Automatic stabilizers tend to stabilize the level of economic activity because they work automatically to counteract fluctuations in the economy without the need for government intervention. These stabilizers include unemployment benefits, progressive taxation, and welfare programs.
When the economy experiences a downturn, automatic stabilizers help to alleviate the negative impact by injecting more money into the economy. For instance, during a recession, unemployment rates typically rise. As more people become eligible for unemployment benefits, the government disburses additional funds, providing temporary financial relief to those who have lost their jobs. This, in turn, helps to maintain consumer spending and prevents a further decline in economic activity.
Additionally, progressive taxation plays a role in stabilizing the economy. In times of economic expansion, higher income earners pay a larger proportion of their income in taxes, thus helping to prevent inflationary pressures. Conversely, during economic downturns, lower income earners pay a smaller proportion of their income in taxes, leaving them with more disposable income and boosting consumer spending.Lastly, welfare programs also act as automatic stabilizers. When the economy faces difficulties, more people may qualify for assistance, leading to increased government spending on these programs.
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which strategy is used by a human resource manager to fill an open position from within the company? group of answer choices utilize the services of a private employment agency seek the assistance of a public employment agencies send the job opening to monster advertise the opportunity for a promotion to current employees
The opportunity for a promotion to current employees is used by a human resource manager to fill an open position from within the company. So the option D is correct.
Promoting from within the company can be an effective way to fill open positions because it rewards employees’ dedication and hard work, and can also help with employee retention.
By offering promotions to current employees, a human resource manager can encourage employees to stay with the company, build loyalty and trust, and increase motivation.
Promotions can also benefit the company itself. By promoting from within, a manager can save time and money by not having to go through the process of recruiting and hiring outside candidates. So the option D is correct.
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The complete question is:
Which strategy is used by a human resource manager to fill an open position from within the company?
Group of answer choices
A. utilize the services of a private employment agency
B. seek the assistance of a public employment agencies
C. send the job opening to monster advertise
D. the opportunity for a promotion to current employees
Suppose you are in charge of a bank, which is considering making a short-term loan to a private equity fund so that it can buy a company. This loan would involve you giving the private equity fund L dollars today. The fund would then need to repay (1 + r) x L dollars next year. If they choose not to deliver this payment, then you get the value of the company. The company is currently worth $92. 5m. Next year, the company will be worth either $100m (up state) or $80m (down state). The prevailing riskless rate is 2%.
d) Suppose the private equity fund asks for a $82. 5m loan. What is the fair interest rate on this loan? (Answer in percent)
e) Suppose the private equity fund asks for a $82. 5m loan. What is the total payment that the private equity fund needs to make to you next year (interest + principle) in order to avoid default? (Answer in millions of dollars)
f) Suppose the private equity fund asks for a $82. 5m loan. How much money does the private equity fund save by defaulting on this loan in the down state next year? (Answer in millions of dollars)
g) Suppose the private equity fund asks for a $82. 5m loan. What is the present value of the default option associated with this loan? (Answer in millions of dollars)
The fair interest rate on the $82.5m loan is 9.81%, the total payment needed to avoid default is $90.6m, the savings from defaulting in the down state is $10.6m, and the present value of the default option is $5.7m.
d) To determine the fair interest rate on the $82.5m loan, we need to calculate the expected value of the loan repayment next year. The expected value is calculated as the probability-weighted average of the repayment amounts in the upstate and the downstate. The expected repayment is (0.5 x $100m x 1.02) + (0.5 x $80m x 1.02) = $90.6m. Therefore, the fair interest rate is ((1 + r) x L - L) / L = ($90.6m - $82.5m) / $82.5m = 9.81%.
e) The total payment that the private equity fund needs to make to you next year in order to avoid default is (1 + r) x L = (1 + 0.0981) x $82.5m = $90.6m.
f) If the private equity fund defaults on the loan in the down state, then the bank gets the value of the company, which is $80m. Therefore, the amount that the private equity fund saves by defaulting is $90.6m - $80m = $10.6m.
g) The default option associated with the loan represents the value of the company if the private equity fund defaults on the loan. To calculate the present value of the default option, we need to discount the expected value of the company next year by the riskless rate. The expected value of the company next year is (0.5 x $100m) + (0.5 x $80m) = $90m. The present value of the default option is $90m / (1 + 0.02) = $88.2m. Therefore, the present value of the default option associated with the loan is $88.2m - $82.5m = $5.7m.
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The Great Eastern hotel, a privately owned, independent, five-star deluxe hotel located in Hong Kong’s commercial district, isfaced with a turbulent external environment owing to the current financial crisis. Since its inception six years ago, the hotelhas grown in prominence during the bustling economy from 2003 to 2007, and it has been one of the top performers in theupscale and luxury market segments over the four years preceding the economic crises. The hotel’s main target marketsegment is the business traveler (75 percent of room bookings) who has no problem with paying USD 350 per night for aroom. During the past six months, however, the hotel has been a victim of the severe economic upheaval, which has led to asignificant reduction in room bookings from the business travel segment. This has reduced profits significantly to the extentthat the hotel is no longer able to cover fixed costs. The owner, Jerry Kong, has called an executive committee meeting todiscuss the future direction the company should take in the immediate term and in the long term to sustain its competitiveadvantage. 1. What issues should Jerry and the executive committee address? Why? (Hint: Make assumptions where necessary,including mission and vision statements, as well as goals, strategies, and objectives. )2. Given the preceding information, what are Jerry’s options? How should they be evaluated? Make assumptions wherenecessary. 3. What should the hotel do in the short term and in the long term? Make assumptions where necessary to arrive at yourdecisions. 4. Why is it difficult to answer the preceding questions? Do we have clear answers for issues and challenges in real life?5. Do managers and executives in hospitality and tourism organizations always have sufficient and reliable information tomake decisions
Jerry and the executive committee should take care of the related matters are as follows:
finding the explanation for the sudden drop in bookings reported by the business explorer.
taking action to address the areas where they fall short.
Consider methods like presenting booking suggestions to the business traveller.
To be successful, they must focus on the preferences of their clients and conduct themselves correctly.
2. Based on the information provided, Jerry's options are as follows: They can also target tourists that seek extravagance for their own gain.
They must offer their customers a variety of options to choose from when it comes to the price of the rooms.
To bring about a difference for their guests, they can make some redesigns or adjustments.
3. Up next are some options for the hotel in the short and long term. In the short term, they can attract customers by offering them incentives to bring in new customers while keeping the existing ones.
Over time, they can provide their staff with strong training so that the visitors won't be perplexed. They can also go up with some adjustment of their interior by performing redesign or alteration.
4. The inn industry is currently facing a financial and financial emergency, and it isn't difficult to overcome this financial emergency in these challenging times while also finding ways to attract more visitors to make out a benefit, so it is difficult to respond to the above issue.
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coy, inc. initially issued 360,000 shares of $1 par stock for $1,800,000 in 2019. in 2020, the company repurchased 36,000 shares for $360,000. in 2021, 18,000 of the repurchased shares were resold for $288,000. in its balance sheet dated december 31, 2021, coy, inc.'s treasury stock account shows a balance of:
Coy, Inc.'s treasury stock account balance as of December 31, 2021 is $1,728,000.
Treasury stock refers to the shares of a company's stock that it has bought back from its shareholders. The treasury stock account is a contra-equity account and is shown as a deduction from the total amount of shareholders' equity.
In this case, Coy, Inc. initially issued 360,000 shares of $1 par stock for $1,800,000 in 2019. This means that the original issue price was $5 per share ($1,800,000/360,000 shares). In 2020, the company repurchased 36,000 shares for $360,000.
This means that the cost per share was $10 ($360,000/36,000 shares). In 2021, 18,000 of the repurchased shares were resold for $288,000, which implies a sale price of $16 per share ($288,000/18,000 shares).
To calculate the balance of the treasury stock account, we need to subtract the cost of the repurchased shares from the initial proceeds received from issuing the stock, and then add back the proceeds from the resale of the shares.
Therefore, the balance of the treasury stock account as of December 31, 2021 would be:
$1,800,000 - ($360,000) + ($288,000) = $1,728,000
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Calculating the Variable Overhead Spending and Efficiency Variances Standish Company manufactures consumer products and provided the following information for the month of February:
Units produced 131,000
Standard direct labor hours per unit 0. 20
Standard variable overhead rate (per direct labor hour) $3. 40
Actual variable overhead costs $88,670
Actual hours worked 26,350
Required:
1. Calculate the total variable overhead variance.
2. What if actual production had been 129,500 units?
Calculate the variable overhead spending and efficiency variances for Standish Company.
1. To calculate the total variable overhead variance, we first need to determine the standard variable overhead cost and the variable overhead efficiency variance.
Standard direct labor hours for February:
131,000 units * 0.20 hours/unit = 26,200 hours
Standard variable overhead cost:
26,200 hours * $3.40/hour = $89,080
Variable overhead efficiency variance:
(26,200 hours - 26,350 hours) * $3.40/hour = -$510
Next, we calculate the variable overhead spending variance:
Actual variable overhead costs - Standard variable overhead cost at actual hours
$88,670 - $89,080 = -$410
Total variable overhead variance:
Variable overhead efficiency variance + Variable overhead spending variance
-$510 + (-$410) = -$920
2. If actual production had been 129,500 units:
Standard direct labor hours for the new production level:
129,500 units * 0.20 hours/unit = 25,900 hours
Standard variable overhead cost for the new production level:
25,900 hours * $3.40/hour = $88,060
Variable overhead efficiency variance for the new production level:
(25,900 hours - 26,350 hours) * $3.40/hour = -$1,530
Total variable overhead variance for the new production level:
Variable overhead efficiency variance + Variable overhead spending variance
-$1,530 + (-$410) = -$1,940
In summary, for the original production level of 131,000 units, the total variable overhead variance is -$920. If actual production had been 129,500 units, the total variable overhead variance would be -$1,940.
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Ryan is considering purchasing a used five year old hatchback with 75, 000 miles on it for $13,000. his main use would be commuting 20 miles to work each day. which should he be most concerned about?
When considering purchasing a used car for commuting, one should be most concerned about the reliability of the vehicle, and should check its maintenance history and get it inspected by a mechanic.
When considering purchasing a used car, there are several factors that one should consider. In this scenario, Ryan is considering purchasing a five-year-old hatchback with 75,000 miles on it for $13,000, and his main use would be commuting 20 miles to work each day. There are a few things that he should be most concerned about, including:
1. Reliability: As the car is five years old with 75,000 miles on it, it's important to consider the reliability of the vehicle. Ryan should check the car's maintenance history and get it inspected by a mechanic before making a purchase to ensure that there are no major mechanical issues that could cause problems down the road.
2. Fuel efficiency: As Ryan will be using the car for commuting to work, he should consider the fuel efficiency of the vehicle. He should look up the car's estimated miles per gallon (MPG) and calculate how much he will spend on gas each month to determine if it fits within his budget.
3. Safety: Ryan should also consider the safety features of the car, such as airbags, anti-lock brakes, and electronic stability control. He should also check the car's safety rating from reputable sources such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) or the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS).
4. Resale value: Ryan should also consider the resale value of the car, as he may want to sell it in the future. He should research the depreciation rate of the car model and make sure he is getting a fair price for it.
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"Normative Ethics" examines human decision making. * False True
The statement "Normative Ethics" examines human decision making is True because it correctly defines the concept of Normative Ethics.
Normative ethics is one of the four branches of ethics that deals with the principles of right and wrong in the present-day society. It studies human action and decision-making processes and prescribes ethical standards that ought to govern human behavior. Therefore, it is safe to say that the statement "Normative Ethics" examines human decision making is true. Normative ethics considers moral theories, concepts, and moral principles to establish moral norms that will regulate people's conduct.
Some moral theories considered in normative ethics include utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, and consequentialism. Utilitarianism promotes the idea of maximizing the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Deontology prioritizes duty over consequences. Virtue ethics seeks to cultivate moral character in individuals, while consequentialism argues that the end justifies the means.
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Kimberly company produces a product that has a variable cost of $3 per unit; it sells for $7 per unit. the company’s annual fixed costs total $250,000; it had net income of $80,000 during the previous year. in an effort to increase the company’s market share, management is considering lowering the selling price to $5.50 per unit. if kimberly desires to maintain its current income level, the number of additional units must it sell to justify the price decline are:
Kimberly company needs to sell an additional 32,000 units to maintain its current net income level if it lowers its selling price to $5.50 per unit.
To maintain the same net income level, Kimberly company must generate the same total contribution margin (revenue minus variable costs) as it did in the previous year.
Let's first calculate the contribution margin per unit:
Contribution Margin = Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit
Contribution Margin = $7 - $3
Contribution Margin = $4 per unit
Now, if the selling price is lowered to $5.50 per unit, the contribution margin per unit would be:
Contribution Margin = Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit
Contribution Margin = $5.50 - $3
Contribution Margin = $2.50 per unit
To maintain the same net income level, the company needs to generate an additional contribution margin of:
Additional Contribution Margin = Target net income - Current net income
Additional Contribution Margin = $80,000 - $0
Additional Contribution Margin = $80,000
To find out how many additional units the company needs to sell to generate an additional contribution margin of $80,000, we can use the following formula:
Additional units sold = Additional Contribution Margin ÷ Contribution Margin per unit
Additional units sold = $80,000 ÷ $2.50 per unit
Additional units sold = 32,000 units
Therefore, Kimberly company needs to sell an additional 32,000 units to maintain its current net income level if it lowers its selling price to $5.50 per unit.
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Quartz Corporation is a relatively new firm. Quartz has experienced enough losses during its early years to provide it with at least eight years of tax loss carry-forwards. Thus, Quartz's effective tax rate is zero. Quartz plans to lease equipment from New Leasing Company. The term of the lease is five years. The purchase cost of the equipment is $650,000. Assume straight-line depreciation. New Leasing Company is in the 35 percent tax bracket. There are no transaction costs to the lease. Each firm can borrow at 7 percent.
- What is Quartz's maximum lease price?
- What is New Leasing Company's minimum lease price?
- Explain why these reservation prices determine the negotiation range of the lease
If the parties can negotiate a lease price within this range, both parties will be better off than if they did not reach a deal.
The cost of leasing the equipment for New Leasing Company is the opportunity cost of the funds tied up in the equipment, which is the foregone interest income. Therefore, the minimum lease price that New Leasing Company can accept is the present value of the foregone interest income.
we need to make some assumptions. Let's assume that the equipment has no residual value at the end of the lease term, and that the lease payments are made at the end of each year.
Using straight-line depreciation, the annual depreciation expense for the equipment is ($650,000/5) = $130,000 per year. Since Quartz has no tax liability, it does not benefit from any tax deductions related to depreciation.
Maximum lease price that Quartz can pay, we need to calculate the present value of the lease payments. Using a financial calculator, the present value of an annuity of $130,000 per year for five years at a 7 percent interest rate is $546,242. Therefore, Quartz's maximum lease price is $546,242.
Minimum lease price that New Leasing Company can accept, we need to calculate the present value of the foregone interest income. The cost of capital for New Leasing Company is 7 percent. Therefore, the present value of the foregone interest income on the $650,000 equipment purchase price is $650,000 x (1- 1/(1+0.07)^5) / 0.07 = $388,546.
Thus, New Leasing Company's minimum lease price is $388,546.
The negotiation range of the lease is the range between the maximum lease price that Quartz Corporation is willing to pay and the minimum lease price that New Leasing Company is willing to accept. In this case, the negotiation range is between $546,242 (Quartz's maximum lease price) and $388,546 (New Leasing Company's minimum lease price). If the parties can negotiate a lease price within this range, both parties will be better off than if they did not reach a deal.
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For both articles, what can you tell me about the values of Harvard and Entrepreneur?
The article referenced is "If you want to be an entrepreneur, don't go to Harvard.
What are the values of the Harvard Graduate viz a- viz that of the Entrepreneur?Regardless of the size of the organization, "Core Values" should be prioritized. Values direct the path of business, influencing strategy and decision making. Essentially, basic principles serve as the foundation around which we develop our firm. Core Values provides several advantages to the firm.
Students at Harvard have access to classes, research institutions, and faculty mentors from around the university. It's the ideal location to explore your favorite and yet-to-be-discovered academic interests, with world-renowned teachers, cutting-edge resources, and personalized training.
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The accounting system of rose and tea fine kitchenware includes the following journals. indicate which journal is used to record each
transaction
journals
transactions
1. purchased merchandise for $4,000; the terms are 2/10, 1/30.
2. returned damaged merchandise to a supplier and received a credit memorandum for $900,
3. issued a check for $4,600 to a supplier as a payment on account
4. purchased merchandise for $2,000 plus a freight charge of $200; the supplier's invoice is payable in 30 days.
5. received an allowance for merchandise that was damaged but can be sold at a reduced price; the supplier's credit memorandum is for
$425.
6. purchased merchandise for $3,725 in cash.
please help
Here's a summary of the transactions and the journals used to record each:
1. Purchased merchandise for $4,000; the terms are 2/10, 1/30.
Journal: Purchases Journal
2. Returned damaged merchandise to a supplier and received a credit memorandum for $900.
Journal: Purchases Returns and Allowances Journal
3. Issued a check for $4,600 to a supplier as a payment on account.
Journal: Cash Payments Journal
4. Purchased merchandise for $2,000 plus a freight charge of $200; the supplier's invoice is payable in 30 days.
Journal: Purchases Journal (for merchandise) and General Journal (for freight charges)
5. Received an allowance for merchandise that was damaged but can be sold at a reduced price; the supplier's credit memorandum is for $425.
Journal: Purchases Returns and Allowances Journal
6. Purchased merchandise for $3,725 in cash.
Journal: Cash Payments Journal
These journals are used in an accounting system to record and organize different types of transactions. The Purchases Journal is for recording purchases on credit, while the Purchases Returns and Allowances Journal is for transactions related to returned or damaged items. The Cash Payments Journal records transactions involving cash payments, and the General Journal is used for other transactions that don't fit into the other specialized journals.
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large-scale unethical activities that follow recognizable phases of escalation, from ethical issue recognition and the decision to act unethically to the organization's discovery of and response to the act, are known as . a. ethical business conflicts b. crises of conscience c. ethical disasters d. leader-follower congruence e. normative myopia
Large-scale unethical activities that follow recognizable phases of escalation, from ethical issue recognition are known as ethical disasters. The correct answer is c.
Ethical disasters are large-scale unethical activities that follow recognizable phases of escalation, from ethical issue recognition and the decision to act unethically to the organization's discovery of and response to the act.
These phases can include rationalization, planning, execution, and cover-up. Ethical disasters can cause significant harm to an organization, including reputational damage, legal consequences, and financial losses.
Examples of ethical disasters include the Enron scandal and the Volkswagen emissions scandal. In both cases, the organizations engaged in unethical behavior that was discovered and had significant consequences for the companies and their stakeholders.
Effective ethical leadership and a strong ethical culture can help prevent ethical disasters by promoting ethical decision-making and behavior throughout an organization. Organizations should have strong ethical codes of conduct, regular ethics training, and a system for reporting and addressing ethical concerns.
The correct answer is c.
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The demand for airline travel is quite sensitive to price. typically, there is an inverse relationship between demand and price; when price decreases, demand increases and vice versa. one major air-line has found that when the price (p) for a round trip between chicago and los angeles is $600, the demand (d) is 500 passengers per day. when the price is reduced to $400, demand is 1,200 passengers per day. a. plot these points on a coordinate system and develop a function that relates demand to price. b. develop a model that will determine the total revenue as a function of the price
a. A function that relates demand to price is d(p) = -3.5p + 2600. b. The total revenue function is -3.5p^2 + 2600p.
The relationship between demand and price for airline travel.
a. To plot these points on a coordinate system, we can use the price (p) as the x-axis and the demand (d) as the y-axis. The points are (600, 500) and (400, 1200). To develop a function that relates demand to price, we can use the formula for a linear function, which is y = mx + b.
1: Calculate the slope (m) using the points:
m = (1200 - 500) / (400 - 600) = 700 / (-200) = -3.5
2: Choose one point (e.g., (600, 500)) to find the y-intercept (b):
500 = -3.5 * 600 + b
b = 500 + 3.5 * 600 = 2600
So the function that relates demand (d) to price (p) is:
d(p) = -3.5p + 2600
b. To develop a model that will determine the total revenue (R) as a function of price (p), we need to multiply the demand function (d) by the price (p).
1: Multiply the demand function by the price:
R(p) = p * d(p) = p * (-3.5p + 2600)
2: Simplify the equation:
R(p) = -3.5p^2 + 2600p
So, the total revenue as a function of the price is R(p) = -3.5p^2 + 2600p.
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If interest rates increase, what generally happens to the value of bonds?.
When interest rates increase, the value of existing bonds generally decreases.
This is because when interest rates rise, newly issued bonds will have a higher yield or return than existing bonds with lower interest rates.
As a result, investors will be less willing to pay the same price for an existing bond with a lower yield when they could purchase a newly issued bond with a higher yield.
Conversely, when interest rates decrease, the value of existing bonds generally increases, because they become more attractive to investors seeking a higher yield than what is currently being offered by newly issued bonds.
It's important to note that the impact of interest rate changes on bond values can vary based on factors such as the bond's maturity, coupon rate, and credit quality.
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Assume that you are currently profitable, but you are hearing rumblings that your corporate parent is in some financial trouble. you came into this role 3 months ago and you are winning awards for customer satisfaction (one of the key measurements is how long customers have to wait for a car). you have done some market study and found that customers will continue to provide superior feedback on satisfaction as long as they donât have to wait any longer than 30 minutes for the car of their choice. likewise they will give poor feedback if they have to wait over an hour.
each hmv costs $10,000 per year to have in the fleet when factoring in depreciation, maintenance, and amortized purchase price. corporate leadership has stated clearly that they need at least $500,000 per year more profit to stay viable as a company, and they have asked you to help identify savings. more savings could lead to a promotion, but only if you are able to maintain customer satisfaction levels.
required:
a. lay out a plan that saves the company at least $500,000 but maintains customer satisfaction levels in the coming year.
b. what is the very best you can do and keep wait times under an hour? aside from change the number of vehicles what else would you do to impact performance?
a. To save the company at least $500,000 while maintaining customer satisfaction levels, a possible plan could be to analyze the usage patterns of the fleet and optimize it accordingly. This could involve:
Identifying the most and least popular cars in the fleet: By analyzing the usage data, we can determine which cars are most popular and which ones are not used as often. We can then reduce the number of unpopular cars in the fleet and replace them with more popular ones.
Reducing the number of cars in the fleet: By reducing the number of cars in the fleet, we can save on the costs of depreciation, maintenance, and purchase price. However, this needs to be done carefully so that we do not impact customer satisfaction levels.
Implementing a car-sharing system: Instead of assigning a specific car to each customer, we could implement a car-sharing system where customers can choose from a pool of cars. This would reduce the number of cars needed in the fleet and save on costs.
Optimizing the maintenance schedule: By optimizing the maintenance schedule, we can reduce the costs associated with maintenance and ensure that the cars are always in good condition.
b. To keep wait times under an hour while also maximizing savings, we could consider implementing dynamic pricing. By charging higher prices for cars that are in high demand and lower prices for cars that are in low demand, we can incentivize customers to choose less popular cars and reduce wait times. Additionally, we could implement a reservation system where customers can reserve a car in advance, which would reduce wait times and increase customer satisfaction levels. Another strategy could be to implement a loyalty program where customers who frequently use the service can get discounts or other rewards, which would incentivize them to continue using the service and reduce customer churn.
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1.a capital investment is expected to achieve long-term benefits for the organization thatgenerally fall into three categories: financial benefits, nonfinancial returns and the ability toattract more funds in the future.true or false?
The given statement "A capital investment fall into three categories: financial benefits, nonfinancial returns, ability to attract more funds in the future." is true because all three categories are important considerations.
A capital investment is an expenditure made by a company to acquire or upgrade its assets, with the expectation of generating long-term benefits in the form of financial returns, nonfinancial benefits or intangible assets.
The financial benefits of a capital investment may include increased revenues, reduced costs, higher profits, or improved cash flow. Nonfinancial returns may include improved customer satisfaction, enhanced brand image, or increased market share.
Intangible assets may include patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property rights that can enhance a company's competitiveness and value.
Moreover, a successful capital investment can also increase the organization's credibility and attractiveness to investors and creditors, which in turn can help to secure additional funds in the future.
Therefore, all three categories of benefits (financial, nonfinancial, and the ability to attract more funds) are important considerations for a company when evaluating a capital investment.
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More fun with cost-sharing. (youmay want to review exercise 15 before proceeding, although it is not necessary.) a consumer’s demand for a medical service is q=100−pp where pp is the out-of-pocket price she actually faces. she is considering four different insurance options: uninsurance, full insurance, a 50% coinsurance plan, and a copayment plan with a $25 copay.
required:
a. assume this service has a list price of pl =$70. calculate q under each insurance plan.
b. calculate the amount of social loss under each insurance plan.
The question asks about a consumer's demand for medical services, with four different insurance options: uninsurance, full insurance, a 50% coinsurance plan, and a copayment plan with a $25 copay. We are given the demand function q = 100 - pp, where pp is the out-of-pocket price, and the list price pl = $70. The task is to calculate q under each insurance plan and the social loss under each plan.
a. Calculating q under each insurance plan:
1. Uninsurance: The consumer pays the full list price, so pp = $70.
q = 100 - 70 = 30
2. Full insurance: The consumer pays nothing out-of-pocket, so pp = $0.
q = 100 - 0 = 100
3. 50% coinsurance: The consumer pays 50% of the list price, so pp = 0.5 * $70 = $35.
q = 100 - 35 = 65
4. Copayment plan with $25 copay: The consumer pays a fixed $25 copay, so pp = $25.
q = 100 - 25 = 75
b. Calculating the social loss under each insurance plan would require additional information about the costs of providing the medical service and any externalities or inefficiencies in the market.
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In target pricing, ______. Multiple choice question. Management charges different prices to maximize revenue for a set amount of capacity at any given time. Management marks up all products in a similar fashion since it is impossible to estimate demand for each. Manufacturers deliberately adjust the composition of a product to achieve the estimated price that consumers are willing to pay for it. Management offers a line of products at a number of different specific pricing points
Answer:
Manufacturers deliberately adjust the composition of a product to achieve the estimated price that consumers are willing to pay for it.
Explanation:
U3 Company is considering three long-term capital investment proposals. Each investment has a useful life of 5 years. Relevant data on each project are as follows. Project Bono Project Edge Project Clayton Capital investment $168,000 $183,750 $202,000 Annual net income:
Year 1 14,700 18,900 28,350 2 14,700 17,850 24,150 3 14,700 16,800 22,050 4 14,700 12,600 13,650 5 14,700 9,450 12,600 Total $73,500 $75,600 $100,800
Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method with no salvage value. The company’s cost of capital is 15%. (Assume that cash flows occur evenly throughout the year. )
1- Compute the cash payback period for each project: Bono, Edge, Clayto
2- Compute the net present value for each project.
3- Compute the annual rate of return for each project.
4- Rank the projects on each of the foregoing bases. Which project do you recommend?
Cash Payback Period:
The cash payback period is the time taken for the initial investment to be recovered through the cash inflows generated by the project. The cash inflows are calculated by subtracting the annual depreciation from the annual net income.
Project Bono:
Year 1: $14,700 - ($168,000/5) = $44,100
Year 2: $14,700 - ($168,000/5) = $44,100
Year 3: $14,700 - ($168,000/5) = $44,100
Year 4: $14,700 - ($168,000/5) = $44,100
Year 5: $14,700 - ($168,000/5) = $44,100
Total cash inflows: $44,100 x 5 = $220,500
Cash payback period = Initial investment / Annual cash inflow = $168,000 / $44,100 = 3.81 years
Project Edge:
Year 1: $18,900 - ($183,750/5) = $52,050
Year 2: $17,850 - ($183,750/5) = $48,150
Year 3: $16,800 - ($183,750/5) = $44,250
Year 4: $12,600 - ($183,750/5) = $28,050
Year 5: $9,450 - ($183,750/5) = $17,850
Total cash inflows: $52,050 + $48,150 + $44,250 + $28,050 + $17,850 = $190,350
Cash payback period = Initial investment / Annual cash inflow = $183,750 / $190,350 = 0.97 years
Project Clayton:
Year 1: $28,350 - ($202,000/5) = $67,700
Year 2: $24,150 - ($202,000/5) = $60,150
Year 3: $22,050 - ($202,000/5) = $52,600
Year 4: $13,650 - ($202,000/5) = $33,650
Year 5: $12,600 - ($202,000/5) = $31,600
Total cash inflows: $67,700 + $60,150 + $52,600 + $33,650 + $31,600 = $245,700
Cash payback period = Initial investment / Annual cash inflow = $202,000 / $245,700 = 0.82 years
Net Present Value:
The net present value (NPV) of a project is the present value of its expected cash inflows minus the present value of its initial investment. The present value of the cash flows is calculated using the company's cost of capital of 15%. A positive NPV indicates that the project is expected to generate a return higher than the company's cost of capital, while a negative NPV indicates that the project is expected to generate a return lower than the company's cost of capital.
Project Bono:
NPV = ($44,100 / 1.15) + ($44,100 / [tex]1.15^2[/tex]) + ($44,100 / [tex]1.15^3[/tex]) + ($44,100 / [tex]1.15^4[/tex]) + ($44,100 / [tex]1.15^5[/tex]) - $168,000 = $4,164.45
Project Edge:
NPV = ($52,050 / 1.15)
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Qi, julian, and omar are all in the 24% tax bracket. qi has received $3,000 in corporate bond interest, omar $2,500 in savings account interest, and julian $2,500 in dividends from a us corporation. rank the taxpayers by their tax liability from the amounts received, from least to greatest.
Based on the information provided, Qi, Julian, and Omar are all in the same tax bracket of 24%. However, their tax liability will vary depending on the type of income they received.
First, let's look at Qi who received $3,000 in corporate bond interest. This type of income is typically taxed as ordinary income. So, Qi will owe 24% of $3,000, which is $720. Therefore, Qi's tax liability is $720.
Next, let's consider Julian who received $2,500 in dividends from a US corporation. Qualified dividends are taxed at a lower rate than ordinary income, so Julian's tax liability will be less than Qi's. Assuming that Julian's dividends are qualified, he will owe 15% of $2,500, which is $375. Therefore, Julian's tax liability is $375.
Lastly, let's look at Omar who received $2,500 in savings account interest. Like corporate bond interest, this type of income is also typically taxed as ordinary income. So, Omar will owe 24% of $2,500, which is $600. Therefore, Omar's tax liability is $600.
To rank the taxpayers by their tax liability from the least to the greatest, the order would be Julian ($375), Qi ($720), and Omar ($600). Julian has the least tax liability because he received qualified dividends which are taxed at a lower rate than ordinary income. Qi has the highest tax liability because corporate bond interest is taxed as ordinary income. Omar's tax liability falls in between Julian and Qi's tax liability because he received savings account interest which is also taxed as ordinary income.
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The standard time required to complete a work is 15 hours. Normal piece rate is Ro 3 per hour. Ms. Amna completed work in 12 hours. Find the total earnings of Ms. Amna as per the Rowan plan.
a. 40.0
b. 35.0
c. 36.0
d. 43.2
As per the Rowan plan, the total earnings of Ms. Amna is Ro 36. Therefore, the correct option is C.
The Rowan plan is a method of wage payment where an employee is paid based on the amount of work completed in a given time frame. In this case, Ms. Amna completed the work in 12 hours, which is 3 hours less than the standard time required.
To calculate Ms. Amna's earnings as per the Rowan plan, we can use the formula:
Total earnings = (Time taken / Standard time) x Total pay
Here, the time taken by Ms. Amna is 12 hours, the standard time is 15 hours, and the total pay is the product of the normal piece rate and the standard time, which is:
Total pay = Ro 3 per hour x 15 hours = Ro 45
Now, substituting the values in the formula, we get:
Total earnings = (12 / 15) x Ro 45 = Ro 36
Therefore, the total earnings of Ms. Amna as per the Rowan plan is Ro 36, which is option C.
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Rank upper quartile, 20th percentile, median, decile 6, 0. 38 fractile, 70th percentiles, lower quartile from smallest to the highest
When it comes to ranking different values in a dataset, we typically use certain statistical measures to help us identify where they fall in relation to the other values. Here is a list of the terms you mentioned, ranked from smallest to highest:
- 0.38 fractile: This refers to the point in the data set at which 38% of the observations fall below that value. This is the lowest value on our list.
- 20th percentile: This refers to the point in the data set at which 20% of the observations fall below that value. This is the second-lowest value on our list.
- Lower quartile: This refers to the point in the data set that splits the bottom 25% of values from the top 75% of values. It is also known as the 25th percentile. This is the third-lowest value on our list.
- Median: This refers to the middle point in the data set, where half the observations fall below that value and half fall above it. This is the fourth value on our list.
- Decile 6: This refers to the point in the data set at which 60% of the observations fall below that value. This is the fifth value on our list.
- Upper quartile: This refers to the point in the data set that splits the top 25% of values from the bottom 75% of values. It is also known as the 75th percentile. This is the second-highest value on our list.
- 70th percentile: This refers to the point in the data set at which 70% of the observations fall below that value. This is the highest value on our list.
So, from smallest to highest, the ranking would be: 0.38 fractile, 20th percentile, lower quartile, median, decile 6, upper quartile, and 70th percentile.
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information systems enhance core competencies by: creating educational opportunities for management. encouraging the sharing of knowledge across business units. providing better reporting facilities. fostering synergies among departments. allowing operational employees to interact with management.
Information systems enhance core competencies by encouraging the sharing of knowledge across business units. Option 2 is correct.
One of the main advantages of information systems is their ability to facilitate the sharing of knowledge and information across different parts of an organization. This sharing of knowledge can help to break down silos and foster collaboration between business units, which can lead to the development of new core competencies.
By making it easier for employees to access and share information, information systems can help to create a culture of continuous learning and improvement within an organization. Additionally, information systems can help to identify areas where different business units can work together to achieve common goals, leading to the development of synergies and the creation of new competencies that are difficult for competitors to replicate.
Overall, information systems can play a critical role in enhancing an organization's core competencies and giving it a competitive edge in the marketplace. Hence Option 2 is correct.
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uniform supply accepted a $10,200, 90-day, 8% note from tracy janitorial on october 17. what entry should uniform supply make on january 15 of the next year when the note is paid? (assume reversing entries are not made.). (use 360 days a year.) multiple choice debit cash $10,404; credit interest revenue $204; credit notes receivable $10,200. debit cash $10,404; credit interest revenue $170; credit interest receivable $34; credit notes receivable $10,200. debit notes receivable $10,200; debit interest receivable $204; credit sales $10,404. debit cash $10,404; credit interest revenue $34; credit interest receivable $170; credit notes receivable $10,200. debit cash $10,404; credit notes receivable $10,404.
Uniform Supply shall make the following item in its accounting records: $10,404 in debit cash, $10,200 in credit notes due, and $204 in credit interest income.
The note's principal amount is credited to Notes Receivable, and Cash is debited for the note's principal amount as well as any interest earned. The item also deducts Interest Revenue from Interest Revenue for interest earned on the note.
To compute the interest, multiply the note's principal ($10,200) by the interest rate (8%) and the time period (90/360 = 0.25). As a result, the note's interest payment is $204 ($10,200 x 0.08 x 0.25).
In order to reverse the adjusting entries made in the preceding period, reversing entries are normally performed at the beginning of each accounting period.
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In order to curb CO2 emissions, the government creates a cap-and-trade system for freight companies that use semi-trailer trucks to move freight. Some freight companies have already spent lots of money investing in low-emission trucks or even developing battery technologies to decrease emissions. Other companies have invested nothing to decrease their emissions. Answer the following questions to explain how the cap-and-trade program, if implemented successfully, will decrease emissions.
a. Using cap-and-trade, the government could restrict pollution by placing a _______on the amount of emissions each company may emit through the issue of permits.
b. One feature of the cap-and-trade policy is that permits can be traded between the "greener" companies that have already invested in emission lowering technologies and those that have not
The cap-and-trade policy will incentivize all freight companies to decrease their emissions by setting a limit or "cap" on the total amount of emissions that they can produce.
The companies will be required to obtain permits equal to the amount of emissions they produce.
Those companies that have already invested in low-emission technologies will have extra permits, which they can sell to companies that have not yet invested in such technologies.
This will encourage the latter companies to decrease their emissions by purchasing the permits from the "greener" companies rather than paying a penalty for exceeding their emissions limit.
The permit trading system creates a financial incentive for companies to reduce their emissions while also ensuring that the overall emissions target is met.
Therefore, the cap-and-trade policy will encourage all freight companies to reduce their emissions in order to avoid having to purchase permits from other companies.
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The quantity theory of money seeks to explain the connection between money and:.
The quantity theory of money seeks to explain the connection between money and aggregate demand.
The option (A) is correct.
As per the theory of money, on the off chance that how much cash in an economy copy, all else equivalent, value levels will likewise twofold. This implies that the purchaser will pay two times as much for a similar measure of labor and products.
The quantity theory of money makes sense of the connection between the cash supply, genuine result, costs, and expansion. It portrays the connection between expansion, the cash supply, genuine results, and costs. A hypothesis makes sense of how much cash is required for an economy to work.
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This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:
The quantity theory of money seeks to explain the connection between money and:
(A) aggregate demand.
(B) interest rates.
(C) the price level.
(D) unemployment.
(E) economic growth.
Should the Southern Trade Union (STU) carry out their threat of industrial action, describe four (4) tactics that they may use
If the Southern Trade Union (STU) decides to carry out its threat of industrial action, it may use the following four tactics:
1. Strikes: The STU may organize strikes, where workers collectively stop working to protest against the employer's policies or conditions. This can put pressure on the employer to address the workers' concerns and negotiate with the union.
2. Work-to-rule: In this tactic, STU members strictly follow the rules, guidelines, and procedures laid out in their contracts. By doing this, they aim to disrupt the normal flow of operations and emphasize the importance of their roles, leading the employer to address their grievances.
3. Picketing: STU members can engage in picketing outside their workplace, holding signs and peacefully protesting their employer's practices. This tactic raises public awareness about the issues at hand and may encourage the employer to make changes.
4. Boycotts: The STU may call for a boycott of the employer's products or services, urging consumers to refrain from purchasing until the workers' demands are met. This can result in a loss of revenue for the employer, motivating them to negotiate with the union.
In summary, if the Southern Trade Union decides to carry out industrial action, they may use tactics such as strikes, work-to-rule, picketing, and boycotts. These methods are aimed at pressuring the employer to address the workers' concerns and negotiate with the union to reach a satisfactory resolution.
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What is the principle invested at %4. 75 compounded semi annually from
which monthlv withdrawals of $420 can be made
a. At the end of each month for 25 years
(3 marks)
b. At the beginning of each month for 15 years
(3 marks)
c. At the beginning of each month for 15 years but deferred for 12 years
(5 marks)
d. At end of each month in perpetuity
c. At beginning of each month in perpetuity
To determine the principal invested at 4.75% compounded semi-annually for different scenarios of monthly withdrawals, we can use the following formula:
P = PMT * [[tex](1 - (1 + r/2)^{(2*t)})[/tex])/(r/2)]
where P is the principal, PMT is the monthly withdrawal amount, r is the annual interest rate, and t is the number of years.
a. At the end of each month for 25 years:
P = 420 * [([tex](1 - (1 + 0.0475/2)^{(2*(-25)})[/tex])/(0.0475/2)]
P ≈ $62,202.96
b. At the beginning of each month for 15 years:
Since withdrawals start at the beginning of the month, we need to adjust the withdrawal amount:
PMT_adjusted = 420 / [tex](1 + 0.0475/2)^{(2/12)}[/tex]
PMT_adjusted ≈ $418.12
Now, we can find the principal:
P = 418.12 * [[tex](1 - (1 + 0.0475/2)^{(2*(-15)})[/tex])/(0.0475/2)]
P ≈ $45,839.20
c. At the beginning of each month for 15 years but deferred for 12 years:
First, we need to find the future value of the principal after 12 years:
FV = P * [tex](1 + 0.0475/2)^{(2*12)}[/tex]
Now, we can find the principal using the same formula as in part b:
FV = 418.12 * [[tex](1 - (1 + 0.0475/2)^{(2*(-15)})[/tex])/(0.0475/2)]
P ≈ $89,518.10
d. At the end of each month in perpetuity:
P = PMT / (r/2)
P = 420 / (0.0475/2)
P ≈ $176,842.11
e. At the beginning of each month in perpetuity:
P = PMT_adjusted / (r/2)
P = 418.12 / (0.0475/2)
P ≈ $176,047.94
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Joe is self-employed in a store that has a rental value of $500 a month which he pays, but he can vacate the building without giving notice. His other expenses are $100 a month for maintenance. He makes $25,000 a year on net sales (total revenue minus the wholesale cost of the product). If he quit his job and worked the same number of hours elsewhere at a job he liked equally well, he estimates that he could make $20,000 a year. No one else can be hired to work in the store. Suppose that Joe had a long term lease which requires him to pay the rent even if he doesn't operate the store. What should Joe do
Even though he is paying $500 a month for rent, he has the flexibility to vacate the building without giving notice, which could potentially save him from being locked into a long-term lease agreement. Additionally, his other expenses of $100 a month for maintenance are relatively low, which is also favorable for his business.
Furthermore, Joe's net sales of $25,000 a year indicate that he is making a profit, even after factoring in the wholesale cost of the products. If he were to quit his job and work elsewhere, he estimates that he could make $20,000 a year. This suggests that he is currently earning more money from his self-employment than he would be from another job that he likes equally well. Given these factors, it would be wise for Joe to continue with his self-employment in the store. Even if he had a long-term lease that required him to pay rent even if he didn't operate the store, it would still be beneficial for him to stay in his current position, as he is currently making a profit and has the flexibility to vacate the building if necessary. for more such questions on agreement
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Railways club has 764 members each paying an annual subscription of £25. As at 1 January, 14 members were in arrears for two year's subscription and 21 more for one year. Subscriptions received in 2019 amounted to £17,425. Ascertain, on the accruals basis, the subscription income of the club for the year ended 31 December 2019 2 MKS a) £17,425 b) £19,100 c) £17,875
The correct answer is not provided among the options given. To calculate the subscription income of the Railways club for the year ended 31 December 2019 on the accruals basis, we need to consider both the subscriptions received in 2019 and the arrears from previous years.
First, let's calculate the arrears. We know that 14 members were in arrears for two years, which means they owe 2 x £25 = £50 each. So the total arrears from these members is 14 x £50 = £700.
The total subscription income on the accruals basis is:
£17,425 + £700 + £525 = £18,650
Similarly, 21 members were in arrears for one year, which means they owe 1 x £25 = £25 each. So the total arrears from these members is 21 x £25 = £525.
Now we can calculate the total subscription income for the year ended 31 December 2019. This includes the subscriptions received in 2019 (£17,425) plus the arrears from previous years (£700 + £525). Hence the correct option is not provided in the question.
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