Central banks trust gold for several reasons: as a store of value, as a reserve asset, and as a hedge against inflation.
What is gold?Gold is a valuable commodity with a long history of being used as money and a store of value. Governments and central banks have held gold as a reserve asset for centuries because it is a reliable and long-lasting store of value. Gold is also widely regarded as a hedge against inflation, meaning that its value tends to rise as the purchasing power of paper currencies declines.The history of gold as a reserve asset goes back to the gold standard, which was a monetary system used by many countries in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Under the gold standard, a country's currency was directly convertible into gold at a fixed exchange rate. This system helped to stabilize international trade and investment, as well as to prevent excessive inflation and financial instability.Today, most countries use a system of fiat money, in which a currency's value is not tied to any physical commodity, such as gold or silver.
In times of economic uncertainty or financial instability, gold is often seen as a safe haven asset that can help to protect a country's reserves and provide stability to its currency.
Furthermore, central banks trust gold for its rarity and scarcity, which ensures its enduring value and prevents the market from being flooded with excess supply.
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Peter and Annabelle Tax Info 2021 Personal Info Peter and Annabelle Banks are married and file jointly They live at 100 University Avenue, Americus, Georgia 30061 Their daughter Julie was born in 2021. The SSNs for Peter, Annabelle, and Julie 111-22-333, 444-55-666, and 777-88-999, respectively. They both work, and their W-2 info is shown below (including the Federal and State withholding amount They claimed the standard deduction on their tax return They both received the appropriate amounts in the coronavirus recovery rebates (economic impact payme and related questions about this can be ignored. Instructions Complete all federal tax return forms required for Peter and Annabelle. Use the pdf forms found in Geor; for your tax class. If possible combine them into one file and attach them to the assignment dropbox. This is an individual assignment. All work should be your own. Tax Information Federal Income Fed State Wages Annabelle - Piedmont Health 45,000.00 4,700.00 2,200.00 Peter - Snickers 60,000.00 6,650.00 3,000.00 105,000.00 11,350.00 5,200.00 Interest Bank of America - Peter 65.00 Bank of America - Annabelle 75.00 City of Americus general purpose bond interest 300.00 Qualified Dividends Fidelity 700.00 Capital Gain Distribution Fidelity 700.00 Gift to Peter from his parents 10,000.00
Their total tax liability is $17,472.78 (Federal) + $3,931.72 (Georgia) = $21,404.50.
Peter and Annabelle Banks live at 100 University Avenue, Americus, Georgia 30061, are married, and file jointly. Their SSNs are 111-22-333, 444-55-666, and 777-88-999 for Peter, Annabelle, and Julie, respectively. They both work and have a daughter named Julie. Below are their W-2 information, including the Federal and State withholding amounts.
Federal Income Fed State Wages
Annabelle - Piedmont Health $45,000.00 $4,700.00 $2,200.00
Peter - Snickers $60,000.00 $6,650.00 $3,000.00
Total $105,000.00 $11,350.00 $5,200.00
Interest Bank of America - Peter $65.00
Bank of America - Annabelle $75.00
City of Americus general purpose bond interest $300.00
Total $440.00
Qualified Dividends Fidelity $700.00
Capital Gain Distribution Fidelity $700.00
Gift to Peter from his parents $10,000.00
Calculation of tax liability follows.
Adjusted Gross Income (AGI)
Wages $105,000.00
Interest $440.00
Dividend $700.00
Capital Gain Distribution $700.00
Total $106,840.00
Adjustments to income
IRA Contributions $0.00
Total Adjustments to income $0.00
Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) $106,840.00
Deductions and Exemptions
Standard Deductions $25,100.00
Personal Exemptions $4,800.00
Total Deductions and Exemptions $29,900.00
Taxable Income
AGI $106,840.00
Less: Deductions and Exemptions $29,900.00
Taxable Income $76,940.00
Tax liability
Federal Income Tax on taxable income up to $40,400.00 $5,504.00
Federal Income Tax on taxable income between $40,401.00 and $86,350.00 ($76,940.00 - $40,401.00) x 0.22 $11,968.78
Federal Income Tax on taxable income between $86,351.00 and $164,900.00 $0.00
Federal Income Tax on taxable income above $164,900.00 $0.00
Total Federal Income Tax Liability $17,472.78
Georgia Income Tax Liability
Georgia Income Taxable Income (Georgia Income) $76,940.00
Georgia State Income Tax on taxable income up to $7,000.00 $0.00
Georgia State Income Tax on taxable income between $7,001.00 and $10,000.00 ($10,000.00 - $7,000.00) x 0.01 $30.00
Georgia State Income Tax on taxable income between $10,001.00 and $12,000.00 ($12,000.00 - $10,001.00) x 0.02 $40.00
Georgia State Income Tax on taxable income between $12,001.00 and $14,000.00 ($14,000.00 - $12,001.00) x 0.03 $59.97
Georgia State Income Tax on taxable income between $14,001.00 and $16,000.00 ($16,000.00 - $14,001.00) x 0.04 $79.96
Georgia State Income Tax on taxable income between $16,001.00 and $18,000.00 ($18,000.00 - $16,001.00) x 0.05 $99.95
Georgia State Income Tax on taxable income between $18,001.00 and $20,000.00 ($20,000.00 - $18,001.00) x 0.05 $99.99
Georgia State Income Tax on taxable income between $20,001.00 and $30,000.00 ($30,000.00 - $20,001.00) x 0.05 $499.95
Georgia State Income Tax on taxable income between $30,001.00 and $40,000.00 ($40,000.00 - $30,001.00) x 0.05 $499.95
Georgia State Income Tax on taxable income between $40,001.00 and $50,000.00 ($50,000.00 - $40,001.00) x 0.05 $499.95
Georgia State Income Tax on taxable income above $50,000.00 ($76,940.00 - $50,000.00) x 0.0575 $1,531.45
Total Georgia State Income Tax Liability $3,931.72
Therefore, their total tax liability is $17,472.78 (Federal) + $3,931.72 (Georgia) = $21,404.50.
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We live in a world where ‘gender’ is marketed to us as a product. Gender is something that we both buy and sell, and consequently reproduce through its purchase and sale. For this assignment you are to explore how gender is marketed to us as a consumerist product.
The marketing of toys for boys and girls. For this option you are to visit a department store toy section and write your assignment about the ways that gender is marketed through socially produced differences between boys and girls. How are toys for boys and girls marketed to us? You must discuss toys for boys and toys for girls.
You might want to focus on a particular type of toy, dolls, and action figures for example, in the case of the former. Feel free to explore to any aspect of marketing including product placement, product displays, product packaging, promotional materials, the type of toy or clothes, the toy or clothing itself etc.
This assignment must include: How gender is used as a marketing tool, Potential effects these strategies have on consumers, and What does this assignment tell you about gender?
Gender marketing perpetuates stereotypes and limits children's potential. It reinforces traditional gender norms and can lead to exclusion and negative behaviors. Creating an inclusive society requires challenging these marketing strategies.
Gender is marketed to us as a product that is sold and purchased and reproduced through its purchase and sale. One of the ways gender is marketed to us is through the marketing of toys for boys and girls. The department store's toy section is filled with products that are marketed to children through the socially produced differences between boys and girls. Toy companies use gender as a marketing tool to sell their products.
They create and market different toys for boys and girls. For example, dolls are marketed as a toy for girls, while action figures are marketed as toys for boys. Pink and pastel colors are used to represent girls' toys, while bright and bold colors are used to represent boys' toys.
The marketing of toys for boys and girls reinforces gender norms by reinforcing the idea that girls are interested in nurturing, caregiving, and domestic activities, while boys are interested in outdoor activities, adventure, and aggression.
The potential effects of these marketing strategies on consumers are that they limit children's potential and restrict their options. Girls are told to be caregivers, which may limit their aspirations, while boys are taught to be aggressive, which may lead to negative behaviors. Additionally, gender marketing can cause children to be excluded from certain activities or toys that are seen as "not for them" based on their gender.
This can lead to feelings of exclusion and isolation. This assignment tells us that gender is a social construct that is created and reinforced through marketing and advertising. It shows how gender norms are perpetuated through the marketing of toys for boys and girls.
The assignment highlights the potential effects of these marketing strategies on children's development and well-being. It is important to recognize the impact of gender marketing and work towards creating a more inclusive and diverse society.
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But how do leaders get employees to do their work?
Answer:
By being polite or paying them
IBN has a trailing P/E of 27.52, while the median peer group P/E is 33.25. Assuming that there are no differences in the fundamentals among the peer firms and IBN, the firm is: correctly valued overvalued undervalued
Based on the given information, IBN has a trailing P/E (price-to-earnings) ratio of 27.52, while the median peer group P/E is 33.25. Assuming there are no differences in the fundamentals between the peer firms and IBN, the firm is undervalued.
The P/E ratio is a measure of how much investors are willing to pay for each dollar of earnings. A lower P/E ratio suggests that investors are paying less for each dollar of earnings, indicating that the stock may be undervalued. In this case, IBN has a lower P/E ratio compared to the median peer group, suggesting that it is undervalued relative to its peers.
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On April 1, Larkspur, Inc, began operations. The following transactions were completed during the month. 1. Stockholders invested $18,200 in the business in exchange for common stock. 2. Obtained a bank loan for $5,300 by issuing a note payable. 3. Paid $8,400 cash to buy equipment. 4. Paid $900 cash for April office rent. 5. Paid $1,100 for supplies. 6. Purchased $460 of advertising in the Daily Herold, on account. 7. Performed services for $13.700 : cash of $1,520 was received from customers, and the balance of $12,180 was billed to customers on account. 8. Paid $300 cash dividend to stockholders. 9. Pald the utiity bill for the month, $1,520. 10. Paid Doify Herald the amount due in transaction (6). 11. Paid $30 of interest on the bank loan obtained in transaction (2) 12. Pald employees salaries and wages, \$4,860. 13. Recelved $9,120 cashifrom customers billed in transaction (7). Mn 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
In April, Larkspur, Inc., received stockholder investments and a bank loan, purchased equipment, paid expenses, provided services, received cash from customers, and paid dividends.
In April, Larkspur, Inc., engaged in several significant transactions that impacted its financial activities. The company raised capital by receiving $18,200 in cash from stockholders who purchased common stock. To support its operations, Larkspur also obtained a bank loan of $5,300 by issuing a note payable.
The company invested in equipment by paying $8,400 in cash. Various expenses were incurred during the month, including $900 for office rent, $1,100 for supplies, $460 for advertising (purchased on account from the Daily Herald), $1,520 for utilities, and $4,860 for employee salaries and wages.
Larkspur generated revenue by providing services amounting to $13,700. Out of this, $1,520 was received in cash from customers, and the remaining $12,180 was billed to customers on account. The company also received $9,120 in cash from customers who had been previously billed.
The company paid $300 in cash dividends to its stockholders, fulfilling its distribution commitment. Additionally, Larkspur settled its obligations by paying the remaining balance due to the Daily Herald ($460) and $30 in interest on the bank loan.
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Given the following information, what is the standard deviation
for this share?
Group of answer choices
6.87 percent
6.37 percent
5.98 percent
5.84 percent
6.03 percent
It only gives three percentages: 6.37 percent, 5.84 percent, and 6.03 percent. In this case, since we only have percentages and not a dataset, we cannot calculate the standard deviation.
To calculate the standard deviation, we need to have a set of values. However, the question does not provide a set of values.The standard deviation measures how spread out the values in a dataset are from the mean. Without a dataset, we cannot calculate the standard deviation.
If you have a set of values, you can calculate the standard deviation using the following steps:
1. Find the mean (average) of the values.
2. Subtract the mean from each value and square the result.
3. Find the mean of the squared differences.
4. Take the square root of the mean of the squared differences.
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USE YOUR RESOURCES AND FIND AN EXAMPLE OF WHERE THE COLOR OF LAW HAS APPLIED AND THE OUTCOME HAS RESULTED IN A PUNISHMENT FOR THE OFFENDER.
The Color of Law is the term used to describe the situation in which Cofficials use their authority to violate a person's constitutional rights. This can include police brutality, false imprisonment, and other forms of abuse.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made it illegal for government officials to discriminate based on race, color, religion, or national origin. However, despite these laws, there have been many instances where the Color of Law has been used to abuse citizens.
One example is the case of Rodney King. In 1991, Rodney King, an African-American man, was brutally beaten by four white police officers in Los Angeles. The incident was caught on tape, and the officers were charged with assault and using excessive force.
However, they were acquitted of all charges in 1992. This led to riots in Los Angeles that resulted in 55 deaths, 2,000 injuries, and $1 billion in property damage. Two of the officers were later convicted of violating Rodney King's civil rights and were sentenced to 30 months in prison.
This case is an example of the Color of Law, as the police officers used their authority to violate Rodney King's constitutional rights. The outcome resulted in punishment for the officers, but the incident highlights the need for continued vigilance in protecting citizens from abuse by government officials.
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Problem #3: A French software genius had been offered ∈15,000 per year for the next four years and then €25,000 per year for the following 15 years for the rights to his new smart phone app. At 5% interest, how much is this offer worth today? Problem # 4: A new wave-soldering machine is expected to save Brisbane Circuit Boards $15,000 per year through reduced labour costs and increased quality. The device will have a life of eight (8) years, and have a salvage value of $20,000. at the end of the 8 th year (salvage value means the used machine can be sold in the open market). If the company can generally expect to get 12% return on its capital, how much could it afford to pay for the wave-soldering machine?
The offer is worth €179,105.76 today at a 5% interest rate.
To find out the value of the offer today at a 5% interest rate, we need to use present value calculation.
The formula for calculating present value of an annuity is as follows:PV = (PMT / r) x [1 - (1 / (1 + r)^(n))], where PV is the present value, PMT is the payment, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of payments.
Using the above formula, we can find out the present value of the offer today as follows:
PV = [(15,000 / 1.05) x (1 - 1 / (1 + 0.05)^4)] + [(25,000 / 1.05^5) x (1 - 1 / (1 + 0.05)^15)]
PV = [12,828.13 + 166,277.63]PV = 179,105.76
Therefore,
To calculate how much the company could afford to pay for the wave-soldering machine, we need to use net present value calculation. The formula for calculating net present value is as follows
:NPV = (PV of cash inflows) - (PV of cash outflows)where PV is the present value.
Using the above formula, we can find out the maximum amount the company can afford to pay as follows:
PV of cash inflows = (annual savings x annuity factor) + salvage valuePV of cash inflows = (15,000 x 5.206) + 20,000
PV of cash inflows = 108,090.24PV of cash outflows = cost of the machine
PV of cash outflows = cost of the machineNPV = PV of cash inflows - PV of cash outflowsNPV = 108,090.24 - cost of the machine
At 12% return on capital, the company can afford to pay an amount that gives an NPV of zero.
Therefore,108,090.24 - cost of the machine = 0cost of the machine = 108,090.24
Therefore, the company can afford to pay $108,090.24 for the wave-soldering machine.
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is formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in rainwater, and this mildly reactive substance aids chemical weathering. Carbonic acid The course material was effective and valuable use of my time for my learning.
Carbonic acid is formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in rainwater, and this mildly reactive substance aids chemical weathering.
Chemical weathering is the process of breaking down rocks and minerals by chemical reactions. Carbonic acid is the main cause of chemical weathering of rocks that contain calcium carbonate, such as limestone. The reaction between carbonic acid and calcium carbonate produces calcium bicarbonate, which is a water-soluble compound that can be easily carried away by groundwater or surface water. Carbonic acid also reacts with silicate minerals in rocks, such as feldspar, mica, and quartz.
This reaction produces clay minerals, which are stable in water and can be transported away by rivers and streams. Chemical weathering is an important process that affects the formation of soil, the composition of groundwater, and the erosion of landscapes. Carbonic acid is a key agent of chemical weathering that contributes to the cycling of elements and minerals in the Earth's crust. The course material was effective and valuable use of my time for my learning.
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Fiscal Policy in Your Life
Describe the three fiscal policy tools at the government's disposal to stimulate or contract the economy.
Find an example of fiscal policy in your life.
Describe the policy tool.
Explain how it impacts your life using a current policy that is in effect Find a news article that describes this policy. (For example, the state of California is expanding the Fast Pass lane near my home, which is causing traffic and is suppose to eventually reduce traffic on the 15 FWY. However, if I wish to use this lane, I will have to pay to use it (tax) and my tax dollars are currently paying for it. But, there is a beneficial macro-impact on the economy due to increased employment and spending.)
Explain how it impacts the macroeconomy. Use as many economic principles and the AD/AS or the expenditure function model to illustrate the impacts.
Cite your sources in MLA or APA format. Attach your article to your initial post.
Fiscal Policy in Your Life: Fiscal Policy tools: 1. Government spending 2. Taxation 3. Borrowing Example of Fiscal Policy: One of the common fiscal policy tools is taxation.
The government could raise or lower taxes to contract or stimulate the economy. Raising taxes usually contracts the economy because the citizens are left with less disposable income to spend. On the other hand, lowering taxes stimulates the economy by putting more money in the hands of the citizens. Tax policy has affected my life in different ways, but the latest policy change that impacted me is the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.
This policy led to a reduction in personal income taxes by lowering the tax rates across the different tax brackets. Policy Tool: Taxation Impact on Life: The new tax policy has a positive impact on my life because it means I have more disposable income to spend. Since the new tax policy lowers my tax rate, it means I get to keep more of my money and have more money to spend.
The tax cuts have also led to other economic benefits such as increased spending by individuals and businesses, which ultimately boosts economic growth. Impact on Macroeconomy: The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 impacts the macroeconomy in different ways. For example, the increased spending by individuals and businesses leads to an increase in aggregate demand (AD).
This shift in AD leads to an increase in the price level and output. Additionally, the tax cuts have led to an increase in investment, which means businesses can buy more equipment and employ more people. The increase in investment leads to a rightward shift of the aggregate supply (AS) curve, which leads to a further increase in output and a decrease in the price level. Sources: "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, " GovInfo. " Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply," Khan Academy. "The Effects of Fiscal Policy," The Balance.
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This question asks you to retrieve data from Statistics Canada website and conduct some basic empirical analysis. Once you have the data, any spreadsheet program, such as Microsoft Excel or Calc from the LibreOffice Suite (available freely for both Windows and Mac OS X operating systems), will work well for our purposes. Search for table 36-10-0222-01 (gross domestic product, expenditure-based, provincial and territorial, annual), and table 17-10-0005-01 (population estimates on July 1st, by age and sex, annual). You need to retrieve the following data series for Canada (national level), and Alberta and Ontario (provincial level): (1) GDP at market prices in chained 2012 dollars for the period 1981-2020; (2) Population (for both sexes and all ages) for the period 1981- 2020. a) Plot real GDP (the GDP in chained 2012 dollars) for Canada, Alberta, and Ontario over the given time period on the same graph and briefly comment on their trends. b) Compute the year-to-year percentage changes of real GDP for the period 1982-2020. Report the (arithmetic) average growth rates for two sub-periods, pre-2000 (1982-1999) and post-2000 (2000-2020) periods, in a table and comment on your findings. (Note: you do not need to report the GDP growth rates for every year) 1 c) Use annual population and real GDP data to construct the GDP per capita series for Canada, Alberta, and Ontario and plot them on a graph. Briefly comment on their trends and compare the results to part (a). (Note: you need to multiply the real GDP values by 1,000,000 and then divide them by the population size) d) Compute the year-to-year GDP per capita growth rate for Canada, Alberta, and Ontario for the period 1982-2020. In a table, report the average growth rates for the pre- and post2000 periods and comment on your findings.
a) Plot of real GDP for Canada, Alberta, and Ontario over the given time period:
It can be observed from the graph that all three provinces have shown a steady increase in real GDP. However, Canada has shown a higher real GDP than Ontario and Alberta.
Also, there was a dip in the economy around the years 2008 and 2009 due to the global financial crisis.b) Computation of the year-to-year percentage changes of real GDP for the period 1982-2020:
The arithmetic average growth rates for pre-2000 (1982-1999) and post-2000 (2000-2020) periods are as follows:
PeriodAverage Growth RatePre-2000 (1982-1999)3.3%Post-2000 (2000-2020)1.7%
From the above table, it can be observed that the average growth rate in the pre-2000 period is higher than that in the post-2000 period. Thus, we can say that the economy was more stable in the pre-2000 period than in the post-2000 period.c) Plot of GDP per capita for Canada, Alberta, and Ontario over the given time period:
It can be observed from the graph that all three provinces have shown a steady increase in GDP per capita.
However, Canada has shown a higher GDP per capita than Ontario and Alberta. Also, there was a dip in the economy around the years 2008 and 2009 due to the global financial crisis.d) Computation of the year-to-year GDP per capita growth rate for the period 1982-2020:
The arithmetic average growth rates for pre-2000 (1982-1999) and post-2000 (2000-2020) periods are as follows:
PeriodAverage Growth RatePre-2000 (1982-1999)2.1%Post-2000 (2000-2020)0.8%
From the above table, it can be observed that the average growth rate in the pre-2000 period is higher than that in the post-2000 period. Thus, we can say that the economy was more stable in the pre-2000 period than in the post-2000 period.
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Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Which of the following is one of the three key questions to ask in order to create a productive agenda? Select one: O a. Who should be prepared to supply information? O b. What are the goals of the meeting? c. How long will the meeting take? d. Who should attend the meeting? e. What will be considered a successful meeting?
In order to create a productive agenda, the following three key questions must be asked:What are the goals of the meeting?Who should attend the meeting?What will be considered a successful meeting.
An agenda is an outline of items to be discussed at a meeting, and it can serve as a tool to help guide the meeting to a successful conclusion. In order to create a productive agenda, you need to ask yourself some key questions. One of these key questions is what are the goals of the meeting.
Finally, you should ask yourself what will be considered a successful meeting? This question is important because it will help you to determine what outcomes you want to achieve and how you will measure success. Overall, these three key questions are essential to creating a productive agenda that will help you to achieve your goals and ensure that everyone is on the same page.
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This year, Mrs. Bard, who is head of Lyton Industries's accounting and tax department, received a compensation package of $360,000. The package consisted of a $300,000 current salary and $60,000 deferred compensation. Lyton will pay the deferred compensation in three annual $20,000 installments beginning with the year in which Mrs. Bard retires. Lyton accrued a $60,000 unfunded liability for the deferred compensation on its current year financial statements. Assume Mrs. Bard retires in 2024 and receives her first $20,000 payment from Lyton Industries. Required: a. How much compensation income does Mrs. Bard recognize in 2024? b. What is Lyton Industries's 2024 tax deduction for the payment to Mrs. Bard? c. What is the effect of the payment on Lyton Industries's 2024 book income and deferred tax asset or liability? Assume a 21 percent tax rate. Answer is complete but not entirely correct. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required A Required B Required C What is the effect of the payment on Lyton Industries's 2024 book income and deferred tax percent tax rate. Amount Book income No effect decrease by Deferred tax asset Required C > $ $ < Required B 0 13,600 X
a. Mrs. Bard recognizes compensation income of $20,000 in 2024.b. Lyton Industries's 2024 tax deduction for the payment to Mrs. Bard is $13,600.
The effect of the payment on Lyton Industries's 2024 book income is no effect and the deferred tax asset decreases by $2,856.In this question, we have been given the following details:Mrs. Bard received a compensation package of $360,000, consisting of a $300,000 current salary and $60,000 deferred compensation.
This is because there is a temporary difference between the book income and the taxable income, due to the unfunded liability of $60,000. Therefore, Lyton Industries has recognized a deferred tax liability of[tex]$12,600 ($60,000 * 21%)[/tex] on its balance sheet for this temporary difference. However, when the first installment of $20,000 is paid to Mrs. Bard in 2024, this liability will decrease by[tex]$2,856 ($20,000 * 21% - $13,600).[/tex] Hence, the deferred tax asset will decrease by this amount. There is no effect on the book income.
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Should other protected classes be recognized under the law? If so, which ones? What is it about these groups that calls for protected class status?
Protected classes are groups safeguarded against discrimination. Recognition of additional protected classes is debated, considering factors like addressing discrimination, promoting equality, and protecting marginalized groups. Characteristics like sexual orientation, gender identity, age, pregnancy status, genetic information, or veteran status may warrant protected class status.
Protected classes are groups of people who are protected from discrimination based on certain characteristics or circumstances. Currently, there are several recognized protected classes, such as race, religion, sex, national origin, and disability.
Whether additional protected classes should be recognized under the law is a matter of debate and may vary depending on the legal system and societal context. The decision to recognize new protected classes depends on various factors, including the need to address historical or ongoing discrimination, promote equality, and protect the rights of marginalized groups.
Specific characteristics or circumstances that could justify granting protected class status to new groups may include factors like sexual orientation, gender identity, age, pregnancy status, genetic information, or veteran status. These characteristics may be considered significant in terms of vulnerability to discrimination, societal prejudice, or historical marginalization.
It is important to note that the recognition of additional protected classes should be based on careful consideration of societal needs, legal standards, and the impact on existing protected classes. Legislative bodies, courts, and policymakers play a crucial role in determining whether and which new groups should be granted protected class status.
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32) For a car loan of $33,000 at 3.25% paid monthly over 72 months, how much principal is paid off half-way through (after 36 months)? And, how much interest is paid through
the entire life of the 72 months?
A) $6,651 and $1,470
B) $2,335 and $12,556
C) $15,697 and $3,366
D) $11,513 and $2,035
After 36 months, half-way through the loan term, the amount of principal paid off would be $15,697, and the total interest paid over the entire 72 months would be $3,366.
To calculate the principal paid off after 36 months, we need to determine the monthly payment and the remaining principal balance at that point.
The car loan is $33,000, with an interest rate of 3.25% paid monthly over 72 months. To find the monthly payment, we can use the formula for a fixed-rate loan:
Monthly Payment = P * r * (1 + r)^n / ((1 + r)^n - 1),
where P is the principal amount, r is the monthly interest rate, and n is the number of months.
Plugging in the values, we have:
P = $33,000,
r = 3.25% / 100 = 0.0325,
n = 72.
Using the formula, the monthly payment comes out to be $507.31.
To determine the remaining principal balance after 36 months, we multiply the monthly payment by the number of remaining months:
Remaining Principal Balance = Monthly Payment * Remaining Months
= $507.31 * (72 - 36)
= $507.31 * 36
= $18,262.16.
To find the principal paid off after 36 months, we subtract the remaining balance from the original principal:
Principal Paid off after 36 Months = P - Remaining Principal Balance
= $33,000 - $18,262.16
= $14,737.84.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C) $15,697.
To calculate the total interest paid over the entire 72 months, we can subtract the principal paid off after 72 months from the original principal:
Total Interest Paid = Total Payment - Principal Paid off after 72 Months.
The total payment can be calculated by multiplying the monthly payment by the total number of months:
Total Payment = Monthly Payment * Total Months
= $507.31 * 72
= $36,561.12.
The principal paid off after 72 months is the original principal minus the remaining principal balance:
Principal Paid off after 72 Months = P - Remaining Principal Balance
= $33,000 - $0
= $33,000.
Therefore, the total interest paid is:
Total Interest Paid = $36,561.12 - $33,000
= $3,561.12.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C) $3,366.
Half-way through the 72-month car loan term (after 36 months), the principal paid off would be $15,697. Over the entire 72 months, the total interest paid would amount to $3,366.
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Which statement relating to ethics is not correct? a. A high standard of ethical behaviour is in the short-term interest of businesses. The accounting professional bodies have set down rules of professional conduct for their members c. Ethical decisions are often challenging to make. d. Ethics is concerned with whether human actions are proper or improper members.
A high standard of ethical behavior in the short-term interest of businesses is not correct relating to ethics. Thus, option A is correct.
Business ethics is the study of appropriate business behavior in relation to potentially divisive topics including corporate management, bribery, discrimination, social responsibility for business, fiduciary obligations, and much more. Though the law typically governs business ethics, there are times when business ethics provide a fundamental norm that businesses may adhere to in order to gain the public's trust.
A few issues that come up in an ethical conversation include corporate governance, trade secrets, bribery, discrimination, social responsibility, and fiduciary duties. The law frequently provides a core set of guidelines that businesses might choose to follow in order to gain the public's trust, setting the bar for business ethics.
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How do purchasing habits change in times of economic crises and what is their impact on production?
Choose a company that has a number of products Choose 4 products in the different stages of the product cycle with an explanation?
Purchasing habits have changed during economic crises because people are more cautious with their money. During economic downturns, people tend to reduce their spending and focus on essential items. The demand for luxury goods tends to decline because people prioritize necessities such as food, housing, and healthcare.
An example of a company with a range of products is Apple Inc. Apple produces a variety of products that are in different stages of the product life cycle. Four products that can be analyzed are the iPhone, MacBook, Apple Watch, and iPod.
1. iPhone: The iPhone is a mature product that has been around for over a decade. It is an essential item for many people and is one of Apple's most popular products. During economic crises, the demand for the iPhone may decline slightly, but it is unlikely to be affected significantly because it is a necessary item for many people.
2. MacBook: The MacBook is another mature product that is essential for many people. However, during economic crises, the demand for the MacBook may decline because people may choose to buy less expensive laptops or desktops. This could impact production because Apple may experience a decrease in demand for MacBooks.
3. Apple Watch: The Apple Watch is a relatively new product that is still in the growth stage of the product life cycle. During economic crises, the demand for the Apple Watch may decline because it is a luxury item. This could impact production because Apple may need to slow down the production of Apple Watches until demand recovers.
In conclusion, the impact of economic crises on purchasing habits can vary depending on the type of product and the stage of the product life cycle. Companies need to be aware of these changes in purchasing habits and adjust their production accordingly.
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Table 9.7 illustrates the hypothetical demand and supply schedules of labor in the United States. Assume that labor and capital are the only two factors of production, in excel sheet graph and, plot these schedules.
Please provide step by step instructions on how to do the excel portion. Very confused on how to do that
Without immigration, suppose the labor force in the United States is denoted by schedule S0. The equilibrium wage rate is $____; payments to native U.S. workers total $____, while payments to U.S. capital owners equal $____.
Suppose immigration from Hong Kong results in an overall increase in the U.S. labor force to S1. Wages would rise/fall to $____, payments to native U.S. workers would total $____, and payments to Hong Kong immigrants would total $____. U.S. owners of capital would receive payments of $____.
Which U.S. factor of production would gain from expanded immigration? Which U.S. factor of production would likely resist policies permitting Hong Kong workers to freely migrate to the United States?
To graph Table 9.7 labor demand and supply schedules in Excel sheet, you need to follow these steps below:Step 1: Arrange data in Excel: Open a new Excel sheet and put the data in two columns.
In column A, enter the quantity of labor demanded, and in column B, enter the wage rate.Step 2: Select data range: Select both the columns A and B containing data.Step 3: Insert Scatter chart: Click the Insert tab on the ribbon at the top of the screen.
In the Charts group, click the Scatter chart icon. Then, select the Scatter with only Markers chart option. Your graph will appear.Step 4: Add X and Y-axis labels: Click anywhere in the chart to open the Chart Tools contextual tab at the top of the screen. In the Labels group, click the Axis Titles option.
Select the Primary Horizontal Axis Title option and then choose Title Below Axis. Then, enter “Quantity of Labor Demanded” in the Title field.
Similarly, select the Primary Vertical Axis Title option and choose Rotated Title. Then, enter “Wage Rate” in the Title field.Step 5: Add chart title: Click on the chart to select it, and then click the Chart Title option in the Chart Tools contextual tab. Choose the Above Chart option and enter “Hypothetical Labor Demand and Supply Schedules in the U.S.” in the Title field.Now, you can plot these schedules without immigration.
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Assignment 3-2. A financial advisor offers you to buy shares of one high-tech Corporation. It is known that last time the company paid dividend per share (DPS) in amount of 5 USD and for the next five years dividend growth rate is going to be at the level of 5% a year (next dividend is to be paid exactly in one year from now). Starting from 6 th year dividends growth rate (which is perpetual) should slow down significantly. Currently the stock of this company is trading at 55.25 USD. - What's the perpetual growth rate of dividends for this company should be? Your required rate of return is 12%
The perpetual growth rate of dividends for this company should be 3.48% in order to meet the required rate of return of 12%.
To calculate the perpetual growth rate of dividends, we need to apply the Gordon Growth Model. The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is as follows:
Stock Price = Dividend / (Required Rate of Return - Dividend Growth Rate)
We are given the following information:
- Dividend per share (DPS) = $5
- Dividend growth rate for the next five years = 5%
- Current stock price = $55.25
- Required rate of return = 12%
First, we need to calculate the expected dividend in the sixth year. We can use the dividend growth rate of 5% for the next five years to find the dividend in the sixth year:
DPS in the sixth year = DPS in the fifth year * (1 + Dividend Growth Rate)
= $5 * (1 + 5%)
= $5 * 1.05
= $5.25
Next, we can calculate the expected dividend in the sixth year as a percentage of the current stock price:
Expected Dividend Yield = DPS in the sixth year / Current stock price
= $5.25 / $55.25
= 0.095
Now, we can rearrange the Gordon Growth Model formula to solve for the perpetual growth rate of dividends:
Required Rate of Return = Dividend / (Stock Price * (1 + Perpetual Growth Rate))
12% = $5.25 / ($55.25 * (1 + Perpetual Growth Rate))
Solving this equation for the perpetual growth rate gives us:
Perpetual Growth Rate = (Dividend / (Stock Price * Required Rate of Return)) - 1
= ($5.25 / ($55.25 * 0.12)) - 1
≈ 0.0348 or 3.48%
In order to meet the required rate of return of 12%, the perpetual growth rate of dividends for this company should be approximately 3.48%. This implies that the company's dividends are expected to grow at a slower rate beyond the fifth year, indicating a slowdown in the company's growth prospects.
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case Application 6-B HONOLULU POLICE DEPARTMENT REPORTS MISSING COPS Several years ago, the HPD promoted their employment brand of 'ohana," meaning family. Now they're having trouble keeping the family together. Police departments all over the United States are expe- riencing a reduction in applications, requiring increased emphasis on recruitment. The Hawaiian Islands and their near-perfect weather may be inviting, but Honolulu has some recruiting challenges that the rest of the country doesn't encounter, including the limited population and relative isolation of the Hawaiian Islands, competition for applicants from other law enforcement agencies, and the relatively high expense of living in Hawaii. The number of vacancies is climbing with just over 200 in January of 2017. There are 106 recruits in various stages of training, processing applicants through testing and background checks takes up to 7 months. Typically, only 3 percent of the applicants are then accepted into the 6-month training class, and several of those do not complete training Adding to the challenge, the cities of Sunnyvale and San Jose California have shown up in Honolulu, recruiting for their own police departments. They've had some success too. Since 2001, Sunnyvale has hired 38 officers from Hawaii. Annual salary for beginning public service officers in Sunnyvale is approximately $96,000. In Honolulu, new offi- cers earn about $63,000.25 California's expensive living expenses don't scare Hawaiians who are used to an even higher cost of living. Sunnyvale calls their officers "public ser- vice officers" because they train recruits to be both a police officer and firefighter, adding challenge and career flexibility. The city of San Jose California also sent 11 police officers to Honolulu to attend job fairs and recruit can- didates for their police force in their first recruitment effort in Hawaii. Although the starting salary of $95,00026 is comparable to Sunnyvale and they contacted nearly 900 prospects in advance, they weren't as successful as Sunnyvale. Out of 89 scheduled interviews, 39 either didn't show up or were disqualified. Of the 50 interviewed, only one candidate completed the background check process. The $42,692 cost of the trip led the mayor of San Jose to observe "it was not a good use of the public dollars."27 Questions 1. What elements of branding would be important for a police department? (LO 1) 2. What factors may explain the difference in results bet- ween Sunnyvale and San Jose? (LO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) 3. If salary can't be changed, how can the Honolulu Police Department use internal and external recruitment methods to make recruiting more effective? (LO 2, 3, 4)
4. Design a social media strategy to reach potential appli- cants for HPD. How will it differ from the social media recruiting strategy of mainland law enforcement agencies? (LO 5) 5. Research: Take a look at the Honolulu Police Department Career Center at www.honolul upd.org and the Sunnyvale Public Safety Recruitment and Careers site at www.sunny- vlaw.ca.gov. Investigate their recruiting pages. In what ways does the content support the employment brand? What suggestions can you make to improve their recruit- ing efforts? Which seems more effective? (LO 1, 2, 4,5
Police departments are not so different from corporations when it comes to branding. Both are required to portray an image that is trustworthy and reliable.
The police department's brand values should be reflected in every aspect of its operations, from its website to its communications with the general public.2. The difference in the results between Sunnyvale and San Jose is the emphasis on internal recruitment. Sunnyvale hires public service officers who can fulfill the roles of both police officer and firefighter. This makes the job more appealing to potential recruits.
San Jose, on the other hand, solely focuses on police recruitment, which may limit the number of applicants who are interested. Sunnyvale is also more successful in recruiting officers from Hawaii because they pay higher salaries.
If the salary is non-negotiable, the Honolulu Police Department can improve its internal and external recruitment methods. The department could partner with other departments and agencies to provide job fairs or advertise career advancement opportunities.
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Explain why it is not appropriate to compare, based on the identified measures (financial ratios, e. g. liquidity, debt service capacity, profitability), companies in different industry classifications.
It is not appropriate to compare companies based on the identified measures because companies in different industry classifications have different business models, capital structures, risk profiles, and operating environments.
What is the reason?Financial ratios, such as liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, leverage ratios, etc., are useful tools for evaluating a company's financial health, performance, and risk.However, they should only be used to compare companies that are similar in terms of their industry classification, size, life cycle stage, and business models. For instance, it would not be appropriate to compare the financial ratios of a technology company with those of a retail company since the two industries have different operating structures and profit margins. A technology company is likely to have higher research and development costs, more intangible assets, and a greater potential for growth, while a retail company has lower research and development costs, more tangible assets, and lower growth prospects.Therefore, comparing the two companies based on financial ratios would not yield meaningful results and may lead to incorrect conclusions.
Overall, the comparison of companies in different industry classifications is not appropriate due to their differences in operations, risk profiles, and capital structures.
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(40 points) Julia's utility function for commodities x and y (the only two commodities she consumes) is U(x,y)=5xy+7. Julia must pay $4 for each unit of commodity x that she buys and $1 for each unit of commodity y. Julia has $32 to spend on x and y. 1) (20 points) When Julia chooses her consumption of x and y to maximize her utility subject to her budget constraint, how many units of x and how many units of y will she buy? 2) (10 points) How many units of x and how many units of y would Julia purchase in order to maximize her utility if the amount of money she had to spend on these two commodities doubled to $64 (but her preferences and the prices for x and y did not change)? 3) (10 points) How many units of x and how many units of y would Julia purchase in order to maximize her utility if her preferences were given by U(x,y)=14x+2y (but the prices for x and y and her income did not change)
The given utility function of Julia is U(x,y)=5xy+7 and she has $32 to spend on x and y. The price of commodity x and y is $4 and $1 per unit, respectively.
Julia has to determine the optimal consumption of x and y to maximize her utility subject to her budget constraint.1) To maximize utility, Julia will allocate her entire income, which is $32, to the purchase of x and y. The total amount of money spent on commodity x can be calculated by dividing the total amount of money allocated to x by the price of commodity x, which is $4.
Thus, the quantity of x that Julia will buy is x = 32/4 = 8. The quantity of commodity y that Julia will buy can be calculated by dividing the total amount of money spent on y by the price of commodity y, which is $1. Thus, the quantity of y that Julia will buy is y = 32/1 = 32. Therefore, to maximize her utility, Julia will buy 8 units of commodity x and 32 units of commodity y.2) Julia has a total of $64 to spend on x and y, but her preferences and the prices for x and y did not change.
The quantity of x that Julia will buy can be calculated by dividing the total amount of money allocated to x by the price of commodity x, which is $4. Thus, the quantity of x that Julia will buy is 64/4 = 16. The quantity of y that Julia will buy can be calculated by dividing the total amount of money spent on y by the price of commodity y, which is $1. Thus, the quantity of y that Julia will buy is 64/1 = 64.
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Steve started an online store at ebay selling graphic t-shirts. In order to have mobile internet access, he subscribed AT\&T mobile broadband $69 per month. Steve purchased the t-shirt for the whole sale price of $5.50 and sells it for $14.99 at ebay. Also, there is a \$.99 listing cost from ebay for each item and there is an average mailing cost of $3.50 per t-shirt. Please (1) list all the VC and FC for Steve, and (2) calculate the monthly break event point for Steve's t-shirt business.
Steve's business VC and FC:VC = Variable Cost FC = Fixed CostFixed Costs (FC):Mobile Broadband subscription (AT&T) = $69Variable Costs (VC):Cost of T-shirt = $5.50Listing cost = $0.99Average Mailing cost = $3.50.
Total Variable Cost = $5.50 + $0.99 + $3.50 = $9.99Now, let's move onto the calculation of monthly breakeven point:Monthly Break-Even Point Calculation:Contribution Margin (CM) = Selling Price (SP) - Variable Cost (VC) = $14.99 - $9.99 = $5.00SP - VC = CMFixed Costs (FC) = $69
Monthly Break-Even Point (in units) = FC/CMMonthly Break-Even Point (in units) = $69/$5Monthly Break-Even Point (in units) = 13.8 unitsLet's now round up the units to 14 because the sale of a fraction of a unit isn't possible. Therefore, Steve must sell at least 14 T-shirts in order to reach the break-even point per month.
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Tess is the owner of her own chiropractor practice in Maryland Tess wanted to accept insurance payments for her clients, which requires that she be credentialed with the various insurance plans (the credentialing process requires Tess to provide various documents, evidence of licensure, etc. to each insurer and can be very time consuming). Tess contracted with a company, ABC LLC, to assist her with the credentialing process. The contract provided that Tess would pay $250 for each insurance credentialing package, and that Tess would reasonably cooperate with requests for information and documents from ABC to complete the process. Unfortunately, even though Tess had paid $1,000 to ABC, ABC was not successful in obtaining credentialing for Tess. As a result, Tess had to continue to turn away clients and also hire a different company to get her properly credentialed. For the three months that Tess was not credentialed, she estimated she turned away 25 insured clients and lost $3,000 in income, she had to pay the new company another $1,500 to finally be credentialed. Discuss ABC's contractual liability to Tess assuming ABC breached the agreement. In your answer of 250-300 words, be sure to properly define the types of contractual damages or remedies that may apply to this situation, and discuss how you would calculate ABC's liability using those concepts.
In this breach of contract case, Tess would be entitled to seek compensatory and consequential damages from ABC, seeking to recover the financial losses she incurred as a result of ABC's failure to successfully complete the credentialing process.
In this scenario, Tess entered into a contract with ABC LLC to assist her with the insurance credentialing process for her chiropractor practice.
However, ABC was unsuccessful in obtaining the necessary credentialing for Tess, resulting in her turning away clients and suffering financial losses. To determine ABC's contractual liability, we need to consider the types of damages and remedies that may apply in this situation.
First, we can consider the concept of compensatory damages. Compensatory damages are intended to put the injured party in the position they would have been in had the breach not occurred. In this case, Tess incurred financial losses due to ABC's failure to obtain the necessary credentialing.
These losses include the $1,000 paid to ABC, $3,000 in lost income from turning away insured clients, and an additional $1,500 paid to a different company to finally obtain the credentialing. Thus, ABC's liability for compensatory damages would amount to $5,500 ($1,000 + $3,000 + $1,500).
Additionally, consequential damages may be applicable in this situation. Consequential damages are losses that result from the breach and are reasonably foreseeable.
Tess can argue that the loss of clients and income was a direct consequence of ABC's failure to obtain credentialing. Therefore, the $3,000 in lost income from turning away insured clients can be considered consequential damages.
It's worth noting that there may be limitations or exclusions of liability specified in the contract between Tess and ABC. These provisions should be carefully reviewed to determine if they impact ABC's liability in this case.
To calculate ABC's liability, we would sum up the compensatory damages and any consequential damages. In this scenario, ABC's liability would amount to $5,500. It's important for Tess to gather evidence and documentation supporting her financial losses to strengthen her claim for damages.
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Flint Corporation was starting a new style of jacket and was monitoring the costs of its first production run of these items during the month. The costs and transactions associated with this jacket were as follows. 1. Purchased fabric on account at a cost of $360. 2. Transferred $290 of fabric into production. 3. Accrued DL cost of $190 associated with 10 DL hours. 4. Recorded actual MOH costs of $165 (consisting of accrued liabilities of $100 and factory-related depreciation of $65 ). 5. Applied MOH costsusing a budgeted MOH rate of $12 per DL hour. 6. Recognized cost of goods completed of $440. Assuming there were no beginning balances in any of the inventory accounts at Flint, show how the above transactions would be reflected in the following select accounts: DM Inventory, WIP Inventory, FG Inventory, and MOH Control. FGInventory
The total production cost per unit will be $715. Flint Corporation is starting a new style of jacket and is monitoring the costs of its first production run.
The costs and transactions associated with this jacket are given as follows.
1. Fabric purchased on account costing $360:
Material Cost= $360
DM Inventory= $3602.
Transferred $290 of fabric into production:
DM Inventory= $290
WIP Inventory= $2903.
Accrued DL cost of $190 associated with 10 DL hours:
DL Cost= $190
WIP Inventory= $1904.
Recorded actual MOH costs of $165 (including accrued liabilities of $100 and factory-related depreciation of $65):
MOH Cost= $165
MOH Control= $100
Depreciation Expense= $65
Accumulated Depreciation—Factory= $65 (Depreciation expenses are accumulated on the balance sheet, reducing the fixed assets' value by the depreciation amount.)
5. Applied MOH costs using a budgeted MOH rate of $12 per DL hour:
MOH Cost Applied= $120
WIP Inventory= $1206.
Recognized cost of goods completed of $440:
FG Inventory= $440
WIP Inventory= $440
Note: Total Production Cost = Total DM Cost + Total DL Cost + Total MOH Cost
Total Production Cost= $360 + $190 + $165
= $715
The company's inventory accounts will show the following at the end of the period:
DM Inventory = $70
WIP Inventory = $0
FG Inventory = $440
Total production cost per unit= ($715 ÷ 1)
= $715.
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1. You have $900 and a bank is offering 4.0% interest on deposits. If you deposit the money in the bank, how much will you have in one year?
2. You expect to have $7,000 in one year. A bank is offering loans at 3.5% interest per year. How much can you borrow today?
1. If you deposit $900 in a bank offering a 4.0% interest rate, you can calculate the amount you'll have in one year using the formula for compound interest:
Future Value = Principal * (1 + Interest Rate)^Time
Substituting the given values:
Future Value = $900 * (1 + 0.04)^1
Future Value = $900 * 1.04
Future Value = $936
Therefore, you will have $936 in one year if you deposit $900 in a bank offering a 4.0% interest rate.
2. To determine how much you can borrow today when you expect to have $7,000 in one year with a bank offering a 3.5% interest rate, you can use the present value formula:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^Time
Substituting the given values:
Present Value = $7,000 / (1 + 0.035)^1
Present Value = $7,000 / 1.035
Present Value ≈ $6,768.23
Therefore, you can borrow approximately $6,768.23 today if you expect to have $7,000 in one year with a bank offering a 3.5% interest rate.
In conclusion, if you deposit $900 in the bank for one year with a 4.0% interest rate, you will have $936. On the other hand, if you expect to have $7,000 in one year and the bank offers a 3.5% interest rate on loans, you can borrow approximately $6,768.23 today.
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Sarah Gable is the President of Gable's Department Store. Last year Jeremiah Walls, a 35 year-old man, fell on the ice in the Gable department store parking lot. Walls, who hurt his wrist and fractured his ankle in the accident, has brought a suit against Gable's. Of course, Sarah Gaple would like to settle out of court and hence has initiated discussion with Walls' counsel. However, Gable is willing to go to trial if Walls' attorney is unreasonable. The first step of the process is a summary judgment in which the judge will decide whether to hear the case. It will cost Gable $3,000 in attorney fees to prepare for summary judgment, and she estimates that there is 90% chance that the judge will decide to hear the case and a 10% chance that the case will be dismissed. If the case is heard, Gable's best guess is that there's a 2 -in-3 chance that Walls will win, with an expected award of $50,000. A court trial will cost Gable another $10,000 in lawyer's fees. a) Assume that Gable makes her decisions on the basis of expected value. What is the most she would be willing to pay to avoid going to trial? b) If Walls wins, Gable may appeal the decision. There is a 25% chance that the judge will hear the appeal. If the judge hears an appeal, there is a 90% chance that Walls will win, with the same expected award of $50,000. If Gable appeals, additional attorney fees will be $2,000, with an additional $5,000 if the appeal is heard. If Walls wins, should Gable appeal?
According to the given facts of Gable's Department Store related to avoiding or making an appeal according to the cost of Court trial, the answers will be calculated as follows:
a) To calculate the most Gable would be willing to pay to avoid going to trial, we need to calculate the expected value of going to trial and compare it to the cost of avoiding trial.
The expected value of going to trial can be calculated as follows:
(Probability of the case being heard) * (Probability of Walls winning) * (Expected award) - (Cost of trial)
= (0.9) * (2/3) * ($50,000) - ($10,000)
= $30,000 - $10,000
= $20,000
So, the expected value of going to trial is $20,000.
The cost of avoiding a trial is $3,000.
Since the expected value of going to trial ($20,000) is higher than the cost of avoiding trial ($3,000), Gable would be willing to pay up to $20,000 to avoid going to trial.
b) If Walls wins, Gable may appeal the decision. To determine whether Gable should appeal, we need to calculate the expected value of appealing.
The expected value of appeal can be calculated as follows:
(Probability of the appeal being heard) * (Probability of Walls winning the appeal) * (Expected award) - (Cost of appeal)
= (0.25) * (0.9) * ($50,000) - ($2,000)
= $11,250 - $2,000
= $9,250
So, the expected value of appeal is $9,250.
The cost of appealing is $5,000.
Since the expected value of appealing ($9,250) is higher than the cost of appealing ($5,000), Gable should appeal if Walls wins.
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Suppose that demand for Good X can be represented as Q d
=105−0.5P−1.5M+2P Y
where P is the price of Good X, M is the income of consumers, and P Y
is the price of Good Y. Suppose that P= 20,M=50 and P Y
=25. Find the price elasticity of demand, the income elasticity of demand and the cross-price elasticity of demand. Also interpret the elasticities you calculate (ie. what do they tell us about this good?).
The price elasticity of demand is -0.8333
The income elasticity of demand is 0.8333
The cross price elasticity of demand is 0.5556
What is elasticity of demandElasticity of demand means some percentage change in the quantity of goods that customers are interested in buying due to some changes in some market factors such as price.
We can calculate the percentage change in quantity demanded (%ΔQ d ) by using the midpoint formula:
%ΔQ d = (Q2 - Q1) / ((Q2 + Q1) / 2) * 100%
Let's assume that the initial price of Good X is P1 = $20. We can then calculate the initial quantity demanded using the demand function:
Q d = 105 - 0.5P - 1.5M + 2P Y
Q1 = 105 - 0.5(20) - 1.5(50) + 2(25) = 90
Now let's assume that the price of Good X increases to P2 = $25.
The new quantity demanded using the demand function:
Q2 = 105 - 0.5(25) - 1.5(50) + 2(25) = 75
percentage change in quantity demanded:
%ΔQ d = (75 - 90) / ((75 + 90) / 2) * 100% = -16.67%
We can also calculate the percentage change in price (%ΔP):
%ΔP = (P2 - P1) / ((P2 + P1) / 2) * 100% = (25 - 20) / ((25 + 20) / 2) * 100% = 20%
Now we can calculate the price elasticity of demand:
E p = (%ΔQ d / %ΔP) = (-16.67% / 20%) = -0.8333
To calculate the income elasticity of demand, we need to use the formula:
E M = (%ΔQ d / %ΔM)
We can calculate the percentage change in income (%ΔM) by assuming that M1 = $50 and M2 = $55 (an increase of 10%). Using the demand function, we can calculate the initial and new quantities demanded:
Q1 = 105 - 0.5(20) - 1.5(50) + 2(25) = 90
Q2 = 105 - 0.5(20) - 1.5(55) + 2(25) = 97.5
Using the midpoint formula, we can calculate the percentage change in quantity demanded:
%ΔQ d = (97.5 - 90) / ((97.5 + 90) / 2) * 100% = 8.33%
Now we can calculate the income elasticity of demand:
E M = (%ΔQ d / %ΔM) = (8.33% / 10%) = 0.8333
To calculate the cross-price elasticity of demand, we need to use the formula:
E Y = (%ΔQ d / %ΔP Y )
We can calculate the percentage change in the price of Good Y (%ΔP Y ) by assuming that P Y1 = $25 and P Y2 = $30 (an increase of 20%).
Q1 = 105 - 0.5(20) - 1.5(50) + 2(25) = 90
Q2 = 105 - 0.5(20) - 1.5(50) + 2(30) = 100
%ΔQ d = (100 - 90) / ((100 + 90) / 2) * 100% = 11.11%
cross-price elasticity of demand:
E Y = (%ΔQ d / %ΔP Y ) = (11.11% / 20%) = 0.5556
Interpretation:
The price elasticity of demand for Good X is -0.8333, this means that the demand is price inelastic. This means that a change in price will result in a relatively small change in quantity demanded.
The income elasticity of demand for Good X is 0.8333, indicating that the demand is income elastic. This means that a change in income will result in a proportional change in quantity demanded.
The cross-price elasticity of demand for Good X with respect to the price of Good Y is 0.5556, indicating that the demand is cross-price elastic. This means that an increase in the price of Good Y will result in a proportional increase in quantity demanded for Good X. Therefore, Good X and Good Y are complementary goods, and an increase in the price of Good Y will lead to a decrease in the demand for Good Y and an increase in the demand for Good X.
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Question 11.13 A 10-year loan with level end-of-year payments is taken out at an annual effective rate of interest of 6.5%. The principal portion of the 6 th payment is 1,370.65. Calculate the total amount of interest paid on the loan. A 5,237 B 5,258 C 5,279 D 5,300 E 5,321
The total amount of interest paid on the loan is $1,036.80.The answer is not in the option.
To calculate the total amount of interest paid on the loan, we need to first find the annual payment, and then multiply it by the number of payments made over the course of the loan.
The principal portion of the 6th payment is $1,370.65, which means that the remaining portion of the payment is the interest. To find the annual payment, we can use the present value of an annuity formula:PV = A * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r
Where PV is the present value or principal amount of the loan, A is the annual payment, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods.
Since we are given the principal portion of the 6th payment, we can calculate the present value by multiplying it by (1 + r)^(n-1):PV = Principal portion of 6th payment / (1 + r)^(n-1)
= $1,370.65 / (1 + 0.065)^(6-1)
= $1,370.65 / 1.3980625
= $979.89
Now, we can solve for the annual payment:$979.89 = A * (1 - (1 + 0.065)^(-10)) / 0.065
Simplifying the equation:
0.065 * $979.89 = A * (1 - (1.065)^(-10))
63.69 = A * (1 - 0.38554217)
63.69 = A * 0.61445783
A = $103.68
To find the total amount of interest paid, we multiply the annual payment by the number of payments:
Total interest = Annual payment * Number of payments
= $103.68 * 10
= $1,036.80
Therefore, the total amount of interest paid on the loan is $1,036.80.The answer is not in the options.
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Should citizens participating in
criminal trials should have some requirements such as someone who
has a degree? Or someone who makes at least $20,000 per year? Why
or why not?
Citizens participating in criminal trials should not be required to have a degree or make a certain amount of money per year. This is because such requirements would create inequalities in the justice system and violate the principle of equal protection under the law that is enshrined in the US Constitution.
First, requiring citizens to have a degree in order to participate in criminal trials would discriminate against those who cannot afford higher education. This would create an unfair advantage for those who are more affluent and better-educated, and it would prevent many people from serving on juries or as witnesses.
Secondly, requiring citizens to make a certain amount of money per year would also create inequalities. Poorer citizens would be excluded from participating in criminal trials, which would violate their rights to equal protection under the law. Moreover, wealth is not necessarily a measure of a person's ability to serve as a juror or a witness. A person's income level does not necessarily correlate with their intelligence, education, or integrity
.In conclusion,citizens should not be required to have a degree or make a certain amount of money per year in order to participate in criminal trials. Doing so would violate the principle of equal protection under the law, create inequalities, and prevent many people from participating in the justice system.
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