Why are molecules clocks important to construction of cladgram

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:Molecular clocks are used to compare the number of mutations to determine how long ago a species separated and evolved.

Explanation: Yw.

Answer 2

Answer:

They compare the number of mutations to figure out when species split off and evolved.

Molecular clocks analyze the total amount of distinct nucleotides in two organisms' genomes to determine when they diverged from one another. The dates of evolutionary branch points are determined by the average pace at which a certain gene evolves. The molecular clocks compare the number of mutations to calculate how long ago species split and evolved in this way.


Related Questions

HUMAN EGGS AND SPERM EACH CONTAIN 23 _____, WHICH ARE COMPOSED OF LONG STRANDS OF _________.

Answers

Explanation:

HUMAN EGGS AND SPERM EACH CONTAIN 23 "Chromosomes"

WHICH ARE COMPOSED OF LONG STRANDS OF "DNA"

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 chromosomes, which are composed of long strands of DNA.

What are Chromosomes?

Chromosomes may be defined as the thin, thread-like structure that appears during cell division. Chromosomes are generally found in the nucleus of the cell in the form of thread. These thread-like structures are made up of DNA, RNA, histones, and non-histone proteins.

The Chromosome was first discovered by E. Strasburger in 1875. But the term chromosome was given by Waldeyer in 1888.

Almost all the cells of the human body have 46 chromosomes. But there are two types of cells that are structurally and functionally different. These are known as the egg cells which are present in females and the sperm cells which are present in males.

Both these cell types in humans only have 23 chromosomes instead of 46. These chromosomes are remarkably composed of long and double strands of DNA.

Therefore, human eggs and sperm each contain 23 chromosomes, which are composed of long strands of DNA.

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silt suspended in the water surrounding a coral reef near
the coast of a small island community in the Caribbean Sea

Origin:

Effect on one organism:

Effect on humans:
mercury in the water of a large lake that is popular for fishing

Origin:

Effect on one organism:

Effect on humans:

Answers

Pollution of water bodies due industrial wastes kills aquatic organisms and this disrupts food source for humans.

What are the effect of silt on aquatic organisms?

Silt refers to small fine particles of sand or mud that forms a suspension in water.

Silt in oceans usually come from rivers opening into the sea

The silt suspended in the water surrounding a coral reef near the coast of a small island community in the Caribbean Sea will originate from rivers and streams opening into the sea.

The silt will reduce the population of algae on the coral reef as they increase water turbidity.

This will reduce fish population in the area and the food source for humans.

Industrial wastes are a source of mercury in lakes.

The presence of mercury will poison the lake and kill the fishes in the lake.

It will also make the water unfit for drinking by humans.

Therefore, pollution of water bodies kills aquatic organisms and this disrupts food source for humans.

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What happened to the mass of the ice after it melted?

Answers

No particles are destroyed and none are added. In addition, the size and shape of the particles does not change. Therefore matter, and mass (or weight), is conserved (stays the same) during phase change, contrary to what many students think.

PLEASE HELP I HAVE THIS DUE TODAY​

Answers

Answer:

C. The diversity of Earth's species.

Explanation:

So, pretty much all of the other options in some way impact wind patterns, but honestly, I don't see how biodiversity impacts it.

How many phosphate minerals most affected human activity

Answers

Answer:

How much phosphorus does the human body have?

How much phosphorus do I need?

Life Stage Recommended Amount

Children 9 to 13 years old 1,250 mg

Adolescents 14 to 18 years old 1,250 mg

Pregnant and lactating adolescents 1,250 mg

Adults over 19 years of age 700 mg

Explanation:

What creates the van Allen belts

Answers

Explanation:

The Van allen radiation belt is a zone of

energetic charged particles,most of which originate from the solar wind.

Answer:

direction of charged particles

Explanation:

The Endangered Species Act was passed in 1973, but many people today feel that the Endangered Species Act has not done enough to protect endangered species from human impacts. do you think that it needs to be updated? Give specific examples why or why not.

Answers

Answer:

Absolutely

Explanation:

only 3 percent of species protected by the law have recovered to the point where they are no longer threatened or endangered. The ESA can and should be strengthened so that it not only continues to protect species, but also promotes their full recovery.

In the last 100 years we human beings have eliminated 10 times more species than have disappeared in the past at the natural background rate. Without conservation, we are at risk of losing precious wildlife and depriving future generations of America’s heritage.

With the growing menace of climate change, many more species need our protection. In 1973, there were only 78 species listed in the ESA; now there are almost 1,600.

A scientist, who wants to study the effects of precipitation on rice crops, sets up an experiment with 4 groups of rice crops.
Which statement best describes the relationship between the dependent and independent variables in this study?

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

brainly pls

An independent variable is a variable that is changed or manipulated in a scientific experiment to examine how it affects the dependent variable.

What are the dependent and independent variables?

Relies on the variables you're using and the functions connecting them. A variable is dependent or independent, depending on whether its value changes as a result of a change in another variable.

In a scientific experiment, an independent variable is a variable that is altered or controlled to see how it impacts the dependent variable.

The variable being tested and measured in an experiment is referred to as the dependent variable.

Therefore, occurs as a result of the independent variable is referred to as a dependent variable.

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The mad scientist put a human brain into a robust body. The body is
A
smart.

B
strong.

C
beautiful.

D
admired.

Answers

Answer:

strong

Explanation:

There no way a a robust body could be beautiful,admired or smart

Answer: A

Explanation: I'm sure that the answer is the most obvious one?

Which of the following is NOT correct?
Group of answer choices

tetracyclines bind to ribosomes and inhibit protein synthesis


sulfonamides inhibit folic acid synthesis

bacitracin inhibits ATP synthase and block energy production

quinolones inhibit DNA replication

rifampins (rifamycin) inhibit RNA transcription

Answers

Answer:

sulfonamides inhibit folic acid synthesis

Explanation:

sorry if wrong

How do the functions of the skeletal and muscular system differ?

Answers

The skeletal system supports body structures; muscular system carries out the nerve commands to produce movement.

Hope this helps!

Which energy resource is inexpensive, helps with garbage disposal, and reduces the need for landfills, protecting habitat?
O Hydropower
O Natural gas
O Petroleum
O Biomass

Answers

The energy resource is inexpensive, helps with garbage disposal, and reduces the need for landfills, protecting habitat Biomass.

How do renewable energy sources help the environment?

Environmental and economic benefits of using renewable energy contains develping energy that has no greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and decrease some types of air pollution.

Diversifying energy supply and reducing dependence on imported fuels.

Thus, Biomass energy is energy generated or produced by living or once-living organisms.

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Fossils of a primitive whale called Basilosaurus have been found in many parts of the southeastern U.S., including the Gulf states of Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana. This creature lived in the sea during the Eocene epoch, which lasted from about 55 million to 34 million years ago.

What do these fossils suggest about the areas of land in which they are found?
A.
Humans lived in the areas before Basilosaurus.
B.
The areas were once covered by the sea.
C.
Humans and Basilosaurus lived in the areas together.
D.
The areas were deserts in the past.

Answers

Answer:

B The areas were once covered by the sea! Hope this helps.

What enzymes help digest proteins?

Answers

Answer: Amylase (made in the mouth and pancreas; breaks down complex carbohydrates) Lipase (made in the pancreas; breaks down fats) Protease (made in the pancreas; breaks down proteins)

hope this helps !

Explanation:

Can snow form with a warm and cold front

Answers

Answer:

With a warm front, boundary between warm and cold air is more gradual than that of a cold front, which allows warm air to slowly rise and clouds to spread out into gloomy, overcast stratus clouds. Precipitation ahead of a warm front typically forms into a large shield of steady rain or snow.

2. What type of plants did Mendel use for his investigations? Why?
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3. What were the two types of fertilization Mendel used to breed the plants?
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what were the two types of fertilization mendel used to breed the plants?

Answers

Answer:

2. Mendel carried out his key experiments using the garden pea, Pisum sativum

3.self-fertilization.

what would happen if an individual had faulty spindle fibers

Answers

The chromatids would not separate.
their daughter cells would end up with the wrong number of chromosomes.

type a paragraph explaining how the atoms in sugar molecules can be
used to form amino acids and other large carbon-based molecules?
HELP PLS!!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:Sugar molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen: Their hydrocarbon backbones are used to make amino acids and other carbon-based molecules that can be assembled into larger molecules (such as proteins and DNA)

PLEASE HELP! Will give brainliest if it’s the correct answer!!!

This is a photo taken several years after the Kilauea volcano erupted in Hawaii. What type of succession is shown and how do you know?

Primary because there are only small plants growing,

Primary because a volcanic eruption covers the area in rock,

Secondary because small plants are able to grow soon after the disturbance

Secondary because you can still see trees in the background that were not covered by lava

Answers

Answer:

Primary because a volcanic eruption covers the area in rock

Explanation: Because there are no plant growing were the photo was took

What does home meant to you?

Answers

Answer:

home is a place if u get u should be thankful because there are people living in streets they have no such places to live

Why did the chicken cross the road?​

Answers

Answer:

to get to the other side

Explanation:

the chicken was running away from mcdonald’s :D

Which of the following had the lowest social hierarchy in Japanese culture during this time period?
A. Merchants
B. Peasants
C. Samurai
D. Emperor

Answers

Answer: The correct answer is B. Peasants

A gene is a short section of a
Each gene
for a different
Gones work in
There are different versions of
each gene, one is often
over the others.

Answers

Answer:

DNA

Explanation:

Reneka is a therapist who recently began dating Bill. One day, Bill expressed dissatisfaction with his current therapist and asks Reneka if she would be his new therapist. To maintain high ethical standards in this situation, Reneka should tell Bill that she cannot be his therapist because it is unethical to have a _____ with a client.

therapeutic alliance
informed consent
multiple relationship
violation of patient confidentiality

Answers

Reneka should tell Bill that she cannot be his therapist because it is unethical to have a multiple relationship with a client.

Ethical standards in health care delivery

Ethical standards are those rules guiding health care delivery in the health sector. This ensures that minimum to no ethical problems arise during delivery of health services to patients.

It is unethical to have multiple or dual relationship with your client because it can affect your ability to make the right decisions while delivering care to your patient.

Therefore, Reneka should tell Bill that she cannot be his therapist because it is unethical to have a multiple relationship with a client.

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Give an example of associative learning.

Answers

Answer:

The best example of this is ‘Pavlov’s dog’; classical conditioning is sometimes referred to as Pavlovian conditioning.

A honey bee's proboscis extension reflex - the bee extends its proboscis as a reflex to antennal stimulation.

Answer:

Examples of associative learning include: If someone puts their hand on a hot stove and hurts themselves, they may learn to associate hot stoves with pain, and have therefore been conditioned not to put their hands on them.

Explanation:

Correct me if im wrong

the term carbon footprint normally refers to the total amount of carbon dioxide that

Answers

each individual puts out based off their actions.

(ex: driving cars, supporting major corporations, etc.)

Which organ of the male reproductive system is only found on the posterior bladder wall?

Answers

Male reproductive system is mostly located outside to the body. The seminal vesicles are found only on the posterior wall of the bladder wall.

What are seminal vesicles?

Seminal vesicles are gland which is present in the male reproductive part and produces the fluid that makes semen.

These are located in the posterior wall of the urinary bladder. It is mainly associated with sperm formation.

Thus, it can be concluded that the male reproductive system is only found on the posterior bladder wall is seminal vesicle.

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It’s multiple-choice I just need the answers please

Answers

Answer:

2, 2, 1, 2, 4

Explanation:

Question 1. - Decomposers break apart dead organisms into simpler inorganic materials, making nutrients available to the plants/primary producers.

Question 2. - Energy decreases as it moves up trophic levels because the energy is lost as metabolic heat when the organisms are consumed by other ones from the next level.

Question 3. - Energy moves through an ecosystem in a single direction from the sun to autotrophs/producers, then from producers to heterotrophs/consumers. Never backward from consumers to producers.

Sun ⇒ Producers ⇒ Consumers ⇒ Decomposers

Question 4. - See Question 1.

Question 5. - Autotrophs don't need energy from other organisms. Instead, they use photosynthesis to get their food.

  - Note: Fungi cannot make their own food and therefore are not autotrophic. They do not have chloroplasts, instead, they are osmotrophic!

Why is evolution considered a theory

Answers

Because evolution has not been explicitly proven. There has been some evidence, but there is not enough real proof to support this. Even the man who invented the theory of evolution ended up not believing in his own theory at the time of his death. Overall, the premise of evolution is built on an unstable rock, a theory.

The steps of the DNA ladder are made of _____.

phosphoric acid
deoxyribose
nucleotides
paired nitrogen bases

Answers

Answer:

paired nitrogen bases

Explanation:

cytosine and guanine, adenine and thymine

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