which respiratory substrate has a respiratory quotient of 0.5​

Answers

Answer 1
How can it be used clinically?
The RQ is the ratio of the patient's carbon dioxide production (VCO2) to his or her oxygen consumption (VO2). These values are obtained by indirect calorimetry at the patient's bedside. The RQ is helpful in guiding the planning of nutritional therapy. The physiologic range for RQ values is 0.7 to 1.2 and is influenced by the relative contribution from fat, protein, and carbohydrate. RQ values for fat, protein, and carbohydrate are 0.7, 0.8, and 1.0, respectively. Thus, an RQ of >1.0 might suggest excessive carbohydrate or calorie provision that can result in increased CO2 production and cause difficulty weaning from mechanical ventilation. A RQ of <0.7 might suggest underfeeding and use of ketones as a fuel source. The use of energy fuels by animals and by a flame may be compared by considering the stoichiometry of the chemical reactions. They may also be compared by noting the amount of energy produced with complete oxidation of the fuel in question. The following discussion begins with the stoichiometry of combustion of simple compounds — such as paraffin, methane, and methanol — and then continues onto the combustion of more complex materials — such as glucose and fat. The study of the stoichiometry of various reactions requires the counting of the number of molecules of CO2 produced per molecule of fuel combusted, the number of water molecules produced, and the number of oxygen atoms (or molecules) consumed.
The stoichiometry involved in the combustion of fuels can be used to calculate a very interesting ratio: the number of CO2 molecules discharged from the body per number of oxygen molecules consumed. This ratio (CO2/O2) is called the respiratory quotient (RQ). The biochemical events of CO2 production and O2 utilization are a direct result of the oxidation of various fuels such as fat and glucose. The amount of O2 used is also influenced by the rate of synthesis of new fat in the body. Respiratory gases can be measured and analyzed quite easily. These measurements can be used to calculate the amount of CO2 produced and O2 used by the body over any given period. Calculating the RQ for a subject is quite easy and can provide remarkable insight into the overall behavior of energy fuels in the body. The RQ can provide only limited information on metabolism, but it is a powerful measurement.
The RQ is different for different fuels. For example, the RQ for the complete combustion of glucose is 1.0, and that for the complete combustion of fat is 0.7. These values are determined in three ways:
1.
On paper, by balancing chemical formulas, with no knowledge of metabolic pathways.
2.
By consideration of the biochemical pathways of the body, providing that these pathways have been memorized or are available in some format.
3.
Experimentally, by use of a furnace. The furnace contains an atmosphere of pure oxygen. A mechanism for igniting the fuel or food in question, as well as devices for measuring the amount of CO2 produced and O2 consumed, is available.
Knowledge of the RQ for different energy fuels can be used to determine the predominant fuel used by a particular organ of the body, such as the muscle or brain. To determine the RQ for a particular organ, the blood entering and exiting that organ must be analyzed. Most of the oxygen entering and exiting the organ is bound to hemoglobin. Most of the CO2 entering and exiting the organ is in the form of bicarbonate.

Related Questions

Which nucleotide base pairing would occur between molecules of DNA and
RNA?
G-T
A-G
T-U
U-A

Answers

e6. The cell membrane forms the b_________ between the cell and its e6. The cell membrane forms the b_________ between the cell and its e6. The cell membrane forms the b_________ between the cell and its e6. The cell membrane forms the b_________ between the cell and its e6. The cell membrane forms the b_________ between the cell and its e6. The cell membrane forms the b_________ between the cell and its e6. The cell membrane forms the b_________ between the cell and its e6. The cell membrane forms the b_________ between the cell and its e6. The cell membrane forms the b_________ between the cell and its e6. The cell membrane forms the b_________ between the cell and its e6. The cell membrane forms the b_________ between the cell and its e6. The cell membrane forms the b_________ between the cell and its e

Explanation:

how many liters of air do you breathe in one hour

Answers

Answer:

The average adult, when resting, inhales and exhales about 7 or 8 liters of air per minute. That totals about 11,000 liters of air per day. Inhaled air is about 20-percent oxygen. Exhaled air is about 15-percent oxygen.

Explanation:

Answer:

7 or 8 liters of air per minute.

11,000 liters of air per day.

Explanation:

19. The energy that animals need for their life functions is released when their cells carry out which of the following functions?

A.Breaking down glucose molecules
b.Moving molecules across membranes
c.Absorbing water from the environment
d.Eliminating waste products

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

During cellular respiration in most animals and plants, oxygen reacts with carbon containing molecules (sugars) to provide energy to cells of the organism. the flow of energy in organisms.

The following functions of energy in animal is :

B) Moving molecules across membranes.

Cellular Respiration

The following functions of energy in animal is the moving molecules across membranes.

The cellular respiration in most creatures and plants, oxygen responds with carbon containing atoms (sugars) to supply vitality to cells of the life form. the stream of vitality in living beings.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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Which of the following defines a blome?
•The collective term for all regions of Earth where life can exist.
•A region in which specific physical conditions support a distinctive blological community adapted to those conditions.
•Average weather conditions in a region over a long time period.

Answers

A habitat of organisms

Which statement correctly related how DNA, amino acids, and proteins are expressed in organisms?

Answers

Answer:

Hidden within the genetic code lies the "triplet code," a series of three nucleotides that determine a single amino acid.

Explanation:

What grows inside the bodies of coral that requires sunlight to survive?
A. seaweed
B. moss
C. kelp
D. algae

Answers

The answer is D; algae

In a solution, solute substances naturally tend to move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower
concentration.
What is the name of this process?
diffusion
passive transport
O equilibrium
osmosis

Answers

Answer:

The process is diffusion

Explanation:

Molecules or substances in solution move by various means. In osmosis, and passive diffusion, water or other substances move across a barrier or membrane.

In diffusion, molecules of a substance, like the solute (dissolved in a solvent) move from regions of high concentration down their concentration gradient, to a region of low concentration.

Answer:

can you explain your question better, thanks buddy ill answer you in the comments  .

Explanation:

Which phrase describes a feature of igneous rocks that cool quickly during formation?

small crystals

coarse surfaces

O found beneath Earth's surface

O exposed after erosion occurs

Answers

Answer:

Small crystals

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer is: Small Crystals

Explanation:

I took the test on Edge 2020 and got 100%

_______ is emotional, mental, and physical fatigue that results in reduced motivation, enthusiasm, and performance, which is _____ with the term stress.

Answers

sorry but i know only the first part. first word is burnout. not sure about second one.

Burnout is emotional, mental, and physical fatigue that results in reduced motivation, enthusiasm, and performance, which is associated with the term stress.

What is Burnout?

Burnout is a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. It can occur when an individual feels overwhelmed, emotionally drained, and unable to meet constant demands. Burnout can affect different aspects of a person's life, including work, family, and social relationships.

Burnout is often characterized by symptoms such as feeling emotionally drained and detached, experiencing a sense of reduced accomplishment or effectiveness, and feeling cynical or negative about work. It can also cause physical symptoms such as headaches, digestive issues, and a weakened immune system.

Factors that can contribute to burnout include a high workload, lack of control over work, unclear job expectations, lack of support from colleagues and supervisors, and a mismatch between personal values and the organization's culture or mission.

To prevent burnout, it's important to practice self-care, set boundaries, take breaks, prioritize tasks, and seek support from colleagues or mental health professionals if needed.

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Whoever answers gets brainlist!

Answers

Universe, galaxy, solar system, star, planet, moon

Answer: universe, galaxy ,solar system, planet, moon, star

Explanation:can i get brainliest

i think thts the right order

Use the chart below to determine the amino acid sequence of the following strand of mRNA.
mRNA strand: AUGAAGGGCUGA
Amino Acids:

Answers

Answer:

Amino Acids:  Met, Lys, Gly, Stop

:D

Why is it important to preserve plant seeds so they are available in the future?

Answers

Answer:

Climate change is a BIG problem thats why we need to store and preserve seeds with these EXTREME weather conditions .

Explanation:

unless u want to look at dirt

Х
14
lo
6
Most of the aerobic respiration of a cell takes place in which structure?
A) chloroplast
Blysosome
C vacuole
D) mitochondrion

Answers

D the mitochondrion

Which characteristic is shared by telophase and anaphase

Answers

The study of a cell is called cell biology.

The division of the old cell to make the new cell is called cell division or cell cycle.

In the cell cycle, there are two-phase. These two phases are as follows:-

InterphaseM- phase.

There are 4 phases in the M -phase, out of which the two-phase is telophase and anaphase.

In anaphase, it is considered as the splitting of the chromosome.

In telophase, it is concerned with the packing of new divide chromosome.

Hence, the answer is mentioned above.

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Green pea plants are dominant. (G) Yellow pea plants are recessive. (g) What percentage chance is it that a yellow pea plant would come from one parent being green (Gg) and the other being Green (Gg).

Answers

Answer:

25%

Explanation:

if you set up a punnett square you'll get GG,Gg, Gg, and gg. only gg would be yellow so 25%

Science is always changing.
Which of the following leads to the new
developments in science?

A. ecosystems that remain the same

B. existing scientific laws

C. developing technologies

D. increasing populations

Answers

The development of technologies

what are the range biodiversity ecosystem services

Answers

Answer:

Ecosystem services are the goods and services that biodiversity provides. They include soil formation, the provision of food and fibre, air quality and climate regulation, the regulation of water supply and quality and the cultural and aesthetic value of certain plants and species.

Label the chart using the word bank below:

Can anybody help?

Answers

Answer:

1. Sunlight

2. Photosynthesis

3. Chloroplast

4. Oxygen *

5. Glucose *

6. Mitochondria

7. Cellular Respiration

8. Water *

9. Carbon Dioxide *

10. ATP

* = 4 and 5 can be still switched around as they are products of photosynthesis. The order for 4 and 5 shouldn't matters since they are still products.

* = 8 and 9 can also be still switched around as they are products of cellular respiration. The order for 8 and 9 shouldn't matters since they are still products.

Biology enzymes! Help me somebody please.

Answers

Answer:

I think your on track with C.

Explanation:

So your doing pretty good with C, but don't comment on my answer next time to look at another & another for me to solve for you. Because;

1. It's annoying.

2. I can't carry you like a baby through every question of your test, it's cheating.

How do you solve this problem
-3 ≤-2x + 5 < 1

Answers

[tex]{ \qquad\qquad\huge\underline{{\sf Answer}}} [/tex]

Let's solve the inequality ~

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: - 3 \leqslant - 2x + 5 < 1[/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: - 3 - 5\leqslant - 2x + 5 - 5 < 1 - 5[/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: - 8 \leqslant - 2x < - 4[/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: - 8 \div 2\leqslant - 2x \div 2 < - 4 \div 2[/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: - 4 \leqslant - x < - 2[/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: 4 \geqslant x > 2[/tex]

So, we can conclude that : value of x belongs to (2 , 4]

40 POINTS

The theory of plate tectonics states that the outer layer of Earth is divided into large, rigid blocks called plates. What could happen that may lead to a change in this theory?


A Scientists discover new information about Earth's layers.

B Scientists begin observing Earth's outer layer.

C Scientists update their opinion of the theory.

D Scientists revise the definition of theory so that it fits with what they believe.

Answers

The situation that may lead to a change in the theory of plate tectonics is the fact that scientists discover new information about Earth's layers (Option A).

What is a scientific theory?

A scientific theory is a well-sustained body of empirical evidence to show the explanation of observations of the real world, which may change if new evidence emerges.

In conclusion, The situation that may lead to a change in the theory of plate tectonics which states that the outer layer of Earth is divided into large, rigid blocks called plates is the fact that scientists discover new information about Earth's layers (Option A).

Learn more about a scientific theory here:

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In humans what happens when the breathing rate increases
2 points
1) Additional oxygen will diffuse into the blood as
carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood in the
lungs.
2) Additional carbon dioxide will diffuse into the
blood as oxygen diffuses out of the blood in the
lungs.
3) Oxygen from body cells will diffuse more rapidly
into red blood cells.
4) Increased oxygen dissolved in the blood will
stimulate the cerebrum to slow the breathing rate.
1
2
3
4

Answers

Answer:

As your level of activity increases, your breathing rate increases to bring more air (oxygen) into your lungs so that your lungs can pump more oxygen into your blood and out to your muscles.

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

The answer is B. :)

Did the assignment and got it right!

Select the statements that best explain Makali's GALT activity levels? Makali may have a mutation in the gene that encodes galactokinase. Makali may produce no GALT enzyme. Makali may have normal amounts of GALT, but the enzyme may be mutated. Makali may produce only small amounts of a non-mutated (wild-type) GALT enzyme.

Answers

Answer:

Makali may produce only small amounts of a non-mutated (wild-type) GALT enzyme.

Makali may have normal amounts of GALT, but the enzyme may be mutated.

Explanation:

Makali is lactose intolerant because of his ancestry. Because of this he is not able to digest any lactose which indirectly protected him from galactosemia. Thus he must avoid consuming galactose. He has a low GALT or galactose 1‑phosphate uridylyltransferase activity. He has a normal amount of GALT and may produce only small amounts.  

Why is replication called "semi-conservative"?

Answers

Semi consecration produces two copies that have a original strand of dna

In which structure is energy produced in both the plant and animal cells?
A. cytoplasm
B. mitochondrion
C. nucleus
D. vacuole

Answers

Answer: B. Mitochondrion

Explanation: Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in both plant and animal cells, and provide energy for the cell by converting different forms of reactants into ATP.

Mitochondrion is responsible for energy production.

8) Anytime a Glucose Molecule is broken down in the Cytoplasm how many
ATP are released?
2
4
36
38

Answers

Answer:

2

Explanation:

This question is describing the process of cellular respiration, which is the breakdown of glucose molecule in the cell to yield energy (ATP). However, the process of cellular respiration is further divided into stages viz: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Glycolysis is the first stage of the process, which occurs in the CYTOPLASM of the cell. Hence, this question is specifically describing the process of glycolysis. During glycolysis, glucose molecule is broken down in a series of steps to yield a net of 2 ATP molecules.

9. What is the function of nucleic acids? *
a) store genetic information
b)store energy (long-term)
Oc)store energy (short-term)
O d)build skin, hair, nails, muscles

Answers

Answer:

a option

Explanation:

Please mark me brainliest

34. A parent cell with 24 chromosomes enters meiosis. Which type of cell is
produced when meiosis is completed?
А) a cell with 24 chromosomes, genetically identical to the parent cell
(В) a cell with 24 chromosomes, but not genetically identical to the parent cell
a cell with 12 chromosomes, and one chromosome is donated from each
homologous pair of the parent cell
0 a cell with 12 chromosomes, and 6 homologous pairs of chromosomes are donated
from each parent cell

Answers

Answer:

a cell with 12 chromosomes, and one chromosome is donated from each

homologous pair of the parent cell

Explanation:

Meiosis is one of the two types of cell division that involves sexual reproduction. Meiosis is the division that involves the production of four daughter cells (gametes) with each having its chromosomal number reduced by half. Meiosis is called "reduction division" because it reduces the chromosome number of the parent cell.

In this question, a parent cell with 24 chromosomes is said to enter meiosis. This means that after the meiotic division, daughter cells with 12 chromosomes will be produced in such a way that one of each homologous pair of chromosome (chromosomes from male and female parent) is donated to each gamete.

Question 14
2 pts
Which part of the water cycle occurs when the Sun's energy causes liquid water on
Earth's surface to turn into water vapor and rise into the atmosphere?
O transpiration
O evaporation
O precipitation
O condensation
< Previous
Next >

Answers

Explanation:

condensation

Need answer very quickly please!!!

Which statement best describes how carbohydrates help the body maintain
homeostasis?
O A. They help the body fend off pathogens.
B. They provide the body with energy.
C. They provide the body with good genes.
OD. They help regulate body temperature.

Answers

Answer:

They provide the body with energy.

Explanation:

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