tells him about her boss' actions. Erin tells no one else about what is going on and is later fired. Erin:
Answer: Erin is not protected by whistleblower statute
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Erin works for a dry-cleaning company that has a contract with the U.S. government and that in order to save on cleaning fluid, her boss orders her to wash some clothes that are supposed to be dry-cleaned in a washing machine.
We are further told that when the courier hired to pick up the cleaned garments arrives, Erin tells him about her boss' actions but Erin tells no one else about what is going on and is later fired.
This shows that the whistleblower statute didn't protect Erin because of her failure to inform the main party that was affected of the contract violation
You would like to implement an interval DRO procedure with one of your students with autism to decrease hand flapping (so that you can get the student to attend to her work eventually). You conduct some baseline observations and find that the student stops flapping her hands for about 2 minutes on average. What would an appropriate initial DRO interval be?
A) 2 seconds
B) 2 minutes, 30 seconds
C) 1 minute, 45 seconds
D) 4 minutes
Answer:
C
Explanation:
At December 31, Tremble Music had account balances in Accounts Receivable of $300,000 and in Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts of $1,000 (credit) before any adjustments. An analysis of Tremble's December 31 accounts receivable suggests that 5% of the account balances are not expected to be collected. The balance of Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts after adjustment will be:
Answer:
$15,000.
Explanation:
So, in this particular question we are given the following parameters or data or information which is going aid us in solving the problem;
=> "At December 31, Tremble Music had account balances in Accounts Receivable of $300,000 "
=>" At December 31, Tremble Music had account balances in Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts of $1,000 (credit) before any adjustments"
=> "An analysis of Tremble's December 31 accounts receivable suggests that 5% of the account balances are not expected to be collected"
So, looking at the third point from the question above, we see that "accounts receivable suggests that 5% of the account balances", thus, we have that;
$300,000, which is the account receivable multiply by 5%. That is;
$300,000 × 5/100 = $15,000.
Regardless of whether a business uses FIFO, LIFO, or weighted average cost for its inventory costing system, cost of goods available for sale must be allocated at the end of the period between these two categories. Multiple Choice beginning inventory and cost of goods sold. net purchases during the period and ending inventory. ending inventory and beginning inventory. ending inventory and cost of goods sold.
Answer:
Cost of goods available for sale must be allocated at the end of the period between ending inventory and cost of goods sold.
Explanation:
Cost of goods available for sale can be described as the maximum amount of inventory, stock, or goods that is possible for a firm to sell during an accounting period. It is the maximum amount because it is not possible for a firm to sell more than the cost of goods available for sale.
The cost of goods available for sale is obtained by adding beginning inventory and net purchases during an accounting period. This can be stated as follows:
COGAFS = BI + NP ............................... (1)
Where;
COGAFS = Cost of goods available for sale
BI = Beginning inventory
NP = Net purchases
At the end of an accounting period, ending inventory is deducted from the cost of goods available for sale to obtain cost of goods sold as follows:
COGS = COGAFS - EI ............................ (2)
Where;
COGS = Cost of goods sold
COGAFS = Cost of goods available for sale
EI = Ending inventory
Rearranging equation (2) and solve for COGAFS, we have:
COGFAS = COGS + EI ........................... (3)
Equation (3) therefore implies that the correct option is "cost of goods available for sale must be allocated at the end of the period between ending inventory and cost of goods sold".
- RBT Requirements Coordinators are responsible for:
•Direct supervision of an RBT only
•All supervision activities of RBTs across an organization
•Administrate paperwork associated with RBT supervision only
•Only activates associated with RBT supervisors
Answer: All supervision activities of RBTs across an organization
Explanation:
A Registered Behavior Technician I someone who that is closely monitored by BCBA when practicing. The RBT is responsible for implementing behavior-analytic services.
RBT Requirements Coordinators are responsible for all supervision activities of RBTs across an organization.
At the intersection of the short-run aggregate supply curve, the aggregate demand curve, and the long-run aggregate supply curve, the economy is in: Multiple Choice a long-run equilibrium but not a short-run equilibrium. both a short-run and long-run equilibrium. a short-run equilibrium but not a long-run equilibrium. neither a short-run nor long-run equilibrium.
Answer:
a short-run equilibrium but not a long-run equilibrium.
Explanation:
The long run aggregate supply and aggregate demand when intersect they determine the economy level of equilibrium. This will determine real level of GDP and prices in the long run. The short run supply curve is upward sloping. It determines the quantity of the output that will be produced at each level of price in the short run.
Berner Mining Company estimates that after it completes extraction of valuable metals from a tract of land, $245,000 will be necessary to return the land to its original condition. This cost is considered a(n)
Answer:
restoration cost
Explanation:
This specific cost of $245,000 would be considered a restoration cost. These types of costs are defined as the "actual and imputed expenditures for activities aiming at the restoration of depleted or degraded natural systems, partly or completely counteracting environmental impacts of economic activities". Such as mining the land for its natural resources, which in term destroys/damages the land.
Gelb Company currently manufactures 49,000 units per year of a key component for its manufacturing process. Variable costs are $6.25 per unit, fixed costs related to making this component are $89,000 per year, and allocated fixed costs are $78,500 per year. The allocated fixed costs are unavoidable whether the company makes or buys this component. The company is considering buying this component from a supplier for $3.50 per unit. Calculate the total incremental cost of making 49,000 units and buying 49,000 units. Should it continue to manufacture the component, or should it buy this component from the outside supplier
Answer:
If the company buys the component, income will increase by $223,750.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Units= 49,000
Variable costs are $6.25 per unit
Fixed costs= $89,000 per year
The company is considering buying this component from a supplier for $3.50 per unit.
We will take into account only the differential costs.
Make:
Total cost= 49,000*6.25 + 89,000= $395,250
Buy:
Total cost= 49,000*3.5= $171,500
From the beginning, we knew that the cost of buying was cheaper than the unitary variable cost of making the part.
If the company buys the component, income will increase by $223,750.
In the year 2000, the economy produces 50 loaves of bread that sell for $1 each. In the year 2001, the economy produces 100 loaves of bread that sell for $2 each. In the year 2002, the economy produces 200 loaves of bread that sell for $3 each. Calculate nominal GDP for each year.
Answer:
2000 - $502001 - $2002002 - $600Explanation:
Nominal GDP is the market value of final goods and services in an Economy in a period, typically a year. The final goods in this scenario are the loaves of bread.
2000 Economy
= 50 loaves * 1
= $50
2001 Economy
= 100 * 2
= $200
2002 Economy
= 200 * 3
= $600
Stock QWE plans to pay dividends of $3.00, $3.50, and $4.00 in each of the next three years. If the price of this stock will be $50.00 at the end of three years and the required rate of return by shareholders is 15%, then what is the value of the stock today
Answer:
$40.76
Explanation:
Calculation of the value of the stock today
First step is find the value of stock for each year.
The Value of stock today will be:
First year =($3.00 / 1.15^¹)
First year=($3.00/1.15)
First year=$2.61
Second year= ($3.50 / 1.15^²)
Second year =($3.50/1.3225)
Second year =$2.65
Third year= ($4.00 / 1.15^3)
Third year=($4.00/1.520875)
Third year =$2.63
End of third year= ($50.00 / 1.15^3)
End of third year = ($50.00/1.520875)
End of third year =$32.88
Last step is to add the amount for each year up
V0= $2.61 + $2.65 + $2.63 + $32.88
V0= $40.76
Therefore the value of the stock today will be $40.76
Household production consists of Group of answer choices any commodities which are produced at home and then sold. any commodities which are produced at home and yield utility to the family. any time spent at home by any family member. any commodities purchased for use in the home.
Answer:
Any commodities which are produced at home and yield utility to the family
Explanation:
Household production occur when member of a household produce goods and service for their own personal consumption or for their own personal use, using their own capital as well as their own unpaid labor .
In another word in HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION the member of the household are both the producers as well as the consumers of the goods produce by them.
Example of these household consumption are: Foods, Clothes Acommodation among others. Therefore we can vividly say that HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION consists of Any commodities which are produced at home and yield utility to the family.
Depreciation of the euro relative to the U.S. dollar will cause a U.S.-based MNC’s reported earnings (from the consolidated income statement) to ____. If a firm desired to protect against this possibility, it could stabilize its reported earnings by ____ euros forward in the foreign exchange market.
Answer:
be reduced;selling
Explanation:
As if we compared the depreciation of the euro with U.S dollar so the U.S based earnings i.e to be reported by taking a reference from the consolidated income statement is to be reduced
Moreover, if a firm protect itself and wants to stabilize the earnings i.e to be reported so it would be done by selling the euros forwards in the market i.e foreign exchange
Panamint Systems Corporation is estimating activity costs associated with producing disk drives, tapes drives, and wire drives. The indirect labor can be traced to four separate activity pools. The budgeted activity cost and activity base data by product are provided below. Activity Cost Activity Base Procurement $317,500 Number of purchase orders Scheduling 217,400 Number of production orders Materials handling 429,500 Number of moves Product development 738,800 Number of engineering changes Production 1,506,700 Machine hours Number of Purchase Orders Number of Production Orders Number of Moves Number of Engineering Changes Machine Hours Number of Units Disk drives 3,860 300 1,330 15 1,800 2,500 Tape drives 2,500 135 740 7 8,300 3,600 Wire drives 12,600 790 4,100 30 10,200 2,500 The activity rate for the procurement activity cost pool is
Answer:
Panamint Systems Corporation
Activity rate for the procurement activity cost pool:
= Procurement/Number of purchase orders
= $317,500/18,960
= $16.75
Explanation:
a) Data:
Activity Pools Disk Drives Tape Drives Wire Drives
Number of Purchase Orders 3,860 2,500 12,600
Number of Production Orders 300 135 790
Number of Moves 1,330 740 4,100
Number of Engineering Changes 15 7 130
Machine Hours 1,800 8,300 10,200
Number of Units 2,500 3,600 2500
Activity rate for the procurement activity cost pool:
= Procurement/Number of purchase orders
= $317,500/18,960
= $16.75 per order
The Panamint Systems Corporation activity rate for the procurement activity cost pool is the total procurement cost divided by the number of purchase orders across the three product lines. This produces a rate for obtaining the procurement cost for each product line of disk drives, tapes drives, and wire drives, using the activity-based costing (ABC) system.
At December 31 of a recent year, the following information (in thousands) was available for sunglasses manufacturer Oakley, Inc.: ending inventory $155,377; beginning inventory $119,035; cost of goods sold $349,114; and sales revenue $761,865
Calculate the inventory turnover ratio for Oakley, Inc. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 5.12.)
Inventory turnover ratio times
Answer:
143.444 days
Explanation:
For the computation of inventory turnover ratio first we need to find out the average inventory and inventory turnover which is shown below:-
Average inventory
= (Ending inventory + Beginning inventory) ÷ 2
= ($155,377 + $119,035) ÷ 2
= $137,206
Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold ÷ Average Inventory
= $349,114 ÷ $137,206
= 2.5444 times
Days in Inventory = 365 ÷ Inventory Turnover
= 365 ÷ 2.5444
= 143.444 days
Mr. Torres has a small savings account. He would like to pay for his monthly Part D premiums with an automatic monthly withdrawal from his savings account until it is exhausted, and then have his premiums withheld from his Social Security check. What should you tell him?
Answer:
In general, Mr Torres must select a single Part D premium payment mechanism that will be used throughout the year.
Explanation:
Given the situation above, the best advice to give Mr. Torres, is that, all things being equal, it is imperative generally, that he must select a single Part D premium payment mechanism that will be used throughout the year.
This is because, it will be a lot easier, with less stress of constant monitoring his savings account and often time, it is more beneficial to use.
Euan manages product design and development at a toy company. The junior managers who report to him tell him that new complementors for the firm's products are available. What should Euan's reaction be? He should consult lawyers about the possibility of suing for copyright infringement. If the industry barriers to entry are low, he doesn't need to do anything. If the industry barriers to entry are high, he doesn't need to do anything. He needs to find out if his company as well as other companies can provide the complements.
Answer:
He needs to find out if his company as well as other companies can provide the complements.
Explanation:
The complementary products are the products that are used with the another product
Since in the question, it is mentioned that the new complementors are available for the firm products based on this the Euan reaction is that to determine his company and along with other company are providing the complements or not due to which he is able to analyze the level of competition
Hence, the last option is correct