Why is it said that a limitation of CRISPR is that it cannot
currently be used to modify traits influenced by multiple genes?
Hint: Review quantitative vs. qualitative traits

The Nernst Equilibrium at room temperature is -78.5 mV and the membrane voltage using the following ion concentrations and permeabilities is 53.4 mV.

a) To calculate the Nernst Equilibrium (EK) at a temperature of 37°C, we can use the following equation:
Nernst Equilibrium, EK = -RT/zF ln([K]i/[K]o)

Where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol*K), T is the temperature in Kelvin (310.15 K), z is the valence of potassium (1), and F is the Faraday constant (96,500 C/mol).

Plugging in the given values, we get:
EK = -(8.314 J/mol*K)*(310.15 K)/(1)*(96,500 C/mol) ln(168/6) = -78.5 mV

b) To determine the membrane voltage (Vm), we need to use the GHK Constant Field equation, which is:
Vm = RT/F ln([K]o[Na]i + [Cl]i)/[K]i[Na]o + [Cl]o)
Where R, T, and F are the same as in the Nernst Equation.

Plugging in the given values, we get:
Vm = (8.314 J/mol*K)*(310.15 K)/(96,500 C/mol) ln((6*50 + 41)/(168*337 + 340)) = 53.4 mV

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The name of the process that occurs when there is too much nitrogen in a water body is eutrophication which leads to the increase of algae species, especially toxic algae, and also an increase in turbidity of the water.

The effects of the natural process of eutrophication in water are associated with an increase in biodiversity, especially of toxic algae, and also to an increase in turbidity which hampers photosynthesis.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the effects of eutrophication include an increase in toxic algae.

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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria can arise through different mechanisms. The most common way is through genetic mutations or the acquisition of resistance genes from other bacteria.

In the case of a nonpathogenic bacterium acquiring resistance, it can happen through horizontal gene transfer, where it receives a plasmid containing antibiotic resistance genes from another bacterium that has acquired it previously.

Once the nonpathogenic bacterium acquires the resistance gene, it can start producing enzymes that can break down the antibiotic or modify the antibiotic target, rendering it ineffective.

This results in the bacterium being able to survive and multiply in the presence of the antibiotic. If this resistance gene is then passed down to the bacterium's progeny, it can result in the emergence of a new resistant strain.

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False. The description provided in the question is of Cryptococcus neoformans, a type of fungus that is not common in the central nervous system (CNS), lungs, and lymph nodes.

This fungus is typically found in soil and bird droppings and can cause infections in people with weakened immune systems. It is characterized by a single, large, thick-walled yeast cell surrounded by a non-staining wide gelatinous capsule and may be seen budding. However, it is not common in the CNS, lungs, and lymph nodes.Cryptococcosis is caused by a fungus known as Cryptococcosis neoformans. The infection may be spread to humans through contact with pigeon droppings or unwashed raw fruit.

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Based on the data, it is possible that my hypothesis was supported. However, it is important to note that just because the data supports the hypothesis, it does not necessarily mean that the hypothesis is correct. Further investigation is needed to confirm or reject the hypothesis.

If my hypothesis was supported, the next step could be to investigate the relationship between the variables in more detail. For example, if my hypothesis was that increasing the amount of sunlight a plant receives will increase its growth rate, I could investigate the specific amount of sunlight that is optimal for the plant's growth.

If my hypothesis was not supported, a new hypothesis should be formulated based on the data. For example, if my hypothesis was that increasing the amount of sunlight a plant receives will increase its growth rate, but the data showed that the plant's growth rate decreased with increased sunlight, my new hypothesis could be that there is an optimal amount of sunlight for the plant's growth, and too much sunlight can actually hinder growth.

In both cases, further investigation and collection of data is necessary to support or reject the new hypothesis.

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The table shows the time it took for the methylene blue color change for four different milk samples.

For the first sample, the start time was 0 hours and the end time was 1 hour, with a time elapsed of 1 hour.

For the second sample, the start time was 1 hour and the end time was 3 hours, with a time elapsed of 2 hours.

For the third sample, the start time was 3 hours and the end time was 4 hours, with a time elapsed of 1 hour.

Lastly, for the fourth sample, the start time was 4 hours and the end time was 0 hours, with a time elapsed of 4 hours.

In summary, the table shows that the time required for the methylene blue color change varied for the different milk samples, with a maximum time elapsed of 4 hours and a minimum time elapsed of 1 hour.

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True. The catecholamine drug that is used for patients with asthma attacks, anaphylaxis, CPR, and simple glaucoma (pupil dilation) is called epinephrine (also known as adrenaline).

A neurotransmitter and hormone used to treat allergic reactions, restore heart rhythm, and manage conditions like asthma, glaucoma, and mucosal congestion. a catecholamine neurotransmitter used to treat hypotension, reduced cardiac output, hemodynamic imbalances, and poor organ perfusion.

This drug is a type of adrenergic agonist that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to effects such as increased heart rate, bronchodilation, and vasoconstriction. These effects can help to relieve the symptoms of asthma attacks and anaphylaxis, as well as to support the heart during CPR and to dilate the pupils for eye exams or procedures.

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Answer:

Explanation:

There is no inherent relationship between "ticking"/time and ancestry. "Ticking" or the passage of time is a universal experience that affects all individuals regardless of their ancestry or cultural background.

However, in some cultures, time may be viewed and experienced differently, and this can be influenced by factors such as history, religion, and social customs, which may in turn be related to ancestry. For example, some indigenous cultures may have a more cyclical view of time, where past, present, and future are interconnected and represented through cycles of nature. In contrast, Western cultures may have a more linear view of time, where time is seen as progressing forward in a straight line.

Ancestry, on the other hand, refers to one's familial or ethnic heritage, which can influence various aspects of an individual's life, including their physical traits, cultural practices, and social identity. An individual's ancestry may also be used to trace their family history over time, such as through genealogy research.

While there may not be a direct relationship between "ticking"/time and ancestry, an individual's experience of time and their understanding of their own personal history and cultural background may be influenced by their ancestry and cultural heritage.

(Please give brainlist)

In the mid 1980’s a dramatic increase in new tuberculosis cases, particularly in densely populated urban areas were largely due to a decline in healthcare infrastructure and the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the bacteria that causes tuberculosis and the spread of HIV/AIDS. Dental offices should implement infection control measures and patient education to prevent the resurgence of diseases such as TB.

The dramatic increase in new tuberculosis cases in the mid-1980's, particularly in densely populated urban areas, was due to the spread of HIV/AIDS. The weakened immune systems of individuals with HIV/AIDS made them more susceptible to developing active tuberculosis infections. In addition, the overcrowding and poor living conditions in urban areas facilitated the spread of the disease.

To prevent a resurgence of tuberculosis in dental offices, several measures can be taken.

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The dominant primary producers in an aquatic system can change over time due to a variety of factors including changes in nutrient availability, light intensity, temperature, and competition.

Changes in nutrient availability can affect the growth and survival of primary producers. For example, if there is an increase in nutrient availability, such as an increase in nitrogen or phosphorus, it can lead to an increase in the growth of primary producers, leading to a shift in the dominant species.

Changes in light intensity can also affect the growth of primary producers. If there is a decrease in light intensity, it can lead to a decrease in the growth of primary producers, leading to a shift in the dominant species.  

Changes in temperature can also affect the growth of primary producers. If there is an increase in temperature, it can lead to an increase in the growth of primary producers, leading to a shift in the dominant species.

Competition between primary producers can also lead to a shift in the dominant species. If one species is able to outcompete another species for resources, it can become the dominant species in the system.

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A. The consensus sequences of the bacterial promoter are -10 (TATAAT) and -35 (TTGACA).

B. The synthesised protein would have the sequence: Met-Ala-Pro-Pro-Ser-Asp-Asp-Trp-Arg-Val-Asn-Asn-Arg-Leu-Asp.

C.1. Insertion of 3 bases in the consensus sequence of the promoter would likely disrupt the binding of RNA polymerase and prevent transcription from occurring, leading to no protein being produced.

C.2. Deletion of 3 bases in the consensus sequence of the promoter would also likely disrupt the binding of RNA polymerase and prevent transcription from occurring, leading to no protein being produced.

C.3. Insertion of 1 base in the consensus sequence of the promoter may or may not disrupt the binding of RNA polymerase, depending on the location and identity of the inserted base.

C.4. Insertion of 1 base in the region between the transcription start site (+1) and the translation start sequence would likely result in a frameshift mutation, causing a change in the reading frame and potentially altering the amino acid sequence of the protein.

C.5. Genomic rearrangement involving an inversion of codons 3 to 5 would result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein, potentially altering its function.

The consensus sequences of the bacterial promoter are specific DNA sequences that are recognized by RNA polymerase during transcription initiation. The promoter region of a bacterial gene typically contains two important conserved sequences, -10 and -35, located upstream of the transcription start site.

These sequences help to position the RNA polymerase correctly for transcription initiation and are critical for efficient transcription of bacterial genes.

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The purpose of this lab exercise is to assess the general public's understanding and opinion about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) by conducting a survey of 10 individuals per group member.

The survey includes 10 questions, each with a scale of 1-5 for the individual to indicate their level of agreement or disagreement with the statement. After the surveys are completed, the data should be compiled into a chart showing the question number on the X axis and the number of individuals on the Y axis. The group leader should incorporate all the data into one chart, which will then be used for analysis by all group members. The group should then answer the questions at the end of the lab exercise as a group, with all members contributing to the answers. The goal of this lab exercise is to gain a better understanding of the general public's knowledge and opinion about GMOs, and to use this information to inform future discussions and decision-making about the use of GMOs.

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The final concentration of yeast in the reaction mixture is 0.8%.

To find the final concentration of yeast in the reaction mixture, we can use the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1 is the initial concentration of yeast, V1 is the initial volume of yeast, C2 is the final concentration of yeast, and V2 is the final volume of the reaction mixture.

C1 = 16% V1 = 0.5 mL C2 = unknown V2 = 10 mL

Plugging in the known values into the equation, we get:

(16%)(0.5 mL) = (C2)(10 mL)

Solving for C2, we get:

C2 = (16%)(0.5 mL) / (10 mL) = 0.8%

Therefore, the final concentration of yeast in the reaction mixture is 0.8%.

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Long-day plants and short-day plants are plants that flower at different points in the day based on the length of sunlight they are exposed to. Long-day plants flower when exposed to long periods of daylight, while short-day plants flower when exposed to short periods of daylight. They respond to photoperiod, the period of light to darkness in a 24-hour cycle.

Long-day plants will flower when the amount of daylight is greater than the amount of darkness in a given day, typically more than 12 hours of daylight. When the length of the day is shorter, the plant will not flower. Examples of long-day plants include spinach, rhubarb, and barley.
Short-day plants, on the other hand, require short periods of daylight in order to flower. They typically flower when there are 8-10 hours of daylight in a given day.
The length of the photoperiod affects the growth and flowering of the plants by controlling their flowering hormones. When exposed to the right photoperiod, the plants produce the hormones necessary for flowering.

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The fiber of the vastus medialis obliquus is shorter and more obliquely oriented and it helps to stabilize the petalla and improve efficiency of knee extension.

The vastus medialis, also known as the vastus internus or teardrop muscle, is an extensor muscle that extends the knee and is situated medially in the thigh. A member of the quadriceps muscle group is the vastus medialis. One of the four muscles in the front compartment of the thigh is the vastus medialis. Together with the other muscles that make up the quadriceps muscle, it is involved in knee extension. Correct patella tracking also benefits from the vastus medialis.

It has been proposed that the vastus medialis muscle is divided into two groups of fibres: the vastus medialis obliquus, which is shorter and more obliquely oriented, and the vastus medialis longus, which is long and relatively aligned with the quadriceps ligament.

The vastus medialis has a unique fiber orientation which is perpendicular to the long axis of the thigh, meaning that it lies in a vertical direction when in a relaxed state. This orientation serves to help stabilize the patella and improve the efficiency of knee extension.

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The given statement “Longus ColiConcentrically accelerates cervical flexion, lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotationEccentrically decelerates cervical extension, lateral flexion, and contralateral rotationIsometrically stabilizes the cervical spine” is true because the Longus Coli is a muscle located in the cervical spine that plays a crucial role in the movement and stabilization of the neck.

It is responsible for the following actions:
- Concentrically accelerates cervical flexion, lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotation: This means that the Longus Coli is actively contracting to produce these movements in the cervical spine.

- Eccentrically decelerates cervical extension, lateral flexion, and contralateral rotation: This means that the Longus Coli is actively lengthening to control or slow down these movements in the cervical spine.

- Isometrically stabilizes the cervical spine: This means that the Longus Coli is actively contracting without any change in length to maintain stability in the cervical spine.

Overall, the Longus Coli plays a crucial role in the movement and stabilization of the cervical spine, making it an important muscle to consider in the assessment and treatment of neck pain and dysfunction.

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Knowing the Gram stain of a bacterial infection can help guide treatment decisions.

 Conjugation in bacteria is a form of horizontal gene transfer, in which genetic material is transferred from one bacterium to another through a structure called a pilus. This allows for the spread of antibiotic resistance and other traits between bacteria.

Replication in bacteria is a form of vertical gene transfer, in which a bacterium replicates its genetic material and divides into two daughter cells. This allows for the rapid growth and spread of bacterial populations.

Gram's stain is a technique used to differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is based on the chemical properties of the bacterial cell wall.

Gram's stain is used in identifying bacteria by allowing for the differentiation between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This is important because different types of bacteria require different treatments. For example, Gram-positive bacteria are generally more susceptible to antibiotics than Gram-negative bacteria.

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The exponential function for bacterial growth is N(t) = N₀e^(rt),

The exponential function is N(t) = N₀e^(rt);

N(t) is the number of bacteria at time t

N₀ is the initial number of bacteria

e is the mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.718

r is the growth rate

t is time.

This formula describes the exponential increase in the number of bacteria over time, assuming unlimited resources for growth. The growth rate, r, is a constant that depends on the specific bacteria and growth conditions. This formula is used in microbiology and related fields to model and predict bacterial growth.

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2. The depth measurement is 0.1 mm.3)10  squares you need to count to have a volume of 1 mm3. 4). The dilution for this sample is not ok, as the ideal range for WBC count on a hemacytometer is 30-50 WBC per area.

2. The depth measurement for the hemacytometer is 0.1 mm.
3. To have a volume of 1 mm3, you need to count 10 squares. This is because each square on the hemacytometer has a volume of 0.1 mm3, so 10 squares x 0.1 mm3 = 1 mm3.
4. The dilution for this sample is not ok, as the ideal range for WBC count on a hemacytometer is 30-50 WBC per area. Therefore, you should perform a dilution and refill the hemacytometer. A 1:10 dilution (1 part sample to 9 parts diluent) would be appropriate to bring the WBC count into the ideal range.

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A venipuncture system is a closed collection system composed of a multi-sample needle, tube holder, and evacuated tubes, which prevents exposure to contaminants.

The multi-sample needle, tube holder, and evacuated tubes make up the venipuncture system. To avoid exposure to pollutants during the blood collection procedure, it is a closed collection system.

The vein is punctured with a multi-sample needle, and blood is drawn into evacuated tubes using a tube holder that is attached to the needle. As these tubes are vacuum-filled, blood may be drawn into them without the use of extra suction.

The obtained blood samples are kept intact and the possibility of contamination is reduced thanks to the closed system.

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Channel proteins are transmembrane proteins that assist in the movement of substances across cell membranes.

These channels form aqueous pores across the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane and allow small, water-soluble molecules to pass through them.

A channel protein is a protein that spans the cell membrane and helps to regulate the flow of molecules across it. These proteins, which are also known as ion channels, act as selective gates to allow the passage of ions, water, and other small molecules down their concentration gradient, in response to a variety of stimuli.

They are found in various cells of the human body, including nerve cells, muscle cells, and cells of the digestive system, and they play an important role in the transmission of information and the regulation of cellular processes. Channel proteins can be activated by a variety of stimuli, including voltage changes, chemical signals, and mechanical force.

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To study cultural diversity/differences between human societies that drive evolution and change, some methods that can be used are fieldwork, ethnography, documentary research and archival analysis, interviews, polls, and surveys.

Fieldwork is a type of research where researchers immerse themselves in the community they are studying. They observe and record people's behavior, beliefs, customs, and practices over a long period of time. Ethnography is the written account of this research, this method provides first-hand information about cultural diversity, enabling a better understanding of its causes and implications. Fieldwork and ethnography can be expensive, and the logistics can be challenging, but the data gathered can be invaluable.

Documentary research and archival analysis involve the study of existing documents, such as newspapers, government records, diaries, or literary works, to uncover information about different societies. This method helps to understand the cultural differences between societies that drive evolution and change. It can be done remotely and is relatively inexpensive. However, the validity and accuracy of the information gathered depend on the reliability and quality of the sources used.

Interviews, polls, and surveys are methods of gathering information from people. They can be used to study cultural diversity by asking people about their beliefs, customs, and practices, this method can be relatively easy and inexpensive. However, the accuracy of the information gathered depends on the quality of the questions asked and the sample of people surveyed. In conclusion, to study cultural diversity/differences between human societies that drive evolution and change, methods such as fieldwork and ethnography, documentary research and archival analysis, and interviews, polls, and surveys can be used. The choice of method depends on the research question, logistics, materials available, and the level of detail required.

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You could use methods such as conducting interviews, polls, or surveys to gather data on the topic. You could also use a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, such as analyzing written materials, journals, books, and artifacts.

Additionally, you could observe behavior in different societies and draw conclusions based on the observations. When conducting your research, make sure to consider the logistics such as when and where to conduct the study and how long it should take. Lastly, having the appropriate materials such as writing utensils and recording devices is essential for successful data collection.

Participant observation is a research method used in anthropology, sociology, and other social sciences. It involves observing and participating in the activities of the people being studied, in order to understand their culture, beliefs, and behaviors.

This method can be used to study a wide range of phenomena, from everyday life to rituals, festivals, and ceremonies.What are surveys, interviews, and polls?Surveys, interviews, and polls are methods used to gather data from a sample of people. Surveys typically involve asking questions to a large group of people, either face-to-face, by telephone, or online. Interviews involve asking open-ended questions to a smaller group of people, in order to gather detailed information about their experiences and perspectives. Polls are similar to surveys, but they usually focus on a specific question or issue, and are often used to gauge public opinion about political or social issues.

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Answer:

Your answer is: A. afarensis and P. robustus

Explanation:

Answer:

They can be replanted.

Explanation:

Something that can be renewed is something that can be used over and over again without ever running out

Answer:

b

Explanation:

The classes of the Baltimore classification system that use the host mechanisms for replication are Class I, Class II, and Class III.

Class I viruses, also known as double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, use the host's DNA polymerase to replicate their genome.

Class II viruses, also known as single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses, also use the host's DNA polymerase to replicate their genome, but they first need to convert their single-stranded DNA into double-stranded DNA.

Class III viruses, also known as double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses, use the host's RNA polymerase to replicate their genome.

In contrast, Class IV and Class V viruses, which are single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses, use their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for replication. Class VI and Class VII viruses, which are retroviruses, use reverse transcriptase to replicate their genome.

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The first organism to have a heart was most likely an early ancestor of modern-day worms and mollusks.

This organism came into existence around 550 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion, a period of rapid evolution and diversification of life.

The heart evolved in this organism as a means of efficiently circulating oxygen and nutrients throughout its body. Prior to the evolution of the heart, organisms relied on simple diffusion for these processes, which limited their size and complexity.
It is believed that the first heart evolved from a simple contractile vessel that pumped blood in a single direction. Over time, this structure became more complex and developed into the multi-chambered hearts seen in modern-day organisms.

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During cellular respiration, the body breaks down fat and converts it into usable energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

The process of breaking down fat involves a series of chemical reactions that release energy in the form of heat and produce carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. These byproducts are then expelled from the body through breathing, sweating, and urination.

Therefore, the weight loss experienced by your friend can be explained by the fact that the fat was broken down into usable energy, and the byproducts of this process were expelled from the body. Essentially, the weight was lost through the release of carbon dioxide and water.

In conclusion, cellular respiration is the process by which the body converts fat into usable energy and releases byproducts, which are then expelled from the body. This process can explain the weight loss experienced by your friend, as the fat was broken down and the byproducts were released from the body.

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All of the options listed are likely to play a role in determining the amount of a specific protein present in a cell.

The transport of the mRNA for the specific protein from the nucleus to the cytosol is important because it determines how much of the mRNA is available for translation into protein in the cytosol.

The processing of the primary RNA for the specific protein is also important because it determines how much of the RNA is available for translation into protein. Processing includes steps such as splicing, which removes introns and joins exons together, and the addition of a 5' cap and a 3' poly-A tail, which help protect the RNA from degradation and promote translation.

The rate of transcription of the gene for the specific protein is important because it determines how much mRNA is produced in the first place. The more mRNA that is produced, the more protein can potentially be made.

The half-life of the specific protein in the cytosol is important because it determines how long the protein will be present in the cell before it is degraded. The longer the half-life, the more protein will be present in the cell at any given time.

Overall, all of these factors play a role in determining the amount of a specific protein present in a cell.

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1. The genotypes of all individuals in the pedigree using the symbols A and a when can’t determine whether an individual is heterozygous or homozygous dominant are

2. The probability that the child of Maria and Adam will be affected is 50%.

The genotype of Adam is not provided in the given pedigree, therefore, we cannot determine whether he is homozygous dominant or heterozygous dominant. However, we know that Maria is heterozygous dominant (Aa).

If Adam is homozygous dominant, his genotype will be AA. Therefore, the genotype of the child of Maria and Adam will be Aa, and the child will be unaffected. If Adam is heterozygous dominant (Aa), there is a 50% chance that he will pass the recessive allele to the child. Therefore, the genotype of the child of Maria and Adam will be aa, and the child will be affected.

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