Answer:
Springfield Company
The unpaid Employee Bonuses will have a journal entry as follows:
B) Debit Employee Bonus Expense $32,500; credit Bonus Payable $32,500.
Explanation:
Springfield Company had already incurred the bonus for the accounting period. It must be recognized as an expense in the year in accordance with the accrual concept and the matching principle of generally accepted accounting principles. These require that expenses must be recognized not on cash basis but on accrual basis and that any expense relating to an accounting period must be matched to revenue of that period.
Sperling Company's master budget shows expected sales of 10,000 units and expected production of 11,000 units for the month of March. Each unit requires 1/2 hour of direct labor. The direct labor rate is $15.00 per hour. Calculate the expected total direct labor cost fo
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Sales= 10,000 units
Production= 11,000
Standard hours= 0.5
Standard cost= $15
We can calculate the total direct labor cost and the direct labor cost regarding the cost of goods sold.
Total direct labor cost= (11,000*0.5)*15= $82,500
Direct labor for cogs= (10,000*0.5)*15= $75,000
Employers generally restrict or monitor the Internet activity of their employees because the increased use raises the company's ISP rates significantly. True False 4 Although unethical, there are currently no laws in the U.S. for actions such as hacking and sharing copyrighted material. True False 5 Employees who engage in telecommuting may find themselves working more hours, especially if their supervisor feels as if they are always "on the clock." True False 6 Most experts recommend that companies monitor their employees secretly in order to prevent workers from circumventing the technologies used to track them. True False 7 Copyright protection lasts 20 years after the date of publication or release. True False 8 A web developer creates and maintains websites for organizations. True False 9 A _________ excels when it comes to installing, configuring, and supporting computer systems. network administrator software engineer database administrator computer support specialist 10 Creative works such as books, songs, and photographs are protected by copyright law. True False
Answer:
1. False.
2. False.
3. True.
4. False.
5. False.
6. True.
7. Computer support specialist.
8. True.
Explanation:
1. Employers generally restrict or monitor the Internet activity of their employees because the increased use raises the company's ISP rates significantly: False because it is considered unethical under certain employee rights.
2. Although unethical, there are currently no laws in the U.S. for actions such as hacking and sharing copyrighted material: False because there is a computer fraud and abuse act in existence.
3. Employees who engage in telecommuting may find themselves working more hours, especially if their supervisor feels as if they are always "on the clock.": True
4. Most experts recommend that companies monitor their employees secretly in order to prevent workers from circumventing the technologies used to track them: False because it is not ethical and violates the fundamental rights of the employees.
5. Copyright protection lasts 20 years after the date of publication or release: False because a copyright protection is 95 years from date of publication or release and 120 years from creation.
6. A web developer creates and maintains websites for organizations: True
7. A computer support specialist excels when it comes to installing, configuring, and supporting computer systems.
8. Creative works such as books, songs, and photographs are protected by copyright law: True
Kim Nagele,senior sourcing manager at JCPenney,purchases tons of publication paper annually at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars.As described and inferred in the text,Mr.Nagele performs all of the following roles in the JCPenney buying center except which?
A) user
B) gatekeeper
C) influencer
D) buyer
E) decider
Answer: user
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Kim Nagele, senior sourcing manager at JCPenney buys tons of publication paper annually at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars.
Based on the above scenario, we can day that Kim Nagele performs the told of an influencer, gatekeeper, buyer anr the decider. He is not a user as he is not the one using the publication paper.
In practice, the cost minimization strategy can be more expensive than the opportunity maximization strategy. Which of the following is a way in which the cost minimization strategy is less expensive than the opportunity minimization strategy?
a. The loss of unexpected opportunities
b. The cost of extensive monitoring mechanisms
c. The costs of writing detailed contracts
d. The prevention of opportunistic behavior by the partner(s)
Explanation: the answer would be d
A subsidy will increase consumer and producer surplus in a market and will increase the quantity of trades. A subsidy (such as a subsidy for producing corn in the United States) can be considered inefficient because a subsidy results in a quantity:
Answer: higher than market equilibrium quantity where cost of supplying the unit is more than the willingness to pay
Explanation:
A subsidy is a sum of money that is given to a business or an organization by the government in order to increase the supply and also keep the prices low.
Therefore, a subsidy such as a subsidy for producing corn in the United States can be considered inefficient because a subsidy results in a quantity that is higher than market equilibrium quantity whereby cost of supplying the unit will exceed the willingness to pay.
There is a flexible exchange rate system and only two countries in the world, the United States and Mexico. If the inflation rate in the United States rises relative to the inflation rate in Mexico, it follows that:________.
Answer: If the inflation rate in the United States rises relative to the inflation rate in Mexico, it follows that: depreciation in the US dollars in terms of pesos.
Explanation:
Inflation is a rate at which the mean price level of a group of selected goods and services in an economy increases over a period of time.
A rise in inflation means that the cost of raw materials increases. Then, workers demand higher wages to survive with the higher cost of living. This rise in prices can also cause greater volatility and uncertainty.It cause the depreciation of the value of currency.If the inflation rate in the United States rises relative to the inflation rate in Mexico, it follows that depreciation in the value of US dollars in terms of pesos.
[Currency of Mexico = pesos]
Q 9.30: On December 1, 2016, Acme Company places a new asset into service. The cost of the asset is $50,000 with an estimated five-year life and $10,000 salvage value at the end of its useful life. What is the depreciation expense for 2017 if Acme Company uses the straight-line method of depreciation
Answer:
Annual depreciation 2017= $8,000
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
The cost of the asset is $50,000 with an estimated five-year life and $10,000 salvage value at the end of its useful life.
To calculate the depreciation expense under the straight-line method, we need to use the following formula:
Annual depreciation= (original cost - salvage value)/estimated life (years)
Annual depreciation= (50,000 - 10,000)/5
Annual depreciation= $8,000
Blue Wave Co. predicts the following unit sales for the coming four months:
September: 4,000 units
October: 5,000 units
November 7,000 units
December 7,600 units
The company's policy is to maintain finished goods inventory equal to 60% of the next month's sales. At the end of August, the company had 2,400 finished units on hand.
Prepare a production budget for each of the months of September, October, November, and December.
Answer and Explanation:
The Preparation of production budget for each of the months of September, October, November, and December is shown below:-
Month September October November
Next Month's
sales in units) 5,000 7,000 7,600
Percentage for ending
inventory 60% 60% 60%
Ending inventory 3,000 4,200 4,560
Add: Units expected
to be sold 4,000 5,000 7,000
Total requirements
in units 7,000 9,200 11,560
Less: beginning
inventory 2,400 3,000 4,200
Units to be
produced 4,600 6,200 7,360
The ending inventory of last month should be the beginning of next month inventory
On December 31, 2018, Gardner Company holds debt securities classified as HTM with a face amount of $100,000 and a carrying value of $95,000. The bonds have an effective interest rate of 6% and pay interest of $2,500 semi-annually on June 30 and December 31. The effective interest revenue recognized for the six months ended December 31, 2018 is:
Answer:
$2,850
Explanation:
Given the following :
Face value of security = $100,000
Carrying value = $95,000
Effective interest rate = 6%
Interest paid semianually = $2500
The effective interest revenue recognized for the six months ended December 31, 2018 is:
IF effective interest rate = 6%
Semiannual interest = 6% / 2 = 3%
Therefore effective interest revenue for six months will be the product of the carrying value and the interest rate within the six months period :
3% = 0.03
0.03 * $95,000 = $2,850
Which of the following is a primary feature of the five forces model? It views competition within an industry broadly to include forces such as buyers, suppliers, and the threat of substitutes. It takes into account a firm's internal resources, capabilities, and core competencies. It helps managers determine the changing speed of an industry or the rate of innovation. It is concerned exclusively about the intensity of rivalry among direct competitors.
Answer:
It views competition within an industry broadly to include forces such as buyers, suppliers, and the threat of substitutes.
Explanation:
The five forces model was developed by Harvard Professor Michael Porter, and it is a broad model of firm competition that takes into account 5 forces: buyer power, supplier power, threat of new entry, threat of substitutes, and competitive rivalry.
The power of suppliers and buyers lies mainly in how many suppliers and buyers exist in the market, because the more participants in a market, the less likely a firm will have market power.
The threat of substitutes is simply the quantity of substitute goods that are present in the market.
Marcus is a self-employed marketing consultant. He is good at helping his clients with their marketing challenges; however, he is not keeping up with billing his clients regularly or keeping track of his hours. He feels like the time he spends on these functions is taking him away from activities where he has more talent and ability. His small business needs to bill clients quickly to keep the business running. What would you recommend Marcus do?
Answer:
To outsource the accounting function to another firm.
Explanation:
Outsourcing: Outsourcing refers to a process in which the business is able to perform its work with the help of an outside firm that means they provide the work to the other firm so that the company could able to save the cost and time
Since in the question it is given that Marcus spending much time and away him from that work where he has more talent and ability. So to fulfill the business needs the outsourcing option is the best recommended.
Nash's Trading Post, LLC had an increase in inventory of $88800. The cost of goods sold was $414400. There was a $22200 decrease in accounts payable from the prior period. Using the direct method of reporting cash flows from operating activities, what were Nash's's cash payments to suppliers?
Answer: $525,400
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Nash's Trading Post, LLC had an increase in inventory of $88800, the cost of goods sold was $414400 and that there was a $22200 decrease in accounts payable from the prior period.
Using the direct method of reporting cash flows from operating activities, Nash's's cash payments to the suppliers will be:
= $88,800 + $414400 + $22200
= $525,400
The two best signs of good strategy execution are whether: the company is challenging its current performance targets and whether value chain activities are fully integrated within the strategic response criteria. managers are personally leading the change process and whether they are meeting deadlines set for budgetary requirements. the company is meeting or beating its performance targets and whether it is performing value chain activities in a manner that is conducive to companywide operating excellence. managers are fully behind the changes and whether the company's value chain managers are executing them diligently. the company identifies what the organization must do and how to make the necessary internal changes.
Answer: the company is meeting or beating its performance targets and whether it is performing value chain activities in a manner that is conducive to companywide operating excellence.
Explanation:
The execution of a good strategy requires a team effort with every managers using their authority to ensure that all the workers under them take active part in the execution of the strategy.
The two best signs of good strategy execution are whether the company is meeting or beating its performance targets and also whether the company is performing value chain activities in a manner which is conducive to companywide operating excellence.
If the price of biscuit per packet increased from N250 to N500 and the quantity bought per week decreased from 300 to 200 packets, determine the elasticity of demand for biscuit.
Answer:
The the elasticity of demand for biscuit is -0.33.
Explanation:
Elasticity demand is the degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded for a commodity to a change in the price of that commodity.
The elasticity of demand for biscuit can be calculated using the following elasticity of demand formula:
Elasticity of demand = Percentage change in Qd / Percentage change in price .................. (1)
Where Qd denotes quantity demanded.
Percentage change in Qd = [(New Quantity - Old Quantity) / Old quantity] * 100 = [(200 - 300) / 300] * 100 = -33.33%
Percentage change in price = [(New price - Old price) / Old price] * 100 = [(N500 - N250) / N250] * 100 = 100%
Substituting the values into equation (1), we have:
Elasticity of demand = -33.33% / 100% = - 0.33
Therefore, the the elasticity of demand for biscuit is -0.33.
Note that since -0.33 in absolute term |-0.33| is less than 1, the demand for biscuit is inelastic. That is, the change in the quantity demanded for biscuit responds less than the change in its price.
Dairy Farm enters into a contract with EZ Serve Ice Cream Company to supply milk. Later, Dairy decides that it is no longer advantageous to fulfill the contract and subsequently fails to perform as promised. EZ files a suit against Dairy. A breach of contract occurred when:_________
A) Dairy entered into a contract with EZ.
B) Dairy decided that it was not advantageous to fulfill the contract.
C) Dairy failed to perform the acts promised in the contract.
D) EZ filed a suit against Dairy.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A breach of contract occurs when one of the parties to a contract decides not to honor all or some of the terms spelled out in the contract. In other words, a breach of contract occurs when actionable terms in the contract are neglected by one of the parties to the contract.
The actionable term in the contract signed by both Diary Farm and EZ Serve Ice Cream Company is for Diary Farm to supply milk to EZ Serve Ice Cream Company. Hence, not supplying milk as agreed represents a breach of the contract, all other things being equal.
Correct option: C
J&R Renovation, Inc., is trying to determine its cost of debt. The firm has a debt issue outstanding with 20 years to maturity that is quoted at 107 % of face value. The issue makes semi-annual payments and has a coupon rate of 9 % annually.
A. What is the company's pretax cost of debt?
B. If the tax rate is 35 %, what is the aftertax cost of debt?
Answer:
a) 8.36%
b) 5.43%
Explanation:
to find the pretax cost of debt we must find the yield to maturity:
YTM = {coupon + [(face value - market value) / n]} / [(face value + market value) / 2]
YTM = {45 + [(1,000 - 1,070) / 40]} / [(1,000 + 1,070) / 2] = 43.25 / 1,035 = 0.04178 x 2 = 0.08357 = 8.36%
after tax cost of debt = 8.36% x (1 - 35%) = 8.36% x 0.65 = 5.43%
Daniella is a manager in a big data management company. Based on her sharp management skills, she has the highest number of people assigned under her. Thus, Daniella is in charge of supervising a total number of 35 employees of the company. In this scenario, the number of employees assigned to Daniella refers to her _____.
Answer:
Span of control.
Explanation:
Daniella is a manager in a big data management company. Based on her sharp management skills, she has the highest number of people assigned under her. Thus, Daniella is in charge of supervising a total number of 35 employees of the company. In this scenario, the number of employees assigned to Daniella refers to her span of control.
A span of control can be defined as the number of people (employees or workers), functions, activities which are being directly controlled effectively and efficiently by a manager in an organization.
Hence, Daniella is responsible for the functions of the 35 employees under her.
In How Economics Saved Christmas, economist Art Carden retold the Dr. Seuss story of the Grinch who hated Christmas and stole the decorations, food, and presents from neighboring Whoville. Complete this passage from Carden's poem: He reached for his textbooks; he knew what to do He'd fight them with ideas from A.C. Pigou This idea has merit, he thought in the frost A ____ that was equal to _____ cost
Complete/Correct Question:
In How Economics Saved Christmas, economist Art Carden retold the Dr. Seuss story of the Grinch who hated Christmas and stole the decorations, food, and presents from neighboring Whoville. Complete this passage from Carden's poem:
He reached for his textbooks; he knew what to do
He'd fight them with ideas from A.C. Pigou
This idea has merit, he thought in the frost
A ____ that was equal to _____ cost
A) subsidy, social
B) subsidy, private
C) tax, total
D) tax, external
Answer:
D. tax, external
Explanation:
He reached for his textboks; he knew what to do
He'd fight them with ideas from A.C. Pigou
This idea has merit, he thought to in the frost
A tax that was equal to external cost
Cheers
Marco was a furniture buyer for Wellart Department Stores. Marco was authorized to enter into contracts worth up to $50,000. Marco entered into a contract with Frank's Furniture to purchase $100,000 worth of dining room furniture. If Wellart refuses to honor the contract and Frank's sues:
Answer:
Frank's will win, as Marco had implied and/or apparent authority.
Explanation:
Frank's will win, as Marco had implied and/or apparent authority.
Express authority is the authority which the principal has expressly given to the agent whether in a written or orally form.
Implied authority ( it can as well be described as usual authority) is the authority of an agent to acts which are reasonably incidental to and necessary for the effective performance of his duties.
So relating the above to the situation at hand, Mark acted based on the authority given to him by Wellart Department Stores. It was an implied authority.
An internal control system consists of all policies and procedures used to protect assets, ensure reliable accounting, promote efficient operations, and urge adherence to company policies. Evaluate each of the following statements and indicate which are true and which are false regarding the objectives of an internal control system.
1. Separation of recordkeeping for assets from the custody over assets is intended to reduce theft and fraud.
2. The primary objective of internal control procedures is to safeguard the business against theft from government agencies.
3. The main objective of internal control procedures is best accomplished by designing an operational system with managerial policies that protect the assets from waste, fraud, and theft.
4. Separating the responsibility for a transaction between two or more individuals or departments will not help prevent someone from creating a fictitious invoice and paying the money to herself or himself.
Answer:
Explanation:
1. True
Separation of record keeping for assets from custody over assets in custody over assets reduces theft and fraud . except in a case of collusion.
Fraud and theft of assets can be easily perpetrated and covered up when an individual combines the role.
2. False
Internal control focuses more on the internal operation of an organization rather than the external. Even though it can still be of impact in checking the excesses of external parties like the government agencies , but that is not its primary objective
3.True
Internal control's main objectives can be best accomplished when there is an operational system with managerial policies that protect waste , fraud and theft , being the major factors targeted to control
4.False
Separating the responsibility for a transaction between two or more individuals or departments is a major way of preventing creation of fictitious invoices and payment as it could have easily be detected if different individuals are involved in approval and payment of invoices.
Haver Company currently produces component RX5 for its sole product. The current cost per unit to manufacture the required 65,000 units of RX5 follows. Direct materials $ 5.00 Direct labor 9.00 Overhead 10.00 Total costs per unit $ 24.00 Direct materials and direct labor are 100% variable. Overhead is 80% fixed. An outside supplier has offered to supply the 65,000 units of RX5 for $18.00 per unit. Required: 1. Determine the total incremental cost of making 65,000 units of RX5. 2. Determine the total incremental cost of buying 65,000 units of RX5. 3. Should the company make or buy RX5
Answer:
1. The total incremental cost of making 65,000 units of RX5
Total Direct Material + Total direct Labour + Variable Overhead cost
Total Direct Material = 65,000 units * $5 = $325,000
Total Direct Labour = 65,000 units * $9 = $585,000
Variable Overhead cost = $65,000 * 10 = $650,000. $650,000 *(1- 80%) = $650,000 *20% = $130,000
Hence, The total incremental cost of making = $325,000 + $585,000 + $130,000 = $1,040,000
2. The total incremental cost of buying 65,000 units of RX5 =
The cost to buy the units = 65,000 units * $18 = $1,170,000
3. The company should be making the RX5 because the total cost of making the 65,000 unit of RX5 is lesser than cost of buying the 65,000 units of RX5
A Notary Signing Agent consistently follows the practice of obtaining borrowers’ thumbprints in his or her journal, but is commissioned in a state that does not require journal thumbprints. A borrower has complied with all other notarization requirements, but objects to leaving her thumbprint in the journal. What should the Notary Signing Agent do?
Answer:
the Notary Signing Agent should just complete the Signing assignment
Explanation:
In this specific scenario, the Notary Signing Agent should just complete the Signing assignment. This is mainly due to the fact that the Notary agent is commissioned in a state that does not require journal thumbprints, therefore since the borrower has all the correct paperwork requirements the Notary agent would not be breaking any laws by completing the signing assignment, even though it breaks his consistent practice.
Judith George makes an offer to sell a plot of land using a normal letter and states no authorized means by which the offeree, Helga Holmes must respond if she accepts. If Helga accepts the offer using a normal letter, which of the following is true?
A. The acceptance is effective upon dispatch.
B. The acceptance is effective when it is received.
C. The offer is invalid because it fails to stipulate the means of acceptance.
D. The acceptance would be effective upon dispatch even if the means of acceptance is unreasonable.
Answer: A. The acceptance is effective upon dispatch.
Explanation:
According to mail box rule, an offeree mails out both an acceptance and a rejection to the offeror by giving to statements: (i) an acceptance is effective upon dispatch (means offeree decides to accept) or (ii) a rejection is effective upon receipt.(means offeree decides to reject)
Here, Judith George → offeror
Helga Holmes → offeree
If Helga accepts the offer using a normal letter, the correct statement would be :
A. The acceptance is effective upon dispatch.
Courington Detailing's cost formula for its materials and supplies is $1,880 per month plus $7 per vehicle. For the month of August, the company planned for activity of 83 vehicles, but the actual level of activity was 48 vehicles. The actual materials and supplies for the month was $2,350. The activity variance for materials and supplies in August would be closest to
Answer:
$2,216
Explanation:
Cost formula for flexible budget= $1880 + $7 per vehicle
Actual level of activity= 48 vehicle
Materials and supplies in the flexible budget for August= $1,880 per month + ($7 * 48 vehicles)
$1,880 + $336
= $2,216
A young chef is considering opening his own sushi bar. To do so, he would have to quit his current job, which pays $30,000 a year, and take over a restaurant space that he owns and currently rents to his brother for $24,000 a year. His expenses at the sushi bar would be $50,000 for food and $2,000 for gas and electricity. What are his explicit costs?
Answer:
$106,000
Explanation:
The computation of explicit costs is shown below:-
Implicit costs = Paid amount in a year + Rent amount
= $30,000 + $24,000
= $54,000
Explicit costs = Expenses amount for food + Expenses amount for gas and electricity
= $50,000 + $2,000
= $52,000
Total amount = Implicit costs + Explicit costs
= $54,000 + $52,000
= $106,000
Therefore we have applied the above formula.
Markus Company sells 1,000 bonds of its debt investment in Berta Inc. for $20,000. The original cost of the 1,000 bonds was $18,000. During the prior year, the bonds were reported on the balance sheet at a fair value of $19,000. Assume the investment was accounted for as available-for-sale and all unrealized holding gains and losses have been reversed. The journal entry to record the sale of the bonds should include these credits:
Answer:
To Investment i.e available for sale $18,000
To Gain on sale of an investment $2,000
Explanation:
The journal entry for the sale of the bond is shown below:
Cash Dr $20,000
To Investment i.e available for sale $18,000
To Gain on sale of an investment $2,000
(Being the sale of the bond is recorded)
For recording this we debited the cash as it increased the assets and credited the investment and gain on sale of investment so that the proper posting could be done
Golden Company has a binding commitment from another company to purchase its copyright at the end of the asset's useful life. The agreed upon amount is $150,000. When calculating copyright amortization, Golden Company should utilize a residual value of
Answer:
$150,000
Explanation:
Given an intangible asset like a copyright, it is amortized using the straight-line method, thus, to determine the amount of amortization in a given year, the formula is to divide the copyright's value by the length of its useful life.
However, in this case, since the Golden Company has a binding commitment from another company to purchase its copyright AT THE END of the asset's USEFUL LIFE, then, the value of the copyright equals zero.
What this simply means is that, when calculating copyright amortization, Golden Company should utilize a residual value of $150,000, because the value of the copyright at that moment equals zero.
Tanya is a manager who has the ability to understand and gauge the moods and feelings of her employees with little difficulty. Tanya displays high emotional intelligence. negative affectivity. organizational socialization. introversion. organizational integration.
Answer: emotional intelligence
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Tanya is a manager who has the ability to understand and gauge the moods and feelings of her employees with little difficulty.
The above scenario shows that Tanya has high emotional intelligence because she can read the emotions ad feelings of her employees and use that in judging them appropriately.
Tony borrrows $20 000. He aggrees to repay this loan with 15 equal annual payments with the first payment to commence at the end of 5 years. The annual effective rate of interest on the loan is 4%. calculate the amount of annual payments
Answer:
The amount of annual payments is $2,400.
Explanation:
Given that Tony has obtained a loan for $ 20,000 at an interest rate of 4% per year, and that he has agreed to pay said loan from 15 annual payments beginning after the end of 5 years, we can say that said interest rate will apply to 20 years (the initial 5 without payment, plus the 15 in which Tony will make annual payments). Thus, a final interest of 80% should be applied to the initial sum, which arises from the multiplication of the years by the annual interest rate (20 x 4).
Thus, to the initial amount of $ 20,000 will be added an interest of $ 16,000 (20,000 x 0.8), totaling an amount to be paid of $ 36,000. Then, since that amount will be paid in 15 annual payments, each of those payments will be made for a value of $ 2,400 (36,000 / 15).
In comparison to salespersons at low performing organizations, salespersons at high performing organizations: Group of answer choices spend more time developing low potential customers into higher potential customers focus more carefully on administration duties. spend more time with their best potential customers always work in teams
Answer:
The correct answer is: spend more time with their best potential customers always work in teams
Explanation:
Salespeople from high-performance organizations differ from salespeople in low-performance organizations in that they focus on their best customers and develop teamwork.
This strategy of focusing on the potential customer consists of establishing relationship marketing.
That is, direct your efforts to build a relationship with the consumer, which is the key to creating value for a brand.
The creation of a relationship with the consumer consists of offering products and services totally aligned to their needs and desires, to offer a more personalized and effective service to increase the perception of the brand and position it in the market.
Teamwork is also essential in a high-performance organization, as it creates a positive organizational culture focused on the development of ideas, creativity and innovation, essential to offer an efficient and effective sales service.