Pedigrees are used to help geneticists understand how traits are inherited between generations. The Romanovs, a Russian royal family, had a history of hemophilia, a sex-linked disorder that is determined by a recessive allele on the X chromosome.
A genetic pedigree is shown. Irene is a carrier. Her husband is not a carrier. Her children Waldemar and Henry have hemophilia.
What is the best evidence to prove that Irene was heterozygous for hemophilia?
Alice carried the recessive allele.
Alexandra carried the recessive allele.
Frederick carried the recessive allele.
Waldemar carried the recessive allele.
Answers
Answer:
Waldemar carried the recessive allele.
Explanation:
The carrier is the individual that has the affected allele or mutation but does not express the trait, or might express it in different levels. Although, as the person carries the mutation, she or he might transmit the genetic mutation associated with a disease to the progeny. In general, these diseases are inherited as recessive traits.
So, in the exposed example we know that:
hemophilia is a sex-linked disorderhemophilia is determined by a recessive allele on the X chromosome.Irene is a carrier.Her husband is not a carrier.Her children Waldemar and Henry have hemophilia.If Irene is a carrier, this means that she is heterozygous and that her genotype is X⁺X⁻ (Being the symbol + the dominant allele, and - the recessive one for that expresses the trait)
The fact that Irene´s husband is not a carrier means that his genotype is X⁺Y
Their boys Waldemar and Henry have hemophilia, so both their genotypes are X⁻Y
The best evidence to prove that Irene was heterozygous for hemophilia is that Alice carried the recessive allele.
Alice is Irene´s Mother, and she is a carrier as well. Irene´s father, Louis, is not a carrier, so she could have inherited a dominant allele from her father and a recessive allele from her mother, X⁺X⁻, or she could have inherited two dominant alleles from both her parents X⁺X⁺. This is not proof enough of Irene being heterozygous. The fact that Alexandra, Irene´s sister, was also a carrier does not say anything about Irene´s genotype, because they could both share the same genotype or not. This is not proof of Irene being heterozygous.Frederick (her brother) was hemophilic. He received a recessive allele from Alice, but this does not say anything about Irene´s genotype. The fact that Waldemar (her son) was hemophilic, is the best evidence to prove that Irene was heterozygous for hemophilia. Walderman received the Y chromosome from his father and an X chromosome from his mother. The X chromosome that he received from his mother carried the recessive allele for the trait, and this is why he had hemophilia. This means that there is no best evidence for Irene´s genotype than her son´s genotype.
Related Questions
In the newly engineered cell created by the researchers at the JCVI, what was derived from a previous cell, partially supporting one aspect of cell theory?
Answers
Answer:
Cells can only derive from pre-existing cells.
Explanation:
The cell theory has three major postulates: 1-all organisms are composed of cells, 2-the cells are the basic unit of all living forms, and 3-the cells derive from pre-existing cells. In 2010, the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) designed in the laboratory a synthetic bacterium that is able to auto replicate himself, and thereby supporting the third statement of the cell theory. This bacterium was named as Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0 and its creation represented a milestone in synthetic biology. M. mycoides is a bacterium that has only 473 genes coded by 531,000 bases pairs (bp), this being one of the smallest genomes of all living forms.
A hypothetical Island lies far from any other landmasses. There are many different types of plants, but only one animal, a beetle plant and feed by chewing leaves. Given that the beetle is not exploiting all the resources on the island, which morphologic trigger an adaptive radiation of the beetles?
Answers
Answer:
a mouthpart that can pierce fruits and seeds
Explanation:
An adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms. That being said the most likely morphological change that would trigger this would be a mouthpart that can pierce fruits and seeds. This new change would allow the beetles to consume most of the different resources that the island has to offer such as the different types of plants and fruits which were previously inaccessible to the beetles.
At birth,the skin is covered by
Answers
Answer:
Vernix Caseosa
Explanation:
it's a waxy white substance that covers the babies skin.
Answer:
The skin is covered by VERNIX CASEOSA.
Explanation:
A waxy cheese like white substance.
This is produced by dedicated cells and have some protective roles during fetal development.
In many states, the legal limit for all bacteria present in pasteurized milk is not to exceed 20,000 CFU/mL. You have been away on vacation and left an unopened plastic jug of milk in your refrigerator. The "Sell By" date was three days ago. Instead of throwing it out, you decide to test it using your eScience Microbiology Kit. Here are your results for a "countable" plate in your serial dilutions: 186 colonies on a plate where the dilution factor was 1 x 10-4 and the volume that you plated was 1 mL. (20 points)
a. How many bacteria are present in 1 mL of this milk?
b. Is this milk safe to drink by Public Health standards?
Answers
Answer:
a. The formula for finding the number of colonies in a given volume is,
CFU/ml, here CFU is the colony forming units or the number of colonies formed in a volume plated in ml × dilution
The dilution factor given in the question is 1 × 10⁻⁴ and the number of colonies given is 186. Therefore, the number of bacteria present in the given 1 ml of the milk is,
CFU/ ml = 186 / 1 × 10⁻⁴ = 186 × 10⁴.
Hence, the concentration of bacteria in the milk is 186 × 10⁴ CFU/ml.
b) The limit of the bacterial concentration in the pasteurized milk is 20000 CFU/ml, however, it can be seen that the sample of the milk possess more concentration of bacteria than the desired value. Therefore, the milk is not safe to drink by Public Health Standards.
ASAP Mitosis and Meiosis have all of the following in common, except: A. Both duplicate their DNA first B. Both result in cell division C. Both have chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell D. Both result in genetically identical daughter cells
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
they both produce daughter haploid cells.
Mitosis and Meiosis have all of the following in common, except both results in genetically identical daughter cells. Thus, the correct option is D.
What is Meiosis?Meiosis may be defined as the type of cell division that forms four daughter cells that are haploid in nature from a parental cell. It is also known as reductional division.
The common methods of both types of cell division are both duplicate their DNA first, both result in cell division, and both have chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
Mitosis is only the type of cell division that results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is D.
To learn more about Mitosis and meiosis, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/88103
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What are 4 questions to understand behavior
Answers
Explanation:
1. What u like doing
2. What u dislike
3. What easily gets u angry
4. What makes u happy
That's how I understand it
Why is oceanic crust subducted under continental crust?
A. Oceanic crust is moving faster than continental crust.
B. Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust.
C. Oceanic crust is less dense than continental crust.
D. Oceanic crust is older than continental crust.
Answers
Answer:
B.) Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust.
Explanation:
Oceanic crust is denser, so it is subducted under the continental crust. The less dense magma then rises up through the continental crust, then it's further increasing the size of the continental crust and then maintaining it's lower density than the oceanic crust, which then causes subduction.
I hope this helped. I am sorry if you get this wrong.
Answer:
B.) Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust.
Explanation:
I just did it and got it right :)
What material is compressed underground to form fossil fuels?
O A. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
B. Dead plants and animals
C. Greenhouse gases
O D. Water and ice
Answers
Answer:
b
Explanation:
A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing organic molecules originating in ancient photosynthesis that release energy in combustion.
Answer:
b,2
Explanation:
b,2
Which describes oxygen content as Earth evolved over time? Oxygen levels sharply declined about 400 million years ago. Oxygen levels stay above 15 percent starting 200 million years ago Oxygen levels remain below 5 percent starting 1000 million years ago. Oxygen levels raise significantly between 1000 and 700 million years ago.
Answers
Answer:
Oxygen levels stay above 15 percent starting 200 million years ago
Explanation:
Atmospheric oxygen levels are related to the evolution on Earth and changes in geochemical cycles that involve climate variations.
The presence of O 2 and evolution of oxygen gave new opportunities to the life on Earth. Oxygen levels in atmosphere have fluctuated between 15% and 35% of atmospheric volume, since the start of the Cambrian period.
So, form the starting 200 million years ago, oxygen level stay above 15 percent and the correct option is "B".
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Ostriches can evade predators by running away on their powerful legs.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
T
F
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
When threatened, ostriches run away, but they can cause serious injury and death with kicks from their powerful legs. Contrary to popular belief, ostriches do not bury their heads in sand to avoid danger. This defensive behavior of lying low, so that they may appear from a distance to have their head buried.
Each statement below describes either the bacteriophage lytic cycle, the bacteriophage lysogenic cycle, or applies to both the lytic and lysogenic cycles. Drag each statement to the correct bin.
1) Phage DNA is replicated along with the bacterial chromosome during cell
2) Phage attaches to host cell Bacterial chromosome is degraded.
3) Phage injects its DNA into the host cell. division.
4) Phage DNA is integrated into host cell Bacterial cell survives and divides.
5) Phage DNA is packaged into phage heads. chromosome
6) Phage DNA is transcribed and translated to make new phage particles.
7) Bacterial cell lyses, releasing phage particles
8) Phage chromosome circularizes
A. Lytic cycle
B. Lysogenic cycle
C. Both the lytic and lysogenic cycles
Answers
Answer:
The correct statements are sorted under respective life cycles below:
Explanation:
A. Lytic cycle:
Bacterial chromosome is degraded.
5) Phage DNA is packaged into phage heads.
6) Phage DNA is transcribed and translated to make new phage particles.
7) Bacterial cell lyses, releasing phage particles
B. Lysogenic cycle
1) Phage DNA is replicated along with the bacterial chromosome during cell division.
4) Phage DNA is integrated into host cell, and Bacterial cell survives and divides
C. Both the lytic and lysogenic cycles:
8) Phage chromosome circularizes
2) Phage attaches to host cell
3) Phage injects its DNA into the host cell.
A particular cell has half as much DNA as some other cells in a mitotically active tissue. The cell in question is most likely in Group of answer choices
Answers
Answer:
This question is incomplete. Group of answer choices are:
A. G1
B. G2
C. Prophase
D. Metaphase
E. Anaphase
The correct answer is A.
Explanation:
The G1 phase (Gap 1 phase) is the period of the cell cycle from the time a cell is born until the S phase begins. When the G1 phase begins (just after the division of the stem cell) the size of the newly originated cell is half of its normal size, and the cell must grow to reach it. For this, in this period, RNA and proteins are actively synthesized. During this period, the cell has only the amount of DNA that it has received from its progenitor and each chromosome is made up of a single chromatid, since DNA replication has not yet occurred.
Which of the following explains the process of evolution?
-a process of change in a population through genetic variation over time
-the genetic variation within a species
-a change in one species that results from a change in a different species with which it int
Answers
Answer:
1st option
Explanation:
they adapt throught genetic variations
Question 14 (5 points)
Which of the following is not a component of blood
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Pulmonary fluid
Answers
Answer:
d
Explanation:
Blood usually contain, white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
Hope this helps:)
Answer: A, a clear fluid that carries proteins, water, white blood cells, fat, dead cells, and toxins that drain from the fluid between the cells of the body
Explanation:
edge 2021
Read the following scenarios and indicate which of the following processes they describe.
1. Sodium ions (Na ) move through sodium channels in a synthetic membrane.
2. Sodium molecules move randomly around a solution of sodium chloride in water, frequently colliding with other sodium ions and chloride ions.
3. Water molecules move into the cytosol of a cell placed in a hypotonic solution.
4. Water molecules move into the cytosol of a cell placed in pure water.
5. The action of sodium-potassium pumps moves sodium ions (Na ) out of a cell and potassium ions (K ) into a cell. The action of sodium-potassium pumps moves sodium ions (Na ) out of a cell and potassium ions (K ) into a cell. The action of sodium-potassium pumps moves sodium ions (Na ) out of a cell and potassium ions (K ) into a cell.
6. Glucose molecules move into cells lining the intestine against their concentration gradient driven by the movement of sodium ions (Na ) into the cells down their concentration gradient.
Answers
1.facilitated diffusion
2.diffusion
3.osmosis
4.osmosis
5.active transport
6.cotransport
what is an example of facilitated diffusion
Answers
Answer:
Fructose
glucose
some of the Aminoacids
10 male reproductive organs
Answers
-scrotum
-testes
-epididymis
-vas deferens
-prostate
-seminal vesicles
-erectile tissue
-perineum
-testosterone
Which list below describes a possible path of rain through the water cycle? (2 points) Group of answer choices Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff Runoff, ocean storage, evaporation, condensation Transpiration, condensation, precipitation, runoff Evaporation, precipitation, runoff, lake storage
Answers
Answer:
evaporation,condensation,precipitation,runoff
Answer:Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff
PLS PLS PLS HELP Other than distance from the sun, which factor affects the temperature of a planet? (not just earth) Explain your answer in complete sentences.
Answers
Answer:
Another factor besides distance from the sun would be "atmospheric composition".
Explanation:
Other than distance from the sun, atmospheric composition affects the temperature of a planet. Atmospheric composition is the amount of energy that gets to the exterior of a planet. The energy that gets to the exterior of a planet, affects the temperature.
You are the microbiologist in charge of reading the Gram stain for this case. You observe Gram positive cocci, epithelial cells, and neutrophils. List at least two genera of clinically significant bacteria that are consistent with your observations.
Answers
Answer:
The genera include...
Mycobacterium
Actinomyces.
Explanation:
The genera Actinomyces and mycobacterium show significant observation of gram positive bacteria because they test positive and give a violet or purple color under microscope when the undergo gram staining which is which uses crystal violet due. They are able to retain the violet color due to their posses of thick peptidoglylcan cell wall.
Actinomyces spp. Of the general actinomyces play an important role in soil ecology, and some species are human pathogens that cause diseases.
Mycobacterium genera example is bacilli which is covered with a mycolic acid coat. This waxy coat protects the bacteria from antibiotics, prevents them from destruction and hinder the penetration by Gram stain reagents. They cause different infectious diseases in humans.
Some organisms are made of single cells and live in the hot acidic environment of deep ocean vents.
Some organisms are single cells and live one the surface of your skin.
And there are small multicellular organisms that make fuzzy circular growth on old bread.
And of course, roses with pretty flowers are organisms.
And whales.
That’s a lot of diversity. So let’s say I think those creatures are just so different that they just couldn’t ALL be related to each other. Using specific traits, convince me that all of these organisms can be traced back to a common ancestor. (At least 6 well-chosen traits required for full credit.)
Write your answer in the essay space.
Answers
Answer:
All organisms are composed of cells that share a structural organization and play roles in similar biological processes.
Explanation:
All living organisms can be grouped in terms of cellular organization, functioning, and structure. These features enable us to define them as “subjects” of life. Organisms share basic biological mechanisms such as, among others, growth, homeostasis, development, energy processing, reproduction, etc. Moreover, life is also defined by the presence of essential biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids. Finally, the cell is considered to be the basic unit of every life form, and organisms may be formed by one (unicellular) or more cells (multicellular). The fundamental feature of the cell is the presence of a membrane that separates it from the external environment, thereby defining its internal environment.
Barney gets divorced after his wife finds out that he is having an extramarital affair with another woman. After the divorce, Barney finds it extremely difficult to cope with life as he realizes that he has lost a good partner who always supported him. According to E. Mavis Hetherington's research, Barney would most likely be categorized as a(n)
Answers
The options are missing in this question; here are the options:
According to E. Mavis Hetherington's research, Barney would most likely be categorized as a(n)
A) defeated
B) competent loner
C) enhancer
D) good-enough
The answer to this question is A) defeated
Explanation:
E. Mavis Hetherington is an important Canadian psychologist mainly known for studying divorce and the effects of it. About this, the psychologist proposed divorce is a complex process and has a great impact on those involved. In the case of the spouses, E. Mavis Hetherington proposes four main styles spouses might acquire after divorces such as competent loner, defeated, enhancer, etc.
In the category of defeated this psychologist includes those that do not cope with life after divorce, instead, they experience depression, loneliness, regrets, and other negative feelings, which stop them from thinking positively about the future or adapting to their situation. This category describes Barney because after divorce he feels regretful and depressed; also, he has great difficulty to cope with life or adapt to the situation.
Which is the pair of the enzyme activities most significantly affected by glucagon- and insulin-dependent phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB)?
a. hexokinas ::::: glucose-6-phosphatase
b. phosphofructokinase ::::: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
c. pyruvate kinase :::::: pyruvate carboxylase
d. glycogen synthase ::::: glycogen phosphorylase
e. None of these
Answers
Answer:
b. Phosphofructokinase; Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
Explanation:
Glucagon is a hormone which functions to initiate gluconeogenesis whwreas insulin functions to initiate glycolysis.
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F26BP) is an allosteric regulator of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-1).
It stimulates glycolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis by binding to its allosteric site on phosphofructokinase-1 reducing its affinity for the allosteric inhibitors ATP and citrate .
It is formed by phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate catalyzed by phosphofructokinase-2 and is broken down by fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase which are two separate enzymatic activities of a single, bifunctional protein (PFK-2/FBPase-2).
Phosphorylation of PFK-2/FBPase-2 due to glucagon release enhances its FBPase-2 activity thereby stimulating gluconeogenesis and inhibiting glycolysis.
Dephosphsorylation of PFK-2/FBPase-2 due to insulin release enhances its PFK-2 activity, thereby stimulating glycolysis and inhibiting gluconeogenesis.
Why do organisms go through the process of meiosis?
Answers
Answer:
Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction and therefore occurs in all eukaryotes (including single-celled organisms) that reproduce sexually. ... These resultant haploid cells can fuse with other haploid cells of the opposite sex or mating type during fertilization to create a new diploid cell, or zygote.
Explanation:
State the monosaccharaides that form these isaccharides
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Well the question was a little unclear, but for disaccharides:
(alpha) Glucose + (alpha) Glucose = Maltose
(alpha) Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose
(alpha) Glucose + Galactose = Lactose
In DNA and RNA, a nitrogen base, sugar, and phosphate groups together are called a
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
In DNA and RNA, a nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate groups together are called a nucleotide.
Mark me as brainliest if u liked my answer
Answer:
nucleotide
In DNA and RNA, a nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate groups together are called a nucleotide. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful.
Explanation:
Which of the following could be discovered by studying the gross anatomy of a cadaver?
The function of cells within the body
The types of cells within each organ
The function of the body's organs and systems
The structure of the body's organs and systems
Answers
Answer:
The structure of the body's organs and systems
Explanation:
In medicine, a cadaver is a dead human body dissected in order to study its anatomical structure. It is employed by medical students and other medical practitioners to study the structure of the human body.
Anatomy is a branch of science that has to do with the study of the structure of living organisms. Relating anatomy to cadaver, these dead bodies are dissected in order to view and study the structure of the different compartments of the body e.g organs, systems etc.
While you are running and approaching your first mile, oxidation of free fatty acids is taking place at the cellular level, allowing you to continue running.
a) anaerobic metabolism
b) aerobic metabolism
c) lactic acid metabolism
Answers
answer
B) aerobic metabolism
(Aerobic metabolism is the way your body creates energy through the combustion of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fats in the presence of oxygen. Combustion means burning, which is why this is called burning sugars, fats, and proteins for energy.)
Identify two structural features of purines and pyrimidines. Purines contain only three ring nitrogen atoms. contain only two ring nitrogen atoms. contain four ring nitrogen atoms. contain two heterocyclic rings. contain one heterocyclic ring.
Answers
Answer:
1) Purines contain only four ring nitrogen atoms while Pyrimidines contain only two nitrogen ring atoms
2) Purines contain two heterocyclic rings while Pyrimidines contain one heterocyclic ring
Explanation:
Purines and Pyrimidines are two classes of nitrogenous bases that make up nucleic acids. They are both heterocyclic aromatic compounds which contains nitrogen atoms in their structure. Although, they are similar but have distinct features namely:
Purines are ring molecules which consists of four (4) nitrogen atoms in their aromatic structure. They are structures with two heterocyclic rings consisting of five (5) carbon and four (4) nitrogen atoms. Adenine and Guanine are the purines in nature.
On the other hand, Pyrimidines are another ring molecules consisting of two (2) nitrogen atoms in their aromatic structure. Their only ring i.e. 1, is also heterocyclic in nature and contains four (4) carbon and two (2) nitrogen atoms. Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil are the pyrimidines.
processes involved when an eye views an object
Answers
Answer:
cornea
Explanation:
When light rays reflect off an object and enter the eyes through the cornea (the transparent outer covering of the eye), you can then see that object. The cornea bends, or refracts, the rays that pass through the round hole of the pupil.