Calculate Delta G for each reaction using Delta Gf values: answer kJ ...thank you

a) H2(g)+I2(s)--->2HI(g)

b) MnO2(s)+2CO(g)--->Mn(s)+2CO2(g)

c) NH4Cl(s)--->NH3(g)+HCl(g)

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

a) [tex]\Delta G=2.6kJ[/tex]

b) [tex]\Delta G=-979.57kJ[/tex]

c) [tex]\Delta G=264.21kJ[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, in each reaction we must subtract the Gibbs free energy of formation the reactants to the Gibbs free energy of formation of the products considering each species stoichiometric coefficients. In such a way, the Gibbs free energy of formations are:

[tex]\Delta _fG_{H_2}=\Delta _fG_{I_2}=0kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{HI}=1.3kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{CO_2}=-394.4kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{CO}=-137.3 kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{NH_3}=16.7 kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{HCl}=-95.3kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{MnO_2}=465.37kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{Mn}=0kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{NH_4Cl}=-342.81kJ/mol[/tex]

So we proceed as follows:

a)

[tex]\Delta G=2\Delta _fG_{HI}-\Delta _fG_{H_2}-\Delta _fG_{I_2}\\\\\Delta G=2*1.3\\\\\Delta G=2.6kJ[/tex]

b)

[tex]\Delta G=\Delta _fG_{Mn}+2*\Delta _fG_{CO_2}-\Delta _fG_{MnO_2}-2*\Delta _fG_{CO}\\\\\Delta G=0+2*-394.4-465.37-2*-137.3\\\\\Delta G=-979.57kJ[/tex]

c)

[tex]\Delta G=\Delta _fG_{NH_3}+\Delta _fG_{HCl}-\Delta _fG_{NH_4Cl}\\\\\Delta G=16.7-95.3-(-342.81)\\\\\Delta G=264.21kJ[/tex]

Regards.


Related Questions

Calculate the frequency (Hz) and wavelength (nm)

of the emitted photon when an electron drops from

the n = 4 to the n=2 level in a hydrogen atom

Answers

Answer:

wavelength, λ =  486.6 nm

frequency, f = 6.16 * 10¹⁴ Hz

Explanation:

a. Wavelength

Using the wavelength equation; 1/λ = (1/hc) * 2.18 * 10⁻¹⁸ J * (1/nf² - 1/ni²)

Where nf is the final energy level; ni is the initial energy level; h is Planck's constant = 6.63 * 10⁻³⁴ J.s; c is velocity of light = 3 * 10⁸ m/s

1/λ = 1/(6.63 * 10⁻³⁴ J.s * 3 * 10⁸ m/s) * 2.18 * 10⁻¹⁸ J * (1/2² - 1/4²)

1/λ = 2.055 * 10⁶ m

λ = 4.866 * 10⁻⁷ m

wavelength, λ =  486.6 nm

b.  Frequency

Using f = c/λ

f = (3 * 10⁸ m/s) / 4.866 * 10⁻⁷ m

frequency, f = 6.16 * 10¹⁴ Hz

Treatment of 1 mole of dimethyl sulfate with 2 moles of sodium acetylide results in the formation of propyne as the major product.
A) Draw a reasonable mechanism accounting for the formation of the byproduct 2-butyne.
B) 2-Butyne is observed as a minor product of this reaction. Draw a mechanism accounting for the formation of this minor product and explain how your proposed mechanism is consistent with the observation that acetylene is present among the reaction products.
C) Predict the major and minor products that are expected if diethyl sulfate is used in place of dimethyl sulfate.

Answers

Answer:

(a) appended underneath is the inorganic ion shaped in the reaction and the mechanism of its formation  

(b) 2-butyne framed as a minor product is appeared in the connection. It is shaped when the monosodium subordinate of dimethylsulphoxide gets a hydrogen from the propyne and reacts again with monosodium methylsulphoxide.  

(c) The major product framed when diethylsulphoxide is utilized, would be butyne and minor product would be 3-hexyne.

Explanation:

attached below is diagram

The Haber Process is the main industrial procedure to produce ammonia. The reaction combines nitrogen from air with hydrogen mainly from natural gas (methane) and is reversible and exothermic. The enthalpy change for this reaction is - 92 kJ mol-1. In an experiment, 1.5 moles of N2 and 4.0 moles of H2 is mixed in a 1.50 dm3 reaction vessel at 450 °C. After reaching equilibrium, the mixture contained 0.9 mole of NH3.
A) With the above information, write the reaction equilibrium equation in the Haber process. t.
B) Calculate Kc for this reaction.
C) What is the equilibrium yield of ammonia in this reaction?
D) Referring to Le Chatelier's principle and above information, suggest two ways to increase the yield of ammonia in this reaction and explain.

Answers

Answer:

A) [tex]N_2(g)+3H_2(g)\rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g)[/tex].

B) [tex]Kc=0.0933[/tex].

C) 0.9 mol.

D) Increasing both temperature and pressure.

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, given the information, we proceed as follows:

A)

[tex]N_2(g)+3H_2(g)\rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g)[/tex]

B) For the calculation of Kc, we rate the equilibrium expression:

[tex]Kc=\frac{[NH_3]^2}{[N_2][H_2]^3}[/tex]

Next, since at equilibrium the concentration of ammonia is 0.6 M (0.9 mol in 1.5 dm³ or L), in terms of the reaction extent [tex]x[/tex], we have:

[tex][NH_3]=0.6M=2*x[/tex]

[tex]x=\frac{0.6M}{2}=0.3M[/tex]

Next, the concentrations of nitrogen and hydrogen at equilibrium are:

[tex][N_2]=\frac{1.5mol}{1.5L}-x=1M-0.3M=0.7M[/tex]

[tex][H_2]=\frac{4mol}{1.5L}-3*x=2.67M-0.9M=1.77M[/tex]

Therefore, the equilibrium constant is:

[tex]Kc=\frac{(0.6M)^2}{(0.7M)*(1.77M)^3}\\ \\Kc=0.0933[/tex]

C) In this case, the equilibrium yield of ammonia is clearly 0.9 mol since is the yielded amount once equilibrium is established.

D) Here, since the reaction is endothermic (positive enthalpy change), one way to increase the yield of ammonia is increasing the temperature since heat is reactant for endothermic reactions. Moreover, since this reaction has less moles at the products, another way to increase the yield is increasing the pressure since when pressure is increased the side with fewer moles is favored.

Best regards.

g A spontaneous process is one in which: A. releases a large amount of heat B. may happen (is possible) C. will rapidly approach equilibrium D. will happen quickly

Answers

Answer:

A. releases a large amount of heat

Explanation:

A reaction is said to be spontaneous if it can proceed on its own without the addition of external energy. A spontaneous reaction is not determined by the length of time, because some spontaneous reactions are completed after a long period of time. They are exothermic in nature. An example is the conversion of graphite to carbon which takes a long period of time to complete. Spontaneous reactions are known to increase entropy in a system. Entropy is the rate of disorder in a system.

In the combustion of fire, energy is released to the surroundings as there is a decrease in energy. This is an example of a spontaneous reaction because it is an exothermic reaction, which causes an increase in entropy and a decrease in energy.

the equilibrium concentrations were found to be [H2O]=0.250 M , [H2]=0.600 M , and [O2]=0.800 M . What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction?

Answers

Answer:

Keq = 0.217

Explanation:

Let's determine the equilibrium reaction.

In gaseous state, water vapor can be decomposed to hydrogen and oxygen and this is a reversible reaction.

2H₂(g)  + O₂(g)  ⇄  2H₂O (g)         Keq

Let's make the expression for the equilibrium constant

Products / Reactants

We elevate the concentrations, to the stoichiometry coefficients.

Keq = [H₂O]² / [O₂] . [H₂]²

Keq = 0.250² / 0.8 . 0.6² =  0.217

what is the IUPAC name of KNO3, Fe(OH)3, H2SO3 and Al2(SO4)3

Answers

Answer:

KNO₃ - Potassium nitrate

Fe(OH)₃ - Iron(III) hydroxide

H₂SO3 - Sulfurous acid

Al₂(SO₄)₃ - Aluminum sulfate

Hope that helps.

Answer: potassium nitrate

The reaction, 2 SO3(g) <--> 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) is endothermic. Predict what will happen if the tem­perature is increased.

Answers

Explanation:

This reaction is in equilibrium and would hence obey lechatelier's principle. This principle states that whenever a system at equilibrium undergoes a change, it would react in way so as to annul that change.

Since it is an endothermic reaction, increasing the temperature would cause the reaction to shift towards the right.

This means that it favours product formation and more of the product would be formed.

A pressure cooker contains 5.68 liters of air at a temperature of 394 K. If the absolute pressure of the air in the pressure cooker is 205 pascals, how many moles of air are in the cooker? The cooker contains _______ moles of air. 1 SEE ANSWER

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

We shall find out volume of air at NTP or at 273 K and 10⁵ Pa ( 1 atm )

Let it be V₂

[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} =\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]

[tex]\frac{2\times 10^5\times 5.68}{394} =\frac{10^5\times V_2}{273}[/tex]

V₂ = 7.87 litres

22.4 litres of any gas is equivalent to 1 mole

7.87 litres of air will be equivalent to

7.87 / 22.4 moles

= .35 moles .

Which of the following properties should carbon (C) have based on its position on
the periodic table?
A. Shiny
B. Dense
C. Malleable
D. Poor conductor​

Answers

Answer:

D- poor conductor

Explanation:

metallic properties decrease as we go on the right of the periodic table. Carbon is a non metal hence it is dull and a poor conductor.

it has a low density and is ductile.

Answer: Poor conductor

Explanation:

Question 7 options: The cell potential of an electrochemical cell made of an Fe, Fe2 half-cell and a Pb, Pb2 half-cell is _____ V. Enter your answer to the hundredths place and do not leave off the leading zero, if needed.

Answers

Answer: Thus the cell potential of an electrochemical cell is +0.28 V

Explanation:

The calculation of cell potential is done by :

[tex]E^0=E^0_{cathode}- E^0_{anode}[/tex]

Where both [tex]E^0[/tex] are standard reduction potentials.

[tex]E^0_{[Fe^{2+}/Fe]}= -0.41V[/tex]

[tex]E^0_{[Pb^{2+}/Pb]}=-0.13V[/tex]

As Reduction takes place easily if the standard reduction potential is higher(positive) and oxidation takes place easily if the standard reduction potential is less(more negative). Thus iron acts as anode and lead acts as cathode.

[tex]E^0=E^0_{[Pb^{2+}/Pb]}- E^0_{[Fe^{2+}/Fe]}[/tex]

[tex]E^0=-0.13- (-0.41V)=0.28V[/tex]

Thus the cell potential of an electrochemical cell is +0.28 V

What are representative elements"?
A. Elements in the short columns of the periodic table
B. Elements in the same row of the periodic table
C. Elements that share the same properties on the periodic table
D. Elements in the tall columns of the periodic table

Answers

The representative elements are the elements in the tall columns of the periodic table.

What are the representative elements?

The representative elements that can also be referred to as the main group elements. They can be used to represent the chemistry of the group to which they belong.

Hence, the representative elements are the elements in the tall columns of the periodic table.

Learn more about representative elements:https://brainly.com/question/2040861?

#SPJ1

A major component of gasoline is octane, C8H18. When octane is burned in air, it chemically reacts with oxygen gas (O2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) . What mass of carbon dioxide is produced by the reaction of 3.2g of oxygen gas? Round your answer to 2 significant digits.

Answers

Answer:

[tex]m_{CO_2}=2.8gCO_2[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, the combustion of octane is chemically expressed by:

[tex]C_8H_{18}+\frac{25}{2} O_2\rightarrow 8CO_2+9H_2O[/tex]

In such a way, due to the 25/2:8 molar ratio between oxygen and carbon dioxide, we can compute the yielded grams of carbon dioxide (molar mass 44 g/mol) as shown below:

[tex]m_{CO_2}=3.2gO_2*\frac{1molO_2}{32gO_2} *\frac{8molCO_2}{\frac{25}{2}molO_2 } *\frac{44gCO_2}{1molCO_2}\\ \\m_{CO_2}=2.8gCO_2[/tex]

Best regards.

For the following reaction at equilibrium, which gives a change that will shift the position of equilibrium to favor formation of more products? 2NOBr(g) 2NO(g) + Br 2(g), ΔHº rxn = 30 kJ/mol

Answers

Answer:

Based on the given reaction, it is evident that the reaction is endothermic as indicated by a positive sign of enthalpy of reaction. Thus, it can be stated that the favoring of the forward reaction will take place by upsurging the temperature of the reaction mixture.  

Apart from this, based on Le Chatelier’s principle, any modification in the quantity of any species is performed at equilibrium and the reaction will move in such an orientation so that the effect of the change gets minimized. Therefore, a slight enhancement in the concentration of the reactant will accelerate the reaction in the forward direction and hence more formation of the product takes place.  

Which characteristic of life best describes the process of photosynthesis?

Answers

Answer:

Using energy.

Explanation:

Do you expect the compound Na4S to be a stable sulfur compound? Explain why or why not. Select the correct answer below: A. Yes, because sulfur is significantly more electronegative than sodium, so it can ionize sodium. B. Yes, because sodium is significantly more electronegative than sulfur, so it can ionize sulfur. C. No, because sulfur does not typically form negative ions or oxidation states less than 2−. The binary compound formed by sulfur and sodium is Na2S. D. No, because elemental sulfur is not a strong enough oxidation agent to oxidize sodium.

Answers

Answer:

No, because sulfur does not typically form negative ions or oxidation states less than 2−. The binary compound formed by sulfur and sodium is Na2S

Explanation:

Sulphur is a member of group 16. The oxidation states expected for sulphur in group 16 are -1, -2, +1, +2,+3,+4,+5 or +6. The elements of group 16 usually form negative ions with oxidation number of -2. They do not typically form negative ions with oxidation state less than -2.

The implication of this is that we actually do not expect the existence of a compound in which sulphur forms an S^4- anion. In reality, such an anion does not exist. Rather a binary compound of sulphur and sodium will have the formula Na2S because it contains the S^2- anion.

a certain compound was found to contain 54.0 g of carbon and 10.5 grams of hydrogen. its relative molecular mass is 86.0. find the empirical and molecular formulas

Answers

Answer:

empirical formula = C3H7

molecular formula = C6H14

After heating a sample of hydrated CuSO4, the mass of released H2O was found to be 2.0 g. How many moles of H2O were released if the molar mass of H2O is 18.016 g/mol

Answers

Answer:

0.1110 mol

Explanation:

Mass = 2g

Molar mass = 18.016 g/mol

moles = ?

These quantities are realted by the following equation;

Moles = Mass / Molar mass

Substituting the values of the quantities and solving for moles, we have;

Moles = 2 / 18.016 = 0.1110 mol

Calculate the net change in enthalpy for the formation of one mole of acrylic acid from calcium carbide, water and carbon dioxide from these reactions. Round your answer to the nearest .

Answers

Answer:

-471 Kj/mole acrylic acid

Explanation:

THIS IS THE COMPLETE QUESTION BELOW;

There are two steps in the usual industrial preparation of acrylic acid, the immediate precursor of several useful plastics. In the first step, calcium carbide and water react to form acetylene and calcium hydroxide: CaC (s) + 2 H2O(g) - CH (9) + Ca(OH),(s) AH -414. kJ In the second step, acetylene, carbon dioxide and water react to form acrylic acid: 6 C H (9) + 3 CO2(9) + 4H2O(g) - SCH,CHCO,H) AH-132. kJ Calculate the net change in enthalpy for the formation of one mole of acrylic acid from calcium carbide, water and carbon dioxide from these reactions. Round your answer to the nearest kJ. x 5 ?

The two equations from the reaction can be written as;

a)CaC₂(s) + 2H₂O(l) ------->C₂H₂(g) + CaOH₂(s)

Δ H= -414Kj ........................ equation (a)

b)6C₂H₂(g) +3CO₂(g)+4H₂O(g) -------> 5CH₂CHCO₂H(g) Δ H= 132Kj ...................... equation (b)

In equation (b)acrylic acid was produced by the reaction between Acetylene carbon dioxide and water

Then we can multiply equation(a) by factor of 6 and the ΔH Then we have (6× -414Kj)= ΔH= -2484Kj.

6CaC₂(s) + 12H₂O(l) ------->6C₂H₂(g) + 6CaOH₂(s)

Δ H= -2484Kj.................. equation (c)

6C₂H₂(g) +3CO₂(g)+4H₂O(g) -------> 5CH₂CHCO₂H(g) Δ H= 132Kj

Then add equation (c) and equation(b) then we have

6CaC₂(s) + 16H₂O(l)+3CO₂(g)------> 5CH₂CHCO₂H(g) + 6CaOH₂(s) ΔH= -2352Kj

ΔH(net)= -2352Kj/5moles

=-471Kj/mole

therefore, net change in enthalpy for the formation of one mole of acrylic acid from calcium carbide, water and carbon dioxide from these reactions. Round your answer to the nearest kJ. x 5 ? is -471Kj/mole acrylic acid

After the reaction between sodium borohydride and the ketone is complete, the reaction mixture is treated with water and H2SO4 to produce the desired alcohol. Explain the reaction by clearly indicating the source of the hydrogen atom that ends up on the oxygen

Answers

Answer:

The hydrogen can be gotten from the added Acid or water during "workup".

Explanation:

Basically we can say that the reaction describe in this question is a Reduction reaction because of the chemical compound called sodium borohydride. In the reaction described above we can see that there is a Reduction of ketone to alcohol by the compound; sodium borohydride.

For the reduction Reaction to occur the C-O bond must break so as to enable the formation of O-H bond and C-H bond.

So, "the reaction mixture is treated with water and H2SO4 to produce the desired alcohol", thus, the oxygen will definitely pick up the hydrogen from H2SO4 or H2O.

30. What is the Bronsted base of H2PO4- + OH- ⟶HPO42- + H2O?

Answers

Answer:

OH⁻ is the Bronsted-Lowry base.

Explanation:

A Bronsted-Lowry base is a substance that accepts protons. In the chemical equation, OH⁻ accepts a proton from H₂PO₄⁻ to become H₂O. H₂PO₄⁻ would be a Bronsted-Lowry acid because it donates a proton to OH⁻ and becomes HPO₄²⁻.

Hope that helps.

· A 0.100g sample of Mg when combined with O2 yields 0.166g of Mgo, a
second Mg sample with a mass of 0.144g is also combined with O2. What
mass of MgO is produced from the second sample?​

Answers

Answer:

[tex]m_{MgO}=0.239gMgO[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, the chemical reaction between magnesium and oxygen to yield magnesium oxide is:

[tex]2Mg+O_2\rightarrow 2MgO[/tex]

In such a way, for 0.144 g of magnesium reacting with sufficient oxygen, the mass of magnesium oxide, whose molar mass is 40.3 g/mol (2:2 mole ratio) turns out:

[tex]m_{MgO}=0.144gMg*\frac{1molMg}{24.3gMg} *\frac{2molMgO}{2molMg}* \frac{40.3gMgO}{1molMgO} \\\\m_{MgO}=0.239gMgO[/tex]

Best regards.

The equilibrium constant is given for two of the reactions below. Determine the value of the missing equilibrium constant. A(g) + 2B(g) ↔ AB2(g) Kc = 59 AB2(g) + B(g) ↔ AB3(g) Kc = ? A(g) + 3B(g) ↔ AB3(g) Kc = 478

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is 8.10

Explanation:

Given:

A(g) + 2B(g) ↔ AB₂(g)   Kc = 59 ---- Eq. 1

A(g) + 3B(g) ↔ AB₃(g)   Kc = 478 ----- Eq. 2

We have to rearrange the chemical equations in order to obtain:

AB₂(g) + B(g) ↔ AB₃(g) Kc = ?

AB₂(g) is a reactant, so we have to use the reverse reaction of Eq. 1, in this case Kc= 1/59. Since AB₃(g) is a product, we use the forward reaction of Eq.2, and the constant is the same: Kc= 478.  The following is the sum of rearranged chemical equations, and the compounds in bold and italic are canceled:

 AB₂(g)       ↔   A(g) + 2B(g)          Kc₁= 1/59

A(g) + 3B(g) ↔   AB₃(g)                  Kc₂= 478

-----------------------------------------

AB₂(g) + B(g) ↔ AB₃(g)

If we add reactions at equilibrium, the equilibrium constants Kc are mutiplied as follows:

Kc = Kc₁ x Kc₂ = 1/59 x 478 = 478/59 = 8.10

The value of the missing equilibrium constant is 8.10.

The value of the missing equilibrium constant is 8.10

Chemical Equations:

Since

A(g) + 2B(g) ↔ AB₂(g)   Kc = 59 ---- Eq. 1

A(g) + 3B(g) ↔ AB₃(g)   Kc = 478 ----- Eq. 2

Now we have to rearrange the chemical equations in order to obtain:

AB₂(g) + B(g) ↔ AB₃(g) Kc = ?

Here AB₂(g) represents a reactant, so we have to applied the reverse reaction of Eq. 1, in this case Kc= 1/59. Since AB₃(g) is a product, we use the forward reaction of Eq.2, and the constant should be the same: Kc= 478.  

The following is the sum of rearranged chemical equations, and the compounds in bold and italic should be canceled:

AB₂(g)       ↔   A(g) + 2B(g)          Kc₁= 1/59

A(g) + 3B(g) ↔   AB₃(g)                  Kc₂= 478

-----------------------------------------

AB₂(g) + B(g) ↔ AB₃(g)

In the case when we add reactions at equilibrium, the equilibrium constants Kc are multiplied as follows:

Kc = Kc₁ x Kc₂ = 1/59 x 478 = 478/59 = 8.10

Learn more about reaction here: https://brainly.com/question/1200811

To determine the concentration of chloride ion (Cl-) in a 100 mL sample of ground water, a chemist adds a large enough volume of AgNO3 solution to precipitate all Cl- as AgCl. The mass of the resulting precipitate is 93.9 mg. What is the chloride ion concentration in milligrams of chloride per liter of ground water

Answers

Answer:

[tex][Cl^-]=232.3\frac{mgCl^-}{L}[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, we can represent the chemical reaction as:

[tex]Cl^-(aq)+AgNO_3(aq)\rightarrow AgCl(s)+NO_3^-(aq)[/tex]

In such a way, since the mass of the obtained silver chloride is 93.9 mg, we can compute the chloride ions in the ground water by using the following stoichiometric procedure whereas the molar mass of chloride ions and silver chloride are 35.45 g/mol and 143.32 g/mol respectively:

[tex]m_{Cl^-}=93.3mgAgCl*\frac{1mmolAgCl}{143.32mgAgCl}*\frac{1mmolCl^-}{1mmolAgCl} *\frac{35.45mgCl^-}{1mmolCl^-} =23.23mgCl^-[/tex]

Finally, for the given volume of water in liters (0.100L), we compute the required concentration:

[tex][Cl^-]=\frac{23.2mgCl^-}{0.100L}\\[/tex]

[tex][Cl^-]=232.3\frac{mgCl^-}{L}[/tex]

Best regards.

The concentration of chloride ions in the groundwater sample is 230 mg/L.

Calculation of chloride ion concentration:

Based on the given information,

The mass of the resulting precipitate, that is, AgCl is 93.9 mg or 0.0939 g. The molar mass of AgCl is 143.2 g/mol.

Now the number of moles of AgCl precipitate can be calculated as,

n = Given mass/Molar mass

Now putting the values we get,

[tex]n = \frac{0.939 g}{143.32 g/mol} \\n = 6.5 * 10^{-4}[/tex]

Thus, 6.5 ×  10⁻⁴ moles of AgCl comprises 6.5 × 10⁻⁴ chloride ions. Therefore, 6.5 × 10⁻⁴ of chloride ions are present in the sample of 100 ml.

Now the molar mass of chloride ion is 35.453 g/mol, the mass of chloride ion will be,

Mass = Mole × Molar mass

Mass = 6.5 × 10⁻⁴ moles  × 35.453 g/mol

Mass = 0.0230 g or 23 mg

The volume of the groundwater sample is 100 ml or 0.1000 L.

Now the concentration of the chloride ions in the sample given is,

C = 23 mg/0.1000 L

C = 230 mg/L

Thus, the concentration of chloride ions in the groundwater sample is 230 grams per liter.

Find out more information about the calculations of concentrations here:

https://brainly.com/question/6547081

Which of the following best describes the interaction of the alkali metals with water? Select the correct answer below: A. They all dissolve easily in water. B. They do not react or dissolve in water. C. They react strongly with water to produce an alkaline solution and hydrogen. D. They react strongly with water to produce an alkaline solution and oxygen.

Answers

Answer:

C. They react strongly with water to produce an alkaline solution and hydrogen

Explanation:

All alkali metals react vigorously with cold water. In the reaction, hydrogen gas is given off and the metal hydroxide is produced.

Hope that helps.

A compound decomposes with a half-life of 8.0 s and the half-life is independent of the concentration. How long does it take for the concentration to decrease to one-ninth of its initial value

Answers

Answer:

The concentration takes 25.360 seconds to decrease to one-ninth of its initial value.

Explanation:

The decomposition of the compound has an exponential behavior and process can be represented by this linear first-order differential equation:

[tex]\frac{dc}{dt} = -\frac{1}{\tau}\cdot c(t)[/tex]

Where:

[tex]\tau[/tex] - Time constant, measured in seconds.

[tex]c(t)[/tex] - Concentration of the compound as a function of time.

The solution of the differential equation is:

[tex]c(t) = c_{o} \cdot e^{-\frac{t}{\tau} }[/tex]

Where [tex]c_{o}[/tex] is the initial concentration of the compound.

The time is now cleared in the result obtained previously:

[tex]\ln \frac{c(t)}{c_{o}} = -\frac{t}{\tau}[/tex]

[tex]t = -\tau \cdot \ln \frac{c(t)}{c_{o}}[/tex]

Time constant as a function of half-life is:

[tex]\tau = \frac{t_{1/2}}{\ln 2}[/tex]

Where [tex]t_{1/2}[/tex] is the half-life of the composite decomposition, measured in seconds.

If [tex]t_{1/2} = 8\,s[/tex], then:

[tex]\tau = \frac{8\,s}{\ln 2}[/tex]

[tex]\tau \approx 11.542\,s[/tex]

And lastly, given that [tex]\frac{c(t)}{c_{o}} = \frac{1}{9}[/tex] and [tex]\tau \approx 11.542\,s[/tex], the time taken for the concentration to decrease to one-ninth of its initial value is:

[tex]t = -(11.542\,s)\cdot \ln\frac{1}{9}[/tex]

[tex]t \approx 25.360\,s[/tex]

The concentration takes 25.360 seconds to decrease to one-ninth of its initial value.

PLEASE HELP ME Calculate the change in boiling point when 0.402 moles of sodium chloride are added to 0.200 kilograms of water. Kf = -1.86°C/m; Kb = 0.512°C/m -2.1°C 2.1°C -7.5°C 7.5°C

Answers

Answer:

The change in the boiling point would be 2.1°C.

Explanation:

1 ) Let us first determine the molarity of this solution :

M = mol / kg,

M = 0.402 mol / 0.200 kg = 2.01 M NaCl

2 ) ΔT = i [tex]*[/tex] K [tex]*[/tex] m

ΔT = 2 [tex]*[/tex] 0.512C/m [tex]*[/tex] 2.01m

ΔT = 2.06C

As you can see, this is none of the answer choices. However the van't Hoff factor i in this case was taken to be 2, but this value is actually less than the predicted ideal solution. This is due to the ion pairing, causing i to be around 1.7 to 1.8. Therefore our solution is option b, 2.1°C.

The titration of 78.5 mL of an unknown concentration H3PO4 solution requires 134 mL of 0.224 M KOH solution. What is the concentration of the H3PO4 solution

Answers

Answer:

0.127 M.

Explanation:

The balanced equation for the reaction is given below:

H3PO4 + 3KOH —› K3PO4 + 3H2O

From the balanced equation above, we obtained the following data:

Mole ratio of acid, H3PO4 (nA) = 1

Mole ratio of base, KOH (nB) = 3

Data obtained from the question include:

Volume of acid, H3PO4 (Va) = 78.5 mL

Molarity of acid, H3PO4 (Ma) =...?

Volume of base, KOH (Vb) = 134 mL

Molarity of base, KOH (Mb) = 0.224 M

The concentration of the acid, H3PO4 can be obtained as follow:

MaVa / MbVb = nA/nB

Ma x 78.5 / 0.224 x 134 = 1/3

Cross multiply

Ma x 78.5 x 3 = 0.224 x 134 x 1

Divide both side by 78.5 x 3

Ma = (0.224 x 134 x 1) /(78.5 x 3)

Ma = 0.127 M

Therefore, the concentration of the acid, H3PO4 is 0.127 M.

The equilibrium between carbon dioxide gas and carbonic acid is very important in biology and environmental science. CO2 ( aq) + H2O ( l) H2CO3 ( aq) Which one of the following is the correct equilibrium constant expression (K c) for this reaction?
a) K =[H2CO3]/ [CO2]
b) K=[CO2]/ [H2CO3]
c) K=[H2CO3]/ [CO2][H2O]
d) K=[CO2][H2O]/ [H2CO3]
e) K=1/[H2CO3]

Answers

Answer:

Kc = [H₂CO₃] / [CO₂]

Explanation:

Equilibrium constant expression (Kc) of any reaction is defined as the ratio between molar concentrations in equilibrium of products over reactants.

Pure solids and liquids don't affect the equilibrium and you don't have to take its concentrations in the equilibrium.

Also, each specie must be powered to its reactant coefficient.

For example, for the reaction:

aA(s) + bB(aq) ⇄ cC(l) + nD(g) + xE(aq)

The equilibrium constant, kc is:

Kc = [D]ⁿ / [B]ᵇ[E]ˣ

You don't take A nor C species because are pure solids and liquids. b, n and x are the reactant coefficients of each substance. Ratio of products over reactants

Thus, for the reaction:

CO₂(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ H₂CO₃(aq)

The Kc is:

Kc = [H₂CO₃] / [CO₂]

Suppose of nickel(II) iodide is dissolved in of a aqueous solution of potassium carbonate. Calculate the final molarity of nickel(II) cation in the solution. You can assume the volume of the solution doesn't change when the nickel(II) iodide is dissolved in it. Round your answer to significant digits.

Answers

Answer:

0.619 M to 3 significant figures.

Explanation:

1 mole of [tex]NiI_{2}[/tex] - 312.5 g

? mole of [tex]NiI_{2}[/tex] - 2.9 g

= 2.9/312.5

= 0.0928 moles.

Concentration = no. of moles/vol in litres = [tex]\frac{0.0928}{0.150L}[/tex]

= 0.619 M

Calculate the heat absorbed by a sample of water that has a mass of 45.00 g when the temperature increases from 21.0oC to 38.5 oC. (s=4.184 J/g.o C)

Answers

Answer:

The heat absorbed by the sample of water is 3,294.9 J

Explanation:

Calorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.

The sensible heat of a body is the amount of heat received or transferred by a body when it undergoes a temperature variation (Δt) without there being a change of physical state (solid, liquid or gaseous). Its mathematical expression is:

Q = c * m * ΔT

Where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, made up of a specific heat substance c and where ΔT is the temperature variation.

In this case:

Q=?m= 45 gc= 4.184 [tex]\frac{J}{g*C}[/tex]ΔT= Tfinal - Tinitial= 38.5 C - 21 C= 17.5 C

Replacing:

Q= 4.184 [tex]\frac{J}{g*C}[/tex] * 45 g* 17.5 C

Solving:

Q=3,294.9 J

The heat absorbed by the sample of water is 3,294.9 J

Other Questions
which of the following individual freedoms is protected under the bill of rights Recording: "Thank you for leaving a message for us at ABC Company. Your call ________ as soon as possible." Question 91 options: a) will return b) will be return c) will returning d) will be returned I'm marking answers as brainliest. The solution to the following system is ________. -9x + 6y = -30, -7x + 12y = -16 * I I (0,2) (4,1) (-4,7) (2,1) Think about Cyrus and Darius as leaders. Now, imagine that you are the leader of a vast empire in ancient times. Would you look to Cyrus and Darius as role models for your reign? Why or why not? Write one or two paragraphs to explain your answer. Which is the recommended method for reading your math textbook most effectively? a. read, question, summarize, practice b. highlight, skim, ask, and review c. preview, read, summarize, and review Describe the orientation of magnetic field lines by drawing a bar magnet, labeling the poles, and drawing several lines indicating the direction of the forces. A positive integer is 2 less than another. If the sum of the reciprocal of the smaller and twicethe reciprocal of the larger is 11/15,then find the two integers. WHAT ARE THE CONTENTS THAT WE SHOULD USE FOR THE PRESENTATION OF DIGITAL WORLD Alonso went to the market with $55 to buy eggs and sugar. He knows he needs a package of 12 eggs that costs $2.75. After getting the eggs, he wants to buy as much sugar as he can with his remaining money. The sugar he likes comes in boxes that each cost $11.50 Write an inequality. Also, after getting the eggs, how many boxes of sugar can Alonso afford? Thanks. Can a broker arbitrarily penalize an independent contractor based on varying factors, such as the sales agent's difficulty in closing a deal or failure to produce paperwork in a timely fashion? What interval includes all possible values of x, where 3(6 2x) 4x + 12? (, 3] [3, ) (, 15] [15, ) SORRY THIS IS THE FULL QUESTION Can any body help me What is the name of the molecule below? A) 2-penteneB) pentaneC) 2-pentyneD) 2-pentane which of the following organs is used by the fish for movement. a. eye b. fin . c.gill . d. tail A polynomial has a leading coefficient of 1 and thefollowing factors with multiplicity1:x-(2 + i)X - V2What is the factored form of the polynomial? "Effects of Christianity on English Civilization"- write your opinion about this statement. Adjusting entries affect at least one balance sheet account and at least one income statement account. For the entrie below, identify the account to be debited and the account to be credited. Indicate which of the accounts is the incom statement account and which is the balance sheet account. Assume the company records prepayments of expenses asset accounts, and cash receipts of unearned revenues in liability accounts. a. Entry to record consulting services performed but not yet billed (nor recorded). b. Entry to record Interest revenue earned but not yet collected (nor recorded). c. Entry to record service revenues performed but not yet billed (nor recorded). d. To record janitorial expense incurred but not yet paid. e. To record rent expense incurred but not yet paid Accounts Account Title Financial Statement a. Account to be debited Accounts receivable Balance sheet Account to be credited Consulting services revenue Income statement b. Account to be debited Interest receivable Balance sheet Account to be credited interest revenue earned Income statement c. Account to be debited Accounts receivable Balance sheet Account to be credited Services revenue earned Income statementd. Account to be debited Janitorial expense Balance sheet Account to be credited Accrued expenses payable Income statement e. Account to be debited Rent expense Balance sheet Account to be credited Accrued expenses payable Income statement The protests of Homer Plessy, Linda Brown and Rosa Parks can best be described as: a. civil disobedience. b. illegal and violent demonstrations. c. legal non-violent demonstrations. d. none of the above. The temperature at noon is -4 degrees Celsius. The temperature at 6:00 is -12 degrees Celsius. What is the difference between the noon and the 6:00 pm temperatures? Which of the following cases best demonstrates the U.S Supreme Courts position on the "separation of church and state"? Select one: a. A teacher is very upset when a Jewish child begins to say a Hebrew prayer in the cafeteria before he eats. The student explains that observant Jews are instructed to say such prayers before eating, and he offers to say the prayer quietly. The teacher points out that in a public school such religious demonstrations are not acceptable and instructs him to save his prayers for home. b. A teacher decides to offer a course on the Bible as literature. She makes an extra effort not to promote or discount the religious beliefs in the book. Several students object and say that they do not want this course taught. She teaches the course anyway. c. The principal announces that specific Christian, Jewish, or Muslim prayers will not be given over the school public address system each morning, since such prayers violate the Supreme Court decision on prohibiting specific religious prayer in school. Instead, a sectarian or nondenominational prayer will be said each morning so that all students feel included. d. A teacher decides to offer a course on Christianity. She points out that most students in the school are Christian, but do not get an "adequate" Christian education at home. Her desire is to supplement that instruction and promote moral citizens. The community and the parents are all very supportive.