g 1 molecule of glucose is catabolized to pyruvate and then acetyl-coA. All the acetyl-coA enters the citric acid cycle. How many molecules of NADH are produced from the citric acid cycle only (do not include NADH from glycolysis or the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in your calculation.) You must answer as a number i.e if you think the answer is 12, you must enter 12, not twelve.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

6NADH

Explanation:

In the kreb's cycle NAD is  reduced during the reduction of 6-carbon citrate to 5 carbon Alpha-Ketoglularate.

The second is produced during the conversion of 5carbon alpha ketoglutarate to succinate. Lastly in  the conversion of fumirate  to oxoloacetate;another NADH  is formed.

However, since two pyruvate enters the Kreb's cycle therefore 6NADH(three NADH per cycle of Citric)  are produced for each molecule of glucose that is broken down from glycolysis.

Remember,each glucose molecule goes through 2 cycles of Kreb.

Futhermore co-enzyme FADH2 are also produced,with 2 molecules per 1 glucose.

These Co-ezymes transfer hydrogen ions,into the matrix of the mitochondria,where is is splits to protons and  electrons.

The electrons formed the ETC,which produce PMF  for transporting protons into the intramembranes for electrochemical gradients needed to generate energy for ATP s synthesis,by ATP synthase.

.


Related Questions

In order to assemble the organic compounds that are necessary for life, enzymes must break down food into their building blocks. What would happen if someone was not able to produce enough amylase? Simple sugars would not be obtained from carbohydrates. Amino acids would not be obtained from proteins. Fatty acids would not be obtained from lipids. Nucleotides would not be obtained from nucleic acids.In order to assemble the organic compounds that are necessary for life, enzymes must break down food into their building blocks. What would happen if someone was not able to produce enough amylase? Simple sugars would not be obtained from carbohydrates. Amino acids would not be obtained from proteins. Fatty acids would not be obtained from lipids. Nucleotides would not be obtained from nucleic acids.

Answers

Answer:

simple sugar would not be obtained from carbohydrare

Explanation:

because amylase enzymes catalyse break down of carbohydrate typically starch

Answer:simple sugar would not be obtained from carbohydrare

Explanation:

because amylase enzymes catalyse break down of carbohydrate typically starch

Explanation:

4. If plant roots are exposed to air and sunlight for a few minutes, and then the plant is placed back in the soil, it will wilt before starting to recover. What is happening at the cellular/tissue level in the roots?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

If plant roots are exposed to air, particularly non woody plants that rely on water pressure to stay erect, they start to wilt because of the disruption between the balance of transpiration (loss of water through the stomata) and absorption of water by the roots.

Since the plant's root has been exposed, they are no longer able to absorb water, and then transpiration also occurs which leads to a faster loss of water causing the plants cells to become dehydrated and collapse leading to wilting of the plants.

But if water is provided immediately, they can recover


what is the importance of autotrophic organisms for other organisms?

Answers

Answer:

the importance of autotrophic organisms with respect to energy flow and nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Primary producers usel solar or chemical energy to manufacture their own food and they use this energy through cellular respiration and growth and reproduction--energy used for NPP.

Saliva is released by __________ and it acts on _______.

Answers

Answer:

Salivary glands, food

Explanation:

Salivary glands release saliva, and it acts on the food and turns into a soft pulpy mass called bolus. Bolus is the simplier form of food which helps in digestion of complex food.

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Answer:

salivary glands, food

Explanation:

Saliva is released by salivary glands and it acts on food.

Salivary glands produce saliva. The saliva acts on food and creates a soft lump called bolus during the chewing process.

How does mitosis introduce genetic variation into offspring

Answers

Answer:

it is when a domminant allele mixes with a recesive allele creating a new pattern or genetic variation such as spot colors of a dog

The general function of an enzyme in the body is to ________. The general function of an enzyme in the body is to ________. eliminate waste products from the blood act as a reactant in carbohydrate storage catalyze chemical reactions maintain homeostasis maintain a neutral pH

Answers

Answer:

catalyze chemical reactions

Explanation:

An enzyme is a proteinous substance that acts as biological catalysts and increases the rate of biochemical reactions in the body. Enzymes are specific in nature which is as a result of the structure/shape of its building block (amino acid).

Enzymes speedens the rate of a chemical reaction in living systems, which would normally not occur or occur at a much slower rate, without the presence of an enzyme. Enzymes acts on the reactants called Substrates by binding to them to form products but they are not used up in the reaction. Hence, enzymes are not reactants.

what organisms are herbivores

Answers

Answer:

any organisms that eats only plants

Explanation:

How osmosis works in the three fluid compartments of the body

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

In the body, water moves through semi-permeable membranes of cells and from one compartment of the body to another by a process called osmosis. Osmosis is basically the diffusion of water from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration, along an osmotic gradient across a semi-permeable membrane.

DNA replication is considered semi-conservative because: ________ Group of answer choices it will create three new, identical strands when finished. it always replicates in the 3 to 5 prime direction. it uses the original strand as a template for replication. it never replicates in the 5 to 3 prime direction.

Answers

Answer:

I think it uses the original strand as a template for replication.

A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt levels of

Answers

Answer:

Thyroid hormones      

Explanation:

Animals and people exposed to pesticides such as insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, have shown to be affected by their effect on the thyroid. These chemicals can produce endocrine alterations acting as thyroid disrupters. They affect many mechanisms in the organisms such as inhibition of thyroid iodine uptake, interference with the thyroid hormone receptor, binding to transport proteins, among others. They cause toxicity in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.

There are many studies that associate thyroid diseases with exposure to organochloride pesticides. Significant alteration in the TSH, T3, and T4 levels have been expressed by people directly or indirectly exposed to the chemicals.            

What type of molecule is represented by the model below? A molecule made up of four carbon rings with other atoms bonded to those rings. Fat Carbohydrate Steroid Protein Points earned on this question: 0

Answers

Answer:

Steroid

Explanation:

Steroids are molecules that usually have 17 carbon atoms distributed in four rings of carbon bonded together and linked to atoms of other elements, as shown in the aciam figure. Steroids are molecules soluble in fat and are produced synthetically for therapeutic and even aesthetic purposes, however their use must be monitored by a responsible professional.

Answer:

STEROID

Explanation:

Steroids are molecules that usually have 17 carbon atoms distributed in four rings of carbon bonded together and linked to atoms of other elements, as shown in the aciam figure. Steroids are molecules soluble in fat and are produced synthetically for therapeutic and even aesthetic purposes, however their use must be monitored by a responsible professional.

The troposphere contains 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

The troposphere is regarded as the lowest layer of the atmosphere which is visible and about 10km from the earth surface. The stratosphere however is the region above the troposphere and below the mesosphere.

The troposphere contain about 10 percent of the ozone layer while the stratosphere contain 90 percent. The stratosphere is made up of ozone layers which helps in the absorption of the ultraviolet rays from the sun and converting to heat. This is why depletion of the ozone layer gives rise to global warming.

Answer:

false

Explanation:

How do the products of meiosis compare to the original cell?

Answers

Answer:

Meiosis is the type of cell division in which a parent cell divides into four daughter cells. Meiosis generally occurs in the gamete or sex cells. The haploid cells are produced by the meiosis.

The original cell is diploid that contains the chromosome number (2X). The original is divided into the four daughter cell. The daughter cells produced by the meiosis contains the half chromosome number as compared with original cell (X). The crossing over occurs in meiosis and the daughter cells are quite different from the original cells.

Explanation:

Which type of mutation occurs only in reproductive cells

Answers

Answer:

Germ line Mutation

Explanation:

Answer:

the answer is b

Explanation:

A new species is descovered and scientists are trying to calssify it. One of the key features found is that the species is entirely dependent on other organisms for its fodd necessary to ssutain life. What type of species is this? A. Autotrophic B. Heterotrophic C. Producer D. Mixotrophic

Answers

Answer:

B. Heterotrophic

Explanation:

Heterotrphic animals depend on other orgamisms for food. They are made of carnaviors and omnavores. They eat other animals for food.

During mismatch repair, it is essential for the cell to be able to distinguish between the old template DNA strand and the newly synthesized DNA strand in order to make the appropriate correction of a mispairing created during DNA replication. How is this accomplished In E. coli?

Answers

Answer:

The difference between the methylation states of the two DNA strands serves as a recognition point between the old and new strands.

Explanation:

DNA mismatch repair is a mechanism for recognizing and repairing errors during DNA synthesis such as insertion, deletion, and wrong base pairings that can arise during DNA replication and recombination.

Mismatch repair process begins as soon as new DNA has been made. First, a protein complex recognizes and binds to the mismatched base. A second complex cuts the DNA near the mismatch, and more enzymes cut out the incorrect nucleotide and some surrounding DNA. A DNA polymerase then replaces the excised DNA parts with correct nucleotides, and DNA ligase seals the gap.

In gram-negative bacteria, for example E. Coli, original and newly made strands of DNA differentiated by their methylation state. An old DNA strand will have methyl groups attached to some of its bases, while a newly made DNA strand will not yet have gotten its methyl group.

Drag each tile to the correct box.
Lucia is walking barefoot in her yard. She accidentally steps on a nail. How will her nervous system work to generate a reaction? Arrange the events chronologically.

Answers

Complete question:

Drag each tile to the correct box.

Lucia is walking barefoot in her yard. She accidentally steps on a nail. How will her nervous system work to generate a reaction? Arrange the events chronologically.

Interneurons relay the impulse to motor neurons in the spinal cord.She immediately moves her foot. The sensory neuron generates an impulse. Receptors in her toe receive stimuli. Motor neurons signal the leg muscles.

Answer:

4. Receptors in her toe receive stimuli

3. The sensory neuron generates an impulse.  

1. Interneurons relay the impulse to motor neurons in the spinal cord.

5. Motor neuron signal the leg muscles    

2. She immediately moves her foot.  

Explanation:

The reflex arc refers to an action mechanism that responds to different stimuli.  It is an involuntary reaction involving different nervous vias. The reflex arc is composed of receptors, afferent nervous fibers, efferent nervous fibers, and effectors.    

Receptors are located in nervous terminals and are widely distributed in the organism. Receptors are capable of receiving stimuli from different nature, and most of them are specialized in one kind of stimuli such as vision, audition, touch, among others. In the exposed example, these sensory receptors were located in the toe, and probably they were touch receptors.

When they receive the stimulus the sensory neuron transforms it into an excitatory nervous impulse that goes to the central nervous system along the afferent nerves. This stage is known as the afferent via, beginning with the environmental information received by sensory receptors, and ending in the arrival of the transcripted message to the central nervous system.

When the central nervous system receives the information, it processes it and sends an appropriate answer according to the stimulus. The message goes along the interneurons to the motor fibers, which are in charge of taking that answer to its destiny, the effectors. Effectors are usually muscles or glands, and they transform the received impulse into a motor answer that executes the reflex action. In the exposed example, the effector in the muscle. This stage is known as the efferent via, beginning in the central nervous system sending an answer impulse and ending in the effector (muscle) executing the answer.

Answer:

Receptors in her toe receive stimuli.

The sensory neuron generates an impulse.

Interneurons relay the impulse to motor neurons in the spinal cord.

Motor neurons signal the leg muscles.

She immediately moves her foot.

Explanation:

right on edMentum

A student is investigating the affect of different salts on melting points. Four patches of ice of equal size are roped off and a different type of salt is poured on each, one receives table salt (NaCl), one receives Calcium Chloride (CaCl2), one receives Potassium Carbonate (KCO3) and the fourth receives inert sand instead. Each patch receives an equal amount of salt or sand. The student measures the volume of ice remaining and subtracts it from the original volume of ice to see how much melted away. What is the dependent variable?

Answers

Answer:

The dependent variable is the amount of ice that melted away

Explanation:

In an experiment, the dependent variable is what is affected by/changed by the IV (which is the type of salt, in this experiment)

The type of salt will change how much ice melted away, which means that the amount of ice that is melted away will be the dependent variable.

Please explain study of variation patterns in different taxon.

Answers

Answer:

By using genetical and ecological approaches

Explanation:

Genetic variation is useful to study the diversity of the species and to understand both intraspecific and interspecific variation patterns. In genetics assays, two or more genetic sequences belonging to different organisms are compared in order to determine nucleotide differences (i.e., homology level) between the complete sequences, which enable to determine the evolutionary relationships between taxa.

Ecological diversity is associated with the variation of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Ecological variation across species can be represented by different measures such as niche variation among individuals, the number of trophic levels, etc. Ecological variation patterns may affect the ecological dynamics of species and their communities, thereby being of vital importance for diversity classification studies.

the meaning of photosynthesis​

Answers

Answer: the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct

Explanation:

Answer:

it is when a green plant or another plant use sunlight to synthesize food from water and carbon dioxide

:

cm
If a plate moves at a rate of 3 toward
year
the north, where would the plate be in 5,000
years? Express your answer in meters.

Answers

Answer

150 metres

Explanation

The plate moves at a rate of 3cm/year

In 5000 years, the plate would have moved:

3cm • 5000 = 15000 cm

Convert from cm to m (100cm = 1m)

15000 / 100 = 150

Answer is therefore 150 metres

Donor Blood Type Recipient Blood Type A- Successful
A+ A-
O- AB+
Would the above two transfusions be successful or would either of them harm the recipient? For each transfusion, explain your reasoning. In your explanations, use the following terms: antigen, antibodies, and agglutination.

Answers

Answer:

The first blood transfusion in which the donor blood type is A+ and recipient blood type is A- would not be successful as the donor blood is A+, which signifies that the blood comprises both Rh factor and antigen A, while the recipient blood group is A-, which signifies that the blood does not comprise Rh factor and possess only antigen A. Therefore, at the time of transfusion, the Rh factor of donor blood will be regarded as a foreign body by the recipient, and thus, will generate antibody against the donor Rh factor provoking immune rejection and agglutination.  

On the other hand, the second blood transfusion in which the donor blood type is O- and the recipient blood type is AB+, the blood transfusion would be successful as the blood group O- is a universal donor, as it neither possesses any A or B antigen nor Rh factor. This blood group is accepted by all the blood group recipients.  

Which of the following is not a benefit of Genetic Engineering? A. Enhancing the desirable traits of organisms B. Helping to reduce world hunger C. Enhancing the effectiveness of the new DNA by spreading it to other plants D. Helping to treat disease

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

because all the rest are about genetics

The one that is not a benefit of genetic engineering is helping to reduce world hunger. The correct option is B.

What is genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering is the method of modifying an individual's DNA through the use of research lab innovations.

This could be as simple as changing a single base pair, erasing a region of DNA, or inserting a new DNA segment.

Scientists can use genetic modification to transfer preferred genes from one plant or animal to another.

Genes may also be transferred from one animal to another. GMOs are another term for genetically engineered organisms.

Techniques for genetic engineering have produced the creation of medically valuable things such as human insulin, human growth hormone, and hepatitis B vaccine.

It is also involved in the development of genetically modified organisms such as disease-resistant plants.

Thus, the correct option is B.

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Ao examinar um fenômeno biológico, o cientista sugere uma possível explicação para seu mecanismo, baseando-se na causa e no efeito observados. Esse procedimento é conhecido como

Answers

Responder:

Hipótesis científica

Explicación:

El procedimiento de representar un fenómeno que no puede explicarse a la luz de la teoría científica actual se llama hipótesis científica.

Generalmente, en el orden de los Métodos Científicos, las observaciones y las preguntas son los primeros pasos. Sin embargo, para proporcionar posibles explicaciones al fenómeno obtenido al hacer preguntas y observaciones, se necesita una suposición o sugerencia. Esta es la suposición científica: para que sea válida, debe ser refutada, basada en la observación cuidadosa del fenómeno.

su esencia es predecir los posibles resultados de un intento de experimentos y después de realizar los experimentos para confirmar si el resultado está de acuerdo con la predicción.

Answer:

Scientific hypothesis

Explanation:

The procedure of representing a phenomenon which can not be explained in the light of the present scientific theory is called scientific hypothesis.

Generally in the order of Scientific Methods observations and asking of questions are the early steps.How ever, to provide possible explanations to the  phenomenon  by asking questions and observation , a guess or suggestion is needed. This is the scientific guess,For it to be valid,it must be refuted, based on the careful observation of the phenomenon.

its essence is to predict the possible outcomes of an intending experiments and after conducting  the experiments to confirm if the outcome agrees with the prediction.

The respiratory system allows for gas exchange to happen in the lungs. How do the respiratory and cardiovascular systems interact?

Answers

Well, the respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen into the body. Blood passes in capillaries in the lungs and picks up the oxygen. Blood carries oxygen to different parts of the body. Then the blood take carbon dioxide, a waste gas, back to the lungs. Then the lungs expel the carbon dioxide when you exhale.

Happy to help!

Blank are chemical messagners secreted by glands

Answers

Answer:

The answer is probably hormone

Explanation:

In the diagram, how many angles are alternate exterior angles with angle 5?

Answers

Explanation:

We have attached a figure that shows the diagram of the given equation.

We need to find how many angles are alternate exterior angles with angle 5?

We know that an exterior angle is the angle that is made outside of the shape and an alternate angle is the angle opposite of a transversal line of another angle.

From the figure, 8, 7, 9, 10, 12, and 11 are the angles that are on the same transversal. 8, 7, 9, 10, and 12 are just exterior. It means that 11 is the alternate exterior of angle 5. So, only one angle is alternate exterior angles with angle 5.

Answer:

1

Explanation:

Which step in transcription occurs first? mRNA moves the code from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein production. A gene is expressed through protein production. RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter. A repressor protein must attach to the operator.

Answers

Answer: RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter

Explanation:Took the test

The first step that occurs in transcription is that RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter.

What is RNA?RNA stands for ribonucleic acid.It is single stranded.Nucleotide consists of: ribose sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous bases.Nitrogenous bases are of two types: Purines and Pyrimidines.Purines consists of Adenine and Guanine.Pyrimidines consists of Cytosine and Uracil.Adenine pairs with Uracil whereas Guanine and Cytosine.What do you mean by transcription?"The process in which a gene's DNA sequence is copied (transcribed) to make an RNA molecule is called transcription."It begins when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter (a upstream sequence of DNA when binds to a specific enzyme initiates transcription) sequence of a gene.RNA polymerase is an DNA dependent enzyme used for the synthesis of RNA from DNA.

Hence, the correct answer is: RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter.

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Organisms inherit specific traits and characteristics from their parents.

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

It gets passed doen like one dominant brown eye and a recessive blue eye. most likley the brown would be passed down.  

Why are the polychaete worms living near the underwater volcanic vent called Pompeii worms?

Answers

Because of the volcanic eruption of pompeii

The polychaete worms living near the underwater volcanic vent are called Pompeii worms because they look like the ancient Roman city of Pompeii and because they are the most heat-tolerant animals on Earth.

What is the significance of polycheata?

Polychaetes are found in many parts of the world and play many important roles in the environment, such as their importance in marine and freshwater ecosystems. They also have a rich fossil record, which helps scientists study evolution, polychaetes are commonly used as model organisms in biological research, and polychaetes are studied to clean up contaminated environments through bioremediation.

Hence, the polychaete worms living near the underwater volcanic vent are called Pompeii worms because they look like the ancient Roman city of Pompeii and because they are the most heat-tolerant animals on Earth.

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