Answer:
B OR D
Explanation:
B and D are the most reasonable answers. D is most likely the answer though.
- RBT Requirements Coordinators are responsible for:
•Direct supervision of an RBT only
•All supervision activities of RBTs across an organization
•Administrate paperwork associated with RBT supervision only
•Only activates associated with RBT supervisors
Answer: All supervision activities of RBTs across an organization
Explanation:
A Registered Behavior Technician I someone who that is closely monitored by BCBA when practicing. The RBT is responsible for implementing behavior-analytic services.
RBT Requirements Coordinators are responsible for all supervision activities of RBTs across an organization.
When would a court consider the adequacy of consideration? Select one: A. To verify that a sale of assets was not done to avoid payment to creditors. B. When one party has promised forbearance as consideration. C. To verify that one party gave a promise in return for the act of another party. D. To verify that each party gave a valid promise to the other party. E. To verify that property was sold at its fair market value.
Answer:
E. To verify that property was sold at its fair market value
Explanation:
Adequacy of consideration is an aspect of law that says a lawful agreement is made when the buyer of a good or service gives a fair price for offerings made by the seller.
The fair price may however come in different forms - property, a promise to perform an action, an act, or money.
For example if a person offers to sell a car at $3,000 and the buyer accepts this price, the agreement is said to have adequate consideration.
If a court determines that a contract does not meet fair market price of goods and services sold, it can nullify the contract
Regardless of whether a business uses FIFO, LIFO, or weighted average cost for its inventory costing system, cost of goods available for sale must be allocated at the end of the period between these two categories. Multiple Choice beginning inventory and cost of goods sold. net purchases during the period and ending inventory. ending inventory and beginning inventory. ending inventory and cost of goods sold.
Answer:
Cost of goods available for sale must be allocated at the end of the period between ending inventory and cost of goods sold.
Explanation:
Cost of goods available for sale can be described as the maximum amount of inventory, stock, or goods that is possible for a firm to sell during an accounting period. It is the maximum amount because it is not possible for a firm to sell more than the cost of goods available for sale.
The cost of goods available for sale is obtained by adding beginning inventory and net purchases during an accounting period. This can be stated as follows:
COGAFS = BI + NP ............................... (1)
Where;
COGAFS = Cost of goods available for sale
BI = Beginning inventory
NP = Net purchases
At the end of an accounting period, ending inventory is deducted from the cost of goods available for sale to obtain cost of goods sold as follows:
COGS = COGAFS - EI ............................ (2)
Where;
COGS = Cost of goods sold
COGAFS = Cost of goods available for sale
EI = Ending inventory
Rearranging equation (2) and solve for COGAFS, we have:
COGFAS = COGS + EI ........................... (3)
Equation (3) therefore implies that the correct option is "cost of goods available for sale must be allocated at the end of the period between ending inventory and cost of goods sold".
The principle of ____ in the products liability context holds that all merchant sellers of a defective and dangerous product are fully and equally liable for the injuries caused by the product regardless of who among them is at fault for the defect in the product.
Answer: Strict product liability
Explanation:
Strict product liability holds that all merchants sellers of defective and dangerous product are responsible for the outcome of their products regardless of who among them is at fault. The merchants bear the risk for this particular product based on how dangerous they seen to be.
The Credit Alliance v. Arthur Andersen & Co. case established three tests that must be satisfied for holding auditors liable for negligence to third parties. All of the following are tests described except :________.
a) Knowledge by the accountant that the financial statements are to be used for a particular purpose.
b) The intention of the third party to rely on those statements.
c) Some action by the accountant linking hi or her to the third party than provides evidence of the accountant's understanding of intented reliance.
d) The identity of the third party must be directly known to the auditor.
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
The Credit Alliance v. Arthur Andersen & Co. is a case that questions if an accountant should be held liable to the third party on whom it is reliable to his detriment absent privity of contract.
The Court of Appeals of New York, on July 2, 1985, affirmed that an auditor should not be held liable if they fulfill the following three requirements.
The auditor should have knowledge that the financial statements will be used for a particular purpose.The intention of the third party to rely on those statements. Some action should have been there by the acccountant that links him or her to the third party which will clarify the auditor to understand why third party is relying in the statement.So, from the options stated in the question, one that is not included in this case is the fourth one. Thus the correct answer is option D.
According to NASAA's Statement of Policy on Unethical or Dishonest Business Practices of Broker-Dealers and Agents, all of the following practices are considered unethical for an agent EXCEPT A) selling 3,000 shares of ABC as directed by a client at a price that the agent determines, without oral or written discretionary authority B) selling 3,000 shares of ABC at a price the agent determines is the best the client can get, without oral or written discretionary authority C) determining the quantity of a specific security to purchase once the client has designated that security and the action to be taken D) receiving written discretionary authority from a client within 10 business days of first executing a discretionary trade with oral authority from the client
Answer: A. selling 3,000 shares of ABC as directed by a client at a price that the agent determines, without oral or written discretionary authority
Explanation:
According to NASAA's Statement of Policy on Unethical or Dishonest Business Practices of Broker-Dealers and Agents, all of the following practices that are given in the question are unethical for an agent except selling 3,000 shares of ABC as directed by a client at a price that the agent determines, without oral or written discretionary authority.
It should be noted that it is ethical for an agent to choose the price and the time of a trade so far the client has determined the amount, asset, and the action.
At the intersection of the short-run aggregate supply curve, the aggregate demand curve, and the long-run aggregate supply curve, the economy is in: Multiple Choice a long-run equilibrium but not a short-run equilibrium. both a short-run and long-run equilibrium. a short-run equilibrium but not a long-run equilibrium. neither a short-run nor long-run equilibrium.
Answer:
a short-run equilibrium but not a long-run equilibrium.
Explanation:
The long run aggregate supply and aggregate demand when intersect they determine the economy level of equilibrium. This will determine real level of GDP and prices in the long run. The short run supply curve is upward sloping. It determines the quantity of the output that will be produced at each level of price in the short run.
Mr. Torres has a small savings account. He would like to pay for his monthly Part D premiums with an automatic monthly withdrawal from his savings account until it is exhausted, and then have his premiums withheld from his Social Security check. What should you tell him?
Answer:
In general, Mr Torres must select a single Part D premium payment mechanism that will be used throughout the year.
Explanation:
Given the situation above, the best advice to give Mr. Torres, is that, all things being equal, it is imperative generally, that he must select a single Part D premium payment mechanism that will be used throughout the year.
This is because, it will be a lot easier, with less stress of constant monitoring his savings account and often time, it is more beneficial to use.
Unplug Wireless is a cellular service provider that charges its customers $1 for three hours of talk time. So, if a customer's talk time for a month is 60 hours, the company charges him or her $20 at the end of the month. Which of the following business models does this best illustrate?
a. freemium
b. subscription-based
c. pay-as-you-go
d. razor-razor-blade
Answer:
c. pay-as-you-go
Explanation:
-Freemium means that a service is free but if the customers want additional features they have to pay for them.
-Subscription-based is when a customer takes a service for an established price during a specific period of time.
-Pay-as-you-go is when you pay only for the services you use.
-Razor-razor-blade is when a business sells a product at a low price to be able to sell a complementary good.
According to this, the answer is that the business model that is best illustrated is pay-as-you-go because the customer pays for the talk time he/she consumes each month.
Even Better Products has come out with a new and improved product. As a result, the firm projects an ROE of 20%, and it will maintain a plowback ratio of 0.30. Its projected earnings are $2 per share. Investors expect a 14% rate of return on the stock.
a.
At what price and P/E ratio would you expect the firm to sell? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
Price $
P/E ratio
b.
What is the present value of growth opportunities? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
PVGO $
c.
What would be the P/E ratio and the present value of growth opportunities if the firm planned to reinvest only 20% of its earnings? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
P/E ratio
PVGO $
Answer and Explanation:
The computation is shown below:
a. The price and P/E ratio is
Price = Current year dividend ÷ (Required rate of return - growth rate)
where,
Growth rate is
= ROE × plowback ratio
= 20% × 0.30
= 6%
And, the current year dividend is ×
= $2 × (1 - 0.30)
= $1.4
So, the price is
= $1.4 ÷ (0.14 - 0.06)
= $17.50
Now the P/E ratio is
= $17.50 ÷ 2
= 8.75
b) For the present value of growth opportunities, the formula and the computation is
= Price of the stock - earnings ÷ required rate of return
= $17.50 - $2 ÷ 0.14
= 3.21
c) The P/E ratio and the present value of growth opportunities is
But before that we need to find out the price which is
Price = Current year dividend ÷ (Required rate of return - growth rate)
where,
Growth rate is
= ROE × plowback ratio
= 20% × 0.20
= 4%
And, the current year dividend is
= $2 × (1 - 0.20)
= $1.6
So, the price is
= $1.6 ÷ (0.14 - 0.04)
= $16
Now the P/E ratio is
= $16 ÷ 2
= 8
And, the growth opportunities is
= Price of the stock - earnings ÷ required rate of return
= $16 - $2 ÷ 0.14
= 1.72
Millicents is selling old manufacturing equipment. The Plant Manager in charge of selling the equipment knows that the safety mechanism does not work. When a potential buyer asks Millicents' Plant Manager if there are any problems with the equipment, he assures the buyer that there are no problems. The buyer purchases the equipment based on the assurance that there is nothing wrong with it. The buyer may be able to sue Millicents for
Answer:
breach of express warranty
Explanation:
Since the plant manager expressly assured the buyer that the equipment had no problems and was working properly, if the equipment fails (as it did in the question), this is considered a breach of expressed warranty.
An express warranty is something specific that the seller (plant manager) tells the buyer about the product and how it should work.
Seymore named his wife, Penelope, the beneficiary of a $100,000 insurance policy on his life. The policy provided that, upon his death, the proceeds would be paid at a rate of $4,000 per year plus interest over a 25-year period. Seymore died June 25 of last year, and in the current year Penelope received a payment of $5,200 from the insurance company. What amount should she include in her gross income for the current year
Answer:
$1,200
Explanation:
The reason is that out of $5,200, $4,000 is the amount that Penelope receives as capital asset proceeds as this $4,000 reduces the insurance policy worth by $4,000. Hence it is insurance policy proceeds and is exempt from tax. The remainder $1,200 is interest earnings per year which must be included in the gross income for current year as it is taxable income.
Erin works for a dry-cleaning company that has a contract with the U.S. government. To save on cleaning fluid, her boss orders her to wash some clothes that are supposed to be dry-cleaned in a washing machine. When the courier hired to pick up the cleaned garments arrives, Erin tells him about her boss' actions. Erin tells no one else about what is going on and is later fired. Erin:
Answer: Erin is not protected by whistleblower statute
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Erin works for a dry-cleaning company that has a contract with the U.S. government and that in order to save on cleaning fluid, her boss orders her to wash some clothes that are supposed to be dry-cleaned in a washing machine.
We are further told that when the courier hired to pick up the cleaned garments arrives, Erin tells him about her boss' actions but Erin tells no one else about what is going on and is later fired.
This shows that the whistleblower statute didn't protect Erin because of her failure to inform the main party that was affected of the contract violation
Geraths Windows manufactures and sells custom storm windows for three season porches and also provides installation service for the windows. The installation process does not involve changes in the windows, so this service can be performed by other vendors. Geraths enters into the following contract on July 1, 2014, with a local homeowner. The customer purchases windows for a price of $2,690 and chooses Geraths to do the installation. Geraths charges the same price for the windows irrespective of whether it does the installation or not. The price of the installation service is estimated to have a fair value of $590. The customer pays Geraths $2,300 (which equals the fair value of the windows, which have a cost of $1,700) upon delivery and the remaining balance upon installation of the windows. The windows are delivered on September 1, 2014, Geraths completes installation on October 15, 2014, and the customer pays the balance due.
Prepare the journal entries for Geraths in 2014. (Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.)
Answer:
Kindly check Explanation
Explanation:
1st of July 2014:
No journal entry Dr.
No Journal entry Cr.
1st of September 2014:
CASH 2300 Dr.
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE 390 Dr.
INVENTORY 1700 Cr.
SALES REVENUE (2300/2890)×2690 - - 2140.8 Cr
UNEARNED SERVICE REVENUE (590/2890)×2690 - - - 549.2 Cr.
15th October 2014 :
CASH (2690 - 2300) - - 390 Dr.
UNEARNED SERVICE REVENUE - - 549.2 Dr.
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE - - - 390 Cr.
SALES REVENUE - - - 549.2 Cr.
What’s the likeliest reason the program failed? (A) The nap wasn't long enough. (B) The room for the nap was too noisy. (C) The culture of the organization did not support napping during a shift. (D) Workers weren’t as tired as managers thought they were.
Answer: C. The culture of the organization did not support napping during a shift.
Explanation:
Many people tend to have a good rest when they are not working so they can regain their mental and physical strength when they are not on duty to be strong enough to carry out task when they on duty. Depreving them of this rest will tend to fail any program. Rest is required for success as the human system is frail at some point after long task or job being carried out.
The six sigma approach to quality control: Multiple Choice detects potential problems early to prevent their occurrence. views quality control as a function of the marketing department. allows only 600 defective units per one thousand units produced. relies on a special team of experts to examine every unit of output at the end of the production process.
Answer:
detects potential problems early to prevent their occurrence.
Explanation:
Six Sigma is a quality business management strategy which helps business organizations to improve the quality of processes, products and services by discovering and eliminating defects, variations or errors. It is a strategic business concept that was developed in 1986 by Motorola.
This ultimately implies that, the six sigma approach to quality control detects potential problems early to prevent their occurrence.
Under the six sigma approach, any process that doesn't provide customer satisfaction or causes challenges in an organisation's process should be eliminated from the system in order to produce quality products and services. It allows only 3.4 defective features for every million opportunities and as such expects processes to be defect free 99.99966 percent of the time.
Generally, there are two (2) main methods of achieving the six sigma approach;
1. DMAIC: define, measure, analyze, improve and control.
2. DMADV: define, measure, analyze, design and verify.
Georgia was supposed to pay her premium by the 15th of the month. Which of the following provisions allows her to keep her coverage if she is a couple of weeks late with paying her premium (without penalty)?
a) Incontestability clause
b) Misstatement of age provision
c) Naming a beneficiary
d) Policy reinstatement
e) The grace period
Answer: The Grace period
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Georgia was supposed to pay her premium by the 15th of the month. The provision that allows her to keep her coverage even though she is a couple of weeks late with paying her premium without penalty is referred to as the grace period.
The grace period is a period of time which is after the due period of an obligation whereby a late fee or a penalty is waived. In this case, Georgia was in her grace period.
Mr. Barker enjoys a comfortable retirement income. He recently had surgery and expected that he would have certain services and items covered by the plan with minimal out-of-pocket costs because his MA-PD coverage has been very good. However, when he received the bill, he was surprised to see large charges in excess of his maximum out-of-pocket limit that included a number of services and items he thought would be fully covered. He called you to ask what he could do? What could you tell him?
Answer:
What you could tell him is that you can offer to help him review all the plans appeal process as well as to help him ask the plan to review his coverage decision which will enable him to know why he had large charges in excess of his maximum out-of-pocket limit.
Explanation:
Based on the information given we were told that when he received the bill, their was large charges in excess of his maximum out-of-pocket limit which is a limit on the amount of money a person or an individual have to pay for covered medical care services in which we were still told that the large charges in excess of his maximum out-of-pocket limit also include a number of services and items he thought would be fully covered, therefore since he called you to ask what he could do, What you could tell him is that you will offer to help him review all the plans appeal process and to as well help him to ask the plan to review the coverage decision which is why coverage decision is of benefit because it enables a person or an individual to makes decision about their benefits including the amount they have to pay for their medical services plan.
Gelb Company currently manufactures 49,000 units per year of a key component for its manufacturing process. Variable costs are $6.25 per unit, fixed costs related to making this component are $89,000 per year, and allocated fixed costs are $78,500 per year. The allocated fixed costs are unavoidable whether the company makes or buys this component. The company is considering buying this component from a supplier for $3.50 per unit. Calculate the total incremental cost of making 49,000 units and buying 49,000 units. Should it continue to manufacture the component, or should it buy this component from the outside supplier
Answer:
If the company buys the component, income will increase by $223,750.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Units= 49,000
Variable costs are $6.25 per unit
Fixed costs= $89,000 per year
The company is considering buying this component from a supplier for $3.50 per unit.
We will take into account only the differential costs.
Make:
Total cost= 49,000*6.25 + 89,000= $395,250
Buy:
Total cost= 49,000*3.5= $171,500
From the beginning, we knew that the cost of buying was cheaper than the unitary variable cost of making the part.
If the company buys the component, income will increase by $223,750.
Select the balance sheet category where the items given would typically
Items Balance Sheet Category
1. Cash equivalents Current assets
2. Bond investment to be held through maturity in five years Long-term investments
3. Land not currently used in operations Plant assets
4. Equipment Plant assets
5. Trademarks Intangible assets
6. Wages Payable Current liabilities
7. Bonds payable Long-term liabilities
8. Short-term note payable Current liabilities
Answer and Explanation:
The balance category is shown below:-
Current assets are those assets that are converted into cash within one year for example inventory, accounts receivable, etc.
Fixed assets are those assets that are to be considered as to be long term that is 3 years, 5 years, etc. For example land, building, machinery, etc.
1. Cash equivalents Current assets
2. Bond Investment Investment
3. Land not currently used in operations Fixed assets
4. Equipment Plant assets
5. Trade marks ( Other assets) Intangible assets
6. Wages payable Current liabilities 7. Bonds payable Long term liabilities
Short - term note payable Current liabilities
The legal document identifying the rights and obligations of both the bondholders and the issuer is called the bond ______. This document describes the number of bonds authorized, their par value, and the contract interest rate. agreement document indenture article
Answer: indenture
Explanation:
The bond indenture is a legal contract that or covers a purchase obligation or a debt.
Therefore, the legal document identifying the rights and obligations of both the bondholders and the issuer is called the bond indenture. This document describes the number of bonds authorized, their par value, and the contract interest rate.
Depreciation of the euro relative to the U.S. dollar will cause a U.S.-based MNC’s reported earnings (from the consolidated income statement) to ____. If a firm desired to protect against this possibility, it could stabilize its reported earnings by ____ euros forward in the foreign exchange market.
Answer:
be reduced;selling
Explanation:
As if we compared the depreciation of the euro with U.S dollar so the U.S based earnings i.e to be reported by taking a reference from the consolidated income statement is to be reduced
Moreover, if a firm protect itself and wants to stabilize the earnings i.e to be reported so it would be done by selling the euros forwards in the market i.e foreign exchange
Euan manages product design and development at a toy company. The junior managers who report to him tell him that new complementors for the firm's products are available. What should Euan's reaction be? He should consult lawyers about the possibility of suing for copyright infringement. If the industry barriers to entry are low, he doesn't need to do anything. If the industry barriers to entry are high, he doesn't need to do anything. He needs to find out if his company as well as other companies can provide the complements.
Answer:
He needs to find out if his company as well as other companies can provide the complements.
Explanation:
The complementary products are the products that are used with the another product
Since in the question, it is mentioned that the new complementors are available for the firm products based on this the Euan reaction is that to determine his company and along with other company are providing the complements or not due to which he is able to analyze the level of competition
Hence, the last option is correct
Berner Mining Company estimates that after it completes extraction of valuable metals from a tract of land, $245,000 will be necessary to return the land to its original condition. This cost is considered a(n)
Answer:
restoration cost
Explanation:
This specific cost of $245,000 would be considered a restoration cost. These types of costs are defined as the "actual and imputed expenditures for activities aiming at the restoration of depleted or degraded natural systems, partly or completely counteracting environmental impacts of economic activities". Such as mining the land for its natural resources, which in term destroys/damages the land.
Aria’s, Inc. has 1,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value cumulative preferred stock and 10,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding. The company has not paid dividends in two years. In its third year, it paid the common shareholders a $2 per-share dividend, plus the amount owed to preferred shareholders. What is the total amount of dividends paid?
Answer:
The total amount of dividends paid by Aria’s, Inc. is $30,000.
Explanation:
The total amount of dividends paid by Aria’s, Inc. can be obtained by adding the dividends paid to common shareholders and preferred stockholders as follows:
Annual dividend paid to cumulative preferred stockholders = Number of cumulative preferred shares * Par value of the share * Dividend rate = 1,000 * $100 * 5% = $5,000
Since Aria’s, Inc. has has not paid dividends in two years, the total dividend paid to cumulative preferred stockholders is as follows:
Total dividend paid to cumulative preferred stockholders = Annual dividend paid to cumulative preferred stockholders * 2 = $5,000 * 2 = $10,000
Dividend paid to common stockholders = Number of common shares * Common shares dividend per share = 10,000 * $2 = $20,000
Therefore, we have:
Total amount of dividends paid = Total dividend paid to cumulative preferred stockholders + Dividend paid to common stockholders = $10,000 + $20,000 = $30,000
Therefore, the total amount of dividends paid by Aria’s, Inc. is $30,000.
In the year 2000, the economy produces 50 loaves of bread that sell for $1 each. In the year 2001, the economy produces 100 loaves of bread that sell for $2 each. In the year 2002, the economy produces 200 loaves of bread that sell for $3 each. Calculate nominal GDP for each year.
Answer:
2000 - $502001 - $2002002 - $600Explanation:
Nominal GDP is the market value of final goods and services in an Economy in a period, typically a year. The final goods in this scenario are the loaves of bread.
2000 Economy
= 50 loaves * 1
= $50
2001 Economy
= 100 * 2
= $200
2002 Economy
= 200 * 3
= $600
The revenue recognition principle says divide time into equal periods to measure net income or net loss properly. B. match revenues and expenses in order to compute net income. C. record revenue only after you have earned it. D. record revenue only when you receive cash.
Answer:
C. Record revenue only after you have earned it
Explanation:
The revenue recognition principle says record revenue only after you have earned it.
Revenue recognition principle is an accounting principle that helps to determine how and when revenue is to be recognized.
Revenue recognition principle requires that revenues can only be recognized when they are realized and earned, not when cash is received.
Revenue can be calculated by multiplying price by units of quantity demanded.
That is,
Revenue= Price × Quantity demanded
Stock QWE plans to pay dividends of $3.00, $3.50, and $4.00 in each of the next three years. If the price of this stock will be $50.00 at the end of three years and the required rate of return by shareholders is 15%, then what is the value of the stock today
Answer:
$40.76
Explanation:
Calculation of the value of the stock today
First step is find the value of stock for each year.
The Value of stock today will be:
First year =($3.00 / 1.15^¹)
First year=($3.00/1.15)
First year=$2.61
Second year= ($3.50 / 1.15^²)
Second year =($3.50/1.3225)
Second year =$2.65
Third year= ($4.00 / 1.15^3)
Third year=($4.00/1.520875)
Third year =$2.63
End of third year= ($50.00 / 1.15^3)
End of third year = ($50.00/1.520875)
End of third year =$32.88
Last step is to add the amount for each year up
V0= $2.61 + $2.65 + $2.63 + $32.88
V0= $40.76
Therefore the value of the stock today will be $40.76
Ashley is an attorney and also an excellent typist. She can type 120 words per minute, but she charges attorney fees at $100 per hour. Benjamin would like some typing work but can only type 60 words per minute. According to the law of comparative advantage, Ashley should hire Benjamin to do her typing if and only if his wage rate is less than:__________
Answer:
$50 / hr
Explanation:
The law of comparative advantage states that an entity should be able to produce its goods and services at a lower opportunity cost compared others in the same line of business so as to have an edge in the market.
Looking at the scenario ,if Ashley can type 120 words in a minute and also earn $100 / hr as an attorney , the opportunity cost of settling for the attorney work is the income earned through typing.
The law states that goods and services should be produced at a cost lower to the opportunity cost. To Ashley , the cost of hiring Benjamin should not be more than half of her hourly income as Benjamin production rate is half of hers.
In the Shaping Department of Sheridan Company the unit materials cost is $2.00 and the unit conversion cost is $1.60. The department transferred out 8900 units and had 2000 units in ending work in process 20% complete. If all materials are added at the beginning of the process, the total cost to be assigned to the ending work in process is
Answer:
Ending Work in Process $ 4640
Explanation:
Sheridan Company
Shaping Department
Ending Work in Process $ 4640
Materials = 2000 units*$2= $ 4000
Conversion= 2000 units *20%* $1.6= 400*$ 1.6=$ 640
We find the cost of ending inventory by multiplying the materials unit cost with the materials units and the unit conversion costs with the equivalent conversion units.All materials are included because the materials are added at the beginning of the process.