only the sizes and shapes of rocks change during weathering. a. mechanical b. chemical c. reaction d. shape 2. the makeup of rocks is changed during weathering. a. mechanical b. chemical c. reaction d. shape 3. how are weathering by vegetation and freezing/thawing similar? a. they are both types of chemical weathering b. they are both occur in very warm climates c. they both expand cracks in rock, causing rock to break apart d. they both are found only at divergent plate boundaries 4. although we did not observe a scene with small burrowing animals, what effect would they have on the rock and soil in the area? a. they would cause mechanical weathering as they dig into the rock and soil, breaking it into smaller pieces of the same material. b. they would cause chemical weathering as they dig into the rock and soil, breaking it into smaller pieces of the same material. c. they would cause expansion of rock as they heat rock from below. d. they would cause contraction of rock as they cause collapse in rock and soil due to the burrows that they made. 5. in terms of weathering, what would happen to a set of metal tools left outdoors in the rain for a long time? a. they would oxidize b. they would turn to clay c. they would dissolve d. they would erode 6. when water freezes in a crack in a rock, it , causing the crack to widen and eventually the rock breaks apart. a. multiplies b. contracts c. expands d. percolates 7. water from rain or groundwater can mix with carbon dioxide in the air or from decaying organic material to form a weak acid called . a. hydrochloric acid b. hydrofluoric acid c. acetic acid d. carbonic acid 8. caverns can form when what type of rock is dissolved? a. granite b. sandstone c. limestone d. shale 9. why are many rocks in the grand canyon a reddish color? a. iron rich minerals in those layers have oxidized b. feldspar minerals in those layers have turned to clay c. halite minerals in those layers have dissolved d. rocks in this area have eroded 10. plant roots can cause weathering by wedging apart rocks and sediment, and can also cause weathering by decaying plant roots producing acids that dissolve minerals in rocks. a. mechanical; chemical b. chemical; mechanical c. reaction; shape d. shape; reaction 11. in scene 1, what was the result of water as a weathering agent? a. the sandstone was deposited on top of the limestone b. the cave to grew larger and stalactites and stalagmites formed. c. new material was brought to the area, filling in the cave and closing it up. d. water burrowed through the area, except for where stalactites and stalagmites were. 12. in scene 1, what was the result of oxidation? a. the sandstone was oxidized, staining the sandstone red. b. the sandstone was deposited on top of the limestone c. the cave to grew larger and stalactites and stalagmites formed. d. new material was brought to the area, filling in the cave and closing it up. 13. in scene 2, what was the result of repeated freezing and thawing? a. rocks broke down and formed a talus slope b. cracks formed and widened in the carving c. cracks formed and widened in the rock d. all of the provided answers 14. in scene 2, what was the result of water as a weathering agent? a. rocks broke down and formed a talus slope b. cracks formed and widened in the carving c. cracks formed and widened in the rock d. the weak acid water solution has dissolved some of the facial features of the carving. 15. in scene 3, what was the result of vegetation as a weathering agent? a. the trees have been torn down by the ice and snow b. the trees and their roots have grown, causing fractures in the rocks c. the vegetation has grown, using up all of the soil in the area d. the vegetation has grown, helping to add more carbon dioxide to the air. 16. in scene 3, what was the result of repeated freezing and thawing? a. ice wedging has occurred as water freezes and expands in cracks in the rocks. b. freezing glues the rock fragments together. c. the trees die and become petrified due to being frozen. d. rocks become more hard and resistant due to freezing. 17. in scene 4, what was the result of vegetation as a weathering agent? a. the growing tree has provided shade for the house, preventing all weathering b. the growing tree has prevented rain from affecting the bike. c. the growing tree and its roots have caused cracks in the house and sidewalk. d. the growing roots have taken over the bicycle 18. in scene 4, what was the result of oxidation? a. the chimney was weakened and fell down. b. the windows became brittle and broke. c. the sidewalk was cracked. d. the bicycle rusted. 19. which scenes that you observed show examples of mechanical weathering? a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 2, 3, 4 c. 1, 2, 4 d. 3 and 4 20. which scenes that you observed show examples of chemical weathering? a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 2, 3, 4 c. 1, 2, 4

Calcite and aragonite belong to the class of minerals known as carbonates, specifically calcium carbonates. These minerals are formed from the chemical precipitation of calcium ions and carbonate ions in aquatic environments, such as oceans and lakes.

Limestone is a sedimentary rock primarily composed of these minerals, as well as other minerals and organic material. Calcite is the most common mineral found in limestone, while aragonite is less common but can be found in some types of limestone. These minerals are important economically, as they are used in a wide range of industries, including construction, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals.

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1: Every 150,000 years, 2: A and B (over North America and Europe), 3: Sun, 4: SO2 and: Solar Radiation.

Solar radiation is the energy emitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic waves. It is the primary energy source for life on Earth, providing warmth and light for plants, animals, and humans. Solar radiation is composed of different forms of energy including visible light, ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation, and other forms of electromagnetic radiation. Solar radiation is essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. It is also the driving force behind climate and weather patterns. Solar radiation can be used directly to produce electricity through photovoltaic cells, or it can be used to heat water or air for a variety of purposes.

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Octahedral is the most common external form for gem diamonds. An octahedron is a polyhedron with eight faces, twelve edges, and six vertices.

Gem-quality diamonds often exhibit an octahedral shape with flat, polished faces, and pointed corners. However, diamond crystals can also take other external forms, such as dodecahedron, cube, and combinations of these shapes.

Diamonds are most commonly found as euhedral or spherical octahedra, as well as twinned octahedra known as macles. Diamonds have multiple facets that belong to a cube, octahedron, rhombicosidodecahedron, tetrakis hexahedron, or disdyakis dodecahedron because its crystal structure has a cubic arrangement of the atoms.

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Precipitation generally occurs ahead of a warm front, as the warm air rises over the colder air ahead of it and cools, causing the moisture in the air to condense and form clouds.

Precipitation generally occurs ahead of a warm front as air rises and cools. This is because the warmer air, which is higher in the atmosphere, rises over the colder air ahead of it. As it rises, the air cools, leading to the condensation of moisture in the air and the formation of clouds.

This condensation process eventually results in the formation of rain, snow, or other forms of precipitation, depending on the temperature of the air and other conditions. Knowing the processes behind precipitation can help you better understand weather patterns and plan accordingly.

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The stack of rocks and the order of the rock layers represents the history of sea-level changes.

Sandstone, shale, and limestone are sedimentary rocks that were formed from the accumulation of sediment at the bottom of the ocean or a large lake. As sea level changes, the type of sediment that is deposited on the ocean floor changes as well. Sandstone is typically formed in shallow waters, near the shoreline. As sea level rises, the shoreline moves inland, and the deposition of sandstone is replaced by shale. Shale is formed in deeper waters, where there is less sediment and the water is calmer.

When sea level drops again, the deposition of shale is replaced by limestone. Limestone is formed in clear, shallow waters, where there is a lot of sunlight for the growth of coral and other marine life. The layers of rock in the stack can indicate that there have been multiple cycles of sea-level changes over time, with each layer representing a different period of time when the ocean was at a different level.

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The specific gravity of gem quality diamonds is 3.52. Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance.

It is commonly used to determine the purity of gemstones. Diamonds have a very high specific gravity due to their high density and hardness. Diamonds are the hardest naturally occurring substance on earth and they have an extremely high specific gravity.

The specific gravity of diamonds is an indication of how much heavier they are than the same volume of water. For example, a one carat diamond would weigh 3.52 times the weight of the same volume of water. This high specific gravity is why diamonds are so valuable. They have a very high density and are very hard. They are also difficult to cut and polish, which makes them more valuable.

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Answer: Atoll, Savanna and lagoon

Explanation:

The first step to evaluate a central California city is to research the area. This will help to identify the city’s strengths and weaknesses.

People should look at the city’s infrastructure, crime rate, education, cost of living, and amenities. They should also look into the city’s job market, recreational opportunities, and the availability of quality healthcare.

It is also important for people to visit the city and observe the people, culture, and lifestyle. This will give people a better idea of the city and what it has to offer. People should also look at the local government and see how it works and how it responds to its citizens.

Finally, people should speak to people who live in the city to get an understanding of their experiences and opinions. They should also consider the opinions of experts in the fields of public health, education, economics, and other relevant topics. This should help people to get a better picture of the city and to make an informed decision.

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Option b&d: The true statements about brittle deformation are: during brittle deformation, rocks can break or crack into pieces, and brittle deformation can be preceded by small amounts of elastic deformation.

Rocks are solid, naturally occurring materials composed of minerals or mineral-like substances. They are one of the fundamental building blocks of the Earth's crust and play an important role in geography. Geologists study rocks to understand the history of the Earth and to identify the processes that shape the planet's surface.

There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from the solidification of magma or lava, sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and cementation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of pre-existing rocks due to heat, pressure, or chemical activity.

Rocks are classified based on their properties, such as color, texture, hardness, and mineral composition. Some common minerals found in rocks include quartz, feldspar, mica, and calcite.

Rocks are essential to human activities, as they provide important resources such as building materials, precious metals, and fuels. Understanding the properties and formation of rocks is crucial for natural resource management, environmental protection, and geological hazard mitigation.

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Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana are all located in the northern part of South America and are similar in many respects.

All three are former European colonies, with Guyana and Suriname once part of the British Empire and French Guiana having been colonized by France. All three countries have tropical climates, with lush rain forests and abundant wildlife. The official language of all three countries is English, although various other languages are also spoken, such as French in French Guiana and Dutch in Suriname.

All three countries have a history of slavery and a large population of African-descended people, and all three are members of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). They are also similar in terms of their geography, as they all have long coastlines along the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, and the three countries share a border along the Corentyne River. Despite their similarities, each of the three countries has its own unique culture and traditions, and they are all distinct nations.

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The river that forms part of the France/Germany border is the Rhine River.

The Rhine River is one of the most significant and well-known rivers in Europe. It has a length of around 1,320 kilometers and passes through six countries: Switzerland, Germany, France, Liechtenstein, Austria, and the Netherlands. The Rhine River originates in the Swiss Alps and flows through Lake Constance before heading north through Germany and finally emptying into the North Sea. The Rhine River is the longest river in Europe, and it plays an important role in the transportation of goods and people across the continent.

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Human activities have impacted the rate of soil erosion in various ways. The option that explains this is that humans have increased the rate of soil erosion by removing vegetation through activities such as farming, logging, and construction.

By removing vegetation cover, human activities have left the soil exposed to wind and water erosion. This has led to soil erosion occurring at a faster rate than would happen naturally.Human activities that have caused soil erosion include deforestation, construction, farming on steep slopes, logging, and mining.

Human activities have led to soil erosion happening faster than natural processes can replace the eroded soil. This has had a negative impact on soil productivity, water quality, and aquatic ecosystems.Grassed waterways have, however, been one of the measures adopted to control soil erosion.

Grassed waterways are designed channels that are constructed on slopes to allow for the natural flow of water. These channels are covered with vegetation, and their design helps reduce the speed and volume of water runoff, thus reducing the impact of water erosion on soil.

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True. Adding water, a volatile, to a rock lowers the melting temperature of its minerals by providing pathways of heat transfer, making it easier for the minerals to melt if the temperature is high enough.

This process is known as hydrothermal alteration, and it is often seen in areas with volcanic activity. This is because the water vapor released during volcanic activity can cause minerals to melt, leading to the formation of magma.

Adding water, or other volatile compounds, to a rock can lower the melting temperature of its minerals, and thus can allow the rock to melt if the temperature is high enough. This is a common process in the Earth's mantle where water is brought down into the mantle via subduction zones and can lower the melting temperature of the mantle rocks, leading to the formation of magma that eventually rises to the surface to form volcanic eruptions.

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The statement "Australian aborigines could not use wells in the desert due to lack of groundwater" is false.

Aboriginal Australians, who have lived in the harsh desert environment for tens of thousands of years, developed sophisticated methods of finding and accessing water sources in the arid landscape. While it is true that the availability of groundwater in some areas may be limited, Aboriginal communities have developed various techniques to collect and store water, including digging wells, constructing rock pools, and locating natural springs. These methods demonstrate the knowledge and resourcefulness of Aboriginal Australians in adapting to the harsh conditions of the desert environment. They have a deep understanding of the land, its flora and fauna, and its water sources. Furthermore, these methods have been passed down through generations, ensuring the survival of Aboriginal communities in the desert for thousands of years. Therefore, the notion that Australian aborigines could not use wells in the desert due to a lack of groundwater is false and ignores the rich history and culture of Aboriginal Australians.

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Answer:

In the same respect, the year 1750 is considered the end of the Baroque due to the death of Johann Sebastian Bach. His music is considered to be the culmination of the Baroque style.

Explanation:

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7. Mitsubishi might hoard frozen Bluefin tuna to control its supply in the market, which could increase its value and help maintain stable prices.

Class: Fishing in Senegal

8. Native fishermen face challenges such as overfishing, competition from foreign vessels, and lack of resources for sustainable fishing practices.

Date: (Date not provided)

Name: (Name not provided)

9. Bycatch includes non-target species like sea turtles, dolphins, and seabirds, among others. The percentage varies, but it can make up to 40% or more of the total catch.

Class: The Coral Triangle

10. Tertiary consumers are hunted in the Coral Triangle.

Date: (Date not provided)

Name: (Name not provided)

11. Selective hunting has led to imbalances in the food web, impacting secondary consumers, primary consumers, and producers.

Class: (Class not provided)

12. The absence of Atlantic Cod has disrupted the food web, causing a decline in their predators and an increase in their prey species.

Class: A Time For Change

13. Fishing in Alaska is regulated through methods such as quotas, limited entry permits, area-specific management, and monitoring of catch levels to ensure sustainability.

Date: (Date not provided)

Name: (Name not provided)

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Volcanoes and earthquakes both result from the movement of the tectonic plates that make up the Earth. This is the relationship between the location of tectonic plates, earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes.

Both of these are brought on by the Earth's core's release of heat and energy. Volcanic eruptions can be brought on by earthquakes by violent plate tectonic movement.

A tectonic plate, also known as a lithospheric plate, is a large, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock that is often made up of both continental and oceanic lithosphere.

Alfred Wegener, known as the "Father of Plate Tectonics," suggested "Continental Drift" in 1912 but was mocked by other scientists. The idea wouldn't be widely adopted for another 50 years.

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The statements about volcano-related deaths that best fit the information given in the paragraph is death toll from volcanic eruptions do not always correlate to explosivity, and can be affected by human actions before and after the eruption. The Option B is correct.

The paragraph provides two examples of volcanic eruptions with different volcanic explosivity indices (VEI), but vastly different death tolls. The Mt. St. Helens eruption had a higher VEI (5) than the Nevado del Ruiz eruption (3), yet resulted in far fewer deaths (57 vs. 25,000).

This suggests that human actions, such as timely evacuation, can greatly reduce the number of casualties from a volcanic eruption. Additionally, the paragraph notes that the lahars resulting from the Nevado del Ruiz eruption were responsible for most of the deaths, highlighting the danger of volcanic mudflows.

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Answer:

240

Explanation:

6 x 7 = 42 square meters

6 x 6 = 36 square meters

6 x 6 = 36 square meters

6 x 6 = 36 square meters

6 x 6 = 36 square meters

6 x 9 = 54 square meters

Total area of wrapping = 42 + 36 + 36 + 36 + 36 + 54 = 240 square meters

Therefore, the person used 240 square meters of wrapping.

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The majority of ozone is found in the c) stratosphere, which is located between the troposphere and the mesosphere.

This is because the stratosphere is where the ozone layer is located, a region where ozone concentrations are high enough to effectively absorb ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

The troposphere, which is the lowest layer of the atmosphere and where weather occurs, contains much lower concentrations of ozone. In fact, ground-level ozone can be harmful to human health and is a major component of air pollution. Ozone is not found in the mesosphere or paleosphere in significant quantities.

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The conditions necessary for the formation of thunderstorms are High humidity, lifting force, and unstable conditions.  The correct option is "A".

The formation of thunderstorms is dependent on three key conditions: high humidity, lifting force, and unstable conditions. High humidity is necessary to provide moisture in the atmosphere which can then be released as rain. A lifting force, such as warm air rising, is needed to move the moist air upward and cause it to condense and form a cloud.

Lastly, the atmosphere needs to be in an unstable state for a thunderstorm to occur, meaning it must be conducive to vertical air currents. Without all three of these conditions present, a thunderstorm cannot form.

The correct option is "A".

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Thermohaline circulation (THC) is the global ocean circulation pattern driven by temperature and salinity differences. Near the ocean surface, the temperature of the ocean is determined by air-sea interactions. The salinity near the ocean surface is determined by the amount of evaporation from the ocean and the amount of precipitation that falls into the ocean.

As the ocean water gets deeper, the temperature and salinity become more constant. In the depths of the ocean, salinity is determined by the amount of dissolved salts that have been slowly sinking from the upper layers of the ocean. Evaporation from the ocean surface removes fresh water from the surface and leaves the saltier water behind, making the ocean surface water more saline. Precipitation, however, adds fresh water to the ocean and thus decreases the salinity of the ocean.

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Landscape feature Material matched with from which it is formed:

Landscape features are formed by various natural processes and are typically made up of different materials. Outwash is formed from glacial meltwater and is often associated with eskers, which are long ridges of gravel and sand. Cirques are formed from solid rock through erosion by glaciers.

Glacial erratics are large boulders that have been transported by glaciers and deposited in areas far from their source rock. Horns are formed by the intersection of several arêtes, which are ridges of solid rock. Drumlins are elongated hills formed from glacial till, which is a mixture of clay, sand, and rocks deposited by glaciers. Moraines are also formed from glacial till and are ridges or mounds of debris left behind by retreating glaciers.

Understanding the formation and material composition of these features helps geologists to better understand the geological history of an area.

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The high mountain systems in the south of Europe, such as the Alps, Pyrenees, and Apennines, are the result of tectonic activity and plate movements that occurred millions of years ago.

During the Mesozoic Era, which spanned from about 252 to 66 million years ago, the African plate began to move northward, eventually colliding with the Eurasian plate. This collision caused the crust to buckle and fold, resulting in the formation of the Alpine mountain range, which stretches from France to Slovenia.

Similarly, the Pyrenees mountain range, which runs along the border between France and Spain, was formed by the collision of the Iberian plate and the Eurasian plate around 50 million years ago.

The Apennine Mountains in Italy are also the result of tectonic activity, specifically the convergence of the African and Eurasian plates.

In summary, the high mountain systems in the south of Europe are the result of complex tectonic processes that occurred over millions of years.

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Volcanic activity created the fishing port that is important to the economy of the village of Vestmannaeyjar on the island of Heimaey, near Iceland. Hence, option A is correct.

When the magma chamber becomes sufficiently overfilled, the magma forces its way to the surface and erupts, frequently resulting in volcanic eruptions. Volcanoes in the ocean erupt along fissures in the ocean floor caused by the spreading of two plates known as a mid-ocean ridge.

A port or harbor used for the distribution of fish is known as a fishing port. It could be a place for relaxation, but it's mainly for business. The only port that is dependent on an ocean commodity is a fishing port, therefore a fishing port may become unprofitable if fish stocks decline.

Iceland's location along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the North Atlantic Ocean, wherein the Eurasian and North American plates are separating by a few centimeters per year, is thought to be the cause of the country's volcanic activity. This sudden eruption of volcanic activities resulted in a fishing port, which is quite economical for the people of Vestmannaeyjar on the island of Heimaey, near Iceland.

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Based on the map provided, volcanoes most commonly form near tectonic plate boundaries, which are indicated by the black lines on the map.

This is because most volcanic activity is associated with the movement of tectonic plates and the associated generation of magma. At tectonic plate boundaries, there is often a significant amount of geological activity, including subduction zones, divergent boundaries, and transform faults, which can lead to the release of magma and the formation of volcanoes. While there are some exceptions, such as hotspot volcanoes, which can form in the middle of tectonic plates, the majority of active volcanoes are located near plate boundaries.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Glaciation played a significant role in the formation of the hills and valleys seen in southern Ontario's landscape. During the last ice age, which lasted from about 110,000 to 12,000 years ago, much of North America was covered by a massive ice sheet called the Laurentide Ice Sheet. This ice sheet was responsible for carving out many of the valleys and hills in southern Ontario.

As the ice sheet advanced and retreated, it ground the underlying rock and soil, creating deep grooves and channels. As the ice sheet melted, the water carried away the loose material, leaving behind valleys and depressions. The retreat of the ice sheet also left behind moraines, which are ridges of glacial debris that were deposited along the ice sheet's edge.

In addition to the physical erosion caused by the ice sheet, glaciation also had an impact on the region's hydrology. The melting of the ice sheet created vast amounts of meltwater, which carved new river channels and contributed to the formation of the many lakes and wetlands in the region.

Overall, the combination of physical erosion and changes in hydrology caused by glaciation played a significant role in shaping the hills and valleys of southern Ontario's landscape. These features serve as a reminder of the powerful and transformative effects of glaciation on the region's geology and ecology

The character of rock influences weathering through minerals that are soluble and can be dissolved and reprecipitated and so are resistant to weathering. Hence, option B is correct.

When they come into contact with water, air gases, and living organisms, rocks, soils, substances, wood, and man-made objects all deteriorate as a result of weathering.

The two different types of weathering processes are physical weathering and chemical weathering. The biological degradation of rocks and soils brought on by heat, water, ice, or other substances is known as physical weathering. Chemical weathering is the result of interactions between water, gases from the atmosphere, and chemicals produced by living beings with rocks and soils. Water is principally responsible for both chemical and physical weathering, with considerable contributions from air oxygen, carbon dioxide, and living things. Chemical weathering brought on by biological activity is also known as biological weathering.

Some types of rock exhibit remarkable degradation resistance. Igneous rocks weather slowly because water has a hard time penetrating them, especially intrusive igneous rocks like granite. Other types of rock, like limestone, are more subject to weathering since they dissolve in weak acids.

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