Parasitic flagellated cells such as Trypanosoma, the organism that causes sleeping sickness belongs to the group Kinetoplastids. The correct answer is option 2.
Kinetoplastids consist of parasitic flagellated cells, such as Trypanosoma, the organism that causes sleeping sickness. These are unicellular, non-photosynthetic organisms that are mostly free-living, but some of them can be parasitic too.
They are named after the kinetoplast, a large mitochondrion that contains mitochondrial DNA arranged in a distinct way. Trypanosoma belongs to the Kinetoplastida phylum.
They are considered parasitic due to the reason that the organism can invade an organism's blood to feed and reproduce. They can be extremely destructive and may cause a lot of damage to the host.
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Give an example of a blood disorder and how can it affect health
Answer:
sickle cell disease
Explanation:
One example of a blood disorder is sickle cell disease, which is an inherited disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells. In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells become stiff and sticky and form a crescent or sickle shape, which can cause them to get stuck in small blood vessels and disrupt the flow of oxygen and nutrients to different parts of the body.
Sickle cell disease can cause a range of health problems, including anemia (a shortage of red blood cells), pain, infections, organ damage, and stroke. The severity and frequency of symptoms can vary widely depending on the individual and the type of sickle cell disease they have. In severe cases, sickle cell disease can be life-threatening, and people with the condition may require frequent medical care and management of their symptoms.
information about temperature, proprioception, and pressure from skin, joints, and; muscles is conveyed by
Sensory information about temperature, proprioception, and pressure from skin, joints, and muscles is conveyed by sensory neurons. Sensory neurons are specialised cells that detect and transmit sensory information to the brain.
Temperature is detected by thermoreceptors, which are sensitive to changes in temperature. Proprioception is the sense of the body’s position and movement. Sensory neurons detect information from muscles, tendons and joints to give the brain an awareness of the body’s position and movement.
Pressure is sensed by mechanoreceptors which detect physical contact and pressure. These receptors are located in the skin and can detect pressure, vibration and texture. They are also located in the joints and muscles and detect pressure and tension. All of this sensory information is then sent to the brain and processed. The brain then uses this information to coordinate movements, perform tasks, and maintain balance and posture.
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Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance is the most common abnormal finding in a Pap test. It may be a sign of infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) or other types of infection, such as a yeast infection. true or false?
Squamous cells that are unusual and of uncertain significance are the most frequent aberrant finding on a Pap test. It could indicate an infection with specific strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV) or another illness, including a yeast infection. This statement is true.
What is Pap test?The Papanicolaou test, commonly referred to as the Pap test, Pap smear, cervical screening, or smear test, is a cervical screening procedure used to identify potentially malignant and precancerous conditions in the colon and cervix (the opening to the uterus or womb) (in both men and women). When abnormal findings are discovered, more sensitive diagnostic techniques and, if necessary, therapies meant to stop the development of cervical cancer are frequently performed.
What is human papilloma virus infection?Human papillomavirus infection is caused by a DNA virus from the Papillomaviridae family (HPV infection). Within two years, 90% of HPV infections naturally resolve, and many of them show no symptoms. A persistent HPV infection can occasionally cause warts or precancerous lesions. These lesions raise the risk of cancer of the cervix, anus, mouth, tonsils, or throat, depending on the area affected.
Two types of the HPV virus, HPV16 and HPV18, are responsible for 70% of cervical cancer cases. Almost 90% of oropharyngeal malignancies in HPV-positive individuals are caused by HPV16. Between 60% and 90% of the other malignancies mentioned above also have an HPV connection. Common causes of laryngeal papillomatosis and genital warts, respectively, include HPV6 and HPV11.
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fossils allow scientists to examine the remains of living creatures. which features are characteristic of hominin fossils but not of fossils of chimpanzees or gorillas?
Bipedalism (ability to walk on two legs) is a characteristic feature of hominin fossils but not of fossils of chimpanzees or gorillas.
Hominins are a group of primates that includes modern humans and their ancestors. Bipedalism is a key characteristic feature that distinguishes hominins from other primates like chimpanzees and gorillas. Fossil evidence shows that hominins started to walk upright on two legs around 6 million years ago. Bipedalism allowed hominins to free their hands to use tools and develop a larger brain, which played a significant role in their evolution.
In contrast, chimpanzees and gorillas primarily move on four legs, with occasional bipedal walking. Therefore, the presence of features such as a fully developed pelvic girdle, knee joint, and foot structure that supports bipedalism in hominin fossils but not in fossils of chimpanzees or gorillas is a key characteristic feature that distinguishes them.
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1. Consider the lake diagrams in model 2
a) which diagram shows the healthiest lake? Justify your reasoning.
b) what term is used to describe the healthiest lake
2. Describe the biological oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen measurements in the healthy lake in model 2.
The healthiest lake is the one in diagram 1. This lake is characterized as oligotrophic.
Explain the measurements of dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand.The health of aquatic ecosystems is evaluated using two key water quality parameters: biological oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO). BOD is a measurement of how much oxygen microorganisms need to decompose the organic matter in water. Oxygen is used up during the breakdown of organic matter, which might cause the water's oxygen content to decrease. BOD is measured in milligrams of oxygen used per liter of water (mg/L) for a set amount of time, often 5 days at 20°C (BOD5).
The quantity of oxygen that is dissolved in the water and accessible to aquatic organisms is known as dissolved oxygen (DO). Milligrams per liter of water (mg/L) is the unit used to measure DO. A multitude of variables, like as temperature, air pressure, salinity, and the existence of photosynthetic organisms, affect the amount of dissolved oxygen in water.
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what is the expected phenotypic ratio resulting from a homozygous dominant x heterozygous monohybrid cross?
The expected genotypic ratio is 1 homozygous dominant : 2 heterozygotes 1 homozygous recessive.
The expected phenotypic ratio resulting from a homozygous dominant (AA) x heterozygous (Aa) monohybrid cross would be 1:1, meaning that 50% of the offspring would exhibit the dominant trait and 50% would exhibit the recessive trait.
The genotype ratio would be 1:1 as well, with 50% of the offspring being homozygous dominant (AA) and 50% being heterozygous (Aa). This is based on the principles of Mendelian genetics and the law of segregation, which state that each individual inherits one allele from each parent, and that the two alleles separate during gamete formation.
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Similarities in _____________________and ___________________________ provide evidence for the Theory of Evolution
Similarities in the anatomy and genetics of different species provide evidence for the Theory of Evolution.
The theory of evolution states that all living things on earth share a common ancestor and have evolved over time through natural selection and other mechanisms of evolution. The features, anatomy, and genetics of several species that have a common ancestor should therefore be comparable. For instance, the bone structures of the forelimbs of mammals like humans, bats, and whales are all comparable, indicating that these mammals shared a common ancestor who also had forelimbs that were similar. Similarities between DNA sequences of various organisms can also be found, which suggests that they have a common evolutionary past. These connections between genetics and anatomy offer strong support for evolution.
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what is formation of new bone, especially around the oval window, with resulting immobilization of the stapes called?
The formation of new bone, especially around the oval window, with resulting immobilization of the stapes is called otosclerosis.
Otosclerosis is a disorder in which the small bones in your middle ear are abnormally shaped. This stops your inner ear from picking up sound waves efficiently.
It's a disease of the bony labyrinth that occurs most often in young adults. The bony labyrinth is the solid and dense bone that surrounds the cochlea in the ear.Aside from that, it also interferes with the flow of sound waves into the inner ear, leading to hearing loss.
Otosclerosis is usually accompanied by an abnormal growth of bone in the middle ear, which can cause the stapes bone to become immobile. This can cause hearing loss, which can range from mild to severe.
The precise cause of otosclerosis is still unknown. It is thought to be hereditary in some cases. However, it is not a simple genetic disorder. Both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved in its development. Otosclerosis can also occur in people with a family history of the condition, indicating a genetic connection. However, it is not only caused by genetics. It can be caused by a variety of environmental factors.
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describe how the heart is positioned in the thoracic cavity and list and describe the layers of the heart wal
The heart is a muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity of the chest, between the lungs and behind the sternum. It is tilted to the left and is roughly cone-shaped, with the base of the cone at the top and the apex at the bottom.
The heart is protected by the ribcage and is surrounded by the pericardium, a double-layered membrane that encloses the heart and provides lubrication to reduce friction during contraction.
The walls of the heart consist of three layers:
Epicardium: This is the outermost layer of the heart wall, consisting of a thin layer of connective tissue covered by a layer of mesothelial cells. The epicardium also contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves that supply the heart muscle.Myocardium: This is the middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, consisting of cardiac muscle cells. The myocardium is responsible for the heart's pumping action, contracting and relaxing to pump blood throughout the body.Endocardium: This is the innermost layer of the heart wall, consisting of a thin layer of endothelial cells that line the heart's chambers and valves. The endocardium provides a smooth surface for blood to flow through and helps prevent blood clots from forming.Together, these layers make up the heart wall, which is critical for the heart's function in pumping blood to the rest of the body.
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Which stage of meiosis is most responsible for the genetic variation observed within a species? A. Metaphase II B. Prophase II C. Metaphase I D. Prophase
The most responsible stage of meiosis for genetic variation observed within a species is Prophase II. During this stage, the homologous chromosomes undergo crossing-over, which is the exchange of genetic material between the chromosomes.
This is because during Prophase II, crossing over between non-sister chromatids can occur, which results in the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. This process is known as recombination, and it leads to the formation of genetically unique haploid cells.
Additionally, during Prophase II, the orientation of homologous chromosomes along the metaphase plate can vary, leading to random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes into daughter cells, which also contributes to genetic diversity.
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__________, a criterion used in the dsm-iv for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, was eliminated as a diagnostic feature in the dsm-5 as it could not be used as a criterion for males, prepubescent girls, or with women using hormonal contraceptives.
how can hematocrit be used to diagnose a condition like anemia?
A full blood count includes a hematocrit test (CBC). Monitoring the amount of red blood cells in your blood can help your doctor make a diagnosis or track your response to a anemia therapy.
A hematocrit that is below normal might signal: A lack of adequate numbers of healthy red blood cells (anemia). If your hematocrit test result is 42, for instance, this suggests that 42% of your blood is made up of red blood cells, with the remaining blood being made up of white blood cells, platelets, and blood plasma.
A hematocrit level that's lower than usual may be an indication that: Your body doesn't have enough red blood cells (anemia). A CBC is used to count the amount of blood cells in a sample of your blood.
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proto-oncogenes expression depends on external cell signaling. under normal conditions, what molecules regulate the expression of proto-oncogenes?
The expression of proto-oncogenes is regulated by multiple molecules, including transcription factors, small non-coding RNAs, and microRNAs. Transcription factors are proteins that bind to regulatory regions of proto-oncogenes and control the rate of transcription of the gene.
Small non-coding RNAs, such as snoRNAs, regulate the expression of proto-oncogenes through their ability to interact with the 3' untranslated region of the mRNA. MicroRNAs are short, single stranded RNA molecules that bind to the 3' untranslated region of mRNA, resulting in post-transcriptional gene silencing. In addition to these molecules, certain hormones, such as glucocorticoids, can also regulate the expression of proto-oncogenes.
Finally, the expression of proto-oncogenes can be regulated by epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling. These modifications control the accessibility of proto-oncogenes to transcription factors, resulting in altered expression levels. In conclusion, the expression of proto-oncogenes is regulated by multiple molecules, including transcription factors, small non-coding RNAs, microRNA
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there is a mutation in the regulatory gene lac 1 that results in a repressor protein that binds to the operator but cannot bind the inducer allolactose no lactose present is it active or no
A mutation in the regulatory gene lac 1 that results in a repressor protein that binds to the operator but cannot bind the inducer allolactose. When there is no lactose present, it is: active.
The operon system of lac contains three structural genes: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The genes are regulated by an operator gene (lacO) and a regulatory gene (lacI). The lacI gene synthesizes a lac repressor protein, which binds to the operator gene and prevents the transcription of the structural genes.
The lac repressor can be inactivated by binding to an inducer molecule allolactose, a derivative of lactose. Therefore, if there is no lactose present, the lac repressor protein binds to the operator gene and prevents transcription of the structural genes. When transcription is prevented, the operon is said to be active. The genes, on the other hand, will not be expressed in the absence of transcription.
In conclusion, when there is no lactose present, a mutation in the regulatory gene lac 1 that results in a repressor protein that binds to the operator but cannot bind the inducer allolactose is active.
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Help me
If a nonrenewable resource such as oil suddenly became scarce while the demand remained constant
A-the price would increase.
B the price would decrease
C supply would increase
D supply would decrease
Answer:
А
Explanation:
Demand will not increase because the price will increase and the quantity will instantly become zero, so the price will become very high.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
If a nonrenewable resource such as oil suddenly became scarce while the demand remained constant, the most likely outcome would be an increase in price. Therefore, the answer is A - the price would increase.
When a nonrenewable resource becomes scarce, it becomes more expensive to extract and produce, and this increased cost would be passed on to the consumers in the form of higher prices. Additionally, since the demand for oil remains constant, the market forces of supply and demand would push the price up as consumers compete for the limited supply of oil.
using the universal numbering system for primary dentition, which teeth are the maxillary central incisors? using the universal numbering system, what teeth are the maxillary central incisors? how many teeth in a complete adult dentition? true or false? multiple supplementary grooves often are found on a maxillary second premolar. the furcation of the mandibular molars may be seen from either a or lingual view. if two triangular ridges join, what is the entire ridge called? in a facial view of a maxillary central incisor, vertical lines may divide the crown into thirds called 1. mesial, 2. middle, and 3. . on incisors, the number of lobes on the facial surface (which is the same as the number of mamelons on the incisal surface) is: the borders of the lingual fossa of the maxillary lateral incisor are the cingulum, the distal marginal ridge, the incisal edge or ridge, and the .
The maxillary central incisors are teeth #8 and #9 in the universal numbering system for primary dentition and teeth #7 and #10 in the universal numbering system for permanent dentition.
There are 32 teeth in a complete adult dentition.
True. Multiple supplementary grooves are often found on a maxillary second premolar.
The furcation of the mandibular molars may be seen from either a buccal or lingual view.
If two triangular ridges join, the entire ridge is called a transverse ridge.
In a facial view of a maxillary central incisor, vertical lines may divide the crown into thirds called 1. mesial, 2. middle, and 3. distal.
On incisors, the number of lobes on the facial surface (which is the same as the number of mamelons on the incisal surface) is typically three.
The borders of the lingual fossa of the maxillary lateral incisor are the cingulum, the distal marginal ridge, the incisal edge or ridge, and the mesial marginal ridge.
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In which condition are stomach acids pushed into the esophagus?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which stomach acid is pushed into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. This can lead to a wide range of symptoms including heartburn, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and even chest pain.
GERD is often caused by a weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) which allows acid to move from the stomach into the esophagus. Lifestyle factors such as diet, certain medications, being overweight, or smoking can also increase your risk of developing GERD.
Treatment for GERD includes lifestyle changes, such as avoiding certain foods and eating smaller meals, and medications to reduce stomach acid. Surgery is also an option in severe cases. If you experience symptoms of GERD, it is important to see a doctor so that the condition can be properly diagnosed and treated.
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Different ratios occur in crosses with a single gene pair of alleles (A or a) or two gene pairs (A or a and B or b). What types of ratios are likely to occur in crosses dealing with a single gene pair? a. 9:3:3:1, 1:1:1:1 b. 1:1:1:1. 1:46:4:1 c. 3:1, 1:1, 1:2:1 d. 4:1, 1:1, 1:4:1
The most common ratios that occur in crosses dealing with a single gene pair are 4:1, 1:1, and 1:2:1.
The 4:1 ratio is the most common, and it occurs when there is a dominant and a recessive allele involved. In this case, the offspring will be either all dominant or all recessive.
The 1:1 ratio occurs when there is no dominance or recessiveness, and both alleles are equally expressed. Lastly, the 1:2:1 ratio occurs when one allele is dominant and the other is partially dominant. In this case, the offspring may be either all dominant, all partially dominant, or a mix of both. These ratios are important for predicting the outcome of crosses and for understanding the inheritance of traits.
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what is the name for a small, circular piece of dna that exists outside of the main bacterial chromosome?
The name for a small, circular piece of DNA that exists outside of the main bacterial chromosome is a plasmid. Plasmids are small circular or linear DNA molecules that replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA in bacteria.
Bacteria contain chromosomal DNA as well as extrachromosomal DNA in the form of plasmids. Plasmids are important genetic elements that can transfer genes from one bacterium to another via horizontal gene transfer, they are circular pieces of DNA found in some bacteria. They are not part of the bacterial chromosome but can replicate independently of it, and they can be transferred between bacteria during mating. Plasmids often contain genes that are beneficial to the bacterium, such as antibiotic resistance genes or genes that help the bacterium obtain nutrients.
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8. The intestine and ______ the are only two parts of the large digestive system. (dlbrdaleagl)
what goes in the blank? the scrambled letters above are supposedly what I have to unscramble to find the answer.
Distension of the superficial veins caused by weakened valves is termed
A) hemorrhoids.
B) venoconstriction.
C) vaso vasorum.
D) varicose veins.
E) venous reserve
Which of the following are raw materials for photosynthesis?A. Oxygen and ATPB. Water and carbon dioxideC. NADP and hydrogenD. Glucose and oxygenE. Carbohydrates and NADPF. Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
The following are raw materials for photosynthesis F. Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. This process takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells. The raw materials for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. These are the reactants that are needed for the process to occur. Carbon dioxide is taken in by the leaves of the plant through tiny pores called stomata. Water is also taken up by the roots of the plant and transported up to the leaves through the xylem.
Sunlight is absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts of the plant cells. The chlorophyll absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. These energy carriers are used to power the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, which result in the production of glucose and other organic molecules.
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the stroma of the chloroplasts. Carbon dioxide is fixed into organic molecules by a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions called the Calvin cycle. The products of this cycle are then used to synthesize glucose and other organic molecules. The overall equation for photosynthesis is:
6[tex]CO_{2}[/tex] + 6[tex]H_{2}[/tex]O + light energy → [tex]C^{6}[/tex]H . 12[tex]O^{6}[/tex] + 6[tex]O^{2}[/tex]
The raw materials for photosynthesis is carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. These are the reactants that are needed for the process to occur. The products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen.
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which of the following ecological roles is/are played by at least some fungi? select all that apply. which of the following ecological roles is/are played by at least some fungi?select all that apply. autotrophy predation decomposition
Some fungi play the following ecological roles: Predation, Decomposition. Thus, the correct option is "B and C".
Autotrophy: the ability of an organism to produce its own food from simple inorganic substances like water and carbon dioxide is known as Autotrophy.
For example, Green plants use the energy of the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose in photosynthesis, thereby producing food for themselves. Fungi are not autotrophic.
Predation: fungi act as decomposers, and many of them help in the decomposition of dead plants and animals. Some fungi that are parasitic on plants and animals are predators. They secrete enzymes that break down the cell wall of the host cells, allowing them to enter and suck out nutrients. For example, the fungus Ophiocordyceps infects ants, takes over their nervous system, and makes them climb up to a high place where they die, enabling the fungus to spread its spores.
Decomposition: fungi play a crucial role in the ecosystem as decomposers, breaking down dead plant and animal material and returning nutrients to the soil. Without decomposers like fungi, dead organic matter would accumulate in the environment and nutrients would not be recycled. Fungi are the primary decomposers of dead organic matter in most ecosystems.
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blood being carried towards the heart is always oxygen-depleted. (True or False)
Answer:
False.
Explanation:
False. Some blood carried towards the heart is oxygen-depleted while some is rich in oxygen.
PLEASE HELP me I can’t figure this one out
The movement of air in these systems is affected by a variety of factors, including temperature, humidity, and the rotation of the Earth.
How does air movement affect the type of weather that forms from high- pressure and low-pressure systems?The movement of air plays a critical role in determining the type of weather that forms from high-pressure and low-pressure systems.
In a high-pressure system, air moves away from the center of the system, which creates a sinking motion. As the air sinks, it warms and dries out, resulting in clear skies and relatively calm weather conditions. High-pressure systems are typically associated with good weather, such as sunny days with cool, dry air.
In contrast, in a low-pressure system, air moves towards the center of the system, which creates an upward motion. As the air rises, it cools and forms clouds, which can lead to precipitation such as rain, snow, or sleet. Low-pressure systems are typically associated with unsettled or stormy weather, such as thunderstorms, heavy rain, or strong winds.
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Considering the left ventricle, why does isovolumetric ventricular contraction occur during ventricular systol O Ventricular pressure is greater than atrial pressure so the ventricle cannot eject blood. O The bicuspid valve needs time to shut before the ventricle can eject blood. O Aortic pressure is higher than ventricular pressure and the ventricle must pressurize the blood to open O The ventricle needs to pressurize the blood to close the aortic valve. O The ventricle is still filling with blood and therefore cannot eject blood during this time.
During ventricular systole, isovolumetric ventricular contraction occurs in the left ventricle for the reason that the aortic pressure is greater than the ventricular pressure and the ventricle must pressurize the blood to open.
Isovolumetric ventricular contraction is the period of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract without changing their volume. As a result, the left ventricle contracts to raise the pressure inside it to a level that exceeds that of the aorta, allowing the aortic valve to open and blood to be ejected. Isovolumetric contraction occurs in the first stage of ventricular systole as the ventricular muscle contracts and the atrioventricular valves close.
Ventricular systole is the period of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract and the pressure inside the chamber rises. The cardiac cycle begins with the onset of ventricular systole. Blood is pumped out of the ventricles and into the aorta during ventricular systole. During ventricular systole, both the atrioventricular valves and the semilunar valves are closed. The semilunar valves will only open when the pressure in the ventricles is greater than the pressure in the aorta, at which point blood will be ejected into the aorta.
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this hemorrhagic filovirus is a closely related cousin of ebola virus, also deadly.
The Marburg Virus Disease, formerly known as Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever, is brought on by the Marburg virus. The virus, which is related to the Ebola-virus, produces severe viral hemorrhagic fever in people with a case fatality rate of around 50% on average.
Both humans and non-human primates can be afflicted by the uncommon but severe hemorrhagic fever known as Marburg virus disease (MVD). Each of the five Ebola virus strains has an African country or area as its name: Zaire, Sudan, Tai Forest, Bundibugyo, and Reston.
The Zaire Ebola virus has a 90% death rate, making it the deadliest. The three Ebola virus species that have caused the largest epidemics in Africa are Zaire ebolavirus, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, and Sudan ebolavirus. The Ebola virus from Zaire is the worst one.
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Correct Question:
What hemorrhagic filovirus is closely related to cousin of ebola virus, that is also deadly.
What roles do RNA and mRNA play in translation? Sort the descriptions to the appropriate bins. Reset Help contains a copy of the DNA triplet codes carries amino acid anticodon codon tRNA mRNA
mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis and carries genetic information in the form of codons. tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain by binding to a specific codon on the mRNA.
The roles of RNA and mRNA in translation can be sorted into the following bins:
mRNA:
Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
Serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins
Contains codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids, Binds to ribosomes during translation
tRNA:
Carries amino acids to the ribosome
Contains an anticodon, which is a sequence of three nucleotides that binds to a specific codon on the mRNA
Ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis
In summary, The mRNA molecule acts as a pattern or mold for protein production and contains the genetic code in the form of codons.
On the other hand, tRNA is responsible for transporting amino acids to the ribosome and ensuring that the appropriate amino acid is added to the growing chain by attaching to the specific codon on the mRNA.
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If the frequency of p = 0.8, what is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype?
Responses
0.16
0.16
0.32
0.32,
1.6
1.6
3.2
Answer:
0.32
Explanation: According to Hardy Weinberg principal,
we know that p+q=1 for genotype calculations
if p=0.8,therefore q=0.2
hence,
p and q here are homozygous genotype
2pq is heterozygous genotype
according to question ,using formulea
p^2+q^2+2pq=1 for genotype
hence,
2pq=2*0.8*0.2
2pq=0.32
hence the frequency of heterozygous is =0.32
which of the following is true of coevolution? which of the following is true of coevolution? it always produces directional selection. in coevolution, adaptations are in response to another species rather than the environment. coevolution is commonly found in mutualistic relationships, but it rarely functions in predator-prey relationships. coevolution is commonly found in mutualistic relationships, but it rarely functions in competitive relationships. adaptations due to coevolution will typically magnify (reinforce) the effect of the interaction with the other species
Adaptations are in response to another species rather than environment. When two or more species interact with one other and influence each other's evolution through natural selection, this is known as coevolution.
The phrase is occasionally used to describe gene-culture coevolution as well as the interaction of two features within the same species on each other's evolutionary processes.
The evolution of each partner in a coevolutionary relationship is influenced by selection pressures placed on the other. In addition to competition within or between species, coevolution involves many types of mutualism, host-parasite, and predator-prey connections between species. An evolutionary arms race between the involved species is frequently fueled by selective pressures. As has transpired between flowering plants and pollinating insects like bees, flies, and beetles, pairwise or specific coevolution occurs when there are exactly two species involved.
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