Describe the crystallization process as applied in salt preparation

Answers

Answer 1

Explanation:

The principle used in the preparation of these salts is to dissolve

the cystine in an alcoholic alkali solution to which just sufficient

water to effect solution has been added, and, after filtering from

excess cystine, to precipitate the salt by addition of a suitable

indifferent solvent. While various solvents, such as acetone,

ether, or large amounts of alcohol caused precipitations, these were

either oily or amorphous. Only acetonitrile was found to possess

the power of initiating regular crystallization in the salt solutions.

While the solutions of the different salts require different amounts

of the solvent for complete precipitation, a partial substitution of

absolute ether for acetonitrile was found expedient in the case

of the most soluble of the salts, the K salt.

Answer 2

Answer:

It is simply a process of forming crystal.

Explanation:            When salt is heated and dissolve in the liquid mainly water then its called saturated solution. When we further add salt and increase heat in order to dissolve it then it forcibly dissolve in liquid it's called supersaturated solution. After we slowly cool down the temperature then the salt we have put in supersaturated solution arises in the form of crystal. Hence its called crystalization.


Related Questions

You arrive home from class to find your roommate complaining of a headache, dizziness, and nausea. Upon further investigation you believe they may have carbon monoxide poisoning. What should be the first step taken?

Answers

Answer:

tempature of the person, check carbon levels in the house or place where the person is.

Explanation:

Which type of graph is best used to show how a measured quantity changes over time?

Box and whisker plot
Line graph
Circle graph
Histogram

Answers

Line graph; shows relationship between an independent and dependent variable. One example of an independent variable is time.

In which particle model are the red and blue particles MOST LIKELY to bump into each other? PLEASE HELP WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!

Answers

Answer:

441

Explanation:

In particle model A are the red and blue particles MOST LIKELY to bump into each other and the correct option is option A.

What is Particle Model of Matter?

The particle model of matter is a theory that explains how the particles that make up a substance are arranged, and how they move and interact with each other.

The particle model explains the properties of solids, liquids and gases. The particle model can explain changes of state.

Particles of matter have spaces between them. Atoms and molecules have spaces between them. In a gas, there are large spaces between them. In a a liquid they are closer together. In a solid, the particles are packed close enough together they can hardly move.

Therefore, In particle model A are the red and blue particles MOST LIKELY to bump into each other and the correct option is option A.

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Given 16.2 grams of substance Y, if the substance absorbs 2722 joules of energy and the specific heat of the substance is 9.22 J/g·°C, what is the final temperature of the substance if the initial was 26 degrees Celsius?

Answers

Answer:

Final temperature (T) = 44.22°C (Approx)

Explanation:

Given:

Mass of Y (m) = 16.2 gram

Energy required (q) = 2722 J

Specific heat of the substance(c) = 9.22 J/g·°C

Change in temperature ΔT = T - 26°C

Find:

Final temperature (T)

Computation:

q = mcΔT

2722 = (16.2)(9.22)(T - 26°C)

18.224 = T - 26°C

T = 26 + 18.224

T = 44.224°C

Final temperature (T) = 44.22°C (Approx)

Which is described as the force holding two atoms together? Select one: a. cation b. chemical bond c. formula unit d. lattice

Answers

Answer:

The correct option is;

b.Chemical bond

Explanation:

Chemical bonds are the attractive forces holding the atoms within a compound together. The concept of chemical bonding is fundamental to the explanation of chemical phenomena including reaction mechanism and molecular behavior

There are different chemical bonds such as ionic bonds formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions, covalent bonds, formed by the sharing of electrons and polar covalent bonds.

using equation of reaction mention 4 methods of preparation of hydrogen​

Answers

Explanation:

1. Displacement of hydrogen from water by using metal

2. Electrolysis of water using the apparatus known as the HOFMAN VOLTAMETER

3. Cracking of petroleum

4. Action of steam on hot coke

Consider the half reaction below.

Which statement best describes what is taking place?

Chlorine is losing electrons and being oxidized. Chlorine is losing electrons and being reduced. Chlorine is gaining electrons and being oxidized. Chlorine is gaining electrons and being reduced.

Answers

Answer:

balancing of charges of both sides

Answer:

A

Explanation:

A...............................

Which sequence represents the relationship between temperature and volume as explained by the kinetic-molecular
theory?
higher temperature - more kinetic energy - more space between particles - higher volume
higher temperature-less kinetic energy less space between particles - higher volume
higher temperature → more kinetic energy less space between particles > lower volume
higher temperature-less kinetic energy → more space between particles lower volume
3
and wit

Answers

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

Higher temperature - more kinetic energy - more space between particles - higher volume.

Help ya girl out plz

Answers

Answer:

The correct option is B

Explanation:

just did it edg 2020.

Answer:

the answer is c

Explanation:

Design a voltaic cell using magnesium as one of the electrodes. Magnesium can be represented as either Metal A or Metal B in the above drawing. Use metal chlorides as the solutions in the two chambers. For example, magnesium chloride, (MgCl2) will be in solution in the chamber with the magnesium electrode. Use NaNO3 in the salt bridge. Select another element for the other electrode. Explain why you selected this element. Include information about the activity of the metal you select and the need for a spontaneous reaction. Metal A: Metal B: In the drawing, 1. Label the oxidation compartment: 2. Label the reduction compartment. 3. Label the direction of the flow of electrons. 4. Label the flow of the magnesium ions. 5. Label the flow of your selected element's ions. 6. What is leaving the salt bridge in the anode compartment? 7. What is leaving the salt bridge in the cathode compartment? 8. Write the oxidation and reduction half-reactions. 9. Calculate the chemical potential of your cell. Show all of your work.

Answers

Answer:

Here's what I get  

Explanation:

You haven't shown your drawing, so I will assume that Metal A is the anode and Metal B is the cathode.

I will make a galvanic cell using Mg and Zn as the metals.

I selected Zn because it is common and readily available in the lab.

Zn is lower than Mg in the activity series, so Mg should be able to displace Zn from its salts

The standard reduction potentials are:

                                         E°/V

Zn²⁺ (aq) + 2e⁻ ⇌ Zn(s);  -0.76

Mg²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ ⇌ Mg(s); -2.38

The Mg half-reaction has the more negative potential, so it will be the oxidation half-reaction.

8 and 9. Oxidation and reduction half-reactions and cell potential

                                                                                   E°/V

Oxidation:  Mg(s) ⇌ Mg²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ ;                      +2.38

Reduction: Zn²⁺ (aq) + 2e⁻ ⇌ Zn(s);                         -0.76

                   Mg(s) + Zn²⁺ (aq)  ⇌ Mg²⁺(aq) + Zn(s);  +1.62

The cell potential is positive, so the reaction will be spontaneous.

Mg is the anode, so it is Metal A.

Zn is the cathode, so it is Metal B.

1. The Mg|Mg²⁺ half-cell is the oxidation compartment.

2. The Zn²⁺|Zn half-cell is the reduction compartment.

3. The electrons flow from anode to cathode in the external circuit.

4. The Mg²⁺ ions flow from the Mg through the solution to the salt bridge.

5. The Zn²⁺ ions flow from the solution to the Zn.

6. NO₃⁻ ions flow from the salt bridge into the anode compartment to balance the charge of the developing Zn²⁺ ions.

7. Na⁺ ions flow from the salt bridge into the cathode compartment to replace the charge of the depleted Zn²⁺ ions.

 

in which sphere does a dolphin swim A. hydrosphere B. atmosphere C. magnetosphere D. lithosphere

Answers

Answer:

A. Hydrosphere

Explanation:

Hydro means water and dolphins swim in water.

I hope this helps :)

unknown substance is heated from 10 celsius to 25 celsius, what happens at 17 Celsius

Answers

At 17 celsius ❤️

it will start to boil ❤️

#indian❤️

why can't we extract sodium from aqueous solution of sodium chloride ​

Answers

Answer:

As it is an aqueous solution the sodium is dissolved in the water, if you want to extract it use evaporation

Explanation:

To change from tens to hundreds, you multply by

Answers

Answer:

10

Explanation:

Example:

10 · 10 = 100

60 · 10 = 600

Answer:

you multiply by 10.

Explanation:

10 - the one is in the thenth place

10 * 10 = 100 - the one is in the hundreth place

20 - the two is in the thenth place

20 * 10 = 200 - the two is in the hundreth place

Calculate the pH of a solution obtained by mixing 477 mL of 0.17 M hydrochloric acid with 253 mL of M lithium hydroxide. Assume the combined volume is the sum of the two original volumes.

Answers

Answer:

pH = 0.984

Explanation:

Molarity LiOH = 2.1x10⁻²M

HCl will react with LiOH as follows:

HCl + LiOH → H₂O + LiCl

1 moles of HCl reacts per mole of LiOH

Moles of each reactant in solution are:

HCl = 0.477L ₓ (0.17mol / L) = 0.08109 moles HCl

LiOH = 0.253L ₓ (2.1x10⁻² mol / L) = 5.313x10⁻³ moles of LiOH.

That means LiOH is the limiting reactant and excess moles of HCl that will remain in solution are:

0.08109 mol - 0.005313mol = 0.0758 moles HCl

As HCl dissociates in water as H⁺ and Cl⁻ ions, you will have in solution 0.0758 moles of H⁺

pH = -log [H⁺] and [H⁺] = moles H⁺ / L of solution.

Volume of the mixture in liters is: 0.477L + 0.253L = 0.730L.

That means [H⁺] is 0.0758 moles of H⁺ / 0.730L = 0.1038M

Replacing:

pH = -log [H⁺]

pH = -log [0.1038]

pH = 0.984

In each of the following groups of substances, pick the one that has the given property. Justify your answer. a) highest boiling point: HBr, Kr, Cl2 b) highest freezing point: H2O, NaCl, Hf c) lowest vapor pressure at 25C: Cl2, Br2, I2 d) lowest freezing point: N2, CO, CO2 e) lowest boiling point: CH4, CH3CH3, CH3CH2CH3 f) highest boiling point: HF, HCl, HBr Could someone help me understand fully how to do this?

Answers

Answer:

A) HBr

b) NaCl

c) I2

d) N2

e) CH4

f) HF

Explanation:

a) HBr has the highest boiling point because its molecules are held by intermolecular hydrogen bonding unlike other compounds listed.

b) the freezing point of a substance is the same as its melting point. Ionic substances have the highest melting points. Hence NaCl has a melting (freezing) point of about 801°C

c) vapour pressure depends on molecular mass. The higher the molecular mass the lower the vapour pressure. I2 has the highest relative molecular mass and hence the lowest vapour pressure.

d) The molecule with the lowest molecular mass is expected to have the lowest intermolecular dispersion forces and hence the lowest freezing point.

e) Degree of dispersion forces and boiling point increases with increase in molecular mass. Since CH4 has the lowest molecular mass, it will also possess the lowest boiling point.

e) The magnitude of electro negativity decreases down the group. Hence, fluorine is the most electronegative element among the halogens. Hydrogen bonding results when hydrogen is covalently bonded to an electronegative element. The strength of the hydrogen bonding depends on the electro negativity of the electronegative element.

For hydrogen halides, HF has the highest boiling point since F is the most electronegative halogen and HF possess the greatest degree of hydrogen bonding among the hydrogen halides. Hydrogen bonding leads to increase in boiling point of substances.

The intermolecular forces in the compound have been responsible for the various properties of the compounds.

(a) Highest boiling point:

The hydrogen bonding has resulted from the electrostatic interaction of the H with the more electronegative atom. The strong interaction results in a higher boiling point.

HBr has consisted of the hydrogen bond, thus having the highest boiling point.

(b) Highest freezing point:

The higher hydrogen bonding in the structure results in a high freezing point. The ionic compounds with electrostatic interactions result in a high freezing point.

NaCl has been an ionic compound, thus has been consisted of the highest freezing point.

(c) Lowe vapor pressure:

Vapor pressure has been inversely proportional to the molecular mass. The higher the molecular weight, the lower has been the vapor pressure.

Iodine has the highest molecular weight, thereby has the lowest vapor pressure.

(d) Lowest freezing point:

Based on the molecular weight, the lower the molecular weight, the lower has been the freezing point of the molecule.

The [tex]\rm \bold{CH_4}[/tex] has the lowest molecular weight, thus the lowest freezing point.

(e) Highest boiling point:

The more electronegative atom in the hydrogen bonding, the higher has been the stability and the higher the boiling point.

HF has the highest boiling point as it has H bonded with the most electronegative element.

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A current is induced in a wire by moving the wire through a magnetic field. Which is one factor that affects the direction of the current?

Answers

Answer:

One factor that affects that affects the direction of the current is the direction of motion of the wire

Explanation:

According to Fleming's right hand rule when a conductive wire which is within a circuit is moved through a magnetic field, due to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction an electric current is induced in the wire such that the direction of motion of the wire, the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the electric current are perpendicular to each other such that if the right hand has the thumb middle finger and the index finger held perpendicular to each other

The motion of the wire being in the direction of the wire

The first or index finger points in the direction of the magnetic field

The middle finger points in the direction of the induced electric current

Therefore, the direction of the the current depends on the direction of motion of the wire.

The graph compares the kinetic energies of the molecules in four gas samples. Each graph shows a normal distribution, so the average is the center. Which sample is likely to have the lowest temperature? (1 point) A B C D

Answers

Answer:

d

Explanation:

i got it right

Gas A is likely to have the lowest temperature.  Hence, option A is correct.

What are molecules?

The smallest particle of a substance has all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance. Molecules are made up of one or more atoms.

In a gas, the kinetic energy is directly proportional to the temperature under constant pressure and volume.

As you can see in the problem, the average of A has low kinetic energy. But the average is increasing between B, C and D.

As gas A has the lowest average kinetic energy:

Gas A is likely to have the lowest temperature

Hence, option A is correct.

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A π bond could be formed from the overlap of which two orbitals? A) two sp² hybrid orbitals B) a 1s and a sp² hybrid orbital C) a sp and a sp² hybrid orbitals D) two unhybridized p orbitals

Answers

Answer:

D) two unhybridized p orbitals

Explanation:

In covalent bond, to form a bond, each of the two participating atoms would put down an  unpaired electron to be used in forming a shared pair of electrons between them.

There are two types of covalent bonds:

A sigma bond [tex]\sigma[/tex]

A pi bond [tex]\pi[/tex]

A sigma bond is formed when a hybrid orbital (sp,sp² and sp³) overlaps with another hybrid orbital or with s- or p- orbital.

A pi bond is formed when a p-orbital overlaps with another parallel p-orbital laterally. This implies that ,a  π bond could be formed from the overlap of two unhybridized p orbitals.

What is a scientific question?
O A. One that everyone agrees on
OB. One that only scientists ask
O c. One that is answered through observation
O D. One that never changes

Answers

Answer:

O c. One that is answered through observation

I used process of elminations so

Explanation:

One that everyone agrees one doesnt mean it's accurate.

Only the one that scientists ask doesnt make sense

One that never changes and One that is answered through observation.... So C

Answer the following questions: On a 10-fold dilution of a weak acid, the pH will ______________ . On a 10-fold dilution of a weak base, the pH will ______________. If one adds a very small amount of strong base to a buffered solution, the pH will _______________. Can you make a buffer using a strong acid

Answers

Answer:

i) increase

ii) decrease

iii) remain the same

iv) No, because it dissociates completely.

Explanation:

On a 10-fold dilution of a weak acid, the pH will increase because the concentration of hydrogen ions will decrease thereby increasing the pH to close to that of water.

On a 10-fold dilution of a weak base, the pH will decrease due to the removal of hydroxide ions from the solution. This results in the solution having a H closer to that of water.

If one adds a very small amount of strong base to a buffered solution, the pH will remain constant because a buffer solution acts to withstand any change to its pH on the addition of small quantities of either an acid or a base.

A buffer solution cannot be made with a strong acid because thy undergo complete dissociation. Therefore, any small addition of base or acid will result in very large changes in the pH of the solution. A buffer solution is made with a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.

How do gases responsible for acid rain get into the atmosphere

Answers

Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.

Which statement is true about oxygen-17 and oxygen-18? A Their atoms have identical masses B They do not have the same number of protons C They have different numbers of electrons D They are isotopes of oxygen

Answers

Answer:

option d

Explanation:

isotope means atoms with different mass no. 17 and 18 written on the left represent mass number

this is because atoms can differ in mass no.

option a is incorrect as they have different mass no,hence,different massoption b is incorrect as atoms-oxygen-17 and oxygen 18-of same element    oxygen cannot differ in no of protonsif they had different no of electons they would have a charge like -1,-2,etcoption d is correct,because atoms can differ in mass no.   isotope means atoms with different mass no. 17 and 18 written on the left represent mass number                                                      

(b) (i)
What is an ion?

(c)
Name two types of ions and state how they are formed
Types of ions:​

Answers

Answer:

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

in terms of bonds what would the molecule C6H12 be classified as

Answers

It has a double C=C bond so that means it's unsaturated, but it can also be a cyclic compound with only simple C-C bonds

Alkene

I did the test

In nuclear fusion, small fragments, like atomic nuclei, neutrons, and other particles, form when energy is released. TRUE FALSE

Answers

Answer:

TRUE

Explanation:

It is true because along with energy, nuclear fusion releases other particles as well. This can include neutrons or atomic nuclei. An example of this is when hydrogen isotopes (D + T) fuse together to create helium it also releases a neutron. Thus D+T --> He + n + energy.

Therefore the answer is TRUE.

Julie finds a snail on the sidewalk and wants to know whether or not the snail moves throughout the day. She places a
single mark on the sidewalk next to the snail.
What will Julie use the mark for initially?
determining how fast the snail moves
acting as a standard unit of measure
determining the displacement of the snail
O acting as a reference point for detecting motion

Answers

Acting as a reference point for detecting motion

The single mark placed on the sidewalk by Julie has been acting as the reference point for detecting the motion of the snail. Thus, option D is correct.

The snail has been the shelled animal that has been mostly residing in the resting condition with limited movement. To evaluate the movement of the snail, there has been the consideration of a point that was the starting point from the movement.

The line that has been set across the sidewalk has been acting as the reference, and the distance traveled has been calculated from that point. Thus, option D is correct.

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Which element would have properties most similar to those of
cesium (Cs)?
O A. Rb
B. Ca
C. Sr
D. Ba.

Answers

Answer:

Rb

Explanation:

This is because they are in the same group which means they share similar properties.

The correct answer is rubidium (Rb).

What do rubidium and cesium have in common?

This family consists of the elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr, respectively). Group one elements share common characteristics.

What are the physical and chemical properties of caesium?

It is silvery gold, soft, and ductile. It is the most electropositive and most alkaline element.

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How can the rate constant be determined from the rate law

Answers

Answer: The rate constant is the reaction rate divided by the concentration terms.

)Assertion: Corrosion is a beneficial process for metals. Reason : Galvanising and electroplating of metals prevent corrosion.

Answers

The assertion is definitely wrong. Corrosion actually means decomposing or rusting of metals. So, corrosion is a harmful process for metals. But, your reason is correct. Galvanising, which means deposition of a layer of zinc on iron to prevent from rusting, is a very beneficial process to prevent metals from corrosion. In some cases, electroplating also helps to prevent from corrosion.

Hope it helps
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