Express each of these system specifications using predicates, quantifiers, and logical connectives, if necessary.

a. At least one console must be accessible during every fault condition.
b. The e-mail address of every user can be retrieved whenever the archive contains at least one message sent by every user on the system.
c. For every security breach there is at least one mecha- nism that can detect that breach if and only if there is a process that has not been compromised.
d. There are at least two paths connecting every two dis- tinct endpoints on the network.
e. No one knows the password of every user on the sys- tem except for the system administrator, who knows all passwords.

Answers

Answer 1

The system specification with predicates, quantifiers, and logical connectives are:

a. ∃C(x) ∀F(y) such that if F(y) is true, C(x) is true.

b. ∀U(x) (∃M(y) if ∀U(z), ∃M(w) is true, then E(x) is true).

c. ∀B(x) (∃D(y) D(y) can detect B(x) ↔ (∃P(z) ¬P(z) is true)).

d. ∀E(x, y) (∃P(z, w) and ∃P(u, v) such that P(z, w) and P(u, v) connect

E(x, y)).

e. ∀U(x) (¬P(x) is true, except for the system administrator who knows all passwords: ∀U(y) P(y) if y is the system administrator).

We have,

a.

Let C(x) be the predicate "x is a console" and F(x) be the predicate "x is a fault condition".

The specification can be expressed as:

∀F(x) ∃C(y) such that if F(x) is true, C(y) is true.

b.

Let U(x) be the predicate "x is a user" and M(x) be the predicate "x is a message".

The specification can be expressed as:

∀U(x) ∃E(y) such that if ∀U(x), ∃M(z) is true, E(y) is true.

c.

Let B(x) be the predicate "x is a security breach", D(x) be the predicate "x is a detection mechanism", and P(x) be the predicate "x is a compromised process".

The specification can be expressed as:

∀B(x) ∃D(y) such that D(y) can detect B(x) if and only if ∃P(z) such that ¬P(z) is true.

d.

Let E(x, y) be the predicate "x and y are distinct endpoints" and P(x, y) be the predicate "x and y are connected by a path".

The specification can be expressed as:

∀E(x, y) ∃P(z, w) and ∃P(u, v) such that P(z, w) and P(u, v) connect E(x, y).

e.

Let U(x) be the predicate "x is a user" and P(x) be the predicate "x knows the password".

The specification can be expressed as:

∀U(x) ¬P(x) is true, except for the system administrator who knows all passwords, which can be expressed as:

∀U(x) (x is the system administrator → P(x)).

Thus,

The system specification with predicates, quantifiers, and logical connectives are:

a. ∃C(x) ∀F(y) such that if F(y) is true, C(x) is true.

b. ∀U(x) (∃M(y) if ∀U(z), ∃M(w) is true, then E(x) is true).

c. ∀B(x) (∃D(y) D(y) can detect B(x) ↔ (∃P(z) ¬P(z) is true)).

d. ∀E(x, y) (∃P(z, w) and ∃P(u, v) such that P(z, w) and P(u, v) connect

E(x, y)).

e. ∀U(x) (¬P(x) is true, except for the system administrator who knows all passwords: ∀U(y) P(y) if y is the system administrator).

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Related Questions

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Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

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Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

Given the data:

Predicted value (X):

12.5

3.7

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Answer:

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Step-by-step explanation:

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Step-by-step explanation:

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Answers

Answer:

4

Step-by-step explanation:

because you can do 2x2=4 amnd 1x4=4 bnut u cant for the others.

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Answer:

311.62

Step-by-step explanation:

add a and b then subtract it by 400 there is ur answer my friend

Answer:

Plz mark me brainlest!

Step-by-step explanation:

311.62 Because I added that total and I got 551.78, and that doesn't make's sesne so I founded another answer for it and it's 331.62

Answer

331.62

Hope this helps you!

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Answer:

We are given the function h(y) = 4|y + 2| - 3

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In functions, the variable in the parentheses next to the name of the function is the variable we have to replace since the function is defined in the terms of that one variable. When you do more advanced questions, you will encounter functions with more than 1 variable

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replacing y with -8 to get the output in terms of -8

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h(-8) = (4 * 6) - 3

h(-8) = 24 - 3

h(-8) = 21

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Answers

Answer:

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Step-by-step explanation:

To solve this, all we need to do is subtract the profit made by the amount the store bought the sweaters for:

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Now, we can divide this number by 8 to find how much profit the store made per sweater:

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Hope this helps :)

Mk bud I’m your tutor so let’s do 8 x 72 which equals 576 Mk then they stood it for 288 each so let’s x it again 8 x 288 equals 2,304 so now let’s - 576 from 2,304. 2,404 - by 576 equals 1,728

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Answer:

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Step-by-step explanation:

20 divided by 4 equals 5

or

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or

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or

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Answers

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Answer:

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Step-by-step explanation:

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Answer:

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Step-by-step explanation:

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please mark brainliest

The answer is 3⁷ because when you are multiplying exponents with the same base, you keep the base and add the exponents. an example of this would be  4² x 4³. To simplify the expression you ignore the base, which is 4, and add the 2 and 3 to get 4⁵. So the answer to your question is 3⁷.

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Answer:

it is B

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a p e x , just took the quiz

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Answer:

distributive propertyaddition (subtraction) property of equalityadditive identity element (properties of real numbers)division property of equalitymultiplicative identity element (properties of real numbers)

Step-by-step explanation:

A lot of math is about identifying and matching patterns. Often, the patterns have an associated vocabulary. It helps to learn the patterns and the associated words.

__

Pattern: a(b +c) ⇔ ab +ac . . . description: distributive property

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Patterns: a -a = 0; a + 0 = a . . . description: properties of the additive inverse and the additive identity element

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When parentheses come or go, the distributive property is usually involved. In the second line, you need to recognize that -2(3y) = -6y and that -2(-7) = +14. The result on the left is from applying the distributive property to remove parentheses.

The third line differs from the second line in that -14 shows up on both sides of the equal sign. This is a clue that the addition (or subtraction) property of equality is involved.

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Answer:

8%

Step-by-step explanation:

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Tracy goes on a 3 day and night school band trip. There is no cost for travel and each band member only pays half the cost of the hotel room. However, each person is responsible for the cost of their own meals. His portion of the hotel bill is $49 per night and Tracy leaves a 10% tip for the maid service. Before tax, Tracy spends $32 per day on eating out plus 15% of this amount in tips. If Tracy spends a total of $280.74 on the band trip, what percent tax was Tracy charged on his food?
a.
6%
b.
7%
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8%
d.
9%

Answers

Answer:

D

Step-by-step explanation:

The service tax that is given on the food each day is 9 %.

What does service tax mean?

The government levies a service tax on particular service transactions carried out by the service provider. Suppose x% service tax is levied on a good on $n then the total amount that is to be paid is $(n(1+x/100)).

How to solve the problem?

Let the percent service tax that is charged on food be x%.

The situation is The total expenditure is $280.74 which is $49 per day on the hotel bill for 3 days on which a 10% tip was given for the maid services each day.  

$32 was spent each day on food plus 15% of that amount was given as a tip each day.

And x% of $32 was given on tax.

Then, the equation that best represents the given situation is

280.74/3=49+(0.10)(49)+32+(0.15)(32)+(x/100)(32)

Then 93.58=90.7+(32)(x/100)

⇒32x=2.88×100

⇒x=288/32=9%

Thus, the service tax that is charged on the food each day is 9 %.

To learn more about taxes visit- https://brainly.com/question/13421256?referrer=searchResults

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HELP! HURRY PLEASE!!!!! URGENTTTTTTTTT

Answers

Answer:

The slope of the line is 3.

Step-by-step explanation:

It is 3 because if you plug the numbers into the formula (y2-y1/x2-x1) you get 3/1, which simplifies to 3.

Step-by-step explanation:

Well you have to do y2-y1/x2-x1

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I think you will be able to solve the answer now! Hope this helps <3

Tomi's band has won twice as many awards as All's band. Write an algebralc expression for the number of awards Tomi's band has won. Be sure to indicate what the variable in your expression represents​

Answers

Given problem;

  Write and algebraic expression for the number of awards Tomi's band has won;

   Let the number of award Tomi's band has won = T

   Let the number of award All's band has won  = A

We know;

      Tomi's band has won twice as many awards as All's band.

       T = 2 x A

  T  = 2A

The algebraic expression is T = 2A

7. Drag and drop each of the values below to correctly complete the inequality statement.
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Answer:

4231

Step-by-step explanation:

Take the test

Isabelle collects hats and shoes. After collecting 18 hats this year, she had 39 hats and 49 shoes.
Which shows how to find the number of hats she started off with at the beginning of the year?
OA. 18 x 49
ОВ.
39 - 18
OC.
18 + 39
OD
49 + 18

Answers

Answer:

39-18

Step-by-step explanation:

39-18=21

Based on the table, which best predicts the end behavior
of the graph of f(x)?

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

It’s a

Answer:

D

Step-by-step explanation:

if angle two equals 130 find the measure of angle 6 and the answer is not 50 or 130 willmark brainiest​

Answers

9514 1404 393

Answer:

  130°

Step-by-step explanation:

Angles 2 and 6 are both in the northeast corner of their respective intersections, so are "corresponding" angles.

Assuming lines A and B are parallel, corresponding angles have the same measure. The measure of angle 6 is 130°.

There are
There are
There are
altogether
The shoe store has 324 pairs of shoes and 187 pairs
of sandals. How many pairs of shoes and sandals
does the shoe store have in all?
pairs of shoes.
pairs of sandals
pairs of shoes and sandals​

Answers

Answer:

shoes 324×2 =648

sandals 187×2 = 374

so 374 + 648 = 1022 shoes and sandal pairs

PLEASE MARK AS BRAINLIEST!!!!

ITS URGENT!!

Answer:

511 pairs and 1022 footwear pieces

Step-by-step explanation:

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