The statement "our perception of reality can be substantially different from objective reality." is true because statements describes the correct relation of perception and objective reality.
Our perception of reality is shaped by our individual experiences, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings. These subjective interpretations of reality can differ greatly from what is objectively true.
For example, people who live in poverty may perceive the world around them differently than those who have more wealth and resources.
Our perceptions of reality can also be distorted by our own biases and prejudices, leading us to draw false conclusions about others and the world. This can lead to misunderstandings, division, and conflict in society.
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if the result of this study is statistically significant, can you conclude that the difference in the ability to memorize words was caused by whether students were performing the task in silence or with music playing? why or why not?
The conclusion that the difference in the ability to memorize words was caused by whether students were performing the task in silence or with music playing can be drawn from the results of a study if the study's results are statistically significant.
If the difference in the ability to memorize words was caused by the music, the null hypothesis is incorrect. The null hypothesis is that there is no impact of music on the ability to memorize words. If the null hypothesis is rejected, it implies that there is an effect of music on the ability to memorize words. Therefore, one can conclude that the difference in the ability to memorize words was caused by whether students were performing the task in silence or with music playing if the study's results are statistically significant.
The outcome would have a p-value of less than the significance level if the results were statistically significant. The significance level is usually set at 0.05 (5%). If the results of the study have a p-value of less than 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected, implying that there is an effect of music on the ability to memorize words.
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those who interpret the constitution more literally and see the reserved powers clause as a brake (limit) on the power of the national government advocate which theory of federalism?
The theory of federalism that advocates for a literal interpretation of the Constitution and believes that the reserved powers clause serves as a limit on the power of the national government is known as Dual Federalism. This is a legal theory which states that the power of the national government is limited to that which is enumerated in the Constitution, while states have all residual powers not granted to the national government.
Dual Federalism implies that each level of government is co-equal and independent of each other, meaning the national and state governments both have the right to exercise their authority and power without interference from each other. It is believed that by this separation, it will ensure that the power remains with the people and will protect against a tyrannical national government.
Supporters of Dual Federalism have argued that the federal government should only have the power to exercise. This position has been advanced as a way to preserve the integrity of the Constitution and prevent an over-extension of the powers of the national government.
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Which of the following is an example of an interest group?
Group of answer choices
The AARP
The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
The Congressional Budget Office
The Green Party
Answer:
The AARP is an example of an interest group.
Hope This Helps!
Answer:
The AARP
Explanation:
Let's look at what each answer choice is:
The Congressional Budget Office is a federal agency that provides economic information to Congress.
The Green Party is a political party.
The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence oversees all U.S. intelligence agencies.
The AARP is an interest group that focuses on issues affecting seniors (people over the age of 50).
Therefore, the correct answer is The AARP.
dr. scott is conducting a study of the effectiveness of a new strategy for teaching writing to eighth graders in inclusive classrooms. his study population consists of two middle schools in the same district. schools are randomly assigned for implementation into either intervention or control. he administers a test of written language to all students. however, dr. scott teaches the new strategy to students in one school but uses a traditional approach to teaching writing in the second school. he again tests students and compares results. what research approach is he using?
Dr. Scott is using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) approach in his study. An RCT is a type of scientific experiment designed to determine the effectiveness of an intervention (in this case, the new strategy for teaching writing).
In an RCT, participants are randomly assigned to one of two groups: an intervention group, who receive the new strategy, and a control group, who receive a traditional approach. This helps to ensure that any observed differences in results are due to the intervention, rather than pre-existing differences in the participants.
In Dr. Scott's study, two middle schools were selected for implementation. One school was randomly assigned to receive the new teaching strategy, and the other was assigned to the control group, which used the traditional approach.
All students from both schools were administered a test of written language, and results were compared. By randomly assigning schools to one of the two groups, Dr. Scott was able to establish a more reliable method of determining the effectiveness of the new teaching strategy.
The RCT approach is considered to be the most reliable and unbiased way to evaluate the effectiveness of a new intervention. This type of experiment has been used to test the effectiveness of a variety of interventions, including educational approaches, healthcare treatments, and public health interventions.
By providing a scientific and unbiased assessment of the new strategy, Dr. Scott's study should provide valuable insight into the effectiveness of this teaching approach.
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Review of résumés is most valid when the content of the résumés is evaluated in terms of the elements of a job description. true/false
The given statement "Review of résumés is most valid when the content of the résumés is evaluated in terms of the elements of a job description. " is true because the review of résumés is most valid when the content of the résumés is evaluated in terms of the elements of a job description.
A résumé is a brief summary of a person's education, work experience, and other qualifications that are relevant to the job they are applying for. The résumé is a vital component of a job application because it is often the first impression that an employer has of a candidate. If the résumé catches the attention of the hiring manager, the applicant may be invited for an interview.
When reviewing résumés, an employer's primary goal is to determine whether the applicant has the necessary skills, education, and experience to perform the job. The review of résumés is most valid when the content of the résumés is evaluated in terms of the elements of a job description.
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why is we have waited for more than three hundred and forty years for our god-given and constitutional rights pathos
The struggle for equal rights and justice is a complex issue that has roots in systemic racism, oppression, and discrimination.
The wait for over three hundred and forty years for God-given and constitutional rights can be attributed to the deep-seated prejudices and inequalities that have plagued societies for centuries. From slavery to segregation, many individuals and communities have been denied their basic human rights, leading to a long and painful fight for equality. The journey towards progress has been slow and difficult, but it is essential to continue the fight and create a more just and equitable society for all.
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what are the two roles that ehrenreich gave for herself when starting her experiment? imagine you were doing this experiment, make at least 3 rules for yourself. ehrenreich allowed herself to have a car throughout her experiment; however, many minimum wage workers walk or take public transportation; assess her choice to have a car (especially as she paid for her car with her credit card/had her car before beginning the experiment. ehrenreich makes assumptions about why she choose not to work in los angeles or new york. are her assumptions valid or is there something else at play. explain your answer.
In Barbara Ehrenreich's experiment, she created two roles for herself: "homeless" and "low wage worker".
If you were to do this experiment, some rules you should have for yourself include setting a realistic budget, abiding by the laws of the state/country you are in, and maintaining professionalism while on the job.
Ehrenreich chose to have a car throughout her experiment, which allowed her to cover more ground and move more quickly between jobs.
However, many minimum wage workers rely on public transportation or their own two feet to get around, making Ehrenreich's choice potentially more privileged than the experiences of many minimum wage workers.
Ehrenreich's assumption that she chose not to work in Los Angeles or New York because of the high cost of living is likely valid. She was only given a budget of $1,000/month for her experiment, which is simply not enough to afford housing in major cities like LA and NYC.
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who does the video say will be blessed by the decision to place a child born out of wedlock up for adoption? group of answer choices the birth parent and adoptive parents the adoptive parent and the baby the birth parent and the baby the birth parents
The video states that both the birth parent and adoptive parents are blessed by the decision to place a child born out of wedlock up for adoption. The birth parent is able to provide their child with a stable, loving home in which they can thrive.
The adoptive parents are able to extend their family and provide a safe and nurturing environment for the child to grow up in. By making the courageous decision to place their child for adoption, the birth parent is giving their child the best chance at a successful future.
The adoptive parents are fortunate to be able to provide a stable home and unconditional love to a child who needs it. In turn, the adoptive parents are blessed with the joy of raising a child and watching them grow and develop. The video emphasizes that all parties involved are ultimately blessed by the decision to place a child born out of wedlock up for adoption.
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teens who smoke or vape typically have friends who smoke. to avoid overestimating the impact of peer pressure on teens smoking habits, it would make most sense to consider the importance of
Teens who smoke or vape typically have friends who smoke. To avoid overestimating the impact of peer pressure on teens smoking habits, it would make the most sense to consider the importance of individual factors such as personality, genetics, or family influences.
Peer pressure can influence adolescents in their decision-making and social interactions with others. They may smoke or vape to fit in with their peers, or they may feel pressure to engage in these behaviors to gain social acceptance or approval.However, it is essential to understand that not all adolescents who have friends who smoke or vape will develop a habit of smoking.
To avoid overestimating the impact of peer pressure on teen smoking habits. This understanding can help health care professionals and intervention strategies that take into account the complex interplay of environmental and individual factors that contribute to teen smoking and vaping.
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dr. salmon conducted a test comparing black and white participants in a measure of information processing. each group was given the same information and task. what is the most likely result of the experiment?
The most likely result of Dr. Salmon's experiment is that the black and white participants will have different scores in the measure of information processing.
The black and white participants in Dr. Salmon's experiment were given the same information and task and asked to measure information processing.
While both groups had access to the same information and instructions, the differences in their backgrounds, cultures, and experiences may lead to different scores in the measure of information processing.
This difference in scores is most likely due to the participants' differing interpretations of the instructions, or the way they processed the information. The differences in scores may also be due to the different levels of expertise each participant had in the measure of information processing.
Therefore, the most likely result of the experiment is that the black and white participants will have different scores in the measure of information processing.
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What is one benefit of following ethical principles?
a. they are restrictive
b. They are simplify your decision-making process
c. they eliminate the need for decisions
d. they change often
Option b: The one benefit of following ethical principles is that they are simplify your decision-making process.
In business, ethical principles are the moral standards that an organization as a whole and individual employees set for themselves. These tenets take into account the values, norms, rules, and practices of the industry that dictate how people behave at work and how a business does business in the community.
Customers are becoming more aware/conscious of how companies operate. Customers and employees come to trust and respect businesses with a solid moral foundation. A solid reputation generates devoted clients. A more long-term, stable strategy for success is to achieve success in a legally and ethically responsible manner.
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what were corrie's initial reactions to her release? she felt the shame of the physical inspections more acutely. she had a sense of unreality. she was joyful. she was frightened someone would discover her bible. she felt resentful because betsie wasn't with her
Corrie's initial reactions to her release were a sense of unreality.
Corrie ten Boom was a Dutch Christian who, with her family, aided numerous Jews throughout World War II in avoiding Nazi persecution by hiding them in her family's house.
When Corrie was released from prison, she was greeted with a feeling of unreality. She found it difficult to grasp the reality of the situation since the idea of freedom seemed unbelievable to her. She couldn't believe she was finally out of that oppressive environment.
As she strolled down the street, she couldn't believe that she had a choice in the direction she wished to go. Corrie realized that the war had left her feeling helpless and powerless, and she was relieved that it was over.
In summary, Corrie's initial reaction to her release was a feeling of unreality.
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Which of these is the BEST definition of a "delinquent behavior"?
A) an action that is left to juvenile courts
B) a matter reserved for action in appellate courts
C) a matter that is decided by the Georgia Supreme Court
D) an action that are automatically outside the jurisdiction of a juvenile court
19)
Which of these is a right given to a juvenile when taken into custody BUT is not a right of an adult when taken into custody?
A) right to an attorney
B) right to remain silent
C) right to be informed of one's rights
D) right to have a parent/guardian present
20)
After a juvenile has been taken into custody, which of these is the next step in the judicial process that must be taken?
A) adjudicatory hearing
B) probable cause hearing
C) a verdict must be rendered
D) he/she must be released to the parent/guardian
21)
A juvenile offender can NOT be
A) under the age of 17.
B) allowed to remain silent.
C) denied the right an attorney.
D) held at a Regional Youth Detention Center.
22)
A juvenile accused of a crime MUST
A) testify in court.
Eliminate
B) pay for his/her own attorney.
C) have the right to remain silent.
D) waive his/her right to a probable cause hearing.
23)
After a juvenile is arrested, the judge looks over the case to decide if there is enough evidence to charge the person with a crime or if the child should be released. This is known as a(n) __________ hearing.
A) Adjudicatory
B) Dispositional
C) Probable Cause
D) Appellate Jurisdictional
24)
Juveniles between the ages of 13 and 17 who have committed one of the Seven Delinquent Behaviors
A) are tried as adults.
B) are tried in Juvenile Court.
C) are not held accountable until turning 18.
D) are sent to a Regional Youth Detention Center.
The best definition of "delinquent behaviour" is Option A an action that is left to juvenile courts.
Delinquent behaviour usually refers to actions committed by minors (under 18 years of age) that violate the law, such as stealing or vandalism. In the United States, these cases are often handled by juvenile courts, which are separate from adult criminal courts and are designed to focus more on rehabilitation than punishment. Therefore, option A is the best definition of delinquent behaviour among the options provided.
A delinquent way of behaving is characterized as a lawbreaker activity committed by a human standing up to the laws of the common society. Wrongdoing understanding depends on the rule of normalization, and that implies that a singular's culpability depends on the standards and regulations material in the common society.
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Señala con una palomita el tipo de escalas de medida a lo que pertenece cada una de la variables
Lo siento, pero no puedo visualizar ninguna lista de variables. ¿Podrías proporcionar más contexto o información sobre las variables en cuestión?
which term refers to the collection of values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes that distinguish one society from another?
Culture refers to the collection of values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes that distinguish one society from another. It is a way of life that is shared by a particular group of people and is passed from one generation to the next.
Culture can be seen in the language a person speaks, the clothes they wear, the food they eat, and the customs and traditions they practice. It can also be seen in the beliefs, values, and attitudes that people hold. Culture is constantly evolving, adapting to new ideas and changes in society.
It is also influenced by other cultures and allows for the exchange of ideas and traditions. Culture is what shapes the identity of a group and allows for a sense of belonging and community. It is an important part of our lives, helping to shape our beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes.
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Why was the National Association of REALTORS Code of Ethics created?
The National Association of REALTORS (NAR) Code of Ethics was created to ensure that real estate agents abide by the highest standards of professionalism and conduct.
The creation of the National Association of REALTORS Code of Ethics was a response to concerns about unethical behavior in the real estate industry.
The NAR recognized that the actions of a few unscrupulous agents could damage the reputation of the entire profession, and it was decided that a code of ethics was necessary to ensure that all members of the association were held to the same high standards of conduct.
The Code of Ethics is regularly reviewed and updated to ensure that it remains relevant and effective in promoting ethical behavior in the real estate industry.
It is an essential part of the professional standards that REALTORS are expected to uphold and helps to maintain the integrity of the real estate profession.
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revenue or money bills must begin in which part of congress?
The House of Representatives, which is a branch of Congress, is where revenue or money measures must first be introduced. The U.S. Constitution's Article I, Section 7, which gives the House the authority to introduce such laws, makes this clear.
This is due to the fact that the House of Representatives, whose members are chosen by popular vote every two years, is the branch of Congress that is most intimately connected to the general public. This means that the House, which is seen as the more democratic house, should introduce legislation pertaining to income and taxation, which directly affects the people.
A revenue or money measure that has been authorised by the House is sent to the Senate for review; if passed, it is then sent to the President for signing or veto. With this procedure, a system of checks and balances is made sure to be in place for issues pertaining to revenue and taxation.
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What is the first step in problem-solving thinking?
The first step in problem-solving thinking is to identify the problem.
This requires careful analysis and evaluation of the problem to understand its complexities and implications. After the problem has been identified, the next step is to develop a plan for addressing the problem. This involves brainstorming possible solutions and then selecting the most suitable one. Once a plan has been developed, the next step is to implement the plan by taking the necessary actions to address the problem. Finally, the problem is monitored and evaluated to ensure that it has been effectively resolved. By following these steps, one can use problem-solving thinking to efficiently and effectively address challenges and find successful solutions.
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which national park has been closed since feb. 25 because of snow?
Yosemite closed on February 25 due to heavy snowfall that covered the whole park, with some portions of the park receiving up to 15 feet of precipitation.
In order for visitors to safely return, park staff is working to restore essential services. No anticipated time for reopening has been given. The park closure impacted popular winter activities, such as snowshoeing, and ice skating, which attract thousands of visitors each year.
Park staff has been working diligently to restore essential services and facilities, such as clearing trails, and restoring power and water services. However, due to the significant amount of snow, it is unclear when the park will reopen. Visitors are encouraged to check the Yosemite National Park website for the latest information on park conditions and reopening dates.
In the meantime, visitors can still enjoy the beauty of the park through virtual tours which offer stunning views of Yosemite's winter wonderland. The park's closure serves as a reminder of the importance of safety and preparedness when visiting national parks during extreme weather conditions.
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which of the following is an example of a distal risk factor for joe? group of answer choices joe is enrolled in an afterschool program that offers free tutoring joe exhibits poor coping skills joe lives in a neighborhood with high crime rates joe has ongoing substance abuse
A distal risk factor for Joe is the fact that he lives in a neighborhood with high crime rates. Distal risk factors for Joe are distal from the development of a specific disorder or problem in Joe. A distal risk factor is a distant factor from the person, such as living in a neighborhood with high crime rates, in this case.
A distal risk factor is a factor that may increase the risk of developing a condition over time. Therefore, among the given answer choices, the example of a distal risk factor for Joe is that he lives in a neighborhood with high crime rates.
Enrolling in an afterschool program that offers free tutoring is a protective factor that can help Joe perform better academically and potentially reduce the risk of developing academic problems. Joe exhibiting poor coping skills and ongoing substance abuse are proximal risk factors that directly contribute to the development of disorders or problems in Joe.
Distal risk factors may contribute indirectly to the development of a disorder or problem in Joe over time.
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which of these stories in the bible might have had the largest impact on an enslaved person because they can relate to the suffering?
Without a doubt, the story of God leading the Hebrews out of forced servitude in Egypt would have had the largest impact on an enslaved person. So the correct option is B .
This story is found in the book of Exodus and recounts the Israelites' enslavement in Egypt and their subsequent liberation by God through Moses. The story of the Exodus is one of the most powerful and well-known stories in the Bible. It tells of a group of people who were oppressed and enslaved, who cried out to God for help, and who were eventually delivered from bondage through a series of miraculous events. For an enslaved person, this story would have provided hope and inspiration that God was on their side and that liberation was possible.
The story of the rich young ruler being told to give all his wealth to the poor, Jesus being betrayed by Judas, and Moses receiving commandments from God are all important stories in the Bible, but they do not have the same relevance to the experience of being enslaved as the story of the Exodus.
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Full Question ;
Which of these stories in the Bible would have had the largest impact on an enslaved person?
A rich young ruler is told to give all his wealth to the poor
God led the Hebrews out of forced servitude in Egypt
Jesus is betrayed by Judas Iscariot, one of his followers
Moses receives commandments from God on a holy mountain
why do you think the citizens from the nation's earliest days favored a weak-mayor system of government?
A mayor-council system that is ineffective limits the mayor's executive powers and gives the council additional control.
What really constitutes a weak mayor plan?In contrast, the mayor in a weak-mayor system serves primarily as the council chairperson and has no formal authority beyond the council. The mayor has no veto power over council votes and is unable to directly appoint or dismiss officials.
What distinguishes a strong mayor system for local governments from a weak mayor system?The mayor is a full-time employee and exercises significant control over the city under the robust system. The mayor has limited authority under the flimsy mayor system. The majority of the work is done by the council, and the mayor runs council meetings.
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after their baby was born, tom got angry that his wife seemed to lose interest in him and was always on the phone with her mother asking for advice. once he figured out that she was uncertain about her parenting skills, he was able to discuss her fears and put his own anger aside. what strategy did tom use to resolve this conflict?
the strategy did tom use to resolve this conflict was to keep the anger aside.
It is more important that all research, practice, and policy fields conduct their work in a way that is aware of and inclusive of all the elements that contribute to child development and early learning, and that all fields recognize that they are interactive and mutually reinforcing rather than hierarchical. It is less important that all fields follow the exact same categorizations. This idea introduces a theme that will be covered in more detail in later parts. It will take a concerted effort to communicate clearly and reach mutual understanding in order to develop practices and policies that support the more continuous development and early learning from birth through age 8 because different fields and sectors may not use the same categorizations and vocabulary for these domains and skills.
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In which way does the Election Commission enjoy the same kind
of independence as the judiciary
One of the key ways in which the Election Commission enjoys independence similar to the judiciary is through its appointment and removal process.
The Election Commission (EC) is an independent constitutional body responsible for conducting and overseeing elections in India. The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and other Election Commissioners are appointed by the President of India, but once appointed, they cannot be removed except through impeachment by Parliament, which is a difficult and time-consuming process. Similarly, judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts are appointed by the President, but can only be removed through a process of impeachment by Parliament.
Another way in which the EC enjoys independence similar to the judiciary is through its power to make decisions and enforce election laws without interference from other branches of government. The EC has the power to determine the schedule and conduct of elections, including the power to disqualify candidates who violate election laws or engage in corrupt practices. Similarly, the judiciary has the power to interpret the Constitution and other laws, and to strike down laws that are unconstitutional or violate individual rights, without interference from other branches of government.
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the three biggest newspapers in which state offered their final print editions this week?
Three major Alabama newspapers will stop publishing print editions on the same day, ending a long-standing tradition of reading newspapers.
A newspaper is a periodic publication that often has a white or grey backdrop and is typed in black ink. It contains written information about current occurrences.
Newspapers generally provide articles like opinion columns, weather forecasts, evaluations of regional services, obituaries, birth announcements, crossword puzzles, editorial cartoons, comic strips, and advice columns in addition to a wide range of topics including politics, business, sports, and the arts.
The majority of newspapers operate as companies, and they use a combination of subscription, newsstand, and advertising revenue to cover costs. Newspapers are a common metonym for the journalistic companies that print newspapers.
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what is illegal to keep on a front porch in boulder, colorado?
In Boulder, Colorado, it's against the law to have a couch or any other upholstered item that wasn't intended for outdoor use in your front yard, side yard, or porch.
Federal, state, and local statutes that regulate how people and organizations may use, develop, or transfer real property make up real estate laws. Real estate laws are generally very standard both at the state and federal levels. But, things start to get seriously bizarre once you start operating at the local level.
Consider Boulder, Colorado, where having a couch on your porch is prohibited. The law reveals information about the town, much like the other entries on this list. Of course, Boulder is a very large college town and the location of the University of Colorado. Several college towns all around the country have imitated Boulder.
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when jason comes home from work every day, he opens the garage door and pulls his car into the garage. his dog, spot, hears the noise of the garage door opening and the car entering the garage before son comes through the garage door. now, when spot hears the garage door open, spot runs to the garage door to greet ashon. this is an example of
When spot hears the garage door open, spot runs to the garage door to greet ashon. this is an example of classical conditioning.
Classical conditioning is when a stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus resulting in a conditioned response.
In this example, the stimulus is the sound of the garage door opening, the unconditioned stimulus is Jason entering the garage, and the conditioned response is Spot running to the garage door to greet Jason.
Classical conditioning involves learning through association and occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
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true or false? the descent system most common in western societies is bilateral descent. group of answer choices true false
The given statement "the descent system most common in western societies is bilateral descent." is true as western culture follows kinship.
Depending on the society, descent is a system of recognized social parentage that allows people to claim kinship ties to one another.In a system of family lineage known as "bilateral descent," both the mother's and the father's relatives play an equal role in establishing emotional ties and transferring wealth or property. It is a family structure in which both parents receive an equal share of descent and inheritance.
The cognate pattern of descent in which a person belongs to both his father's patrilineal and mother's matrilineal families. called "double descent" as well. Bilateral descent is not the same as this, gifts of great value that a groom gives to the father of his bride. But not to their spouses, a child is related to their mother's or father's brother and sister. Indonesia's Javanese people follow bilateral descent.
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Nineteenth-century socialists argued that government should: a) leave the economy alone b) actively plan the economy c) destroy the economy
Nineteenth-century socialists argued that the government should actively plan the economy. This view was based on the belief that the capitalist system was inherently flawed and unjust, and that only collective ownership and control of the means of production could lead to a more equitable and just society.
Socialists believed that capitalism was marked by exploitation, inequality, and instability, and that only a planned economy could ensure the fair distribution of resources, goods, and services. They argued that the government should take an active role in managing the economy and directing resources to meet the needs of the people. This would require a fundamental reorganization of the economic system, with the abolition of private ownership of the means of production and the establishment of collective ownership and control.
Socialists believed that a planned economy would be more efficient, equitable, and stable than a capitalist system based on the profit motive. They believed that planning could ensure that resources were allocated efficiently, that production was geared towards meeting human needs rather than generating profit, and that the fruits of production were distributed fairly.
In summary, nineteenth-century socialists believed that the government should actively plan the economy in order to create a more just and equitable society. This view was based on a critique of capitalism and the belief that only collective ownership and control could ensure a fair distribution of resources and meet the needs of the people.
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cuvier's view that the extinction and the subsequent appearance of different creatires could be explained by a series of disasters and re-creations is called
Cuvier's view that extinction and subsequent appearance of different creatures could be explained by a series of disasters and re-creations is called catastrophism.
This theory suggests that the Earth has undergone a series of catastrophic events that have led to the extinction of many species, followed by the creation of new ones. Cuvier believed that each catastrophe was caused by a sudden change in the environment, such as floods, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions. According to this theory, the Earth's history was characterized by a series of dramatic, short-lived events that created a new world each time. While catastrophism has been largely discredited as an explanation for species diversity, it was an important early theory in the development of the science of geology.
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