Answer:Evolution of brown bears to polar bears
Evolutionary studies suggest that polar bears evolved from brown bears during the ice ages. The oldest polar bear fossil, a jaw bone found in Svalbard, is dated at about 110,000 to 130,000 years old. DNA comparisons suggest the species may have split at least 150,000 years ago, and maybe longer.
Explanation:
what are the two types of dental caries described by location? group of answer choices attrition and erosion panoramic and extraoral pit and fissure, and smooth surface translucent and opaque
The two types of dental caries described by location is pit and fissure, and is therefore denoted as option C.
What is Dental caries?This is a medical condition which is also referred to as tooth decay or cavities and occurs when certain bacteria in the mouth converts sugar into acid and then it demineralizes and erodes the enamel thereby resulting in holes being formed in the area.
The enamel is the structure found in the teeth that serves as insulator which protects other delicate tissues from chemical and physical forces for its optimal functioning.
There are however two types of dental caries described by location and they are pit and fissure. These condition can be treated using the application of fluorides and also antibacterials to the affected area for best possible result.
Read more about Teeth here https://brainly.com/question/8051797
#SPJ1
people of india confound traditional racial categories because they fit most closely in terms of biological characteristics with people from europe, yet many have dark skin.
A race is a classification of people into groups that are typically considered unique within a given society based on shared physical or social characteristics.
Native Alaskans or American Indians- a person with ancestry from one of the indigenous inhabitants of North or South America (including Central America), who still maintain ties to their tribe or community.Asian- Any individual with ancestry in one of the indigenous populations of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent, such as those from Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, or Vietnam.African American or Black - a person with African black racial ancestry from any of the black racial groups. Along with "Black or African American," other terms like "Haitian" or "Negro" can also be used.Latino or Hispanic - regardless of race, a person with Spanish heritage, including those from Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, South or Central America, or elsewhere. Along with "Hispanic or Latino," the adjective "Spanish origin" is also acceptable.Hawaiian or a native of another Pacific Island- one who is descended from one of the indigenous populations of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.White- an individual with ancestry from one of the indigenous populations of Europe, the Middle East, or North AfricaLearn more about the race here:
https://brainly.com/question/27129680
#SPJ4
how the water cycle relates to 3 of the Earth's spheres.
Answer:
Evaporation of water from the hydrosphere will cause it to become part of the atmosphere.
Precipitation will let the water in the atmosphere can return to the hydrosphere. Or alternatively, it will sink into ground as groundwater and become part of the geosphere.
item at position 22 identify and label the following attacks by dragging the term on the left to the definition on the right. not all terms are used.
Masquerading
1) An attacker deceives staff into granting access to sensitive data or protected systems by posing as someone who needs or is authorized to have that access.
Whaling
2) A hacker impersonating a reputable company sends emails to high-profile employees requesting them to confirm personal information or send money.
Vishing
3) Attackers pose as representatives of reputable companies using Voice over IP (VoIP), asking victims to confirm personal information or send money.
Spear phishing
4) Attackers invite victims to confirm personal information or send money in emails that contain specific information about the victim (such as the online banks they use)
Scarcity
5) Attackers try to persuade the victim that they will lose out on something—a thing, an opportunity, or an experience—if they don't act immediately.
To learn more about masquerade visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13805414
#SPJ4
What systems get put to work when building a home?
The systems which are involved in building a home are the plumbing, heating, electrical and air systems.
What makes up the building of a home?The construction of a house or home is a very wide system which consist of different sessions or parts. These parts which makes up a building home are quiet technical and without them, the building is not complete.
The plumbing as a part is concerned with session which controls and supply water to every nooks and crannies of the building as water is very important for both building and life sustenance.
The electrical areas or session of a building involves the connection of electricity into different parts of the building. Where the electrical aspect of a house is absent, the residents have limited access to certain activities such as pressing of clothes, electrical kitchen utensils, the entertainment systems and other parts.
So therefore, the construction of a building system includes the plumbing, heating, electrical and air systems.
Read more on building:
https://brainly.com/question/19542661
#SPJ1
effect of habitat fragmentation on genetic drift habitat fragmentation is a big concern to conservation biologists. how will habitat fragmentation affect evolution by genetic drift?
Habitat fragmentation will increase the effect of genetic drift and lead to a decrease in variation.
What Habitat fragmentation ?Genetic drift is the phenomena that occurs in populations of organisms as a result of unintentional occurrences that change the frequency of gene variants. The process may cause an alteration in the characteristics of the organisms, which would result in their evolution.
Habitat fragmentation is the process of cutting a habitat up into smaller fragments. This procedure reduces the population's size, which accelerates the population's genetic drift. Due to the unusual alleles being eliminated from the population, this process reduced genetic variation.Learn more about Habitat fragmentation here:
https://brainly.com/question/14086371
#SPJ4
what is the best test reagent for protein quantitation? why is that reagent considered to be the best reagent?
ProteOrange reagent is the best test reagent for protein quantitation.
The ProteOrange reagent's distinctive structure enables the precise protein detection in solutions with concentrations between 10 ng/mL and 10 g/mL. This degree of sensitivity is far higher than that attained by the Bradford assay, Lowry assay, BCA technique, or 280 nm absorption measurements.
ProteOrange Reagent- A fluorescent dye called ProteOrange is used to stain proteins in gels. SYPRO orange's equivalent is called ProteOrange.
Reagent- A substance that is used because of its chemical or biological effects (for example, in creating a product, developing images, or detecting or measuring a component).
To know more about the Reagent, click on the below link,
https://brainly.com/question/28196410
#SPJ4
fang, y., kolmakova-partensky, l., and miller, c. (2007) a bacterial arginine-agmatine exchange transporter involved in extreme acid resistance. j. biol. chem. 282, 176−182.
By decarboxylating arginine, Escherichia coli's severe acid resistance response is arginine-dependent.
A proton is actually exported with each turnover of the membrane antiporter AdiC, which catalyzes the decarboxylation product agmatine's efflux together with arginine influx.
Extreme acid resistance is facilitated by a bacterial arginine-agmatine exchange transporter.We produced and purified the transport protein using the adiC coding sequence under the control of a tetracycline promoter in an E. coli vector, with a yield of roughly 10 mg/liter bacterial culture. In detergent micelles and lipid membranes, the protein is a homodimer, according to tests using the cross-linking of glutaraldehyde. In liposome form, purified AdiC exchanges arginine and agmatine in a closely linked, electrogenic manner. The dissociation constant for Arg, as calculated by isothermal titration calorimetry, is in the same range as the K(m) value obtained through kinetic analysis, which is around 80 microm.learn more about extreme acid resistance here
https://brainly.com/question/20903713
#SPJ4
biofilm occurs least frequently: group of answer choices on proximal surfaces. at the gingival margin. around the gingival third of the tooth. on anterior surfaces.
assume that a spherical cell, with a diameter of 20 μm, has spherical mitochondria, each with a diameter of 0.2 μm. if mitochondria occupy 10% of the volume of the cell, how many mitochondria are there?
The total number of mitochondria is 1000 units of mitochondria.
Area of Cell,[tex]4\pi r^{2}[/tex]= 4 x 3.14 x [tex]10^{2}[/tex] = 1257μm
10% of the cell area = [tex]\frac{1257 x 10}{100}[/tex] = 125.7 = 126
Area of Mitochondria,[tex]4\pi r^{2}[/tex]= 4 x 3.14 x [tex]0.1^{2}[/tex] = 0.1256 = 0.126
Total number of mitochondria in a cell are = [tex]\frac{Final Cell Area}{Mitochondria Cell Area}[/tex]Total number of mitochondria in a cell are= [tex]\frac{126}{0.126}[/tex]= 1000Mitochondria- It's the power house of the cell responsible for ATP/Energy production, and also carry out several other important function to help in surviving of the cell.
To know more about Mitochondria, click on the below link,
https://brainly.com/question/18540744
#SPJ4
water with less than 1% ____ concentration
Answer:
water with less than 1 percent would kill the human life and animals also
name the peripheral nervous system component responsible for the transmission of action potentials from the cns to the periphery.
The component of the peripheral nervous system responsible for the transmission of action potentials from the CNS to the periphery is motor neurons.
What are motor neurons?Motor neurons are a special class of nerve cells that transmit nerve impulses across the body, i.e., away from the central nervous system (CNS) towards muscle cells.
In conclusion, the component of the peripheral nervous system responsible for the transmission of action potentials from the CNS to the periphery is motor neurons.
Learn more about motor neurons here:
https://brainly.com/question/13061744
#SPJ1
Please Help due soon.
. Where in the brain is the ability to control impulses located and how does it affect adolescent behavior?
Answer:
The Prefrontal Cortex (The frontal lobe) is the part of the brain where thinking, decision making, and thinking about consequences occur. Changes in this part of the brain occur when you are in adolescents witch can cause mood swings, and inability to control some impulses.
Explanation:
Hope this helps! =D
The endocrine system is responsible for hormone synthesis and secretion in animals. What types of organelles would you expect to find in great number in endocrine cells?.
The endocrine system is responsible for hormone synthesis and secretion in animals. Organelles of the endomembrane system is expect to find in great number in endocrine cells.
Endocrine System- The glands & organs that produce hormones & release them into the bloodstream so they can reach all of the body's tissues and organs. Growth and development, metabolism, & reproduction are just a few of the vital processes in the body that are regulated by the hormones the endocrine system secretes.
Hormone- Chemicals called hormones function in the body as messenger molecules. They are created in one area of the body and then go to other areas where they assist regulate how cells & organs function.
To know more about the Endomembrane System, click on the below link,
https://brainly.com/question/11458264
#SPJ1
Summarize the process a scientist goes through to come up with a satisfactory solution.
Answer
at the time this article was written (2011), how many and what types of genomes have been sequenced? give a general summary.
30 cancer types, heart disease and diabetes, and in inherited diseases that cause physical malformations, developmental delay and metabolic diseases.
Malformation: A structural defect in the physique due to extraordinary embryonic or fetal development. There are many sorts of malformations. For example, cleft lip and cleft palate. Congenital malformation can be defined as structural or functional anomalies that take place for the duration of intrauterine life. Also called delivery defects, congenital disorders, or congenital malformations, these stipulations boost prenatally and may additionally be identified before or at birth, or later in life.
Learn more about malformations here:
https://brainly.com/question/14675131
#SPJ4
Which theory is most widely supported by scientists as an explanation of how life began on Earth?
Answer: abiogenesis
Explanation:
which of these brain abilities is what makes the human brain unique? plasticity action potential axon all-or-none response
Answer:
plasticity
Explanation:
plasticity is ongoing throughout life and involves brain cells other than neurons,it occurs as a result of learning,experience,and memory formation. This helps the brain modify it connections or wire itself,without this the brain can not recover from brain injury or would not be able to develop from infancy through to adulthood.
sudhof neurons assemble in intricate circuits by forming precise connections with the right synaptic partners
Synapses are specialized junctions between neurons in intelligence that transmit and compute information, thereby connecting neurons into hundreds of thousands of overlapping and interdigitated neural circuits. Here we posit that the establishment, properties, and dynamics of synapses are ruled via a molecular logic that is managed using various trans-synaptic signaling molecules. Neurexins, expressed in heaps of alternatively spliced isoforms, are central factors of this dynamic code. Presynaptic neurexins modify synapse residences via differential binding to multifarious postsynaptic ligands, such as neuroligins, cerebellin/GluD complexes, and latrophilins, thereby shaping the input/output relations of their resident neural circuits. Mutations in genes encoding neurexins and their ligands are associated with diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia, autism, and Tourette syndrome. Thus, neurexins nucleate an overall trans-synaptic signaling community that controls synapse properties, thereby determining the unique responses of synapses to spike patterns in a neuron and circuit, and that is vulnerable to impairments in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Synapses refer to the factors of contact between neurons the place records is surpassed from one neuron to the next. Synapses most regularly shape between axons and dendrites, and consist of a presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, and a postsynaptic neuron.
Learn more about Synapses here:
https://brainly.com/question/9206844
#SPJ4
cell-free-dna-based copy number index score in epithelial ovarian cancer-impact for diagnosis and treatment monitoring
Cell-Free-DNA-Based Copy Number Index Score in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer-Impact for Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring, the statement is correct.
What is ovarian cancer ?The female reproductive system have two ovaries, and it is a size of an almond produce eggs and other female reproductive hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
Ovarian cancer is referred as the abnormal growth of cells formed in the ovaries where the cells multiply continuously and can invade, destroy healthy tissue.
The symptoms of ovarian cancer include Abdominal bloating or swelling, Quickly feeling full when eating, Weight loss, Discomfort in the pelvic area, Fatigue, Back pain, constipation, frequent urination.
The types of ovarian cancer include Epithelial ovarian cancer most common type of ovarian cancer related to cancer arise from the surface of the ovary, secondly Fallopian Tube Cancer and Primary Peritoneal Cancer.
Germ Cell ovarian cancer refers to cancer in reproductive cells, Stromal cell ovarian cancer observed in connective tissue cells, Small cell carcinoma (SCCO) rare ovarian cancer in ovarian epithelial cells.
Learn more about ovarian cancer, here:
https://brainly.com/question/25637266
#SPJ4
8. organisms are closed systems that require an input of energy in order to maintain their high level of complexity and organization.
organisms are closed systems that require an input of energy in order to maintain their high level of complexity and organization.
False
What are organisms?
A single person or being is referred to as an organism. Despite having numerous independent pieces, the organism cannot exist without the parts since the parts are dependent on the organism to function.
Simple organisms only have an information molecule that explains how to gather energy and reproduce the information molecule. Other, more intricate multicellular organisms go through elaborate mating rituals to combine two haploid cells into a new organism.
Because there is such a wide variety of life on Earth, there are constantly fresh definitions of what constitutes an organism being proposed.
To learn more about Organisms
brainly.com/question/13278945
#SPJ4
Which membrane bound organelle contains chromosomes and pores for genetic material to pass
through?
tyndall and cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant form of bacteria called a(n)
Tyndall and Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant bacteria called Endospore.
What are Endospores?Endospores are a special class of bacterial reproductive structure that remains conserved as dormant for emerging during advantageous periods, which is observed in the group Bacillota.
In conclusion, Tyndall and Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant bacteria called Endospore.
Learn more about Endospores here:
https://brainly.com/question/27961014
#SPJ1
starch and cellulose are both polymers of glucose, but humans can digest starch and not cellulose. why do the properties of starch and cellulose differ, since they are both polymers of glucose?
Explanation:
starch and cellulose are both homopolymers of glucose,meaning they are only made of repeating unitsof glucose molecules.however thei structure is different based on how the glucose molecules are connected. starch is made of two types glucose polymers :amylose and amylopectin
pepper mild mottle virus, a plant virus associated with specific immune responses, fever, abdominal pains, and pruritus in humans.
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus, a Plant Virus Associated with Specific Immune Responses, Fever, Abdominal Pains, and Pruritus in Humans. It is a correct statement.
What is the effect of PMMoV on immune responses?Some metagenomic studies have helped in the recognition of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) which is viable. It is a plant virus seen in the stool of healthy subjects. The source of this pathogen has not been determined.
There is a study that has recognized a local source of this virus and linked its presence to RNA in the stool. It had a specific immune response and clinical symptoms.
The clinical symptoms can be attributed to other factors that include spicy food. The data suggests that there is a possibility of a pathogenic role which can be direct or indirect in the case of plant viruses in humans.
Therefore, it is a correct statement.
Read more about plant viruses, here
https://brainly.com/question/28297140
#SPJ4
how would wind energy be used in the production and development of trail mix
When the kinetic energy of the wind is turned into mechanical power, wind energy is produced. Massive wind turbines are employed to sustain our houses' and businesses' electrical infrastructure today. But since the invention of the windmill, we've been using the wind's energy to do things like pump water and grind grain.
What additional purposes does wind energy serve today? Here's a deeper look at how we're utilizing wind energy.
1. To lessen our negative environmental effects, we employ wind energy.
A clean and non-polluting source of energy is wind power. When wind power facilities were originally built in the 1990s, they were able to offset 2.5 billion pounds of carbon dioxide and 15 million pounds of other pollutants that would have been produced by the production of electricity from fossil fuels. That equates to the planting of approximately 200 million trees.
2. We employ wind energy to reduce the total cost of energy generation.
It is true that early investments in wind energy are greater than first investments in electricity from fossil fuels. The equipment required to build a wind turbine accounts for around 80% of its price. Considering the life cycle When long-term demands are taken into account, the cost of wind energy is cheaper since fuel and operational costs are significantly lower throughout the course of each wind generator.
Learn more about fossil fuels https://brainly.com/question/2029072
#SPJ9
What makes up muscle tissur
Muscle tissue is formed during embryonic development, in a process known as myogenesis. Muscle tissue contains special contractile proteins called actin and myosin which contract and relax to cause movement. Among many other muscle proteins present are two regulatory proteins, troponin and tropomyosin.
What cells makes up muscle tissue?Muscle tissue cells are muscle fibers (or myocytes), which have a special ability: they contract (shorten) or lengthen, according to the body's needs. In addition, they cluster in bundles.
Muscle tissue is a type of animal tissue that has as its most striking feature its ability to contract. This tissue is essential for the functioning of our body, being responsible for ensuring, for example, our movements and the heartbeat.
With this information, we can conclude that Muscle Tissue Is specialized for contraction and produces all body movement
Learn more about Muscle in brainly.com/question/9883108
#SPJ1
The binding of lipophilic messengers, such as steroid hormones, to their receptors triggers.
TheThe binding of lipophilic messengers, such as steroid hormones, to their receptors triggers gene transcription
What does gene transcription serve as a means for?Making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence is the aim of transcription. The RNA copy, or transcript, of a gene that codes for proteins carries the instructions needed to assemble a polypeptide (protein or protein subunit). Before translating into proteins, eukaryotic transcripts need to go through a few processing stages.
Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a genes DNA sequence. This copy, called messanger RNA , carries the gene's protein information encoded in DNA.
To learn more about Transcription refer
https://brainly.com/question/14136689
#SPJ4
Some viruses are surrounded by an envelope. This viral envelope contains lipids and surface proteins, and it was originally a part of the cell’s-
A. Cytoplasm
B. Membrane
C. Genome
D. Cytoskeleton
Answer:cytoplasm
Explanation: