Large corporations spend their money on a variety of things, including employee salaries, research and development, marketing and advertising, and expansion into new markets.
One specific company that provides a good example of how large corporations spend their money is Walmart.
One of the biggest expenses for Walmart is employee salaries. The company employs over 2.2 million people worldwide, and is one of the largest private employers in the world.
Walmart also invests heavily in research and development in order to stay competitive in the retail industry. This includes developing new technologies, such as the Walmart app, and improving their online shopping experience.
Marketing and advertising is another major expense for Walmart. The company spends billions of dollars each year on TV commercials, online ads, and other forms of marketing in order to attract new customers and retain existing ones.
Finally, Walmart is constantly expanding into new markets, both domestically and internationally. This includes opening new stores, acquiring other companies, and investing in new business ventures.
Overall, large corporations like Walmart spend their money on a variety of things in order to stay competitive and continue to grow.
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A company is looking into investing in renewable energies which would involved the following investement and expected cash flows :
II CF Initial investment 13,500,000 Cash flow year 1 4,945,000 Cash flow year 2 5,601,222 Cash flow year 3 4,684,525 From the BCR (benefit cost ratio) or PI (profitability index) point of vue, would you recommend this investment and why ?
A company is looking into investing in renewable energies which would involved the following investement and expected cash flows : II CF Initial investment 13,500,000 Cash flow year 1 4,945,000 Cash flow year 2 5,601,222 Cash flow year 3 4,684,525 From the BCR (benefit cost ratio) or PI (profitability index) point of vue, This investment appears to be a good one. Since the BCR for this investment is 1.14, it is expected to generate a positive return
The Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) or Profitability Index (PI) is a financial metric used to evaluate the feasibility and profitability of an investment. It is calculated by dividing the total present value of expected cash flows by the initial investment.
In this case, the BCR or PI would be:
BCR = (4,945,000 + 5,601,222 + 4,684,525) / 13,500,000 = 1.14
A BCR or PI greater than 1 indicates that the investment is expected to generate a positive return, and therefore, would be a profitable investment. Since the BCR for this investment is 1.14, it is expected to generate a positive return and would be a recommended investment.
However, it is important to consider other factors such as the risk associated with the investment, the company's overall financial situation, and the availability of alternative investment options before making a final decision.
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Question 1
Spinning the Career Wheel How will the study of accounting help you? A working knowledge of accounting is desirable for virtually every field of business. Some examples of how accounting is used in business careers include:
General management: Managers at Ford Motors, Massachusetts General Hospital, California State University— Fullerton, a McDonald’s franchise, and a Trek bike shop all need to understand accounting data in order to make wise business decisions.
Marketing: Marketing specialists at Procter & Gamble, must be sensitive to costs and benefits, which accounting helps them quantify and understand. Making a sale is meaningless unless it is a profi table sale.
Finance: Do you want to be a banker for Citicorp, an investment analyst for Goldman Sachs, or a stock broker for Merrill Lynch? These fields rely heavily on accounting knowledge to analyze financial statements. In fact, it is difficult to get a good job in a finance function without two or three courses in accounting.
Real estate: Are you interested in being a real estate broker for Prudential Real Estate? Because a third party—the bank—is almost always involved in financing a real estate transaction, brokers must understand the numbers involved: Can the buyer afford to make the payments to the bank? Does the cash flow from an industrial property justify the purchase price? What are the tax benefits of the purchase?
Required:
Indicate the accounting knowledge you will need in your workplace.
Describe any THREE (3) usages of accounting information which you are finding useful at your workplace. (15 marks)
Could you please solve this question as soon as possible?
The study of accounting can be helpful in a wide range of careers, including general management, marketing, finance, and real estate.
In general management, accounting knowledge is used to make wise business decisions based on accounting data. In marketing, accounting is used to quantify and understand costs and benefits.
In finance, accounting knowledge is used to analyze financial statements, and is essential for getting a good job in the finance field. In real estate, accounting knowledge is used to understand the numbers involved in a transaction, such as the buyer's ability to make payments and the cash flow from a property.
The accounting knowledge needed in the workplace will vary depending on the specific career field. However, some general accounting knowledge that is useful in most careers includes understanding financial statements, budgeting, cost-benefit analysis, and tax considerations.
Three specific usages of accounting information that can be useful in the workplace are:
Budgeting: Accounting information is used to create budgets and track expenses, helping businesses stay within their budget and make informed financial decisions.Cost-benefit analysis: Accounting information is used to quantify and compare the costs and benefits of different business decisions, helping businesses make the most profitable choices.Tax considerations: Accounting information is used to understand the tax implications of different business decisions, helping businesses minimize their tax liability and comply with tax laws.Learn more about accounting knowledge brainly.com/question/24081234
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Performance Appraisal Issues Jocelyn took a deep breath and took another look at the clock. It was 5:45 p.m. and still no Melvin. Start Up Central was running its fifth session in the eight-week Hatchery program from 6:00 p.m. until 8:00 p.m., and Melvin was scheduled to facilitate the session. The front door bells jingled and two more keen entrepreneurs entered the collision space for the reception before the session. They hung up their coats and headed toward the coffee and snack station. joining the other entrepreneurs gathered in anticipation of tonight's session. The event calendar indicated they should expect representatives from 12 early-stage companies, although Jocelyn knew from experience that others might decide to show up at the last minute. Tonight was their practice pitch event and all representatives would get the opportunity to spend three minutes describing their business opportunity to the mock investors in the room and receive feedback on their performance The entrepreneurs had been generating their business canvases and crafting their pitch decks in the weeks since the Hatchery program had begun. On the final night just three weeks from tonight, they would be pitching their business opportunities to an angel investment crowd in the greater Toronto area Back when Start Up Central was just getting off the ground, Jocelyn had led the Hatchery program herself She was the inaugural executive director of Start Up Central, which was founded by a group of serial entrepreneurs in the Toronto aren. The group had put seed money into Start Up Central with a view to developing new entrepreneurs in a boot camp type fashion. Jocelyn herself had built a social marketing company that had been acquired by Forbes four years ago. With a successful experience building Page 23 and then exiting a startup herself, she found the executive director role filled her desire to give back to the community by connecting new entrepreneurs with the various resources they needed to make their business dreams come true. Building Start Up Central and setting new entrepreneurs up for success was ord Chan job to Jocelyn it had become her life's work. But there was a reason she had hired Melvin to now shoulder some of the Start Up Central workload Jocely eelt at hier des since before 8 am that morning. She had met with their advisorsroun over 4 Teported From lunch, provided input on a panel to the Ontario provincial government about their Young Entrepreneurs program, and placed calls to secure business advisors for the next round of the Hatchery program beginning in the fall. When Jocelyn had decided to bring on an entrepreneur-in-residence (ER). Melvin had come strongly recommended by one of the advisors on the Start Up Central advisory group. When she had met with him, he exuded confidence and was credible in the EiR role. He had been a serial entrepreneur for 10 years, but was still "relatable to the new entrepreneur crowd. In Jocelyn's experience, the distance between start-up hopefuls and some of the successful entrepreneurs in the greater Toronto area was perceived as vast. As well, the travel and commitment schedules of many of the super successful entrepreneurs meant they weren't available for eight Wednesdays in a row to help with the Hatchery program. Through his EiR role, Melvin was still able to be engaged in his own start-up ventures, but he received a stipend from Start Up Central to act as an advisor one-on-one to the start-up companies in their programs and to attend their events. Jocelyn thought that the $50,000 per year stipend they were paying him was at least enough to get him to show up for the Hatchery program as the lead facilitator. Jocelyn pushed back her chair and sighed. She stood up and grabbed her suit jacket, prepared to go out and lead tonight's practice pitch event. She put a smile on her face and tried to leave her frustration with Melvin behind as she went out to greet the budding entrepreneurs. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. Are there any differences between Melvin as an entrepreneur in-residence with a stipend as compared to an employee of Start Up Central Discuss. 2. As Jocelyn, how would you handle Melvin's absence? How would you ensure that Melvin has clear performance expectations? 3. If this was Melvin's third unexplained absence as compared to his first, how would you set up a set of steps to ensure performance improvement? St Pet 4. Is absence a reason for just cause dismissal? Explain the documentation and steps you would have to take to dismiss Melvin for just cause.
The answers to the given questions are given below:
Are there any differences between Melvin as an entrepreneur in residence with a stipend as compared to an employee of Start up central? Discuss.Yes, there is a difference between Melvin as an entrepreneur in residence with a stipend as opposed to an employee of Startup central. Entrepreneur-In-Residence (EIR) job is to create new entrepreneurial opportunities for law firms.
They offer technical advises and services to the emerging entrepreneur in their business measures and decisions to acquire clients for the law firms,
As Jocelyn, how would you handle Melvin's absence? How would you ensure that Melvin has clear performance expectation?
Like Jocelyn, the absence of Melvin is to be dealt with with with extremely carefully in the professional world, making it important to take into account Melvin's unprofessional attitude.
Since it might give the entrepreneurs a negative impact as things are colliding with Jocelyn and Melvin.
To make sure that Melvin has reasonable performance goals it is receiving a whopping $50,000 per annum in grants as a lead facilitator for the hatchery programme.
If this was Melvin's third unexplained absence as compared to his first, how would you set up a set of steps to ensure performance improvement?
If it is the third unexplained absence for Melvin compared with his first, the performance improvement plan must be established by developing the following;
Melvin has a responsibility to obey the appropriate Start-Up Central instructions.
Melvin must have the duty, responsibility and place entrusted to him in his capacity as a consultant.
Melvin must be obliged to obey the policies and rules of Start-Up Central.
Start-Up Central must make sure it clearly shows that the workplace is fair for everyone.
To hold a conversation with Melvin, that it should be addressed if there is a conscious absence or if there are any valid factors, such as health conditions or personal reasons.
Start Up Central is free to call Melvin in the event that its lack of problems can not be overcome despite the performance management guidelines.
Is absence a reason for just cause dismissal? Explain the documentation and steps you would have to take to dismiss Melvin for just cause.
Yeah, absence is a justification for only dismissal.
For Melvin, he ought, before continuing with his dismissal for fair cause, to have formally been warned of his daily absence. Melvin should have again been explicitly told of the position and obligations of Melvin and why he is paid according to the contract if anything.
Melvin needs to know that his daily absence costs the business a lot for no good cause, and Start-up Central is free to step down if he does not further change his conduct. Surely, the dismissal for absenteeism for Just Cause is justified if things don't go north hand.
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On June 30, 2018, Georgia-Atlantic, Inc. , leased warehouse equipment from IC Leasing Corporation. The lease agreement calls for Georgia-Atlantic to make semiannual lease payments of $562,907 over a three-year lease term, payable each June 30 and December 31, with the first payment at June 30, 2018. Georgia-Atlantic’s incremental borrowing rate is 10%, the same rate IC used to calculate lease payment amounts. IC purchased the equipment from Builders, Inc. At a cost of $3 million. (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, PVA of $1, FVAD of $1 and PVAD of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided. )
Georgia-Atlantic's present value of lease payments is PVL = $1,547,087.74. The fair value of the lease liability is FVL = $2,079,572.35.
Georgia-Atlantic's present value of lease payments (PVL) can be calculated using the Present Value of an Annuity Due of 1 factor with a present value of $1 from the tables provided. The formula for PVL is as follows:
PVL = [$562,907 x (1 - (1 + 10%)-3)/10%] x (1 + 10%)
PVL = $1,547,087.74
The fair value of the lease liability (FVL) for Georgia-Atlantic can be calculated using the Future Value of an Annuity Due of 1 factor with a future value of $1 from the tables provided. The formula for FVL is as follows:
FVL = [$562,907 x ((1 + 10%)3 - 1)/10%] x (1 + 10%)
FVL = $2,079,572.35
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The Million Dollar Mission You're sitting in math class, minding your own business, when in walks a Bill Gates kind of guy - the real success story of your school. He's made it big, and now he has a job offer for you. He doesn't give too many details, mumbles something about the possibility of danger. He's going to need you for 30 days, and you'll have to miss school. (Won't that just be too avful?) And you've got to make sure your passport is current. (Ok - no big deal). But do you ever sit up at the next thing he says: You'll have your choice of two payment options: 1 One cent on the first day, two cents on the second day, and double your salary every day thereafter for the thirty days; or 2. Exactly $1,000,000. (That's one million dollars!) You jump up out of your seat at that. You've got your man, Bill, right herel You'll take that million. You are there. And off you go on this dangerous million-dollar mission. So how smart was this guy? Did you make the best choice? Before we decide for sure, let's investigate the first payment option. Complete the table for the first week's work. So, atter a whole week you would have only made. That's pretty awful, all right. There's no way to make a million in a month at this rate. Right? Let's check out the second week. Complete the second table. We're getting into some serious money here now, but still nowhere even close to a million. And there's only 10 days left. So it looks like the million dollars is the best deal. Of course, we suspected that all along. Hold itl Look what has happened. What's going on here? This can't be right. This is amazing. Look how fast this pay is growing. Let's keep going. I can't wait to see what the total will be. In 30 days, it increases from 1 penny to over dollars. That is absolutely amazing! Explain what should be the best choice of pay for the 30 day period. Explain what type of function is modeled in the first option. Determine the initial amount and multiplier used to determine each day's pay, where
t=0 would be day 1 (fill in the blanks):
The best choice of pay for the 30 day period would be the first option, where you receive one cent on the first day, two cents on the second day, and double your salary every day thereafter for the thirty days. The type of function that is modeled in the first option is an exponential function. This is because the amount of money you receive each day is increasing at an exponential rate, meaning that it is doubling each day.
This is because, although it may seem like the second option of receiving exactly $1,000,000 is the better choice, the first option actually results in a larger amount of money by the end of the 30 days.
The type of function that is modeled in the first option is an exponential function. This is because the amount of money you receive each day is increasing at an exponential rate, meaning that it is doubling each day.
The initial amount for this exponential function is 1 cent, or $0.01, and the multiplier is 2, since the amount of money you receive each day is doubling. Therefore, the function can be written as f(t) = 0.01(2)^t, where t=0 would be day 1.
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An example of a money market instrument is: a. A Treasury- bill.
b. A certificate of deposit. c. A corporate bond. d. A treasury-
bond.
An example of a money market instrument is: b. A certificate of deposit.
Money market instruments are short-term debt securities that are used by corporations, banks, and governments to raise funds. They typically have maturities of one year or less and are considered to be low-risk investments. Examples of money market instruments include:
- Treasury bills: Short-term debt securities issued by the U.S. government with maturities of one year or less.
- Certificates of deposit (CDs): Time deposits offered by banks that pay a fixed interest rate and have a specific maturity date.
- Commercial paper: Short-term, unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations to raise funds.
- Banker's acceptances: Short-term, negotiable debt instruments that are guaranteed by a bank.
Among the options provided in the question, a certificate of deposit (CD) is an example of a money market instrument. Treasury bills are also considered money market instruments, but treasury bonds are not, as they have maturities of more than one year. Corporate bonds are also not considered money market instruments, as they typically have maturities of more than one year and are considered to be higher-risk investments.
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Environment of business exerts multi-dimensional pressure on
businesses. How can businesses information systems respond to these
pressures more effectively?
Businesses information systems respond effectively to these pressures by provide them with the insights and data they need to remain competitive.
Environment of business can exert multi-dimensional pressure on businesses, such as changes in customer preferences, emerging technologies, and globalization.
Information systems can help businesses to better understand customer preferences, predict and respond to market changes, and gain better access to new technologies.
Additionally, they can help businesses to increase efficiency, minimize costs, and improve collaboration between departments and across the global organization.
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1. "Development finance plays an important in expanding capital availability to finance economic growth and development". Discuss.
2. As a Development Finance Expert, what policy interventions would you propose for attracting remittances? How do international remittances influence growth and development?
3. The Ghana Government established a National Development Bank in 2021 (Development Bank Ghana) with funding from the World Bank, European Investment Bank (EIB) and KfW Development Bank. What are the motivations for establishing a National Development Bank in Ghana? What challenges do you envisage such a bank will encounter?
Note:
• Length of each assignment: Maximum 5 pages long (New Times Roman, font size 12, 1 ½ space).
1. Development finance is a type of financial service that is dedicated to providing capital to businesses and organizations that are engaged in activities related to economic growth and development.
2. To attract remittances, policy interventions should focus on lowering the costs of sending money abroad, as well as ensuring that remittances are directed to areas where they can be used most effectively.
3. The Ghana Government established the Development Bank Ghana (DBG) in 2021 with funding from the World Bank, the European Investment Bank (EIB) and KfW Development Bank.
1. Development finance aims to create positive economic, social and environmental impacts, as well as generate financial returns. Development finance is a key element of financial inclusion, as it encourages increased access to capital, investment, and innovation.
Development finance can be used to finance large-scale projects such as infrastructure, as well as smaller-scale projects that support small businesses and entrepreneurs. It also has an important role to play in addressing poverty and inequality, as it can provide capital for activities that promote economic inclusion, such as microfinance and access to housing and education.
2. Remittance transfer fees should be kept as low as possible, and public and private sector initiatives should be introduced to promote financial literacy and awareness of remittance services. Other initiatives could include the creation of low-cost remittance corridors, the development of innovative remittance services such as mobile money, and the creation of diaspora savings schemes.
3. The motivations for establishing the DBG are to increase access to finance, boost economic growth, and promote poverty reduction and financial inclusion. The bank is expected to facilitate private sector investment in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), provide risk capital for new and innovative businesses, and offer financing for infrastructure projects.
The challenges that the DBG is likely to face include limited capacity and resources to implement projects and manage risk, as well as difficulty in accessing additional capital. The bank is also likely to face challenges in dealing with the competing interests of its donors and shareholders, as well as managing its own financial resources. In addition, the bank may encounter resistance from local stakeholders, who may have different priorities and objectives than the DBG.
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The specialty cruise has a pirate theme and goes on fun missions. Cruise members become part of the crew. For this question, use the following business rules:
Cruise ships generate revenue from two sources: ticket sales and onboard purchases made by passengers using pre-loaded cruise cards and wristbands with chips (e.g., alcoholic beverages, casino games, spa services, art auctions, and shore excursions).
The specialty cruise follows a pleasant objective and has a suitable theme. The cruise passenger joins the staff. Use the following business principles to answer this question:
1. The captain and each cruiser have individual IDs.
2. A parrot that can go to another captain is only owned by a captain.
3. On a ship, there are a lot of crew members.
4. Each mission includes one or more ships and a special mission number.
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Write about logistics performance priorities for "Any Saudi" fast food restaurant chain in Covid 19 restrictions; explain why you have come to your conclusions:The Answer must follow the outline points below:1. Executive summary (2 Mark, word count rage 400-500)- Summarize what is logistics performance priorities, what Logistics and Supply Chain Management concepts/tools applied to achieve the company’s objective.2. Background information (2 Mark, word count rage 400-500)- Briefly introduce the company background (e.g., name, products, business size, location, internal/external interesting facts, etc).
1. The logistics performance priorities for "Any Saudi" fast food restaurant chain during the Covid-19 restrictions involve ensuring the timely and efficient delivery of food products, maintaining proper inventory levels, and adapting to changes in demand. 2."Any Saudi" is a fast food restaurant chain that specializes in traditional Saudi cuisine. The company operates several locations throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and is known for its high-quality food and excellent customer service.
1.Executive Summary:The company must apply logistics and supply chain management concepts and tools such as inventory management, forecasting, and transportation management to achieve its objectives during these challenging times.
2. Background Information:
Due to the Covid-19 restrictions, the company has had to adapt its business model to continue serving its customers while ensuring the safety of its employees and customers. This has included implementing measures such as contactless delivery, curbside pickup, and social distancing in its restaurants. Despite these challenges, "Any Saudi" has continued to thrive and maintain its reputation as one of the top fast food chains in the country.
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Read the following scenario before answering the questions that follow.
As the CEO of her company, one of Bethany’s annual priorities is to assist Anthony – her Chief Financial Officer (CFO) – in planning and calculating WorkWizard’s budget for the coming year. Every year, a key part of budgeting involves figuring out how best to divide the budget across potential investment opportunities. Although WorkWizard constantly identifies, and is inundated with, investment opportunities, the limited budget allocated to investments means that each opportunity needs to be carefully assessed. Once this is done, Bethany and her executive committee choose the most appropriate, and most financially-sound investment options, leaving the remainder of WorkWizard’s budget available for any expenses throughout the year.
In the past week, WorkWizard has received the following three investment proposals:
Option 1:
The first investment proposal is from Paper Trail, a company that specialises in utilising print media (such as newspapers, magazines, and flyers) to provide more publicity and exposure to businesses. In its proposal, Paper Trail details WorkWizard’s projected cash flow as a result of using its services over a five-year investment. Following an initial investment capital of R50,000, WorkWizard will receive cash inflows of R11,000 in year one, R7,500 in year two, R10,500 in year three, R12,000 in year four, and R15,000 in the final year.
Option 2:
The second investment proposal is from Data Detectives, a data consulting company comprising data analysts who are outsourced to companies to improve their data analysis capabilities. Through Data Detectives, companies are able to collect data about themselves and their clients, and analyse said data to draw conclusions around how to improve their services. Data Detectives also details WorkWizard’s projected cash flow as a result of using its services over a five-year investment period. Following an initial investment of R100,000, WorkWizard will receive cash inflows of R20,000 in year one, R25,000 in year two, R30,000 in year three, R15,000 in year four, and R40,000 in year five.
Option 3:
The third investment proposal is from The Green Agenda, a company focused on environmental sustainability and ensuring that companies (specifically large companies) remain environmentally conscious and lessen their impact on the environment. The Green Agenda has identified WorkWizard as being one such company that would benefit from its services, which range from introducing recycling initiatives to promoting a paperless workspace. In its proposal, The Green Agenda outlines WorkWizard’s projected cash flow through using its services over a five-year investment. Following an initial investment of R50,000, WorkWizard will receive cash inflows of R8,000 in year one, R10,000 in year two, R13,500 in year three, R16,500 in year four, and R13,000 in the final year as a result of efficiencies gained.
Based on the summaries of the proposals above, it is up to Bethany and her executive committee to decide which investment option to pursue, should any of them prove to be financially viable. In order to complete the necessary calculations, Bethany will be using an interest rate (required rate of return) of 6%. Additionally, Bethany’s CFO informs her that the internal rate of return that they will need for their calculations is also 6%. This is because he believes that they can earn a 6% return by investing in their own shares.
The current investment budget that Bethany and the executive committee have to plan with is limited at R100,000 for local investments. While Bethany may choose to use the budget to invest in one or more of the many investment proposals that WorkWizard is inundated with, she also has the option to invest the money in other investment assets, such as shares, bonds, or an alternative asset class.
Question 1
1.1 If Bethany chooses to reinvest the R100,000 local investment budget (at an internal rate of return of 6%) into purchasing shares in the company, calculate the FV of WorkWizard’s R100,000 investment, over a five-year period. (Max. 5 lines.)
1.2 If Bethany chooses to forego all investments, in favour of receiving a R100,000 cash inflow from one of WorkWizard’s external investors five years from now, what would the PV of that external investment (R100,000) be? (Max. 5 lines.)
Question 2
If you were the CEO of WorkWizard, which of the three investment options outlined in the case study would you choose to invest the R100,000 investment budget in? Your answer should include calculations around the net present value (NPV) of each investment, as well as a recommendation on whether or not to invest based on each option’s NPV and the allocated investment budget. Please note, this question is separate from Question 1. (Max. 30 lines.)
Answer 1.1
If Bethany chooses to reinvest the R100,000 local investment budget (at an internal rate of return of 6%) into purchasing shares in the company, the FV of WorkWizard’s R100,000 investment, over a five-year period would be:
FV = PV * (1 + r)^n
FV = R100,000 * (1 + 0.06)^5
FV = R100,000 * 1.3382255776
FV = R133,822.56
Answer 1.2
If Bethany chooses to forego all investments, in favour of receiving a R100,000 cash inflow from one of WorkWizard’s external investors five years from now, the PV of that external investment (R100,000) would be:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
PV = R100,000 / (1 + 0.06)^5
PV = R100,000 / 1.3382255776
PV = R74,730.16
Answer 2
If I were the CEO of WorkWizard, I would calculate the net present value (NPV) of each investment option to determine which one would be the most financially viable. The NPV of each investment option would be calculated as follows:
Option 1:
NPV = -R50,000 + (R11,000 / (1 + 0.06)^1) + (R7,500 / (1 + 0.06)^2) + (R10,500 / (1 + 0.06)^3) + (R12,000 / (1 + 0.06)^4) + (R15,000 / (1 + 0.06)^5)
NPV = -R50,000 + R10,377.36 + R6,677.01 + R8,838.65 + R9,056.18 + R10,610.36
NPV = -R4,440.44
Option 2:
NPV = -R100,000 + (R20,000 / (1 + 0.06)^1) + (R25,000 / (1 + 0.06)^2) + (R30,000 / (1 + 0.06)^3) + (R15,000 / (1 + 0.06)^4) + (R40,000 / (1 + 0.06)^5)
NPV = -R100,000 + R18,867.92 + R22,241.36 + R25,227.06 + R11,304.23 + R28,267.18
NPV = R5,907.75
Option 3:
NPV = -R50,000 + (R8,000 / (1 + 0.06)^1) + (R10,000 / (1 + 0.06)^2) + (R13,500 / (1 + 0.06)^3) + (R16,500 / (1 + 0.06)^4) + (R13,000 / (1 + 0.06)^5)
NPV = -R50,000 + R7,547.17 + R8,896.68 + R11,368.04 + R12,432.27 + R9,195.43
NPV = -R560.41
Based on the NPV calculations, Option 2 would be the most financially viable investment option, as it has the highest positive NPV of R5,907.75. Therefore, I would choose to invest the R100,000 investment budget in Option 2.
However, it is important to note that the allocated investment budget may not be sufficient to cover the initial investment of R100,000 for Option 2, so additional funding may need to be secured.
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The following transactions were completed by the company.
The company completed consulting work for a client and immediately collected $6,600 cash earned.
The company completed commission work for a client and sent a bill for $5,100 to be received within 30 days.
The company paid an assistant $1,950 cash as wages for the period.
The company collected $2,550 cash as a partial payment for the amount owed by the client in transaction b. The company paid $920 cash for this period's cleaning services.
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
Cash + Accounts Receivable = Accounts Payable + Common Stock − Dividends + Revenue − Expenses
a. + = + − + − b. + = + − + − Bal. 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 − 0 + 0 − 0
c. + = + − + − Bal. 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 − 0 + 0 − 0
d. + = + − + − Bal. 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 − 0 + 0 − 0
e. + = + − + − Bal. 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 − 0 + 0 − 0
The business got $6,600 in cash for finished consulting work, submitted a bill for $5,100 in commission work, paid $1,950 in compensation, received a partial payment of $2,550, and paid $920 for cleaning services.
According to the recorded transactions, the business was paid $6,600 in cash for rendering consultancy services to a client. The company's cash position was enhanced by the payment for the consultancy job. In addition, the business sent a client a charge for $5,100 for commission services, which will raise accounts receivable until payment is made. The company's cash balance was reduced by $1,950 because of a payment made to an assistant. Also, the business received a $2,550 partial payment from the client for the unpaid balance, raising its cash on hand. Last but not least, the business spent $920 in cash for cleaning services, reducing its cash on hand.
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States are sometimes referred to as "the laboratories of democracy," that is, one state may experiment with a different approach, which other states may emulate if the experiment succeeds but spurn if the experiment doesn’t succeed. Is the MSAPA project inconsistent with that idea? Does the MSAPA threaten to impose a uniformity inconsistent with creativity and experimentation? If so, would we be paying too high a price for procedural harmonization?
The MSAPA (Model State Administrative Procedure Act) project is not necessarily inconsistent with the idea of states being "laboratories of democracy." The MSAPA is a model act that provides guidance for states in creating their own administrative procedure laws. While it does promote uniformity in certain aspects, it also allows for states to tailor the act to their own needs and circumstances.
Furthermore, the MSAPA does not impose uniformity in the sense that it forces states to adopt its provisions. Rather, it is a voluntary model that states can choose to adopt or not. Therefore, it does not threaten to impose a uniformity inconsistent with creativity and experimentation.
In terms of the price of procedural harmonization, it is important to consider the benefits that come with it, such as increased efficiency and consistency in administrative procedures. While there may be some trade-offs, the MSAPA does not necessarily impose a uniformity that would stifle creativity and experimentation in the states.
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Frank Manzano owns 60% of Manzano and Sons, Inc., a manufacturing company. His son, Frank Jr. owns the other 40%. Frank wants to retire and let Jr. take over so he sets up the following transaction: The corporation will redeem all of his stock for $3,000,000 and will file an affidavit with the IRS agreeing to have nothing to do with the operations of the business for 10 years. Note that he has a basis is his stock of $1.4 million.
However, there is a complication. He owns the building and land that the company works out of himself and receives lease payments of $120,000/year for the property. This would continue after he retires. These payments have been determined to be reasonable under IRS guidelines.
Question: What are the tax consequences of this transaction (the redemption) to Frank?
The tax consequences of this transaction for Frank include capital gains tax on the redemption of his stock, tax on the lease payments he receives, and the removal of self-employment tax on any income he receives from the business after he retires.The tax consequences of this transaction for Frank are explained.
1. Capital Gains Tax: Frank will have to pay capital gains tax on the difference between the redemption price ($3,000,000) and his basis in the stock ($1,400,000). This means that he will have to pay tax on a gain of $1,600,000.
2. Lease Payments: Frank will continue to receive lease payments of $120,000/year after he retires. These payments are considered passive income and will be taxed at the appropriate tax rate.
3. Affidavit with the IRS: By filing an affidavit with the IRS agreeing to have nothing to do with the operations of the business for 10 years, Frank is effectively removing himself from the business. This means that he will not be subject to self-employment tax on any income he receives from the business during this time.
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Identify the three ways in which Mary Parker Follett believed managers typically deal with conflict.
a. Coercion, mediation, and integration
b. Domination, compromise, and integration
c. Administration, coercion, and negotiation
d. Facilitation, mediation, and coercion
e. Accommodation, mediation, and coercion
According to Mary Parker Follett, the three ways in which managers typically deal with conflict are: domination, compromise, and integration. Therefore, the correct answer is option b. Domination, compromise, and integration.
Domination is when one party imposes their solution on the other party. Compromise is when both parties give up something in order to reach a solution. Integration is when both parties work together to come up with a solution that meets the needs of both parties. In conclusion, the three ways in which Mary Parker Follett believed managers typically deal with conflict are domination, compromise, and integration.
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2. Choose at least 3 go-to-market channels which you considerthe most effective nowadays and describe how they are used inRetail industry. (250)
In the Retail industry, three go-to-market channels that are currently considered the most effective are e-commerce, physical retail stores, and social media.
E-commerce is an increasingly popular platform for selling retail products. Online retailers use a variety of strategies to reach customers, such as SEO optimization, targeted advertising, and digital marketing. Additionally, e-commerce stores often offer more competitive prices and more convenient shipping options than their physical counterparts.
Physical retail stores are still a popular and viable option for selling retail products. These stores typically feature well-designed displays, knowledgeable staff, and engaging in-store experiences that can help increase sales. Additionally, many retail stores offer loyalty programs and special discounts to customers to encourage repeat purchases.
Finally, social media is becoming an increasingly important part of the retail industry. Retailers use social media to build relationships with customers, increase brand awareness, and drive sales. Strategies such as influencer marketing, targeted advertising, and user-generated content can help retailers reach their target customers on social media platforms.
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Problem 1: Littlewoods Rule (10 points) A newly created AirRarotonga flight from Rarotonga to Aitutaki has 20 seats. The high fare on the flight is $800 and the restricted/low fare is $300. There is ample demand for the low fare class, but high fare demand is random. Further, the customers who buy low fares buy their tickets well in advance before high fare customers. Assume the demand d for the high fare is distributed according to the following discrete probability distribution: 16 demand al 0 21 31 Probid 0.005 0.005 0.01 0.05 51 0.11 61 02 011 71 81 91 10 11 12131 14 151 0.2 0.15 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.015 0,015 0.01 When answering the following questions, show your calculations. a. Mr. Wright is in charge of the flight booking operations and decides to set a protection level for the high fare. What is the optimal protection level for the high fare? (2 points) b. Suppose a protection level of 8 is chosen. How many high fare passengers does the airline expect to turn away due to a lack of capacity? (2 points) c. Suppose a protection level of 8 is chosen. How many seats are expectedly empty at departure? (2 points) d. Assuming a protection level of 8, what is the total expected revenue for low and high fare passengers? Write down your analytical calculation. (2 points) e. Suggest two reasonable extensions to the optimization model that is underlying Littlewood's rule and motivate your suggestion. What challenges do you expect with these extensions? (2 points)
a.) The rule states that the protection level should be the maximum demand for the high fare class minus one.
b.) The airline can expect to turn away 8 high fare passengers due to lack of capacity.
c.) The airline can expect 12 seats to be empty at departure
d.) The total expected revenue for low and high fare passengers
e.) Additional factors such as seasonality, weather and additional variables.
a. Mr. Wright is in charge of the flight booking operations and decides to set a protection level for the high fare. What is the optimal protection level for the high fare? (2 points)
The optimal protection level for the high fare can be determined by using Littlewood's rule. This rule states that the protection level should be the maximum demand for the high fare class minus one. In this case, the maximum demand for the high fare is 16, therefore the optimal protection level for the high fare is 15.
b. Suppose a protection level of 8 is chosen. How many high fare passengers does the airline expect to turn away due to a lack of capacity? (2 points)
Given a protection level of 8, the airline can expect to turn away 8 high fare passengers due to lack of capacity.
c. Suppose a protection level of 8 is chosen. How many seats are expectedly empty at departure? (2 points)
Given a protection level of 8, the airline can expect 12 seats to be empty at departure (20 total seats - 8 protection level = 12 empty seats).
d. Assuming a protection level of 8, what is the total expected revenue for low and high fare passengers? Write down your analytical calculation. (2 points)
Assuming a protection level of 8, the total expected revenue for low and high fare passengers can be calculated using the following formula:
Expected Revenue = (Low Fare Demand * Low Fare Price) + (High Fare Demand * High Fare Price)
Therefore, the total expected revenue is:
(16 * $300) + (8 * $800) = $7,200
e. Suggest two reasonable extensions to the optimization model that is underlying Littlewood's rule and motivate your suggestion. What challenges do you expect with these extensions? (2 points)
Two reasonable extensions to the optimization model underlying Littlewood's rule are:
1. Taking into account additional factors such as seasonality, weather, or availability of competitors' flights. This would provide more comprehensive insights into the demand for high fare class and would enable the airline to make better decisions about the protection level.
2. Introducing additional variables such as the cost of each additional seat sold beyond the protection level, or the expected lost revenue for each additional seat turned away due to the lack of capacity. This would allow the airline to make more informed decisions when setting the protection level.
The main challenge with these extensions would be obtaining accurate data on all the additional factors, as well as ensuring the accuracy of the calculations.
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1. Which form should be used to record customer prepayments (deposits)?a. Record Depositsb. Create Sales Receiptsc. Write Chequesd. Receive Payments2. How many days after the invoice date is the full amount of an invoice due if the termsof sale are 1/10, n/30?a. 1 dayb. 10 daysc. 30 daysd. Immediately3. What discount would be applied for early payment of an invoice with sales terms of 1/10, n/30?a. 1% b. 2% c. 10% d. 30%4. What type of account is the Sales Discounts account? a. Contra-Revenueb. Revenuec. Contra-Expensed. Asset5. Which form should be used to enter a transaction involving a Purchase Discount?a. Make General Journal Entriesb. Pay Billsc. Enter Billsd. Receive Bills6. What form should be used to enter Vendor prepayments?a. Write Chequesb. Enter Billsc. Purchase Ordersd. Pay Bills57. What are the steps for turning on Sales Estimates in a QuickBooks company file?a. Open the Company menu, then choose Company Information and select theEstimates checkboxb. Open the Company Snapshot, then select the Estimates checkboxc. Open the Edit menu, then choose Preferences. From the Jobs and EstimatesCompany Preferences tab, click Yes under Do You Create Estimates?d. From the Customer Center, select Sales Preferences, and then click the Yes buttonunder Estimates.8. Which of the following represents the journal entry created when a credit is applied to a customer account?a. Debit Bank ChequingCredit Accounts Receivableb. Debit Accounts ReceivableCredit Bank Chequingc. Debit RevenueCredit Accounts Receivabled. No journal entry is created
1. The correct form to be used to record customer prepayments (deposits) is Record Deposits (Option A). 2. The full amount of an invoice is due 30 days after the invoice date if the terms of sale are 1/10, n/30 us 30 days (Option C). 3. The discount that would be applied for early payment of an invoice with sales terms of 1/10, n/30 is 1% (Option A). 4. The Sales Discounts account is a Contra-Revenue account (Option A). 5. The correct form to be used to enter a transaction involving a Purchase Discount is Pay Bills (Option B). 6. The correct form to be used to enter Vendor prepayments is Write Cheques (Option A). 7. The correct steps for turning on Sales Estimates in a QuickBooks company file are Open the Edit menu, then choose Preferences (Option C). 8. The correct journal entry created when a credit is applied to a customer account is Debit Accounts Receivable, Credit Bank Chequing (Option B).
Correct options:1. The correct form to be used to record customer prepayments (deposits) is Record Deposits. This form is used to record any deposits or prepayments from customers before the sale is finalized. Therefore, the correct option is a.
2. The full amount of an invoice is due 30 days after the invoice date if the terms of sale are 1/10, n/30 is 30 days. This means that the customer has 30 days to pay the full amount, but can receive a 1% discount if they pay within 10 days. Therefore, the correct option is c.
3. The discount that would be applied for early payment of an invoice with sales terms of 1/10, n/30 is 1%. This means that the customer will receive a 1% discount if they pay within 10 days of the invoice date. Therefore, the correct option is a.
4. The Sales Discounts account is a Contra-Revenue account. This means that it is used to reduce the amount of revenue recorded for a sale. Therefore, the correct option is a.
5. The correct form to be used to enter a transaction involving a Purchase Discount is Pay Bills. This form is used to record the payment of bills, including any discounts that are applied. Therefore, the correct option is b.
6. The correct form to be used to enter Vendor prepayments is Write Cheques. This form is used to record any prepayments or deposits made to vendors before the purchase is finalized. Therefore, the correct option is a.
7. The correct steps for turning on Sales Estimates in a QuickBooks company file are Open the Edit menu, then choose Preferences. From the Jobs and Estimates Company Preferences tab, click Yes under Do You Create Estimates? This will enable the use of estimates in the company file. Therefore, the correct option is c.
8. The correct journal entry created when a credit is applied to a customer account is Debit Accounts Receivable, Credit Bank Chequing. This entry reduces the amount owed by the customer and increases the amount in the bank account. Therefore, the correct option is b.
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5TH GRADE
What are your career goals?
(PLEASE HELP ME I NEED EXAMPLES)
You are the CFO of The Maxim Group Inc. As part of your planning process, you are considering outsourcing production of a small component (the widget) of the company's main product. You have created the following scenario analysis for next year's production: Outcome Probability Widget Units Needed Exceptional 35% 1,000,000 Average 50% 800,000 Poor 15% 700,000
IF the company continues to manufacture this product "in-house", the variable cost per unit is $15.33. The fixed costs are $10M in total. ALTERNATIVELY, the company could outsource production of the widget, and the new supplier has quoted a price of $27 per widget. Based on the above facts, and ignoring other more esoteric concepts as supply chain security, should the company outsource production of the widget? Why? NOTE: this is a tough question - not that the calculations are hard, the insight is difficult. As a hint, and this may give too much away, do a thought experiment. Imagine you were running a business, and a supplier of an important part your business uses offers you two potential deals for next year – the first, buy all supplied parts for $100 each, no matter what happens. Alternatively, the second, if the economy is great, pay $120 each, if normal $100, and if poor $50. You do the math in your head, applying your own subjective probabilities to each, and estimate the average cost will be $140. Which do you choose – I think I would pay $120 for certain rather than an average of $140 but possibly more possibly less! (5 points)
The the company should outsource the production of the widget based on the provided information and advantages such as stability and predictability of outsourcing over risking the potential for unexpected costs and disruptions associated with producing the widget in-house.
As the CFO of The Maxim Group Inc., it is important to consider the potential costs and benefits of outsourcing production of the widget. Based on the scenario analysis for next year's production, we can calculate the expected cost of producing the widget in-house versus outsourcing it to a new supplier.
If the company continues to manufacture the widget in-house, the expected cost can be calculated as follows:
Exceptional outcome: (1,000,000 units x $15.33 variable cost) + $10M fixed costs = $25.33M
Average outcome: (800,000 units x $15.33 variable cost) + $10M fixed costs = $22.264M
Poor outcome: (700,000 units x $15.33 variable cost) + $10M fixed costs = $20.731M
The expected cost of producing the widget in-house is the sum of the probabilities of each outcome multiplied by the cost of that outcome:
(0.35 x $25.33M) + (0.5 x $22.264M) + (0.15 x $20.731M) = $23.057M
Alternatively, if the company outsources production of the widget, the expected cost can be calculated as follows:
Exceptional outcome: 1,000,000 units x $27 = $27M
Average outcome: 800,000 units x $27 = $21.6M
Poor outcome: 700,000 units x $27 = $18.9M
The expected cost of outsourcing the widget is the sum of the probabilities of each outcome multiplied by the cost of that outcome:
(0.35 x $27M) + (0.5 x $21.6M) + (0.15 x $18.9M) = $23.535M
Based on these calculations, the expected cost of producing the widget in-house is slightly lower than the expected cost of outsourcing it. However, it is important to consider the potential risks and benefits of each option. Outsourcing may provide more stability and predictability in terms of costs, but it also introduces the risk of supply chain disruptions and potential quality issues.
On the other hand, producing the widget in-house may allow for more control over the production process, but it also carries the risk of unexpected costs and potential inefficiencies.
Ultimately, the decision to outsource production of the widget should be based on a careful consideration of the potential costs, benefits, and risks of each option. As suggested in the thought experiment, it may be worth paying a slightly higher cost for the stability and predictability of outsourcing, rather than risking the potential for unexpected costs and disruptions associated with producing the widget in-house.
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please i need a different answer not copy and paste
Assignment 2
You are the Project Manager for a software development project for Tema Oil Refinery. Discuss the duties and responsibilities that you will perform on this project.
As a Project Manager for a software development project for Tema Oil Refinery, my duties and responsibilities will include managing project scope, timelines, budgets, risks, and resources, ensuring project quality, communicating with stakeholders, and facilitating team collaboration to deliver the project within the agreed parameters.
The Project Manager will oversee the project from inception to delivery, ensuring the project is delivered within budget, timeline, and scope. They will manage the project team, ensuring that each member understands their roles and responsibilities and that everyone is working collaboratively. The PM will also monitor project progress, identifying and addressing risks and issues that may arise, communicating with stakeholders, and providing regular project updates.
Additionally, they will oversee project documentation, ensuring that all deliverables meet quality standards and are delivered on time. Finally, the PM will conduct post-project reviews to evaluate the success of the project and identify areas for improvement in future projects.
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1) You've been working as a personal financial planner (PFP) for the past decade. One day you hear that one of your longest running client couples have gotten a divorce. After their divorce, but before you knew about it, you'd done some work at Susan's request. Several months later Phyllis, her ex-wife, reaches out wanting you to continue to be her PFP as well. What do you do? Briefly explain your choice. a. Set up a conference call between yourself and the former couple to let them know about the conflict of interest and ask them to choose who will stay with you and who will find a new financial planner. b. Take on both as separate clients. After all, you've worked with both of them for years--and they're both fine with it. C. Explain the entire situation to the ex-wife, letting her know it would be a conflict of interest for you to work for both she and Susan. Then recommend a friend who you think would be a great CPA for her needs. d. Explain the conflict of interest to both parties and excuse yourself from working with either of them to ensure fairness. Then offer each of them the contact information for several other qualified financial planners... with the information provided above, please answer in the following in essay form:
What do you think is the ethical course of action? Why?
Respond to two other team members views
What do you think most people would do in this situation? Why?
The most ethical course of action in this situation is to explain the conflict of interest to both parties and excuse yourself from working with either of them to ensure fairness. This is the best course of action because it allows for the fairest outcome for both parties.
It ensures that each party will have their own dedicated PFP and will not be disadvantaged due to the other party's interests being taken into consideration.
Team member one: I think the most ethical course of action would be to set up a conference call between yourself and the former couple to let them know about the conflict of interest and ask them to choose who will stay with you and who will find a new financial planner.
Team member two: I think the best course of action would be to take on both as separate clients. After all, you've worked with both of them for years--and they're both fine with it.
Both of these courses of action can be considered ethical, as long as both parties are aware of the conflict of interest and are willing to be separated into separate clients.
However, it is important to note that separating into separate clients is not necessarily the fairest outcome for both parties, as one party may be more financially invested in their own interests than the other.
What do most people do in this situation? It is likely that most people would choose to set up a conference call between the former couple to let them know about the conflict of interest and ask them to choose who will stay with you and who will find a new financial planner.
This course of action would be seen as the easiest, as it requires no further research and allows for both parties to come to a decision about their future PFP together.
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1. If you are a finance manager, which goal of the firm you will pursue. How can you achieve firm's goal at the same time reduce agency costs. Should you reduce agency cost. 2. What is financial market. show a diagram the function of financial market. what is the investment banking process
3. imagine your parents want to save the cost of your BBA before you admitted in the university. after three years you will be admitted in BBA program of a well known university. now what amout should your parents deposit in a bank account to accumulate BDT 6 lac at 7% interesr rate after 3 years
4. if you buy 10 shares of square pharma each price at 67 taka (total 670 taka) now, and you sell those shares after 2 years at 700, what is the rate of returns
1. As a finance manager, the primary goal of the firm is to maximize its value by increasing profits and decreasing costs.
2. Diagram - Refer explanation
3. To accumulate BDT 6 lac at 7% interest rate after 3 years, your parents will need to deposit BDT 4,62,863 in the bank account.
4. The rate of returns in this scenario is 4.7%.
1. As a finance manager, the primary goal of the firm is to maximize its value by increasing profits and decreasing costs. To reduce agency costs, the finance manager should monitor the firm's financial performance closely and focus on preventing any potential fraud or negligence. Additionally, they should ensure proper utilization of resources and focus on reducing waste and duplication of effort.
2. A financial market is a marketplace where participants trade financial securities and other financial instruments. The diagram below outlines the various functions of the financial market and their functions, such as providing a platform for trading securities, enabling price discovery, facilitating risk transfer, and supporting economic growth.
Financial markets play a critical role in the economy by connecting savers and borrowers and promoting efficient allocation of resources. The investment banking process involves advising the clients on their investments, helping the clients with raising capital, and executing the securities of clients.
3. To accumulate BDT 6 lac at 7% interest rate after 3 years, your parents will need to deposit BDT 4,62,863 in the bank account.
4. The rate of returns in this scenario is 4.7%. This is calculated as follows:
Profit = 700 - 67 = 633
Rate of return = (Profit/ Investment) X 100 = (633/ 670) X 100 = 4.7%.
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All of the following are true about Roth IRAs,
except:
Group of answer choices
contributions to a Roth IRA are made with pretax dollars.
the broad range of investment options in Roth IRAs offer higher
The Statement "contributions to a Roth IRA are made with pretax dollars" is NOT true about Roth IRAs.
Roth IRAs are individual retirement accounts that are funded with after-tax dollars, meaning that contributions are not tax deductible. However, the earnings and withdrawals from a Roth IRA are tax-free, as long as certain conditions are met.
In contrast, traditional IRAs are funded with pretax dollars, meaning that contributions are tax deductible. However, the earnings and withdrawals from a traditional IRA are subject to income taxes.
It is also true that Roth IRAs offer a broad range of investment options, including stocks, bonds, and mutual funds, which can potentially offer higher returns than other types of retirement accounts. However, it is important to remember that all investments come with some level of risk, and there is no guarantee of higher returns.
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What are some ways that you've seen department stores,online stores , online stores,or social media ads try to activate the amygdala and encourage you to buy products
I can provide some examples of how retailers and advertisers try to activate the amygdala and encourage consumers to make purchases.
One way is through the use of persuasive language that creates a sense of urgency or scarcity. Retailers may use phrases such as "limited time only" or "while supplies last" to create a sense of urgency, while online stores may use pop-ups or banners to display how many items are left in stock.
Another way is through the use of social proof, such as customer reviews or celebrity endorsements, to create a sense of popularity and desirability around a product. This can activate the amygdala by making consumers feel like they are missing out on something if they don't also make a purchase.
Additionally, personalization and targeted advertising can create excitement and anticipation for a product, while emotional messaging or imagery can create a positive association between the product and a particular feeling or lifestyle, such as happiness or luxury. These tactics can all activate the amygdala and encourage consumers to make an emotional connection with the product and ultimately make a purchase.
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If the expected inflation rate is 6% and the real rate is 2%,what should be the nominal rate of a risk-free government bond?8.12%9.18%9.14%10.21%8.07%
The nominal rate of a risk-free government bond should be 8.12%, which is calculated by subtracting the real rate (2%) from the expected inflation rate (6%).
The nominal rate of a risk-free government bond should be 8.12%. This is because the nominal rate is calculated by adding the expected inflation rate and the real rate. In this case, the expected inflation rate is 6% and the real rate is 2%, so the nominal rate would be 6% + 2% = 8%. Therefore, the correct answer is 8.12%.
Here is the formula for calculating the nominal rate:
Nominal rate = Expected inflation rate + Real rate
So in this case, the calculation would be:
Nominal rate = 6% + 2% = 8.12%
It is important to note that the nominal rate is the rate of return on a risk-free government bond before taking into account the effects of inflation. The real rate, on the other hand, is the rate of return after adjusting for inflation. Therefore, the nominal rate is always higher than the real rate.
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Consider the following table for a seven-year period: Returns Year U.S. Treasury Bills Inflation Year 1 3.55 % −1.17 % Year 2 3.40 −2.31 Year 3 4.30 −1.21 Year 4 4.72 0.63 Year 5 2.52 −6.45 Year 6 1.40 −9.37 Year 7 1.13 −10.32 Required: What was the average real return for Treasury bills for this time period?
The average real return for Treasury bills for this time period is 7.32%
The average real return for Treasury bills can be calculated by first finding the difference between the return on Treasury bills and the inflation rate for each year, and then finding the average of those differences.
Step 1: Calculate the difference between the return on Treasury bills and the inflation rate for each year.
Year 1: 3.55 - (-1.17) = 4.72
Year 2: 3.40 - (-2.31) = 5.71
Year 3: 4.30 - (-1.21) = 5.51
Year 4: 4.72 - 0.63 = 4.09
Year 5: 2.52 - (-6.45) = 8.97
Year 6: 1.40 - (-9.37) = 10.77
Year 7: 1.13 - (-10.32) = 11.45
Step 2: Find the average of the differences.
(4.72 + 5.71 + 5.51 + 4.09 + 8.97 + 10.77 + 11.45) / 7 = 7.32
Therefore, the average real return for Treasury bills for this time period is 7.32%.
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Problem 4-18 Cost–Volume–Profit Analysis; Degree of Operating Leverage [LO1, LO3, LO4, LO5, LO8] Feather Friends, Incorporated, distributes a high-quality wooden birdhouse that sells for $20 per unit. Variable expenses are $8 per unit, and fixed expenses total $200,000 per year. Its operating results for last year were as follows:
The break-even point for Feather Friends, Incorporated is 16,667 units, the margin of safety is 8,333 units, the degree of operating leverage is 3, and the operating income is $100,000.
1. Break-even point: The break-even point is the point at which total revenue equals total costs. It can be calculated by dividing the fixed expenses by the contribution margin per unit (selling price - variable expenses). In this case, the break-even point is:
Break-even point = $200,000 / ($20 - $8) = $200,000 / $12 = 16,667 units
2. Margin of safety: The margin of safety is the difference between the actual sales and the break-even point. It can be calculated by subtracting the break-even point from the actual sales. In this case, the margin of safety is:
Margin of safety = Actual sales - Break-even point = 25,000 units - 16,667 units = 8,333 units
3. Degree of operating leverage: The degree of operating leverage is a measure of how sensitive the operating income is to changes in sales. It can be calculated by dividing the contribution margin by the operating income. In this case, the degree of operating leverage is:
Degree of operating leverage = Contribution margin / Operating income = ($12 x 25,000 units) / ($12 x 25,000 units - $200,000) = $300,000 / $100,000 = 3
4. Operating income: The operating income is the difference between the total revenue and the total expenses. It can be calculated by subtracting the total expenses from the total revenue. In this case, the operating income is:
Operating income = Total revenue - Total expenses = ($20 x 25,000 units) - ($8 x 25,000 units + $200,000) = $500,000 - $400,000 = $100,000
Therefore, the break-even point, margin of safety, degree pf operating leverage and the operating income for Feather Friends Incorporated is 16,667 units, 8,333 units, 3, and $100,000 respectively.
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We have found that a major financial risk in international business is the risk of a changing currency exchange rate. There are two basic types of currency exchange risk. One is short term Transactional currency exchange risk and the second is long term Economic, or Operational, currency exchange risk.
The Transactional risk appears when a firm enters into a transaction where a good or service is contracted and the payment is to be made in the future. An example would be buying wine from France for a cost of 100,000 euros to be delivered in three months with payment due upon receipt. If the exchange rate at the time of making the contract is $1.15 /euro the expected cost in dollars is $115,000. But, if in three months the exchange rate is $1.25/euro the realized cost will be $125,000. What can a company do to mitigate this Transaction risk?
The Economic risk/Operational risk comes from a long-term change in exchange rates that changes the economic feasibility of a business operation and the operation must be changed. My video on Foreign Direct Investments and Borrowing refer to the Japanese example, which you can use in your paper. Please include "Immunizing" Financial Statements, i.e., Income Statement and Balance Sheet as shown in my Week 8 video.
Assignment: Briefly discuss that the Bretton Woods Agreement's goal was to foster countries being economically interdependent with each other and a step toward that goal was creating a global fixed exchange rate which eliminated the exchange rate risk from international trade. Then in the 1970s the global fixed exchange rate ended and currencies floated against each other. Discuss briefly what can cause a change in exchange rates in the short term, but focus more on how a company can protect itself from Transaction risk. Then discuss briefly what can cause a long-term change in exchange rates, but focus on how a company can protect itself against that risk.
The Bretton Woods Agreement was created with the goal of fostering economic interdependence between countries by creating a global fixed exchange rate, which eliminated the risk of changing currency exchange rates in international trade.
However, in the 1970s, the global fixed exchange rate ended, and currencies began to float against each other. This introduced the risk of changing currency exchange rates, which can have a major impact on international business.
There are two basic types of currency exchange risk: Transactional currency exchange risk, which is short term, and Economic or Operational currency exchange risk, which is long term.
Transactional currency exchange risk occurs when a firm enters into a transaction where a good or service is contracted and the payment is to be made in the future. An example would be buying wine from France for a cost of 100,000 euros to be delivered in three months with payment due upon receipt.
If the exchange rate at the time of making the contract is $1.15/euro, the expected cost in dollars is $115,000. But, if in three months the exchange rate is $1.25/euro, the realized cost will be $125,000. To mitigate this risk, a company can use a variety of strategies, including hedging with forward contracts, currency options, and currency swaps.
Economic or Operational currency exchange risk comes from a long-term change in exchange rates that changes the economic feasibility of a business operation and the operation must be changed. To protect against this risk, a company can use a variety of strategies,
Including "immunizing" financial statements, i.e., income statement and balance sheet, as shown in the Week 8 video. This involves adjusting the financial statements to reflect the impact of changes in exchange rates, so that the company can better understand and manage the risk.
In conclusion, the risk of changing currency exchange rates is a major financial risk in international business. While there are a variety of factors that can cause changes in exchange rates in the short term and long term, there are also a variety of strategies that companies can use to protect themselves against these risks,
Including hedging with forward contracts, currency options, and currency swaps, and "immunizing" financial statements. By understanding and managing these risks, companies can reduce their exposure to currency exchange risk and better navigate the complexities of international business.
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a Define 'productivity'.
Answer: the state or quality of producing something
Explanation:
verified