which of the following is not true of unsound arguments? if a deductive argument has false premises, then it is an unsound argument. all unsound arguments commit a formal fallacy. if a deductive argument commits a fallacy, then it is an unsound argument. any argument that commits a formal fallacy is an unsound argument.

When people develop explanations of behavior based on things outside the person's control, this is known as an external attribution.

Attribution refers to the process of explaining the causes of behavior, including one's own behavior or the behavior of others. External attribution occurs when people explain behavior as being caused by factors outside of the individual's control, such as the situation, the environment, or other people.

For example, if someone fails a test and the teacher assumes that it was because the student had a family emergency the night before, the teacher is making an external attribution for the student's performance. In this case, the teacher is assuming that the student's behavior (performing poorly on the test) was caused by factors outside of the student's control (the family emergency), rather than by internal factors such as lack of preparation or motivation.

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After an afternoon watching movies in his apartment, Charly pretending to be a cartoon character is engaging in Fantasy play.

Charly recently engaged in a type of play called Fantasy play. This type of play involves pretending to be someone or something else, often characters from books, movies, and cartoons.

In Charly's case, he pretended to be a cartoon character after watching movies in his apartment in the afternoon. Fantasy play is an important part of childhood development and helps children to think imaginatively and creatively, while also allowing them to develop social skills.

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Today, almost 10% of the world’s population struggle to meet basic needs. If household wealth were divided equally on a global basis, using 2000 data, each household would have $26,754. Instead, 1%( percent) of the world’s population owns 44%(percent)  of all wealth on the entire planet.

As of 2021, the world's population is around 7.9 billion, and unfortunately, a significant portion of this population is struggling to meet their basic needs. These basic needs include access to food, clean water, shelter, and healthcare. Many people in developing countries face poverty and lack of access to essential resources. This makes it difficult for them to fulfill their basic needs, leading to malnourishment, disease, and overall poor living conditions. Additionally, there are millions of people around the world who are displaced due to conflict, natural disasters, or other reasons, making it even harder for them to meet their basic needs. While efforts are being made to address these issues, there is still a long way to go to ensure that everyone in the world has access to the basic necessities of life.

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Howard Gardner, a Harvard psychologist, put forth the idea of multiple intelligences.

As the most complete and empirically supported theory of cognitive abilities in use today, the Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory has influenced a significant body of research and the continuing improvement of IQ (Intelligence Quotient) tests. (McGrew, 2005). This has sparked the creation of a wide range of psychological theories of intellect that can be divided into four main groups. These classifications include biochemical, cognitive, cognitive-contextual, and psychometric. The idea of fluid and crystallized intelligence was developed by Raymond B. Cattell, who is credited with its creation. However, it is unclear where this idea came from. In various publications, Cattell claimed that it was created in 1940, 1941, or 1942.

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The most effective way to reduce the amount of plastic pollution is to Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.

Plastic pollution is a significant environmental problem that has become more serious in recent years. Plastic waste, including microplastics, accumulates in oceans, landfills, and the air, posing a threat to both wildlife and human health. There are several ways to reduce the amount of plastic pollution, but the most effective way is to Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.

Here are some more ways to reduce plastic pollution:

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The nation with the highest reported rates of psychological disorders is Nigeria. What are psychological disorders? Psychological disorders are often known as mental or psychiatric disorders.

These disorders can affect your mood, thoughts, and behavior. Examples of psychological disorders include anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and eating disorders. The nation with the highest reported rates of psychological disorders is Nigeria. In Nigeria, it is estimated that about 20% to 30% of Nigerians have psychological disorders.

The most common psychological disorders in Nigeria include depression, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders. The high rates of psychological disorders in Nigeria can be attributed to factors such as poverty, unemployment, social inequality, and limited access to mental health services. In conclusion, Nigeria has the highest reported rates of psychological disorders. This can be attributed to factors such as poverty, unemployment, social inequality, and limited access to mental health services.

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Working portfolios and display portfolios are the two categories of portfolios. Knowing the distinctions between the two is crucial for deciding when to use each.

A job portfolio can assist in demonstrating to potential employers your professional successes, talents, abilities, activities, and attitudes. The career portfolio also functions as a marketing tool by giving prospective employers an idea of how you might perform in the workplace. Portfolio evaluations can be divided into two categories: "instructional" or "working" portfolios and "showcase" portfolios. Formative materials include working or instructional files. They give a student the chance to show that they can carry out a specific talent. The essence of showcase portfolios is summative. Working portfolios and display portfolios are the two categories of portfolios. Knowing the distinctions between the two is crucial for deciding when to use each.

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The statement "U.S. Americans are materialistic" is an example of the problem caused by overly abstract language known as "lack of operationalization."

It is important to use precise language when discussing complex topics, especially in research and professional settings. A prime example of the issue caused by overly abstract language is the statement U.S. Americans are materialistic, which lacks the operationalization necessary to accurately define the intended concept.

Operationalization requires specificity and clarity to provide a better understanding of the meaning behind the words. In this case, for example, it could be clarified by providing examples of materialistic behavior that are particular to U.S. Americans.

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The list describes the characteristics of gas giant planets in our solar system, such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. These planets have no solid surfaces and are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium gas.

They have thick atmospheres consisting of layers of gas and clouds. They also have many rings and a large number of moons.

The list of characteristics provided - no solid surfaces, thick atmospheres, many rings, and many moons - describes the gas giant planets in our solar system: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Unlike the terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars), the gas giants do not have a solid surface. Instead, their composition consists mostly of gas and ice. The atmospheric pressure on these planets is much higher than on the terrestrial planets, creating thick atmospheres that are mostly made up of hydrogen and helium, with some methane and ammonia. These thick atmospheres create extreme weather conditions on the gas giants, including intense storms and strong winds. The gas giants are also known for their rings, which are made up of ice particles and dust. Saturn has the most well-known and prominent ring system, but all four gas giants have rings. The rings are thought to be the remnants of ancient moons that were destroyed by collisions. Finally, the gas giants have many moons. Jupiter has the most with at least 79, while Saturn has at least 82. Uranus has 27 and Neptune has 14 known moons. These moons are much larger than the moons of the terrestrial planets and have a variety of features, including ice caps and volcanic activity. Some of the moons may even have subsurface oceans that could potentially support life.

In summary, the gas giants in our solar system are unique in their lack of solid surfaces, thick atmospheres, extensive ring systems, and numerous moons.

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Not conforming to traditional male/female norms is called gender nonconformity.

Gender nonconformity is a broad term that refers to individuals who do not conform to gender roles and expectations based on traditional societal norms.

Gender nonconformity refers to an individual who does not conform to the traditional male/female gender roles and expectations that are established by society. This type of behavior usually refers to gender expression, which means the way one presents oneself to the public.

Gender nonconformity isn't synonymous with gender identity or sexual orientation; however, it can be connected to both in various ways.

For example, some people who identify as nonbinary or transgender may exhibit gender nonconforming characteristics, and some lesbian, gay, or bisexual people may show gender nonconforming behaviors.

A few famous gender nonconformists are:

Kristen Stewart and Ruby Rose (Actresses)

Prince and David Bowie (Musicians)

Ellen DeGeneres and Billy Porter (TV Personalities)

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The law or provision that allows student religious groups to meet in high schools receiving federal funds is called the Equal Access Act.

The Equal Access Act is a federal law in the United States that was passed in 1984. The law was designed to ensure that students who wished to hold religious meetings or form religious clubs in public secondary schools were allowed to do so without discrimination or censorship.

Under the Equal Access Act, public high schools that receive federal funds must provide equal access to all student groups, regardless of their religious or political beliefs. This means that if a school allows any non-curriculum-related student group to meet on school premises, then it must allow religious student groups to meet as well.

The law also prohibits schools from discriminating against student groups on the basis of their religious or political beliefs. Schools cannot deny recognition or funding to a student group solely because of its religious or political nature.

However, the Equal Access Act does not require schools to sponsor or endorse student groups, or to provide any funding or resources beyond what is provided to other non-curriculum-related student groups. Schools are also allowed to regulate the time, place, and manner of student group meetings, as long as the regulations are applied equally to all groups.

Overall, the Equal Access Act is intended to promote free speech and religious freedom in public high schools, while also ensuring that schools maintain a secular and non-discriminatory environment.

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The correct matching is:

graft - d. financial kickback provided by city bosses in exchange for political favors

machine politics - b. a process by which citizens of a city used their local ward aldermen to work local politics to meet local needs within a neighborhood.

tammany hall - a. run by boss tweed in new york

instrumentalism - c. john dewey theory that says education is key to the search for the truth about ideals and institutions

Machine politics: This term refers to a style of politics where political power is maintained through the use of a political machine. Political machines are organizations that control political parties and use their power to influence government policy and elections.

Tammany Hall: Tammany Hall was a political machine that was run by Boss Tweed in New York City during the late 1800s.

Instrumentalism: Instrumentalism is a theory of knowledge that argues that the truth or falsity of an idea is determined by its usefulness in solving practical problems. The theory emphasizes the practical value of knowledge over its abstract or theoretical value.

Graft: Graft refers to the practice of using one's position of power to gain money or other benefits illegally. In the context of politics, graft often involves the exchange of financial kickbacks in exchange for political favors.

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Through her participation and leadership in the suffragette movement, Emmeline Pankhurst embodied the principles of International Women's Day, including support for women's rights, gender equality, empowerment.

Women and girls must be able to participate, create, study, and work in a secure and productive manner both online and offline, taking use of all opportunities in every area and stage of life, including politics, the economy, society, and education.

International Women's Day offers a platform for the globe to recognize the accomplishments of women, increase awareness of gender inequality, and strengthen support for women.

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

The fact that costa ricans who live in a collectivist society prefer automatic tellers over human tellers is a cultural paradox.

People alter their cultural norms and practices over time, sometimes completely abandoning them in favor of a different way of thinking or acting. The dynamic tensions that arise when people live in groups are highlighted by this paradoxical view of culture. Individuals, families, regional groups, ethnic groups, socioeconomic classes, political groups, and so on make up societies.

Culture gives a method for peopling to live and cooperate while likewise considering the articulation and execution of particular contrasts. Culture adapts to new circumstances in response to pressures for change rather than breaking down. Culture is adaptable and long-lasting despite the paradoxes that make it appear impossible.

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One key difference between liberal feminism and radical feminism is that liberal feminism emphasizes equality for women within the existing political and social systems, while radical feminism seeks to fundamentally transform those systems.

Liberal feminism is a feminist theory and political movement that emphasizes gender equality through legal and political reforms. It emphasizes that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men, and that discrimination against women should be abolished.

Rather than calling for the overthrow of the political and social systems, liberal feminists aim to work within those systems to create change. This could include pushing for legal reforms such as anti-discrimination laws or working to elect women to political office.

Radical feminism, on the other hand, takes a more revolutionary approach. It views gender inequality as an inherent feature of the existing political and social systems and seeks to fundamentally transform those systems.

Radical feminists believe that patriarchy is deeply ingrained in society and that it must be dismantled through radical means. This could include advocating for the overthrow of the capitalist economic system, as well as the traditional nuclear family structure.

Radical feminists also place a greater emphasis on issues like reproductive rights and sexual violence, arguing that these issues are central to the oppression of women.

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Answer:Among the things you've provided - the option that doesn't resemble and also isn't a response to an internal stimuli would be wearing sunglasses to protect eyes from UV rays. In all the other cases, the person who does a certain action also gets a feedback from his body which urges him to do that certian action. This isn't the case in D where he sees the sun and knows about the bad UV rays and decides for that course of action.

Explanation:Among the things you've provided - the option that doesn't resemble and also isn't a response to an internal stimuli would be wearing sunglasses to protect eyes from UV rays. In all the other cases, the person who does a certain action also gets a feedback from his body which urges him to do that certian action. This isn't the case in D where he sees the sun and knows about the bad UV rays and decides for that course of action.

Answer: Check below

Explanation:

1. The most beneficial foreign policy to the United States was likely the Good Neighbor Policy, which sought to improve relations between the U.S. and Latin American countries. This policy helped to increase trade and cultural exchange, as well as reduce tensions and conflict in the region. It also helped to improve the image of the U.S. in Latin America and reduce anti-American sentiment.

2. The most problematic foreign policy for the United States was probably the Vietnam War. This policy led to a long and costly conflict that resulted in many American casualties and divided the country. It also damaged the reputation of the U.S. in the world and led to widespread protests and social unrest at home.

3. cartoon above represents Roosevelt's policy of international intervention and involvement, also known as the "Big Stick" policy. The image of the U.S. as a "World Constable" reflects the idea that the U.S. should take an active role in maintaining order and stability in the world, even if it means using force or military intervention. This policy was characterized by a willingness to use military power to protect U.S. interests and assert American influence on the global stage.

According to the sociocultural theory of personality, Antonio is experiencing "learned helplessness" when he attributes his failures to a lack of sufficient intelligence without studying.

Learned helplessness is a psychological theory that explains how people develop beliefs and behaviors that make them feel powerless or unable to act in response to challenging situations. It is an individual's perception that they cannot change their situation, even when they are capable of doing so. For example, when a person is frequently punished for trying something new, they may start to feel like they are incapable of succeeding, even when presented with new opportunities.

Antonio is exhibiting learned helplessness when he attributes his failures to a lack of intelligence without studying. Instead of accepting responsibility for his actions or lack of action, he is placing the blame on an inherent trait, which is not true. By doing this, he is limiting his growth and development because he is not taking the necessary steps to improve his performance.

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The average police officer is typically assigned to patrol duty in a police department.

Patrol duty is considered the backbone of policing and is the most common assignment for police officers in most police departments. Patrol officers are responsible for maintaining public safety and responding to emergency situations.

They patrol designated areas, respond to calls for service, enforce traffic laws, investigate crimes, and arrest suspects as necessary. Patrol officers are the most visible members of a police department and are often the first to respond to a crime or emergency.

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The belief system that has the most shaped culture in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh is Islam.

Islam is the dominant religion in these countries and has played a significant role in shaping their cultural, social, and political landscape. It has influenced everything from architecture and art to the language and customs of these countries.

Islam has also played a significant role in shaping the political structures of these countries. Many political movements and leaders have drawn inspiration from Islamic teachings and have used Islam to mobilize support for their causes.

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The statement that "whether we feel angry or depressed in response to a low exam grade depends on whether we attribute the poor grade to an unfair test or to our own low intelligence" best illustrates that emotions are influenced by cognitive appraisals.

Cognitive appraisal is defined as the process of interpreting an event or situation in order to determine its personal significance. How individuals interpret their environment affects their emotions, behaviors, and physiological reactions.

If the individual interprets the situation as threatening, they will experience negative emotions such as fear or anxiety. If the situation is deemed non-threatening, positive emotions such as happiness and excitement can be experienced.

Therefore, the statement that "whether we feel angry or depressed in response to a low exam grade depends on whether we attribute the poor grade to an unfair test or to our own low intelligence" best illustrates that emotions are influenced by cognitive appraisals.

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The following option best defines a social movement: "A movement that represents the demands of a large segment of the population for political, economic, or social change."

A social movement is a collective effort by a large group of people who come together to bring about change in society, often related to issues such as politics, economics, or social justice. Social movements are typically characterized by a shared sense of purpose, a desire for change, and a commitment to achieving their goals through nonviolent means. These movements can take many forms, such as protests, marches, boycotts, and other forms of civil disobedience. Ultimately, the goal of a social movement is to bring about meaningful and lasting change in society.

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When a person experiences oxidative stress, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body is high. Reactive oxygen species are chemically unstable and highly reactive molecules that are generated during normal cellular metabolism.

They can cause damage to cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, leading to various diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.

The body has a natural defense mechanism against ROS called the antioxidant system, which includes enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. These enzymes work to neutralize ROS and prevent them from causing damage. However, when there is an imbalance between the production of ROS and the body's antioxidant defense system, oxidative stress occurs, which can lead to cellular damage and disease.

Oxidative stress can be caused by a variety of factors such as exposure to environmental pollutants, radiation, and certain drugs, as well as lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a diet high in processed foods. To reduce the risk of oxidative stress and associated diseases, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, eat a diet rich in antioxidants, and avoid exposure to environmental toxins.

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Pre-reading strategies that activate prior knowledge and raise interest in the subject prepare students to approach text reading in a critical frame of mind because such strategies enhance comprehension and promote critical thinking.

Pre-reading strategies help students to improve their reading skills and critical thinking abilities by enabling them to recognize and connect their prior knowledge with the text they are about to read. This enhances their ability to comprehend the text and interpret it effectively.

Pre-reading strategies are aimed at preparing students to approach text reading with a critical frame of mind. This is achieved by activating prior knowledge and raising interest in the subject.

These strategies promote the student's ability to read actively and effectively, and they also help them to retain the information better.

What is the importance of pre-reading strategies?

Pre-reading strategies play an important role in improving reading comprehension and critical thinking abilities in students. They help students to approach text reading with a critical frame of mind, which is essential for effective comprehension and interpretation of the text.

In addition, pre-reading strategies also help students to retain the information better by engaging them in active reading. By activating prior knowledge and raising interest in the subject, students become more invested in the text and are more likely to remember the information.

Overall, pre-reading strategies are an effective way to enhance students' reading skills and promote critical thinking.

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Compassionate ageism is based on the belief that all older adults deserve the opportunity to work.  (C)

This belief suggests that elderly adults are capable of making important decisions and that they should be given the opportunity to do so.

It also acknowledges that not all older adults are poor and frail, and that some might prefer to receive care at home instead of in a nursing facility.

Furthermore, it highlights the importance of respecting the autonomy of elderly adults and creating an environment where they can live with dignity and independence.(C)

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If 22 students received in "a", then total 44 received a "b".

The ratio of students getting in "a" in math to students getting a "b" is 1:2.

22 students received an "a".

We have to determine how many received a "b".

A ratio is a comparison of two or more values or quantities expressed as a numerical fraction or relationship. It is used to measure or compare the relative size of two or more quantities.

The ratio of getting grade "a" is 1. The number of students of "a" is 22.

So we can say that the value of ration 1 = 22

So the number of students getting "b" = 2 × 22

The number of students getting "b" = 44

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The complete question is:

The ratio of students getting in "a" in math to students getting a "b" is 1:2. If 22 students received in "a" how many received a "b"?

After reading Chapter 4, the cognitive framework that best helps users determine how to complete a task and activity is the Conceptual Model.

A conceptual model is a representation of a system or event that is abstract and theoretical rather than concrete and tangible. The conceptual model's goal is to present the ideas and concepts that comprise a system or process and how they interrelate. In user interface design, a conceptual model is often employed to help users understand how a particular interface operates and the actions they can take to achieve their objectives.

It assists designers in developing a useful, intuitive, and usable interface. A conceptual model aids in the understanding of the relationships between components of an interface or device. Users benefit from a strong and clear conceptual model because it simplifies the learning curve and improves efficiency.

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The actor who is a devout Buddhist who studied with the Dalai Lama is Richard Gere. Richard Gere is an American actor and producer who is famous for his roles in a variety of films.

In addition to his career as an actor, he is a devout Buddhist who has studied with the Dalai Lama. Among the other choices of options given in the question are Johnny Depp, Sean Penn, and Tom Cruise. There are a few actors that have taken an interest in Buddhism. Richard Gere is probably the most famous of them. Which actor is a devout Buddhist who studied with the Dalai Lama.

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