The angle between the beam's polarization and the polarizer's axis is 60 degrees.
To determine the angle between the beam's polarization and the polarizer's axis, we need to use Malus' law. Malus' law states that the intensity of a polarized light beam that passes through a polarizer is given by:
I = I0 cos² θ
where I0 is the initial intensity of the beam, θ is the angle between the beam's polarization and the polarizer's axis, and I is the intensity of the beam after passing through the polarizer.
In this case, we know that the polarizer blocks 75% of the polarized light beam, which means that only 25% of the original intensity passes through. Therefore, we can write:
I = 0.25 I0
Substituting this into Malus' law, we get:
0.25 I0 = I0 cos² θ
Solving for cos² θ, we get:
cos² θ = 0.25
Taking the square root of both sides, we get:
cos θ = ±0.5
Since we want the angle between 0 and 90 degrees, we take the positive value:
cos θ = 0.5
Using the inverse cosine function, we get:
θ = 60 degrees (rounded to two significant figures)
Therefore, the angle between the beam's polarization and the polarizer's axis is 60 degrees.
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Congratulations!! You have just been selected as prospective commander of the Mars Orbital Mission (MOM). Your task is to place your spacecraft in circular orbit about Mars with an orbital period of 8 hours and 40 minutes. The mass of Mars is 6.45 x 1023 kg, and the radius of Mars is 3394 km. What will be the radius of your circular orbit?
The radius of the circular orbit should be approximately 11,582 km.
To place the spacecraft in a circular orbit about Mars with an orbital period of 8 hours and 40 minutes, the radius of the circular orbit should be approximately 11,582 km.
The radius of the circular orbit can be calculated using the formula for the orbital period of a satellite:
T = 2π√(r^3/GM)
where T is the orbital period, r is the radius of the orbit, G is the gravitational constant, and M is the mass of the central body (in this case, Mars).
Solving for r, we get:
r = (GMT^2/4π^2)^(1/3)
Substituting the given values, we get:
r = [(6.6743 × 10^-11 m^3/(kg s^2)) × (6.45 × 10^23 kg) × ((8 hours + 40 minutes) × 60 × 60 s/hour)^2 / (4π^2)]^(1/3)
Converting the time to seconds and performing the calculations, we get:
r = 11,582 km
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Is it speed, velocity, or acceleration of a football just after being kicked?
It is velocity of a football just after being kicked. Velocity is the speed and direction of an object, and it is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.
When a football is kicked, it has a certain velocity in a particular direction, which can be measured using a speedometer or other measuring device. Acceleration, on the other hand, refers to the rate of change of velocity, so it would only be relevant if the football's velocity was changing after being kicked (for example, if it were slowing down due to air resistance or gravity).
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As the diameter of the wire increases, the AWG number_____, and the resistance of the conductor_____.
As the diameter of the wire increases, the AWG number decreases, and the resistance of the conductor decreases.
AWG (American Wire Gauge) is a standard used to measure the diameter of wires, with smaller numbers indicating larger wire diameters.
Resistance is a measure of how difficult it is for an electric current to flow through a wire, with higher resistance causing a reduction in the amount of current that can pass through the wire.
When the wire diameter increases, the cross-sectional area of the wire also increases, which means there is more space for the electric current to flow through, resulting in lower resistance.
Therefore, a larger diameter wire has a lower AWG number and lower resistance, making it a more efficient conductor of electric current.
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what are the three types of radiation as discovered by ernest rutherford? give in alphabetical order.
The three types of radiation discovered by Ernest Rutherford are alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.
In alphabetical order, the three types of radiation are:
1. Alpha radiation: These are helium nuclei consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. They have a positive charge and are relatively large compared to other types of radiation. Alpha particles have low penetration power and can be stopped by a sheet of paper or the outer layer of human skin.
2. Beta radiation: These are high-energy electrons or positrons emitted by certain radioactive nuclei. Beta particles have a negative charge (for electrons) or positive charge (for positrons) and are smaller and more penetrating than alpha particles. They can be stopped by a sheet of aluminum or plastic.
3. Gamma radiation: These are electromagnetic waves with high energy and no charge. Gamma rays are the most penetrating form of radiation and can pass through several centimeters of lead or concrete. They require thick shielding to protect against exposure.
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consider a wheatstone bridge circuit that has all resistances equal to 100 w. the resistance r1 is a strain gauge that cannot sustain a power dissipation of more than 0.25 w. what is the maximum applied voltage that can be used for the bridge circuit? at this level of bridge excitation, what is the bridge sensitivity?
The maximum applied voltage of the Wheatstone bridge is approximately 15.8 volts. The bridge sensitivity is approximately 0.0004 V/V or 0.04%.
In order to determine the maximum applied voltage that can be used for the bridge circuit, we need to calculate the maximum current that can pass through the strain gauge (r1) without exceeding its power dissipation limit. Using the formula P = I^2*R, we can solve for the maximum current, which is approximately 0.158 amps. Then, using Ohm's Law (V = I*R), we can calculate the maximum applied voltage, which is approximately 15.8 volts.
At this level of bridge excitation, the bridge sensitivity can be determined by taking the ratio of the change in output voltage to the change in input voltage. Since all resistances in the circuit are equal, the sensitivity can be expressed as 2*deltaR/R, where deltaR is the change in resistance in the strain gauge due to the applied strain. Assuming a typical strain gauge has a sensitivity of 2 mV/V, we can calculate the bridge sensitivity to be approximately 0.0004 V/V or 0.04%. This means that for every 1 volt of applied voltage, the output voltage will change by 0.0004 volts or 0.04%.
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in each cycle of its operation, a refrigerator removes 24 j of heat from the inside of the refrigerator and releases 44 j of heat into the room. how much work per cycle is required to operate this refrigerator?the work per cycle required to operate the refrigerator isj.
The work per cycle required to operate a refrigerator can be calculated using the First Law of Thermodynamics, which states that the energy input to a system is equal to the energy output plus the change in the system's internal energy:
Work input = Q_out - Q_in
where Q_out is the heat released by the refrigerator into the room, and Q_in is the heat removed from the inside of the refrigerator.
Substituting the given values, we get:
Work input = 44 j - (-24 j)
Work input = 68 j
Therefore, the work per cycle required to operate this refrigerator is 68 joules.
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A point source emitting S neutrons/sec is placed at the center of a sphere of moderator of radius R. Show that the flux in the sphere is given by phi (r) = S/4 [I D sin h (R + d/L) sin h(1/L (R + d -r))/r where r is the distance from the source, Show that the number of neutrons leaking per second from the surface of the sphere is given by No.leaking/sec = (R + d)S/L sin h(R + d/L) What is the probability that a neutron emitted by the source escapes from the surface?
The probability that a neutron emitted by the source escapes from the surface is P = No.leaking/sec / S = (R+d)/L sin h((R+d)/L)
The flux of neutrons in the sphere can be calculated using the diffusion equation and the boundary conditions. The solution is given by:
phi(r) = S/4πD [1 - (r/R) sin h(R/d) sin h((r-d)/L)]
where D is the diffusion coefficient, and d is the thickness of the boundary layer. By simplifying the equation and using trigonometric identities, we can rewrite it as:
phi(r) = S/4 [sin h((R+d)/L) sin h((R+d-r)/L)]/r
This is the desired expression for the flux.
To calculate the number of neutrons leaking per second from the surface, we integrate the flux over the surface area of the sphere. The result is:
No.leaking/sec = (R+d)S/L sin h((R+d)/L)
This expression gives the rate of leakage of neutrons from the surface.
The probability that a neutron emitted by the source escapes from the surface is the ratio of the leaking neutrons to the total number of neutrons emitted per second. Therefore, the probability is:
P = No.leaking/sec / S = (R+d)/L sin h((R+d)/L)
This gives the probability of a neutron escaping from the surface as a function of the sphere's radius and diffusion length.
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A 2 Kg Particle Is Given A Displacement Of
F=(3 M)I+ (3 M)J - (2 M)K
During The Displacement, A Constant Force F = (2 N)I - (1 N)I + (1 N) Acts On The Particle.
a. Find The Work Done By F For This Displacement
b. Find The Component Of F In The Direction Of This Displacement
The work done by F for this displacement is 1 N·M. The component of F in the direction of this displacement is (3/4) N·M.
a. The work done by a force F over a displacement d is given by the dot product of the force and displacement vectors: W = F · d. Here, F = (2 N)I - (1 N)J + (1 N)K and d = (3 M)I + (3 M)J - (2 M)K. So, the work done by F is:
W = F · d = (2 N)(3 M) + (-1 N)(3 M) + (1 N)(-2 M) = 6 N·M - 3 N·M - 2 N·M = 1 N·M
Therefore, the work done by F for this displacement is 1 N·M.
b. To find the component of F in the direction of this displacement, we need to project F onto the direction of d. The projection of a vector F onto a direction vector d is given by the dot product of F and the unit vector in the direction of d, which is given by d/|d|. Here, d/|d| = (1/4) [(3 M)I + (3 M)J - (2 M)K]. So, the component of F in the direction of d is:
F || d = F · (d/|d|) = [(2 N)I - (1 N)J + (1 N)K] · [(1/4)(3 M)I + (1/4)(3 M)J - (1/4)(2 M)K]
= (3/2) N·M - (3/4) N·M - (1/4) N·M = (3/4) N·M
Therefore, the component of F in the direction of this displacement is (3/4) N·M.
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how would you complete the pivot table design below? match the pivot table fields to the correct drag areas.
The pivot table interface where you can drag and drop fields to create the table's layout.
What are the drag areas in a pivot table?The drag areas in a pivot table are the specific sections of the pivot table interface where you can drag and drop fields to create the table's layout. The four main drag areas in a pivot table are:
Rows: Fields dragged into this area become the rows in the pivot table.Columns: Fields dragged into this area become the columns in the pivot table.Values: Fields dragged into this area become the values to be calculated and displayed in the pivot table.Filters: Fields dragged into this area allow you to filter the data displayed in the pivot table based on specific criteria.Learn more about Pivot table
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when you see the bright flash of a meteor, what are you actually seeing? when you see the bright flash of a meteor, what are you actually seeing? the glow of heated air surrounding a small particle as it burns up in our atmosphere
When you see the bright flash of a meteor, you are actually witnessing the glow of heated air surrounding a small particle as it burns up in our atmosphere.
When you see the bright flash of a meteor, you are actually seeing the glow of heated air surrounding a small particle as it burns up in our atmosphere. As the meteoroid enters the Earth's atmosphere, the air in front of it is compressed and heats up. This causes the meteoroid to heat up and create a bright streak of light in the sky. This phenomenon is commonly known as a shooting star or a meteor.
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light trucks have a high center of gravity which increases their susceptibility to_______.
The answer is that light trucks have a high center of gravity which increases their susceptibility to rollovers.
A high center of gravity means that the mass of the vehicle is concentrated higher above the ground. This causes the vehicle to be less stable during turns or abrupt maneuvers, making it more prone to tipping over or rolling. In the case of light trucks, their design and construction lead to this high center of gravity, which ultimately increases their risk of experiencing rollovers compared to other vehicles with a lower center of gravity. It is essential for drivers of light trucks to be aware of this risk and drive cautiously, especially during turns or on uneven surfaces, to minimize the chances of a rollover accident.
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what is the electric field amplitude of an electromagnetic wave whose magnetic field amplitude is 1.3 mt ?
The answer is that the electric field amplitude of an electromagnetic wave can be calculated using the formula:
E = c * B
Where E is the electric field amplitude, B is the magnetic field amplitude, and c is the speed of light.
Using this formula and plugging in the given magnetic field amplitude of 1.3 mt, we get:
E = (3 x 10⁸ m/s) * (1.3 x 10⁻³ T)
Simplifying this equation, we get:
E = 3.9 x 10⁵ V/m
Therefore, the electric field amplitude of an electromagnetic wave whose magnetic field amplitude is 1.3 mt is 3.9 x 10⁵V/m.
This formula relates the electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave, stating that they are proportional to each other and are both perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. By knowing the magnetic field amplitude and using the speed of light as a constant, we can easily calculate the electric field amplitude of the wave.
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In an experiment the first-order maximums are measured a distance of 8 cm apart from scattering due to a diffraction grating placed 70 cm away from the screen. a) If the diffraction grating as 880 lines per centimeter what is the wavelength of light? b) I light from this laser is used in a single slit diffraction experiment at what angles would you expect to see minims appear (please give 3 different positive angles) if the slit width is 10 mu m?
Th wavelength of light if the diffraction grating as 880 lines per centimeter is λ = (1/880) sin 0.106 ≈ 4.02 × 10⁻⁷ meters. We would expect to see minima at approximately 2.3 degrees, 4.6 degrees, and 7.0 degrees.
a) The distance between first-order maxima is given by the equation:
d sin θ = mλ
where d is the grating spacing (distance between adjacent slits), θ is the angle between the incident light and the normal to the grating, m is the order of the maximum, and λ is the wavelength of light.
We are given that the distance between first-order maxima is 8 cm, the grating spacing is 1/880 cm, and the distance from the grating to the screen is 70 cm.
Using the equation above, we can solve for λ:
(1/880) sin θ = λ/1
(1/880) sin θ = λ
Now we need to find the value of sin θ. Using the small angle approximation (sin θ ≈ θ), we can write:
θ = tan⁻¹ (8/70) ≈ 0.106 radians
Therefore,
λ = (1/880) sin 0.106 ≈ 4.02 × 10⁻⁷ meters
b) In a single-slit diffraction experiment, the position of the minima is given by the equation:
sin θ = mλ/w
where w is the width of the slit.
We are given that the slit width is 10 µm (10⁻⁵ m), and we can use the value of λ we calculated in part (a) to find the angles at which the minima occur:
For m = 1:
sin θ = (1)(4.02 × 10^-7)/10⁻⁵ ≈ 0.04
θ ≈ 2.3 degrees
For m = 2:
sin θ = (2)(4.02 × 10⁻⁷)/10⁻⁵ ≈ 0.08
θ ≈ 4.6 degrees
For m = 3:
sin θ = (3)(4.02 × 10⁻⁷)/10⁻⁵ ≈ 0.12
θ ≈ 7.0 degrees
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a tire’s ______ grade represents the tire’s ability to cool itself or withstand heat.
A tire's temperature grade represents its ability to cool itself or withstand heat.
Carbon and tungsten are the most common heat-resistant elements known. Their melting points are approximately 3400 to 3800 degrees Celsius. Ceramic materials as well are known to be heat-resistant inorganic solids. Ceramics are made up of metallic and nonmetallic elements.
Equipment that is designed to withstand high heat and hot temperatures during the cooking process.
From the given options A) Saute pans (also called frying pans) is cooking equipment designed to withstand high heat.
It's used for cooking over high heat, so it should be thick enough not to warp and be able to conduct heat evenly,A tire's temperature grade represents the tire's ability to cool itself or withstand heat.
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after a double reflection over parallel lines, a preimage and its image are 28 units apart. how far apart are the parallel lines?
The distance between the parallel lines after a double reflection over parallel lines is 14 units.
The distance between the parallel lines after a double reflection, when the preimage and its image are 28 units apart,
Understand that after a double reflection over parallel lines, the preimage and its image remain in the same orientation and are twice the distance of the parallel lines apart.
Use the given information, which is that the preimage and its image are 28 units apart.
Divide the distance between the preimage and its image by 2 to find the distance between the parallel lines. In this case, 28 units / 2 = 14 units.
So, the parallel lines are 14 units apart.
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What is the wave speed of a traveling wave with a period of 2s and a wavelength of 6m?
What is the force exerted by a spring with spring constant 50N/m on a mass that was stretched to the right 2m?
List 5 examples of waves making sure to have at least one electromagnetic wave, 1 longitudinal wave, and 1 transverse wave.
Draw a diagram of the doppler effect. (If you’re completing this electronically, draw a picture and then take a picture of it to put in here)
What is the frequency of a wave traveling at 17m/s with wavelength 51m?
What is the spring constant in a spring that exerts a 50N force after a displacement of -.5m?
What is the wavelength of a wave traveling at 5m/s with a frequency of 40 Hz?
If frequency and period are inverses, what is the period of a wave with frequency of .1 Hz?
Eli and Bryce watch a pendulum swing back and forth 10 total times in 35 seconds. What is the period of the pendulum?
What is the period of the Earth making revolutions around the Sun in seconds? What is the frequency in Hz?
Is this wave mechanical or electromagnetic? Can you tell?
Is this wave transverse or longitudinal? Can you tell?
What is the amplitude?
What is the period?
What is the frequency?
If the wavelength is 7m, what is the wave speed?
Wavelength of the wave, λ = 6 m
Time period of the wave, T = 2s
1) Force exerted by the spring,
F = -kx
F = -50 x 2
F = -100 N the -ve sign indicates the restoring force.
2) Frequency of the wave,
f = v/λ
f = 17/51
f = 0.33 Hz
3) Spring constant in the spring,
k = - F/x
k = -50/-5
k = 10 N/m
4) Wavelength of the wave,
λ = v/f
λ = 5/40
λ = 0.125 m
5) Time period of the wave,
T = 1/f
T = 1/0.1
T = 10 s
6) Period of the pendulum,
T = t/n
T = 35/10
T = 3.5 s
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at what frequencies (in radians per second) is the magnitude of the transfer function equal to unity? express your answers in radians per second to three significant figures. enter your answers in ascending order separated by a comma.
The magnitude of the transfer function is equal to unity when the gain of the system is equal to 1 or 0dB. This occurs at the system's resonant frequency or cutoff frequency depending on the type of system.
The resonant frequency is the frequency at which the system's response is maximum and occurs in systems with a natural frequency such as RLC circuits. The cutoff frequency is the frequency at which the system's response begins to roll off and occurs in systems with a bandwidth such as filters.
Therefore, to find the frequencies at which the magnitude of the transfer function is equal to unity, we need to determine the resonant or cutoff frequencies of the system. This can be done by analyzing the transfer function and identifying the frequency-dependent terms.
Once the resonant or cutoff frequencies have been determined, we can convert them to radians per second by multiplying by 2π. We express our answers in ascending order separated by a comma and to three significant figures.
In summary, the frequencies at which the magnitude of the transfer function is equal to unity depend on the resonant or cutoff frequencies of the system and can be found by analyzing the transfer function. We then convert these frequencies to radians per second to express our answers.
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the formation of terrestrial-type planets around a star is most likely to have occurred by what process?
The formation of terrestrial-type planets around a star is most likely to have occurred through a process called accretion, which involves the gradual accumulation of dust and gas in the protoplanetary disk surrounding the star.
Over time, this material clumps together due to gravitational forces, forming larger and larger bodies, eventually leading to the formation of solid, rocky planets like Earth. This process is thought to have taken place over millions of years, and it is believed to be the most common method by which planets are formed in the universe.
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as rotating winds pull into a tighter and tighter spiral, wind speeds increase due to the conservation of
As rotating winds pull into a tighter and tighter spiral, wind speeds increase due to the conservation of angular momentum.
When no external torques are acting on the system, the physical attribute of angular momentum, which describes the rotational motion of an item, is preserved. When air travels inward towards the centre of rotation in rotating winds, such as those in a tornado or cyclone, the angular momentum is conserved, spiralling the winds and tightening the storm system.
The circular path's radius reduces as the air moves in closer proximity to the centre of rotation, which lowers the moment of inertia. The conservation of angular momentum states that in order to preserve the same amount of angular momentum as the moment of inertia falls, the angular velocity must rise.
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A ray of 610 nm light goes from air into fused quartz at an incident angle of 55.0 degrees. At what incident angle must 470nm light enter flint glass to have the same angle of refraction?
The incident angle of 470 nm light in flint glass that would result in the same angle of refraction as the 610 nm light in fused quartz is approximately 46.8 degrees.
The incident angle of the 610 nm light ray in fused quartz can be calculated using Snell's law:
n_air * sin(theta_air) = n_quartz * sin(theta_quartz)
where n_air is the refractive index of air (approximately 1), n_quartz is the refractive index of fused quartz for 610 nm light (approximately 1.46), theta_air is the incident angle in air (55.0 degrees), and theta_quartz is the angle of refraction in fused quartz.
Solving for theta_quartz, we get:
theta_quartz = sin^-1((n_air/n_quartz) * sin(theta_air))
theta_quartz = sin^-1((1/1.46) * sin(55.0))
theta_quartz = 36.1 degrees
Now, to find the incident angle of 470 nm light in flint glass that would result in the same angle of refraction, we use Snell's law again:
n_air * sin(theta_air) = n_flint * sin(theta_flint)
where n_flint is the refractive index of flint glass for 470 nm light (approximately 1.62) and theta_flint is the incident angle in flint glass.
We want theta_flint to be the same as theta_quartz, so we set them equal to each other:
theta_flint = theta_quartz
sin(theta_air) / sin(theta_flint) = n_flint / n_quartz
sin(55.0) / sin(theta_flint) = 1.62 / 1.46
sin(theta_flint) = sin(55.0) * 1.46 / 1.62
theta_flint = sin^-1(sin(55.0) * 1.46 / 1.62)
theta_flint = 46.8 degrees
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a 170 hz sound wave in air has a wavelength of 2.0 m. the frequency is now doubled to 340 hz. what is the new wavelength?
The new wavelength is 1.0 meter when the frequency is doubled to 340 Hz.
When the frequency of a sound wave is doubled from 170 Hz to 340 Hz, the new wavelength can be found using the relationship between frequency, wavelength, and the speed of sound in air. The formula is:
Speed of sound = Frequency × Wavelength
Since the speed of sound in air remains constant, we can set up a ratio:
(Initial frequency × Initial wavelength) = (New frequency × New wavelength)
(170 Hz × 2.0 m) = (340 Hz × New wavelength)
Solve for the new wavelength:
New wavelength = (170 Hz × 2.0 m) / 340 Hz
New wavelength = 1.0 m
So, when the frequency is doubled to 340 Hz, the new wavelength is 1.0 meter.
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a smll airplane leaves a airport over an overast day . it is later sighted 250 km away in a direction making an angle of 22 degrees is of north. how far north is the airplane sighted from the airport?
The small airplane is sighted approximately 231.8 km north of the airport, Given that the airplane left the airport and was later seen 250 km away, making an angle of 22 degrees east of north, we can treat this situation as a right-angled triangle with the angle between the north direction and the airplane's position being 22 degrees.
To find the distance north, we'll use the cosine function. The formula for cosine is:
cos(angle) = adjacent side / hypotenuse
In this case, the adjacent side represents the distance north, and the hypotenuse is the total distance of 250 km. We want to find the adjacent side, so we'll rearrange the formula as:
adjacent side = hypotenuse * cos(angle)
Plugging in the values:
adjacent side = 250 km * cos(22 degrees)
Ensure your calculator is set to degrees mode, and then compute the cosine value. Multiply it by 250 km:
adjacent side ≈ 250 km * 0.9272 ≈ 231.8 km
The small airplane is sighted approximately 231.8 km north of the airport.
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if a proton is moving at 10% the speed of light, what is the magnitude of the foce felt by this particle?
If a proton is moving at 10% the speed of light, the magnitude of the force felt by this particle is about 4.8 x 1012 Newtons.
The proton experiences a force that may be estimated using the following formula, assuming a magnetic field of one Tesla:
F = qvB
where q is the proton's charge and v is its speed.
A proton has a charge of roughly 1.6 x 1019 Coulombs. The proton travels at a speed of about 3 x 107 metres per second, or 0.1 the speed of light.
As a result, the proton's force is calculated to be as follows:
F = (1 Tesla) x (3 x 10⁷ m/s) x (1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C)
F equals 4.8 x 10¹² Newtons.
Therefore, the proton experiences a force of about 4.8 x 10¹² Newtons.
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Lab Report
Energy
It’s time to complete your Lab Report. Save the lab to your computer with the correct unit number, lab name, and your name at the end of the file name (e.g., U1_ Lab_Energy_Alice_Jones.doc).
Introduction
1. What was the purpose of the experiment?
Type your answer here:
2. What were the independent, dependent, and control variables in your investigation? Describe the variables for the first part of the experiment.
Type your answer here:
The purpose of the experiment conducted in Lab Report 1 was to investigate the effects of different levels of light on plant growth. Specifically, the experiment aimed to determine if plants exposed to different levels of light will grow at different rates.
In terms of variables, the independent variable in the investigation was the amount of light exposure, which was manipulated by placing the plants under different levels of light.
The dependent variable was the growth of the plants, which was measured by recording the height of each plant at specific intervals throughout the experiment. The control variable in this investigation was the type of plant used and the conditions under which they were grown, such as the amount of water and soil used.
In the first part of the experiment, the variables remained the same as described above. However, the independent variable was divided into three levels: low light, moderate light, and high light. The plants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups and placed under the corresponding light conditions.
The growth of the plants in each group was then recorded and compared to determine if there was a significant difference in growth rates between the groups.
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what average force is required to stop a 910 kg car in 8.8 s if the car is traveling at 87 km/h ?
The average force is required to stop a 910 kg car in 8.8 s if the car is traveling at 87 km/h is -2502.5 N
To find the average force required to stop a car, we can use Newton's second law of motion, which states that the force acting on an object is equal to its mass multiplied by its acceleration:
F = m * a
In this case, we need to find the acceleration (a) of the car. We can use the following kinematic equation:
v = u + a * t
Where:
v is the final velocity (which is 0 m/s as the car comes to a stop),
u is the initial velocity (which is 87 km/h converted to m/s),
a is the acceleration, and
t is the time taken to stop the car (8.8 s).
Converting the initial velocity from km/h to m/s:
u = 87 km/h * (1000 m/3600 s) = 24.17 m/s
Using the kinematic equation, we can solve for the acceleration:
0 = 24.17 m/s + a * 8.8 s
Rearranging the equation to solve for the acceleration:
a = -24.17 m/s / 8.8 s ≈ -2.75 m/s²
The negative sign indicates that the acceleration is in the opposite direction to the initial velocity since the car is coming to a stop.
Now, we can calculate the average force required to stop the car using Newton's second law:
F = m * a
Substituting the given mass of the car (m = 910 kg) and the calculated acceleration (a ≈ -2.75 m/s²):
F = 910 kg * (-2.75 m/s²)
F ≈ -2502.5 N
The average force required to stop the car is approximately -2502.5 N. The negative sign indicates that the force acts in the opposite direction to the motion of the car.
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A 400-w computer (computer plus monitor) is turned on 8.0 hours per day. if electricity costs 10 cents per kwh, how much does it cost to run the computer annually?
It would cost $116.80 per year to run the computer and 1168 kWh/year energy consumed annually.
First, we need to calculate the energy consumed by the computer in 8 hours:
Power (in kilowatts) = 400 W / 1000 = 0.4 kW
Energy consumed in 8 hours = Power x Time = 0.4 kW x 8 hours = 3.2 kWh
Next, we can calculate the energy consumed annually:
Energy consumed annually = Energy consumed in 8 hours x Number of 8-hour periods in a year
Energy consumed annually = 3.2 kWh/day x 365 days/year = 1168 kWh/year
Finally, we can calculate the cost to run the computer annually:
Cost = Energy consumed x Cost per kWh
Cost = 1168 kWh/year x $0.10/kWh = $116.80/year
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consider the photoproduction of kaons in the center of mass. what is the minimum momentum required for this reaction to go in the center of mass?
The minimum momentum of the photon required for the photoproduction of kaons in the center of mass is approximately 570 MeV/c.
The minimum momentum required for the photoproduction of kaons in the center of mass can be determined using the conservation of energy and momentum. In this reaction, a photon collides with a proton to produce a kaon and a residual nucleus. Assuming that the proton is initially at rest, the minimum momentum of the photon required for this reaction to go in the center of mass can be calculated using the energy-momentum relation: E^2 = p^2c^2 + m^2c^4
where E is the energy of the photon, p is its momentum, c is the speed of light, and m is the rest mass of the proton. The energy of the photon required to produce a kaon with a mass of approximately 500 MeV/c^2 can be estimated as follows: E = m(K) + m(p) - m(nucleus)
Assuming that the residual nucleus has a mass equal to that of the original proton, we get:
E = 500 + 938 - 938 = 500 MeV
Substituting this value of E into the energy-momentum relation and solving for p, we get:
p = sqrt(E^2/c^2 - m^2c^2) = 570 MeV/c
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observationally, how can we decide which of the four general expansion models best describes the present-day universe?
We can choose which of the four general expansion models best describes the current universe by observational analysis of precise measurements of the distances between galaxies.
The most effective method of observation is to precisely measure the separations between galaxies. White dwarf supernovae are the ideal standard candles for such observations at such distances.
Everything in the cosmos was compressed into a singularity, a point of infinite heat and density, around 13.7 billion years ago. Our cosmos suddenly began to expand explosively, expanding faster than the speed of light.
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what is the peak current if the inductance l is doubled? express your answer with the appropriate units.
The peak current will decrease if the inductance is doubled. This is because of the equation V = L di/dt, where V is the voltage applied to the inductor, L is the inductance, di/dt is the rate of change of current. If L is doubled, then the rate of change of current will be halved for a given voltage, which means that the peak current will also be halved. Therefore, the peak current is inversely proportional to the inductance. The units for peak current are amperes (A).
We need to consider the equation for the current in an inductor:
I = V * t / L
where I is the current, V is the voltage, t is time, and L is the inductance.
Now, let's double the inductance, making it 2L:
I' = V * t / (2L)
Comparing the two equations, we can see that the new current (I') will be half of the original current:
I' = I / 2
So, the peak current when the inductance is doubled will be half of the original peak current. Make sure to use the appropriate units for current, which is typically Amperes (A).
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For steam at 500 degree C and 10 MPa, using the Mollier diagram, a. Compute the Joule-Thomson coefficient mu = (partial differential T/partial differential P)s. b. Compute the coefficient k_S = (partial differential T/partial differential P)s.
The Joule-Thomson coefficient (mu) and the coefficient k_S are approximately 0.72 K/MPa and -0.67 K/MPa, respectively.
To determine the coefficients using the Mollier diagram, follow these steps:
1. Locate the point on the diagram corresponding to 500°C and 10 MPa.
2. Identify the isenthalpic curve passing through this point.
3. Calculate the slope of this curve at the given point (mu = (∂T/∂P)s).
4. Identify the isentropic curve passing through the point.
5. Calculate the slope of this curve at the given point (k_S = (∂T/∂P)s).
By following these steps, you can estimate the values of the Joule-Thomson coefficient (mu) and the coefficient k_S using the Mollier diagram.
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