In the four Ds of psychopathology, which of the following falls under the "distress" or "emotion" criteria? A. A person's impulsivity encourages them to shop online too much and rack up credit card debt. B. A person's intrusive thoughts cause them a great deal of stress and emotional discomfort every day. C. A person's stress makes them compulsively pick at their skin's "flaws" until they bleed.

Answers

Answer 1

Ba persons intrusive thoughts cause them a great deal of stress and emotional discomfort every day.

Related Questions

What is a nonspecific defense?
What is the body’s second life of defense? When does it take effect?
Identify the roles of nonspecific leukocytes in the body’s second line of defense.
Jera cut her finger. The next day, the skin around the cut became red and warm. Why are these signs of infection?

Answers

A nonspecific defense, also known as innate immunity, refers to the body's general defense mechanisms that act against a wide range of pathogens.

What is a nonspecific defense?

A nonspecific defense includes physical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes, as well as cellular and biochemical components such as leukocytes and complement proteins.

The body's second line of defense is also known as the innate immune response. It takes effect immediately or within hours after a pathogen enters the body. This response includes the activation of leukocytes, the production of cytokines, and the complement system.

Nonspecific leukocytes play several roles in the body's second line of defense. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of leukocyte and are the first to arrive at the site of infection. They engulf and destroy invading microorganisms through a process called phagocytosis. Monocytes, which mature into macrophages, also play a role in phagocytosis and produce cytokines that activate other leukocytes. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can recognize and kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells.

The redness and warmth around Jera's cut are signs of inflammation, which is a response of the body's innate immune system to injury or infection. Inflammation occurs when leukocytes and other immune cells are recruited to the site of injury or infection. The increased blood flow to the area causes the redness and warmth, and the accumulation of leukocytes causes swelling and pain. These signs indicate that the body's innate immune system is responding to the injury and attempting to prevent the spread of infection.

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