Compare and contrast the views of management and accountants regarding the changes required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on internal controls and how these changes have affected corporations, accounting firms, and investors?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer and Explanation:

The SoX sarbanes oxley act of 2002 was enacted to address company fraud that was exemplary of Eron and worldcom and bring back the confidence held in the financial market

It was meant to increase the effectiveness of internal control in companies in keeping accounting records or financial reports reliable and fraud-proof. The SOX act increased the independence of company auditors making their reports more reliable as they didn't have to compromise because they were dependent on top managers. In addition top managers were held responsible for any fraud in accounting statements and so were to certify the reliability of reports released to the public


Related Questions

Consider the following information for Dave Company for the month of May: Direct materials (DM) purchased and used 86,000 gallons Total quantity of DM budgeted to be used in May production 81,400 gallons Actual cost of DM purchased and used in May $230,200 Unfavorable DM quantity variance $12,880 What is the DM price variance in May

Answers

Answer:

Direct material price variance = $ 10,600  favourable

Explanation:

The Direct material quantity variance($) = Direct material qty variance × standard price

Standard price  = Direct material quantity variance ($)/Direct material quantity variance in units

Direct material quantity variance in units= 86,000 - 81,400 = 4,600

Standard price  = $12,880/4,600 units = $2.8

Direct material price variance occurs when the actual quantity of materials are purchased at an actual price per unit higher or lower than the standard price.

Direct material price variance                                                    $

86,000 gallons should have cost (86,000× $2.8) =           240,800

But did cost                                                                            230,200

Direct material price variance                                               10,600  favourable

Direct material price variance = $ 10,600  favourable                                    

The manager for a growing firm is considering the launch of a new product. If the product goes directly to market, there is a 40 percent chance of success. For $165,000, the manager can conduct a focus group that will increase the product’s chance of success to 55 percent. Alternatively, the manager has the option to pay a consulting firm $380,000 to research the market and refine the product. The consulting firm successfully launches new products 70 percent of the time. If the firm successfully launches the product, the payoff will be $1.80 million. If the product is a failure, the NPV is zero.
Calculate the NPV for each option available for the project. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answers in dollars, not millions of dollars, i.e. 1,234,567)
NPV
Go to market now $
Focus group $
Consulting firm $
Which action should the firm undertake?
A. Go to market now
B. Consulting firm
C. Focus group

Answers

Answer:

NPVs:

Go to market now  = $720,000Focus group   = $825,000Consulting firm  = $880,000

Which action should the firm undertake?

B. Consulting firm

Since the NPV of hiring a consulting firm is higher, then that option should be taken.

Explanation:

the expected values:

Go to market now  = 40% x $1.8 million = $720,000

Consulting firm   = 55% x $1.8 million = $990,000

Focus group  = 70% x $1.8 million = $1,260,000

the expected NPVs:

Go to market now  = $720,000

Consulting firm   = $990,000 - $165,000 = $825,000

Focus group  = $1,260,000 - $380,000 = $880,000

As illustrated by Textron Inc., when a firm uses the __________ structure hierarchy, the headquarters might rely on strategic controls to set rate-of-return targets and financial controls to monitor divisional performance relative to those targets and then allocate cash flow to the different divisions accordingly.

Answers

Answer:. Competitive

Explanation:

The competitive structure hierarchy is the most costky and also the most centralized form of multidivisional structure.

It should be noted that when this structure is used, the headquarters might rely on strategic controls to set rate-of-return targets and financial controls to monitor divisional performance relative to those targets and then allocate cash flow to the different divisions accordingly.

Creative Solutions Company, a computer consulting firm, has decided to write off the $11,750 balance of an account owed by a customer, Wil Treadwell.
Journalize the entry to record the write-off, assuming that the direct write-off method is used.

Answers

Answer:

DR Bad Debts Expense $11,750

CR Accounts Receivable $11,750

(To record accounts receivable written off)

Explanation;

Direct method of writing off involves removing the bad debt directly from the Accounts Receivable account instead of using the Allowance for Doubtful debt account.

Loaded-Up Fund charges a 12b-1 fee of 1.0% and maintains an expense ratio of 0.75%. Economy Fund charges a front-end load of 2% but has no 12b-1 fee and an expense ratio of 0.25%. Assume the rate of return on both funds’ portfolios (before any fees) is 6% per year. How much will an investment of $1,000 in each fund grow to after:

Answers

How much will an investment in each fund grow to after: (LO 4-5)

a. 1 year?

b. 3 years?

c. 10 years?

Answer:

A.  Year 1 = $1036.35

B.  Year 3 = $1158.96

C.  Year 10 = $1714.08

Explanation:

Given an investment of $1000. The end value of the investment will be equal

to I × (1 - front-end load) × (1 + r - true expense ratio)T

Loaded-Up:

Then add the 12b-1 fee to the operating expenses to obtain the true expense ratio: Expense ratio + (12b-1 fee) = 1% + 0.75% = 1.75%

a. Year 1 = $1000 (1 + 0.06 - 0.0175) = $104.25

b. Year 3 = $1000 (1 + 0.06 - 0.0175)^3 = $113.30

c. Year 10 = $1000 (1 + 0.06 - 0.0175)^10 = $151.62

Economy fund:

a. Year 1 = $1000 * 0.98 (1 + 0.06 - 0.0025) = $1036.35

b. Year 3 = $1000 * 0.98 (1 + 0.06 - 0.0025)^3 = $1158.96

c. Year 10 = $1000 * 0.98 (1 + 0.06 - 0.0025)^10 = $1714.08

Cost of Goods Manufactured, using Variable Costing and Absorption Costing On March 31, the end of the first year of operations, Barnard Inc., manufactured 4,100 units and sold 3,500 units. The following income statement was prepared, based on the variable costing concept: Barnard Inc. Variable Costing Income Statement For the Year Ended March 31, 20Y1 Sales $1,085,000 Variable cost of goods sold: Variable cost of goods manufactured $610,900 Inventory, March 31 (89,400) Total variable cost of goods sold (521,500) Manufacturing margin $563,500 Total variable selling and administrative expenses (129,500) Contribution margin $434,000 Fixed costs: Fixed manufacturing costs $278,800 Fixed selling and administrative expenses 87,500 Total fixed costs (366,300) Operating income $67,700 Determine the unit cost of goods manufactured, based on (a) the variable costing concept and (b) the absorption costing concept. Variable costing $ Absorption costing $

Answers

Answer:

a.  $149.00

b.  $217.00

Explanation:

Variable Costing

Product Cost under Variable Costing = Variable Manufacturing Costs Only

Total Variable Manufacturing Cost = $610,900

Unit Cost = Total Cost / Units Manufactured

                = $610,900 / 4,100 units

                = $149.00

Variable Costing

Product Cost under Absorption Costing = Variable Manufacturing Costs + Fixed Manufacturing Costs.

Total Absorption Cost Calculation

Total Variable Manufacturing Cost  $610,900

Fixed manufacturing costs               $278,800

Total Absorption Cost                      $889,700

Unit Cost = Total Cost / Units Manufactured

                = $889,700 / 4,100 units

                = $217.00

The US Public Debt was $18.2 trillion in 2015. This was up from $16.4 trillion in 2012. In 2015, Foreign ownership was 34% of that total, or $6.1 trillion. Of this $6.1 trillion, China held 20%, Japan 18%, and oil exporting nations 5%.
1) How does the fact that 34% (and increasing) of the debt is held by foreigners make you feel?
2) What are potential risks or pitfalls with foreigners owning an increasing amount of the US Debt?
3) How concerned should we feel?

Answers

Answer:

1) The fact that 34% and increasing  of the debt of The US is held by Foreigners is worrisome

2) some of the pitfalls to this increasing debts owned by Foreigners includes : partial loss of the country sovereignty, devaluation of the dollar and difficulties in meeting repayment conditions

3 ) we as a Nation should feel very concerned and sort for other means of funding instead of accumulating foreign public debts .

Explanation:

Total debt owed in 2015 = $18.2 trillion

Total debt owed in 2012 = $ 16.4 trillion

increase in debt = $1.8 trillion percentage increase = 1.8 / 16.4 * 100 = 10.98%

1) The fact that 34% of the debt of The US is held by Foreigners is worrisome

2) some of the pitfalls to this increasing debts owned by Foreigners includes : partial loss of the country sovereignty, devaluation of the dollar and difficulties in meeting repayment conditions

3 ) we as a Nation should feel very concerned and sort for other means of funding instead of accumulating foreign public debts .

Ruth Hu recently inherited $200,000. She has invested the inherited money in real estate and government securities. Hu is using her money as a:

Answers

Answer:

Store of value.

Explanation:

Ruth Hu recently inherited $200,000. She has invested the inherited money in real estate and government securities. Hu is using her money as a store of value.

A store of value can be defined as the characteristic of an asset which makes it tradable, can be saved, maintain its value, retrievable and exchanged at a future time without it depreciating.

Assets with such functions or characteristics are money, gold, diamonds and other precious stones.

Answer:

Store of value.

Explanation:

I read the story.

Zarina Corp. signed a new installment note on January 1, 2018, and deposited the proceeds of $15,000 in its bank account. The note has a two-year term, compounds 4 percent interest annually, and requires an annual installment payment on December 31. Zarina Corp.
Required:
1. Use an online application, such as the loan calculator with annual payments at mycalculators.com, to generate an amortization schedule. Enter that information into an amortization schedule with the following headings: Year, Beginning Notes Payable, Interest Expense, Repaid Principal on Notes Payable, and Ending Notes Payable.
2. Prepare the journal entry on January 1, 2018, the adjusting journal entry to accrue interest on March 31, 2018. Assuming the journal entry from requirement 3 also is recorded on June 30, September 30, and December 31, 2018, prepare the journal entry to record the first annual installment payment on December 31, 2018.
3. Calculate the amount of interest expense that should be accrued for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

Answers

Answer:

1)

the annual installment = $7,952.94

total Interest paid = $905.88

Year     Beginning            Interest           Repaid            Ending

            Notes Payable     Expense         Principal         Notes Payable

1            $15,000               $600               $7,352.94      $7,647.06

2           $7,647.06           $305.88           $7,647.06      $0

2)

March 31, 2018, accrued interests on notes payable

Dr Interest expense 150

    Cr Interest payable 150

June 30, 2018, accrued interests on notes payable

Dr Interest expense 150

    Cr Interest payable 150

September 30, 2018, accrued interests on notes payable

Dr Interest expense 150

    Cr Interest payable 150

December 31, 2018, accrued interests on notes payable

Dr Interest expense 150

    Cr Interest payable 150

December 31, 2018, first installment on notes payable

Dr Notes payable 7,352.94

Dr Interest payable 600

    Cr Cash 7,952.94

3)

March 31, 2019, accrued interests on notes payable

Dr Interest expense 76.47

    Cr Interest payable 76.47

1. The Amortization schedule is:

Year  Beginning Notes Interest expense   Repaid Principle  Ending notes

                    Payable                                      on notes payable    Payable

2018           15,000                     600                    7,353                     7,647

2019            7,647                      306                     7,647                       0

                                             

The annual payment is an annuity and can be found as:

Loan= Annuity x Present value interest factor of annuity, 4%, 2 years

15,000 = Annuity x 1.886

Annuity = 15,000 / 1.886

= $7,953

Principal repaid in first year = Amount paid - interest

= 7,953 - (15,000 x 4%)

=  7,953 - 600

= $7,353

Principal repaid in second year

= 7,953 - (4% x 7,647)

= $7,647

2.

Date                Account title                                      Debit                 Credit

Jan 1, 2018      Cash                                               $15,000

                       Notes Payable                                                          $15,000

Date                     Account title                                      Debit              Credit

March 31, 2018     Interest expense                             $150

                             Interest payable                                                        $150

Working:

= Loan amount x Rate x period of loan so far

= 15,000 x 4% x 3/ 12 months

= $150

Date                Account title                                      Debit                 Credit

Dec 1, 2018    Interest payable                                $600

                       Notes payable                                  $7,353

                        Cash                                                                          $7,953

3. Interest accrued March 31,2019:

= Loan amount in second year x 4% x 3/12 months

= 7,647 x 4% x 3/12

= $76

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A large open economy has desired national saving of Sd = 1200 + 1000rw, and desired national investment of Id = 1000 - 500rw. The foreign economy has desired national saving of = 1300 + 1000rw, and desired national investment of = 1800 - 500rw. The equilibrium world real interest rate equal to:________.

Answers

Answer: 10%

Explanation:

The Equilibrium real interest rate would be the interest rate that equates the Desired savings to the desired investment for both the National and foreign economy.

Desired national saving + Foreign desired national saving = Desired national investment + Foreign desired national investment

1,200 + 1,000rw + 1,300 + 1,000rw = (1,000 - 500rw) + (1,800 - 500rw)

2,500 + 2,000rw = 2,800 - 1,000rw

2,000rw + 1,000rw = 2,800 - 2,500

3,000rw = 300

rw = 0.1

rw = 10%

The _____ was established by Congress to encourage American firms to focus on quality improvement in order to improve their global competitiveness.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is: Baldridge Performance Excellence Program.

Explanation:

To begin with, the "Baldridge Performance Excellence Program" is the name given to the program that was established by the United States of America in order to encourage the companies of the country to improve their performance regarding the economy and the globalization that was happening at the time the program was created. It receives its name from the ex secretary of commerce Malcom Baldridge and the award gives to the company selected the recognition of having performance excellence in the its field  

Initially, the exchange rate between South Korean won and Tunisian dinar is in equilibrium. Then, there is a decrease in demand for Tunisian dinar. As a result of a decrease in demand for Tunisian dinar, what happens to South Korea's currency in relation to Tunisia's currency

Answers

Answer:

it appreciates

Explanation:

Exchange rate is the rate at which one currency is exchanged for another currency.

If the demand of the Tunisian dinar decreases, supply of the currency would exceed the demand for the currency. as a result of this, the value of the Tunisian dinar falls , it depreciates and the won appreciates.

A closed-end fund starts the year with a net asset value of $12.00. By year-end, NAV equals $12.10. At the beginning of the year, the fund was selling at a 2% premium to NAV. By the end of the year, the fund is selling at a 7% discount to NAV. The fund paid year-end distributions of income and capital gains of $1.50. a. What is the rate of return to an investor in the fund during the year?

Answers

Answer:

One-year return on the fund (including capital gain/loss) 4.19%

Explanation:

An investor could purchase the fund at

12 x (1 + 2%) = 12.24

During the year, received 1.50 in distributions of income

At year-end it could sale it at:

12.10 x (1 - 7%) = 11.253

Capital return: 11.253 - 12.24= -0.987

Total return 1.50 - 0.987 = 0.513

Investment cost: 12.24

Return of return:  return / investment

0.513 / 12.24 =  0,0419117 = 4.19%

The Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1993 modified the 1986 passive loss restrictions by allowing individuals who materially participate in rental real estate to deduct rental losses from other income. To qualify, how much time must a person devote to personal services to real property trades or business during a tax year

Answers

Answer:

The answer is "50%"

Explanation:

Modify the state budget Act of 1974 to boost the FY in 1994 and 1995. It is the maximum federal debt quantity and also to set these other quantities for FY 1996 to 1998. Repudiates in the 1994 and 1995 boundaries on consumption spending.

In the Act of 1993, it modifies the 1986 active losses restrictions so, that it allowed rental damages from other revenues to also be deducted from persons who significantly participated such rental properties.  

The person may allocate 50% to his time towards services rendered throughout a tax year from the business.

According to the adaptive expectations theory, you are likely to underestimate inflation when the price level is increasing at a_____________ rate and to overestimate inflation when price level is increasing at a___________rate.
a. Increasing
b. Decreasing
c. Constant

Answers

Answer: increasing

Explanation:

Adaptive expectations hypothesis is a theory which states that economic agents such as the individuals, firms and the government will look at past events and experiences to make adjustments on future expectations.

According to the theory, one is likely to underestimate inflation when the price level is increasing at an increasing rate and to overestimate inflation when price level is increasing at an increasing rate.

Signal mistakenly produced 1,450 defective cell phones. The phones cost $64 each to produce. A salvage company will buy the defective phones as they are for $32 each. It would cost Signal $82 per phone to rework the phones. If the phones are reworked, Signal could sell them for $148 each. Assume there is no opportunity cost associated with reworking the phones. Compute the incremental net income from reworking the phones.

Answers

Answer:

Incremental income from reworking the phone   is $49,300

Explanation:

                         Scrap              Rework

Sales                $46,400          $214,600

                        (32 * 1,450)      (148 * 1,450)

- Rework costs       0                   $118,900

                                                  (82 * 1,450)

Profit                 $46,400            $95,700

Incremental income from reworking the phone  

= $95,700 - $46,400

= $49,300

What is the yield to maturity of a​ one-year, risk-free,​ zero-coupon bond with a $ 10 comma 000 face value and a price of $ 9 comma 800 when​ released?

Answers

Answer:

2.04%

Explanation:

yield to maturity of a zero coupon bond = (face value / market value)¹/ⁿ - 1

YTM = ($10,000 / $9,800)¹/¹ - 1 = 0.0204 = 2.04%

The yield to maturity is the expected return (yield) that a bondholder should receive after holding the bond until maturity. Generally risk free bonds have a very low YTM, and as risk increases, so does the bond's yield.

Cull Corporation uses a job-order costing system with a single plantwide predetermined overhead rate based on machine-hours. The company based its predetermined overhead rate for the current year on total fixed manufacturing overhead cost of $465,000, variable manufacturing overhead of $2.10 per machine-hour, and 75,000 machine-hours. The company has provided the following data concerning Job X455 which was recently completed: Number of units in the job 10 Total machine-hours 80 Direct materials $ 750 Direct labor cost $ 1,500 If the company marks up its unit product costs by 20% then the selling price for a unit in Job X455 is closest to: (Round your intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places.) Multiple

Answers

Answer:

$3,496.80

Explanation:

total predetermined overhead rate = ($465,000 / 75,000 machine hours) + $2.10 per machine hour = $6.20 + $2,10 = $8.30

total costs related to Job 10:

Direct materials $750 Direct labor cost $1,500manufacturing overhead $8.30 x 80 = $664total $2,914

markup = (sales price - unit cost) / unit cost

20% = (sales price - $2,914) / $2,914

$582.80 = sales price - $2,914

sales price = $3,496.80

However, the debt issues also raises the probability of bankruptcy. You company has a 30% chance of going bankrupt after 3 years. If it does go bankrupt, it will incur bankrupt costs of $200,000. Again, the discount rate is 10%. What is the expected cost of bankruptcy at the end of the third year? And what is the present value of this cost as of today? (Hint: if there is a 30%t chance of costing shareholders $200,000, what is the expected cost? And, it could only happen at the end of the third year.)

Answers

Answer:

Expected Cost = $60,000

Present Value of Expected Cost = $45,079

Explanation:

The chance that the bankruptcy will happen is 30% and the cost it will incur if it happens is $200,000. The expected cost is the probability of the event happening multiplied by the cost of the event happening.

Expected Cost = 200,000 * 0.3

= $60,000

The present value of this cost assuming a discount rate of 10% is;

= [tex]\frac{60,000}{(1 + 0.10)^{3} }[/tex]

= $45,078.89

= $45,079

Q 11.26: The board of directors of Testa Incorporated has decided that they would like to declare a $400,000 cash dividend at some point in the near future. The company currently has Retained Earnings of $2,419,000 and a Cash balance of $827,000. They also have current liabilities totaling $436,000. What is missing in order for Testa to be able to pay a cash dividend

Answers

Answer: B. : a healthy cash reserve

Explanation:

For the company to be able to declare a Dividend, it's cash reserve needs to be healthy. For this to happen use the following formula;

Free cash balance = Available cash balance - Current Liabilities payable

= 827,000 - 436,000

= $391,000

After taking out the money that will be needed to pay the Current Liabilities, there would be an insufficient balance to pay off the Dividends of $400,000.

Their cash reserve is not healthy enough for the dividends to be declared.

The thing that is missing in order for Testa to be able to pay a cash dividend is a healthy cash reserve.

It should be noted that for the company to be able to declare a dividend, it's important that the cash reserve is healthy.

The free cash balance can be calculated as:

= Available cash balance - Current Liabilities payable

= $827,000 - $436,000

= $391,000

When the current liabilities are paid, there would be an insufficient balance to pay off the dividends of $400,000. Therefore, a healthy cash reserve is required.

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Solt Corporation uses a job-order costing system and has provided the following partially completed T-account summary for the past year. Finished Goods Bal. 1/1 38,000 Credits ? Debits ? Bal. 12/31 50,000 The Cost of Goods Manufactured for the year was $415,000.The unadjusted Cost of Goods Sold for the year was:

Answers

Answer:

The unadjusted Cost of Goods Sold for the year was: $403,000

Explanation:

Calculation of Cost of Goods Sold

Opening Finished Goods Inventory                    $38,000

Add Cost of Goods Manufactured for the year $415,000

Less Ending Finished Goods Inventory             ($50,000)

Cost of Goods Sold                                            $403,000

The Boxwood Company sells blankets for $ 35.00 each. The following was taken from the inventory records during May. The company had no beginning inventory on May 1.
Date Blankets Units Cost
May 03 Purchase 10 $26
10 Sale 5
17 Purchase 16 $27
20 Sale 4
23 Sale 3
30 Sale 9 $28
Assuming that the company uses the perpetual inventory system, determine the cost of merchandise sold for the sale of May 20 using the LIFO Inventory cost method.
a. $108.
b. $81.
c. $252.
d. $130.

Answers

Answer:

The cost of merchandise sold for the sale of May 20 using the LIFO Inventory cost method is a. $108.

Explanation:

LIFO (Last in First Out) assumes that the last goods purchased are the first ones to be issued to the final customer or requisitioning department.

Calculation of the cost of merchandise sold for the sale of May 20 using the LIFO :

Cost of merchandise sold = 4 units × $27

                                           = $108

Conclusion :

The cost of merchandise sold for the sale of May 20 using the LIFO Inventory cost method is a. $108.

Present value with periodic rates. Sam​ Hinds, a local​ dentist, is going to remodel the dental reception area and add two new workstations. He has contacted​ A-Dec, and the new equipment and cabinetry will cost ​$25 comma 000. The purchase will be financed with an interest rate of 10​% loan over 6 years. What will Sam have to pay for this equipment if the loan calls for semiannual payments ​(2 per​ year) and monthly payments ​(12 per​ year)? Compare the annual cash outflows of the two payments. Why does the monthly payment plan have less total cash outflow each​ year? What will Sam have to pay for this equipment if the loan calls for semiannual payments ​(2 per​ year)?

Answers

Answer:

What will Sam have to pay for this equipment if the loan calls for semiannual payments ​(2 per​ year)

$2,820.62

and monthly payments ​(12 per​ year)?

$531.13

Compare the annual cash outflows of the two payments.

total semiannual payments per year = $2,820.62 x 2 = $5,641.24total monthly payments per year = $531.13 x 12 = $6,373.56

Why does the monthly payment plan have less total cash outflow each​ year?

The monthly payment has a higher total cash outflow ($6,373.56 higher than $5,641.24), it is not lower. Since the compounding period is shorter, more interest is charged.

What will Sam have to pay for this equipment if the loan calls for semiannual payments ​(2 per​ year)?

$2,820.62 x 12 payments = $33,847.44 ($25,000 principal and $8,847.44 interests)

Explanation:

cabinet cost $25,000

interest rate 10%

we can use the present value of an annuity formula to determine the monthly payment:

present value = $25,000

PV annuity factor (5%, 12 periods) = 8.86325

payment = PV / annuity factor = $25,000 / 8.8633 = $2,820.62

present value = $25,000

PV annuity factor (0.8333%, 60 periods) = 47.06973

payment = PV / annuity factor = $25,000 / 47.06973 = $531.13

Suppose an American buys stock issued by an Argentinian corporation. The Argentinian firm uses the proceeds from the sale to build a new office complex. This is an example of foreign ___________ in Argentina.

1. Which of the following policies are consistent with the goal of increasing productivity and growth in developing countries?

a. Protecting property rights and enforce contracts
b. Providing tax breaks and patents for firms that pursue research and development in health and sciences.
c. Increasing taxes on income from savings
d. Imposing restrictions on foreign ownership of domestic capital.

2. In less developed countries, what does the brain drain refer to?

a. The emigration of highly skilled workers to rich countries
b. Lower productivity due to a malnourished workforce
c. Rapid population growth that increases the burden on the educational system
d. Rapid population growth that lowers the stock of capital per worker

Answers

Answer:

Suppose an American buys stock issued by an Argentinian corporation. The Argentinian firm uses the proceeds from the sale to build a new office complex. This is an example of foreign PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT in Argentina.

1. Which of the following policies are consistent with the goal of increasing productivity and growth in developing countries?

a. Protecting property rights and enforce contracts b. Providing tax breaks and patents for firms that pursue research and development in health and sciences.

Both A and B are essential for increasing economic growth. E.g. if Coke was not able to keep its formula secret in certain country, it will not engage in business there. Investment in R&D is essential for future economic growth.

2. In less developed countries, what does the brain drain refer to?

a. The emigration of highly skilled workers to rich countries

Brain drain refers to the immigration of highly skilled workers from poor countries into rich countries. E.g. a doctor moves from mexico to the US because he/she can earn a much higher salary. But at the same time, all the money and time spent educating the doctor is lost by Mexico and its economy.

Smith & Smith has a bond rating of B and an Altman s Z-score of 1.0. This suggests that:

Answers

Answer:

"The firm has high credit risk" is the correct answer.

Explanation:

A Z-Score exceeding 2.99 indicates an organization becomes focused mostly on the economic projections throughout the safe space. Throughout the Grey Zone, a Z-Score among 1.8 as well as 2.99 means that there is indeed a reasonable possibility that the business will go bankrupt throughout the next 2 years. In the meantime, mostly in Distress Zone, just one Z-Score under 1.80 suggests a high likelihood of discomfort during this timeframe.

3. Berkshire Hathaway A shares are trading at $120,000. What split ratio would it need to bring its stock price down to $50

Answers

You can divide to find the answer

The cost structure of two firms competing in the same industry is represented by the following cost formulas: Company X = $2,276,000 + $50/ unit; Company Z = $1,052,000 + $98/unit. The selling price is $145 per unit for both companies. Required: 1. Calculate the indifference point between the two cost structures, that is, the amount of unit sales that produce exactly the same operating income for Company X and Company Z.

Answers

Answer:

Indifference point= 25,500

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Company X = $2,276,000 + $50/ unit

Company Z = $1,052,000 + $98/unit

We need to find the indifference point where the two companies provide the same total cost.

We need to equal both cost equations:

2,276,000 + 50x = 1,052,000 + 98x

1,224,000 = 48x

25,500= x

x= number of units

To prove:

Company X = $2,276,000 + $50*25,500= $3,551,000

Company Z = $1,052,000 + $98*25,500= $3,551,000

A and B are substitute goods and are priced the same. A complementary good of A increases in price while the price of the same complentary good for B remains the same. According to the law of demand, with everything else being equal, what will happen to the demand of A

Answers

Answer:

The demand for A will decrease

Explanation:

If A and B are substitute goods it means either A and B can be used in the place of the other as they satisfy same needs. Two goods are said to be complementary goods if the use of 1 of the goods requires the use of the other. For example if good A was a car, it's complementary good will be petrol.

Since A and B can be substituted for each other, if the price of a Complementary good for A increases, the demand for A will decrease because the law of demand says that higher prices causes decrease in demand. People will rather buy good B whose complement remains the same in price since it is cheaper.

I hope you find my answer useful.

n 2016, Joshua gave $14,000 worth of Microsoft stock to his son. In 2017, the Microsoft shares were worth $23,000. What was the gift tax in 2016? The gift tax exemption in 2016 was the same as in 2017.

Answers

Answer:

$0

Explanation:

There is a provision that if the tax received on the money with respect to the valuation of the property is more than the $14,000 the same is to be taxable

Since there is $14,000 worth so no tax collection could be made on the gift amount

If the gift amount exceeds $14,000 the same is to be taxable

So the gift tax in 2016 would be $0

Trendy Coats applies overhead based on labor hours. It has a predetermined overhead application or standard rate of $5.00/hour. If they had 1000 standard hours and an unfavorable variable overhead efficiency variance of $400 Unfavorable, how many actual hours were used?

Answers

Answer:

Actual quantity= 1,080 hours

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Predetermined overhead application rate= $5.00/hour.

They had 1000 standard hours

Unfavorable variable overhead efficiency variance= $400

To calculate the number of actual hours incurred, we need to use the following formula:

Variable overhead efficiency variance= (Standard Quantity - Actual Quantity)*Standard rate

-400 = (1,000 - AQ)*5

-400 - 5,000 = -5AQ

-5,400/5= -AQ

Actual quantity= 1,080 hours

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