Entropy has been defined as the unavailable energy for the thermodynamic system. The total change in the entropy of the reservoir with 400 J energy is 0.15 J/K.
What is the entropy change?Entropy change has been the measure of the energy that got dispersed in the thermodynamic system. The change in energy and the change in temperature are used to give the entropy change.
Given,
Heat transferred (ΔQ) = 400 Joules
Temperature of hot reservoir (Th) = 30°C (30 +273) = 303K
The temperature of the cold reservoir (Tc) = 0°C (273K)
Using ΔS = Q ÷ T as:
For hot resorvoir:
ΔShot = - 400 ÷ 303
ΔShot = - 1.32 J/K
For cold reservoir:
ΔScold = 400 ÷ 273
ΔScold = 1.47 J/K
Total change in entropy (ΔStotal) is given as:
ΔStotal = ΔShot + ΔScold
= - 1.32 + 1.47
= 0.15 J/K
Therefore, 0.15 J/K is the change in the entropy of the reservoir when heat is transferred from hot to cold.
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How many electrons are there in a fluorine
(F) atom?
Answer: depends on the charge.
Explanation:
Let's say you have 9 protons and a charge of -2. Your amount of electrons would be 2 larger than that of your protons. The more electrons, the more negatively charged your atom is.
If there is no charge given or electrons listed, your number of protons (atomic number) will be the same as your number of electrons. In this case, there are 9 protons and 9 electrons.
This might not help, but if you're given no information about charge or electrons, your charge is 0 and you're automatically forced to assume that your number of protons is equal to that of your amount of electrons.
. How would you separate a mixture of wood powders, iron powders, aluminum powders, and salts?
Explanation:
For those who like to step beyond the challenge, the mass of the materials could be measured to check the methodology. Prior to separating the mixture, measure the mass of the total mixture. After separating and drying all the materials, measure the mass of each material. Add the three masses together. The total should equal the initial mass if all materials were recaptured during the separation process.
Iron particles will be drawn towards a magnet when one is used. In this manner, aluminum powder and iron powder can be separated. Due to the fact that iron is magnetic but the other three are not.
Magnets are used in magnetic separation, a waste management technique, to remove metal from the trash. As the materials are gathered together and segregated before processing, this is most frequently seen in single and mixed streams of recycling.
This method can be used to eliminate unwanted metals from products. All materials are kept pure by it. Recycling facilities frequently use magnetic separation to isolate metals, purify ores, and separate components from recycling.
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Why is it important for an organism to have both strong bonds (covalent and ionic) and weak interactions (van der Waals forces)?
Both strong bonds (covalent and ionic) and weak interactions (van der Waals forces) are important in the function of chemical molecules in an organism.
What are the interactions in living organisms?Now we know that organisms have various kinds of chemical interaction within them. These different kinds of interactions are responsible for the diverse properties we see in the organisms.'
Let us take the DNA molecule for instance, the atoms that compose the bases in the DNA molecule are all held together by covalent interactions. These are strong bonds.
On the other hand, the secondary structure of the DNA molecule owes to the hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces that occur between the complimentary base pairs that we find in the DNA molecule.
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if a heat sink has a temperature of 25°c, what is the change in entropy of the heat sink when 4000 j of heat energy is added to it? (1 point)
If a heat sink has a temperature of 25°C, the change in entropy of the heat sink when 4000J of heat energy is added to it is 13.42J/K.
How to calculate entropy?Entropy is the measure of the amount of energy in a physical system that cannot be used to do work.
The change in entropy, denoted by ∆S, can be calculated using the following formula:
∆S = Q/T
Where;
∆S = change in entropyQ = heat energy (J)T = temperature (K)According to this question, a heat sink has a temperature of 25°C, the heat temperature when 4000J of heat energy is added can be calculated as follows:
∆S = 4000J ÷ (25 + 273)
∆S = 4000J ÷ 298K
∆S = 13.42J/K
Therefore, if a heat sink has a temperature of 25°C, the change in entropy of the heat sink when 4000J of heat energy is added to it is 13.42J/K.
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If i titrated 2g of a NaHCo3+NaCo3 mixture with 1.0 Hcl how can I calculate for the percent composition of NaHCo3/NaCo3 in the mixture
The percentage composition of [tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex] in the mixture on titration with mixture with 1.0 HCl is 26.5%
What is Titration ?
"The process of calculating the quantity of a substance A by adding measured increments of substance B, the titrant, with which it reacts until exact chemical equivalency is obtained (the equivalence point)" is the definition of titration.
However, redox titration and acid-base titration are the two most typical titration types used in quantitative chemical analysis.
Titration Methods:Titrations of acid and base.oxidative titrationsTitrations of precipitationTitrations using complex metrics[tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex] + HCl → NaCl + [tex]H_{2} O[/tex] + [tex]CO_{2}[/tex]
( 23+1+12+48 ) (1+35.5)
=84 g =36.5g
HCl consumed when used with [tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{36.5}{84}[/tex] x 0.63
= 0.2737 g
HCl in millimoles used with the mixture that is given by the equation;
= molarity x Volume in mL
[tex]\frac{1}{10}[/tex] x 150 =15
HCl weight consumed with the mixture is given by the equation;
= millimoles x mol.wt x [tex]10^{-3}[/tex]
= 15 x [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] x 36.5
= 0.5475g
So, the total HCl = HCl consumed when used with [tex]Na_{2} CO_{3}[/tex] + HCl consumed when used with [tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex] .
0.5475 = [tex]\frac{75}{106}[/tex] X y + 0.2737
y = 0.3975
percentage of [tex]Na_{2} CO_{3}[/tex] in the mixture:
=[tex]\frac{0.3975}{15}[/tex] x 100
= 26.5%
Hence, The percentage composition of [tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex] in the mixture on titration with mixture with 1.0 HCl is 26.5%.
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Write the number of significant figures
Answer:
52. 3
53. 2
54. 2
55. 5
Not sure what the line is on number 54, but I think the answer is 2.
why is direct nucleophilic substitution of an alkyl halide with nh3 not a very useful method for preparing primary amines?
This is so because extra 2° and 3° alkyl amine can be created by the nucleophilic action of the primary amine that is formed by ammonolysis.
Ammonia reacts as nucleophile with alkyl halides to give primary amines in neuclophilic substitution reaction. The primary amine produced can also interact with the alkyl halide to produce a disubstituted amine, which can then interact with another substance to produce a trisubstituted amine.Yield is often poor because primary amine R-NH2 itself is a nuclophile and can react with more alkyl halides. So the result or product obtained contain secondary, tertiary, quaternary ammonium salts. we can avoid this problem by using excess amount of ammonia in the reaction.Alkylation of ammonia results in a variety of compounds as a result. Therefore, it cannot be considered as very useful method for preparing Primary amines.
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Why do we need to learn the proper way of writing and naming chemical compounds?
Answer:
To ensure that a spoken or written chemical name leaves no uncertainty concerning which chemical compound the name refers to
Andrew Huston states:
"Without the naming of compounds, we have no idea what we’re dealing with unless if you opt to state the chemical formula. Furthermore, a systematic way of naming compounds allows us to know more about the molecular structure and categorization just by the addition of a few suffixes/infixes/prefixes"
Explain how animals affect the water cycle as the breathe
Animals contribute to the water cycle mainly through breathing perspiration and the excretion of waste. Animals release water vapor when they exhale which contributes to the water vapor in the atmosphere. Sweat is also released through the pores which then evaporates to help cool their body down. Water is also excreted through urination as well as in their solid waste.
The position of animals within the water cycle is they launch water vapor once they exhale. explanation The water cycle suggests the non-stop motion of water within the earth and ecosystem. Liquid water evaporates into water vapor, condenses to shape clouds, and precipitates lower back to earth as rain and snow. Excretion is an essential part of the water cycle because it contributes to the quantity of water vapor in the air.
Humans and most animals excrete water by sweating, urinating, or defecating. The water molecules in those wastes can also evaporate and be a part of the water vapor suspended within the environment. cellular breathing performs a position inside the water cycle because it makes molecules of water from glucose and oxygen. The hydrogen inside the water molecule comes to form the glucose molecule, C6H12O6, even as the oxygen inside the water molecule comes from the oxygen fuel atom.
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Can someone PLEASE write a poem about the Female reproductive system with 10 stanzas
determine whether each description describes fat-soluble or water-soluble vitamins. not all descriptors will be used.
Vitamins are one of the six classes of food.
What are vitamins?Vitamins are one of the six classes of food. Some of the vitamins could be dissolved in water while some can not be dissolved in water. The vitamins that could dissolve in water are called water soluble vitamins while the vitamins that could only dissolve in fat are called fat soluble vitamins.
Now let us classify the vitamins based on description;
Fat soluble vitamins;
Vitamins that travel with dietary fats through the bloodstream Vitamin that provide 2 kcals per gram Vitamins A, D, E.&KVitamins that are converted to fat in the liverVitamins that are mostly stored in the liver and fatty tissuesWater soluble vitamins;
Vitamins that could be easily lost during food preparationVitamins that include B and CVitamins that are easily excreted form the bodyLearn more about vitamins:https://brainly.com/question/1165711
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to show the electron configuration for an atom, when would it be better to use an orbital notation than to use a written configuration with numbers, letters, and superscripts? when the aim is to use less space
The aim is to use less space while demonstrating the distribution of electrons in shells
If you want to depict how an atom's electrons are scattered across its subshells, an orbital notation is more suited.
This is due to the fact that some atoms have unique electronic configurations that are not readily apparent from textual configurations.
How does electron configuration work?
The placement of electrons in orbitals surrounding an atomic nucleus is known as electronic configuration, also known as electronic structure or electron configuration.
What sort of electron arrangement would that look like?For instance: You can see that oxygen contains 8 electrons on the periodic table. These 8 electrons would fill in the following order: 1s, 2s, and finally 2p, according to the aforementioned fill order. O 1s22s22p4 would be oxygen's electron configuration.learn more about electronic configuration here
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quizletbi/o life carcin/o cancer cardi/o heart chem/o chemical cis/o to cut dermat/o skin enter/o small intestine gastr/o
bi/o life carcin/o cancer cardi/o heart chem/o chemical cis/o to cut dermat/o skin enter/o small intestine gastr/o stomach
What is Stomach ?The J-shaped organ that digests food is the stomach. It generates acids and enzymes, which are molecules that cause chemical reactions (digestive juices). Food is broken down by this mixture of enzymes and digestive juices so that it may move to your small intestine. A portion of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract includes your stomach.
Storing food and releasing it to the intestines at a pace that allows the intestines to process it is the stomach's primary job. In order to expand the food's surface area in preparation for digestion, the stomach mixes and grinds the food into a finely split chyme.Learn more about Stomach here:
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select any and all processes that work by depositing powder layers and solidifying each layer with a laser.
Process that work by depositing powder layers solidifying each layer with a laser is selective laser sintering, direct metal laser sintering.
Direct metal laser sintering also called selective laser sintering is a type of metal additive manufacturing or 3D printing. selective laser sintering metal heat the metal powder until it fully melts into liquid but direct metal laser sintering does not melt the metal powder so in that direct metal laser sintering needed less energy.
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18.66 g of potassium react with water to produce potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. calculate the mass of potassium hydroxide produced.
The Total mass of potassium hydroxide produced is 26.76g
Potassium (K) has a mass of 18.66 g.
Potassium has a molar mass of 39.098 g/mol.
The mass molar mass of potassium (K) is 18.66 g per mole.
0.477 mol for 39.098 g/mol.
As a result, 0.477 mol of potassium (K) are involved in the water reaction.
This means that when 2 mol of K reacts with 2 mol of water, 2 mol of KOH is produced.
Therefore, 0.477 mol of KOH is produced when 0.477mol of K reacts with water.
As a result, 0.477 mol of potassium hydroxide (KOH) was generated in the given process.
KOH has a molar mass of 56.1056 g/mol.
KOH produced weighs (molar mass)×(molar number) = (0.477 mol)×(56.1056 g/mol) = 26.76g
26.76 grams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) were formed in the reaction as a result.
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This is the process of separating a solid from a liquid by means of a porous material.
FILTRATION is the process of removing or "straining" a solid (the chemical term is precipitate) from a liquid by the use of filter paper or other porous material.
The komodo dragon prefers to hunt by stealth, but can briefly run 6.5 miles for half an hour. What is the average speed in miles per hour?
The average speed in miles per hour, given the data is 13 miles per hour
What is speed?Speed is the distance travelled per unit. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
Speed = distance / time
What is average speed?This is the total distance travelled divided by the total time taken to cover the distance.
Average speed = total distance / total time
How to determine the average speedThe following data were obtained from the question:
Total distance = 6.5 mileTotal time = 1/2 hour = 0.5 hourAverage speed =?The average speed can be obtained as follow:
Average speed = total distance / total time
Average speed = 6.5 / 0.5
Average speed = 13 miles per hour
Thus, the average speed is 13 miles per hour
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Which type of
chemistry studies
non-carbon based
materials?
A. Analytical Chemistry
B. Organic Chemistry
C. Nuclear Chemistry
D. Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry is a type of chemistry studies non-carbon based materials
Organic chemistry is defined as the study of carbon-containing compounds, inorganic chemistry is the study of the remaining means not carbon-containing subset of compounds and inorganic chemistry focuses on structures that do not contain carbon and most commonly these structures include oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium and magnesium and inorganic chemistry also studies synthesis, reactions, structures and properties of compounds
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Answer:
in organic chemistry is the type of non carbon based materials.
Explanation: it is a study of behavior and properties of in organic compounds which includes metals, minerals , compounds.
The head of a pin is approximately 1 mm in diameter. The diameter of an atom is on the order of 2.5 × 10^-10
meters. Calculate how many atoms it would take to line up across the head of a
pin. Show your work.
Answer:
Q: how many atom can fit on the head of a pin? About five million million hydrogen atoms could fit.
Explanation:
(HURRY 20 A student scoops some ocean water into a cup. He claims that it is not a mixture, because he doesn't see different components in the cup. Explain to this student why the cup of ocean water IS a
mixture. Use the proper term (heterogeneous or homogeneous) to describe the mixture as part of your explanation.
The ocean water contains a mixture of salt and other larger impurities, as well as a mixture of several gases.
What is a mixture?A mixture is a material composed of two or more different chemical substances that are not chemically bonded.
The natural waters salt and other larger impurities, and even a variety of gases. This is classified as a heterogeneous mixture due to larger impurities, whereas some is classified as a homogeneous mixture due to a mixture of several gases and salt.
Thus, the mixture can be said to be heterogenous one.
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You have two pieces of jewelry. One of them is supposed to be pure silver. The first piece has a mass of
20.0 g and the other piece has a mass of 44.0 g. Both pieces displace 4.0 mL of water. Silver has a density
of 10.5 g/cm³. Which piece is actually silver?
The silver piece with mass of 44.0 g is an actual silver.
What is mass?A mass can be defined as a dimensionless quantity representing the amount of matter in a particle or object. The SI unit of mass is kg.
A density is defined as the measurement of how tightly a material is packed together.
To calculate the purity of silver first we have to calculate density of both the silver.
4.0 ml = 4.0 cm3
Density of 20.0 g silver = 20.0g/4.0 cm3 = 5.0 g/ cm3
Density of 44.0 g silver = 44.0g/4.0 cm3 = 11.0 g/ cm3
Thus, the density of 44.0 g of silver is near to density of pure silver hence, 44.0 g of silver is a pure silver.
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The label on the car's antifreeze container claims to protect the car between -30°C and 130°C. To covert Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit temperature, the formula C=5/9(F-32). Write a compound inequality to determine the Fahrenheit temperature range at which the antifreeze protects the car.
The compound inequality to determine the Fahrenheit temperature range at which the antifreeze protects the car would be as follows
−30 < 5/9 (F − 32) < 130 or −22 < F < 266
Let us assume that the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit, up to which the antifreeze protects the car is represented by F.
It is given in the question that the formula to convert Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit temperature is,
C = 5/9(F-32), where C is the temperature in Degrees Celcius at which the antifreeze protects the car.
According to the question, C must be between -30°C and 130°C.
-30 < C' < -130
Put in the values, we get
-30 < 5/9(F-32) < -130
Now C = 5/9(F-32)
So, F - 32 = 9/5C
F = 9/5C+ 32
Thus, -30° in degree Fahrenheit = 9/5(-30) +32 = -54 + 32 = -22
And, 130° in degree Fahrenheit = 9/5(130) +32 = 234 + 32 = 266
Therefore, -30 < 5/9(F-32) < -130 and also be written as −22 < F < 266.
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washing soda is a hydrate of sodium carbonate. its formula is na2co3. x h2o. a 2.714 g sample of washing soda is heated until a constant mass of 1.006 g of na2co3 is reached. what is the value of x in the formula?
Washing soda is a hydrate of sodium carbonate. its formula is na2co3. x h2o. Here, the value of x in the formula is 10.
We are given that:
Mass of washing soda = 2.714g
Molar mass of Na2CO3 = 105.98 g/mol
The molar mass of washing soda = (105.98 + 18x) g/mol
Solution:
The chemical equation is given below:
Na2CO3.H2Ox -------> Na2CO3 + xH2O
1 mole of Na2CO3 produces 1 mole of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and x moles of water.
Now number of moles of Na2CO3 = (1.006 / 105.98) = 0.009492 moles
The number of moles of washing soda is equal to the number of moles of Sodium carbonate formed i.e. 0.009492 moles
Now
2.714 / 105.98 + 18x = 0.009294
x = 10.11
x = 10
The value of x in the formula is 10.
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Why does an object such as a cannonball appear to fall toward Earth, rather
than Earth falling toward the cannonball?
A. The force of gravity acting on the cannonball is greater than the
force of gravity acting on Earth.
OB. Earth has a large radius, so the distance from the center of the
Earth to the cannonball is greater than the distance from the
cannonball to Earth.
C. The force of gravity acting on Earth is greater than the force of
gravity acting on the cannonball.
OD. Earth has a much greater mass than the cannonball, so the same
amount of force acting on Earth results in much less acceleration.
The force of gravity acting on Earth is greater than the force of gravity acting on the cannonball. Option C is correct.
This is because according to Newton's third law of motion, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. When the cannonball is released or fired, it experiences a force of gravity pulling it towards Earth. However, Earth also experiences an equal and opposite force of gravity pulling it towards the cannonball.
Since Earth has a much greater mass than the cannonball, the force of gravity acting on it is much stronger than the force acting on the cannonball. Therefore, the cannonball appears to fall towards Earth, while Earth remains relatively stationary. Option C is correct.
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GUYS PLEASE HELP. I HAVE THIS AS ONE OF MY TEST THING AND ITS FOR 100 POINTS. ILL COPY AND PASTE IT.
Question: Prior to an investigation on the human body, students predict how new cells are created. According to cell theory, which students prediction is correct
Responses
A. Humans are born with all the cells they will ever need. The cell grow and develop but are not replaced
B. New cells are created from nutrients in the food we eat, such as calcium
C. New cells are created from existing cells
D, New cells are created by the reproductive system to replace cells that wear out
Answer:
D, New cells are created by the reproductive system to replace cells that wear out
Explanation:
Because The cells are going through cell division from mitosis causing new cell to form
Calculate density
Mass = 23.6 g
Volume = 30.0 cm³
Answer:
Determine the weight of an object. For example, a glass of water weights 200 grams net (not including the glass).
Find out the volume of an object. In our example, it's 200 cm3 .
Divide weight by volume. 200 g / 200 cm3 = 1 g/cm3
Optionally, change the unit.
Explanation:
question 11 use the internet to look up the sds for 2.0 m sodium hydroxide, naoh, to answer the following questions: a) list the potential acute and chronic health effects. b) identify the first aid measures for ingestion. c) identify whether or not it is flammable d) identify the chemicals that potentially produce a dangerous reaction with naoh. e) describe how to handle small spills and the personal protective required to work with naoh.
The compound is basic in nature but the concentration substance is corrosive.
What is NaOH?Sodium hydroxide is a compound that is formed from sodium and hydrogen as well as oxygen The compound is basic in nature but the concentration substance is corrosive.
a) The acute health effect of exposure to NaOH is skin burn while the chronic effect of exposure is damage to the lungs.
b) The first aid for the ingestion of NaOH is to take in plenty of water.
c) The compound is not flammable
d) The chemicals that could produce a dangerous reaction with NaOH are acids
e) To handle small spills, irrigate the affected area with plenty water and use lab coats, gloves and eye wear when working with the solution.
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When iron(III) oxide is heated in blast furnace with carbon monoxide, iron metal and carbon dioxide is produced. What is the mass of iron(III) oxide necessary (in grams) to form 750.0 kg of iron? How much carbon dioxide (in grams) is released in this process?
Answer:
Reaction of Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) with carbon monoxide (CO) to form iron (Fe) and carbon dioxide (CO2), is a redox reaction as both oxidation of carbon monoxide and reduction of iron is taking place. The equation can be written as: Fe2O3+3CO→2Fe+3CO2.
Explanation:
Upon combustion, a 1.2743 g sample of a compound containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen produces 3.2007 g CO2 and 0.9827 g H2O. Find the empirical formula of the compound.
The answer would be C8H12O2.
Here is the equation with masses :
1.2743 g CaHbOc + (3.2007 g + 0.9827 g - 1.2743 g) O2 ------> 0.9827 g H2O + 3.2007 g CO2
We are using 32.00 g/mol for O2
We are using 18.03 g/mol for H2O
We are using 44.01 g/mol for CO2
We don't know molecular mass of Hydrocarbon so we permit a,b and c to be any positive real number.
CaHbOc + 2.9091 g / 32.00 g/mol O2 ----> 0.9827 g/ 18.03 g/mol H2O + 3.2007 g/ 44.01 g/mol CO2
Now, calculate the above division
CaHbOc + (0.0909 mol) O2 -------> (0.0545 mol) H2O + (0.0727 mol) CO2
Matching coefficient we get
a = 0.0727
b = 2 * 0.0545 = 0.109
c = 0.0545 + 2*0.0727 - 2*0.0909
= 0.0181
Divide every number by 0.0181
a / 0.0181 = 0.0727/ 0.0181 = 4.01
b / 0.0181 = 0.109/0.0181 = 6.02
C / 0.0181 = 0.0181 / 0.0181 = 1
Multiply over number by 2
a = 4.01 * 2 = 8.02 ~ 8
b = 6.02 * 2 = 12.04 ~ 12
c = 1 * 2 = 2
Now putting these values we get C8H12O2.
The chemical name of the C8H12O2 is 2-Octynoic acid
Hence the empirical formula of the compound is C8H12O2.
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Help asap look at photo
According to Steno’s laws of Stratigraphy, the layers of rocks that are older according to the questions are A (Law of Cross-cutting relationships), D (Law of Cross-cutting relationships), D (Law of Original horizontality), J (Law of Superposition).
Geology and the Earth sciences have a discipline known as stratigraphy that focuses on layering (stratification) and rock layers (strata). It is mostly used towards the study of layered volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks.
Stratigraphy examines the origin, makeup, and spread of these rock layers in addition to their organization and succession. Therefore, evaluating Time and Space is essential for the investigation of archaeological and natural stratification.
The patterns of rock layer deposition are described by Steno's laws of stratigraphy. Laws of superposition, original horizontality, cross-cutting relationships, and lateral continuity are the four laws.
The oldest layer in a succession of sedimentary rock layers is at the bottom, and the layers get younger as they move up the sequence, according to the law of superposition, a key stratigraphic concept.
According to the Law of Original Horizontality, all rock strata were initially deposited horizontally and are therefore susceptible to deformation. This enables us to deduce that for the rocks to be slanted, something must have occurred to them. This comprises quakes, faulting, and mountain-building activities.
According to the Law of Crosscutting Relationships, any faults or other rock bodies that cut through other rocks must be younger in age than the rocks they cut and displace.
According to the Law of Lateral Continuity, all rock strata are laterally continuous but subject to disruption or displacement due to subsequent events. When a stream or river erodes a section of the rock strata, this can occur.
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