Each shot of the laser gun most favored by Rosa the Closer, the intrepid vigilante of the lawless 22nd century, is powered by the discharge of a 1.33 F capacitor charged to 77.9 kV. Rosa rightly reckons that she can enhance the effect of each laser pulse by increasing the electric potential energy of the charged capacitor. She could do this by replacing the capacitor's filling, whose dielectric constant is 427, with one possessing a dielectric constant of 983.
A. Find the electric potential energy of the original capacitor when it is charged.
B. Calculate the electric potential energy of the upgraded capacitor when it is charged.
Answer:
A) 4.035 × 10^(9) J
B) 9.29 × 10^(9) J
Explanation:
We are given;
Capacitance of the original capacitor; C = 1.33 F
Potential difference given to the original capacitor; V = 77.9 kV = 77.9 × 10³ V
A) The formula for Potential energy (U) for the original capacitor is given as:
U = ½CV²
Plugging in the relevant values, we have;
U = ½ × 1.33 × (77.9 × 10³)²
U = 4.035 × 10^(9) J
B) We are told that the capacitor with dielectric constant of 427, was replaced with one possessing a dielectric constant of 983.
Thus;
U = ½ × 1.33 × (983/427) × (77.9 × 10³)²
U = 9.29 × 10^(9) J
Inkjet printers can be described as either continuous or drop-on-demand. In a continuous inkjet printer, letters are built up by squirting drops of ink at the paper from a rapidly moving nozzle. You are part of an engineering group working on the design of such a printer. Each ink drop will have a mass of 1.5×10−8g. The drops will leave the nozzle and travel toward the paper at 50 m/s in a horizontal direction, passing through a charging unit that gives each drop a positive charge q by removing some electrons from it. The drops will then pass between parallel deflecting plates, 2.0 cm long, where there is a uniform vertical electric field with magnitude 8.0×104N/C. Your team is working on the design of the charging unit that places the charge on the drops.
(a) If a drop is to be deflected 0.30 mm by the time it reaches the end of the deflection plates, what magnitude of charge must be given to the drop? How many electrons must be removed from the drop to give it this charge?
(b) If the unit that produces the stream of drops is redesigned so that it produces drops with a speed of 25 m/s, what q value is needed to achieve the same 0.30-mm deflection?
Answer:
A) q = 7.03 × 10^(-13) C
n ≈ 4388265 electrons
B) q = 1757.8 × 10^(-16) C
n ≈ 1097253 electrons
Explanation:
We are given;
Mass; m = 1.5 × 10^(−8)g = 1.5 × 10^(-11) kg
Speed; v = 50 m/s
Electric Field; E = 8 × 10⁴ N/C
Distance between plates; s = 2 cm = 0.02 m
A) Now, speed = distance/time
So, time(t) = distance/speed = 0.02/50 = 0.0004 s
From Newton's first law of motion, we know that;
d = ut + ½at²
But u is initial velocity and in this case it's zero.
But we are told that a drop is to be deflected by 0.30 mm. So, d = 0.3 × 10^(-3) m
Thus;
0.3 × 10^(-3) = 0 + ½a(0.0004)²
a = 3750 m/s²
Now, we know that force in motion normally can be expressed as;
F = ma
But in electric field, it's;
F = qE
Thus;
qE = ma
So, charge is; q = ma/E
Plugging in the relevant values;
q = (1.5 × 10^(−11) × 3750)/(8 × 10⁴)
q = 7.03 × 10^(-13) C
Now, number of electrons is given by the formula;
n = q/e
Where e is charge on electron with a value of 1.602 × 10^(-19) C/electron
So; n = (7.03 × 10^(-13))/(1.602 × 10^(-19))
n ≈ 4388265 electrons
B) We are told speed is now 25 m/s.
Thus;
time(t) = distance/speed = 0.02/25 = 0.0008 s
From Newton's first law of motion, we know that;
d = ut + ½at²
But u is initial velocity and in this case it's zero.
d remains 0.3 × 10^(-3) m
Thus;
0.3 × 10^(-3) = 0 + ½a(0.0008)²
a = 937.5 m/s²
Now, we know that force in motion normally can be expressed as;
F = ma
But in electric field, it's;
F = qE
Thus;
qE = ma
So, charge is; q = ma/E
Plugging in the relevant values;
q = (1.5 × 10^(−11) × 937.5)/(8 × 10⁴)
q = 1757.8 × 10^(-16) C
Now, number of electrons is given by the formula;
n = q/e
Where e is charge on electron with a value of 1.602 × 10^(-19) C/electron
So; n = (1757.8 × 10^(-16) )/(1.602 × 10^(-19))
n ≈ 1097253 electrons
What is a lever and mention its types
Answer:
Three different types of levers exist, depending on where the input force, fulcrum, and load are. A class 1 lever has the fulcrum between the input force and load. A class 2 lever has the load between the fulcrum and input force. A class 3 lever is a lever that has the input force in between the fulcrum and the load.
Explanation:
Neutral hydrogen can be modeled as a positive point charge +1.6×10^−19C surrounded by a distribution of negative charge with volume density given by rhoE(r)=−Ae−2r/a0 where a0=0.53×10^−10m is called the Bohr radius, A is a constant such that the total amount of negative charge is −1.6×10^−19C, and e = 2.718 is the base of the natural log.
Required:
a. What is the net charge inside a sphere of radius a0?
b. What is the strength of the electric field at a distance a0 from the nucleus?
Answer:
a) 1.082 × 10⁻¹⁹C ( e = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹C)
b) 3.466 × 10¹¹ N/C
Explanation:
a)
p(r) = -A exp ( - 2r/a₀)
Q = ₀∫^∞ ₀∫^π ₀∫^2xπ p(r)dV = -A ₀∫^∞ ₀∫^π ₀∫^2π exp ( - 2r/a₀)r² sinθdrdθd∅
Q = -4πA ₀∫^∞ exp ( - 2r/a₀)r²dr = -e
now using integration by parts;
A = e / πa₀³
p(r) = - (e / πa₀³) exp (-2r/a₀)
Now Net charge inside a sphere of radius a₀ i.e Qnet is;
= e - (e / πa₀³) ₀∫^a₀ ₀∫^π ₀∫^2π r² exp (-2r/a₀)dr
= e - e + 5e exp (-2) = 1.082 × 10⁻¹⁹C ( e = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹C)
b)
Using Gauss's law,
E × 4πa₀ ² = Qnet / ∈₀
E = 4πa₀ ² × Qnet × 1/a₀²
E = 3.466 × 10¹¹ N/C
Guys, please help, I need this answer urgently,
1. Ameylia conducted an experiment using a bar magnet and some paper clips. She divided the magnet into 5 parts, A, B, C, D and E. She put the magnet into a tray of paper clips. She noticed that thepaperclipsmoved towards the different parts of the magnet. She repeated the experiment thrice and recorded her observation in the table below.
Part A: 1st trial = 10 paper clips, 2nd trial=9 paper clips, 3rd trial =9 paper clips
Part B: 1st trial = 3 paper clips, 2nd trial=4 paper clips, 3rd trial =5 paper clips
Part C: 1st trial = 12 paper clips, 2nd trial=11 paper clips, 3rd trial =12 paper clips
Part D: 1st trial = 4 paper clips, 2nd trial=6 paper clips, 3rd trial =6 paper clips
Part E: 1st trial = 12 paper clips, 2nd trial=11 paper clips, 3rd trial =12 paper clips
a) Ameylia's teacher told her that there is a mistake in the results recorded for one part of the magnet. Identifyfor which part of the magnet, A,B,C,D or E is the results recorded wrongly. Give a reason for your answer.
Answer: Help me answer this question please????
How does your education contribute to comunity development
a 1,200 kg car travels at 20 m/s. what is it’s momentum ?
Answer:
24000 kg·m/s
Explanation:
Momentum is Mass x Velocity, so 1200 kg time 20 m/s = 24000 kg-ms/s
The momentum of the car is 24000 Kg•m/s
Momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
Momentum = mass × velocity
With the above formula, we can obtain the momentum of the car as follow:
Mass = 1200 KgVelocity = 20 m/sMomentum =?Momentum = mass × velocity
Momentum = 1200 × 20
Momentum of car = 24000 Kg•m/s
Learn more about momentum:
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A 0.10 g honeybee acquires a charge of +23 pC while flying, due to friction of the wings against the air. We will try and understand why this is advantageous. A. The electric field near the surface of the earth is typically 100 N/C, directed downward. What is the ratio of the magnitude of the electric force on the bee to the magnitude of the bee's weight?
Answer:
The ratio of the magnitude of the electric force on the bee to the magnitude of the bee's weight is 2.35 x 10⁻⁶
Explanation:
Given;
mass of the honeybee, m = 0.1 g
charge acquired by the honeybee, Q = 23pC = 23 x 10⁻¹² C
the electric field near the earth's surface, E = 100 N/C
The magnitude of the electric force on the bee is given by;
F = QE
F = (23 x 10⁻¹²)(100) = 23 x 10⁻¹⁰ N
The weight of the bee is given by;
W = mg
W = 0.1 x 10⁻³ x 9.8
W = 9.8 x 10⁻⁴ N
The the ratio of the magnitude of the electric force on the bee to the magnitude of the bee's weight is given by;
[tex]\frac{F}{W} = \frac{23*10^{-10}}{9.8*10^{-4}} = 2.35 *10^{-6}[/tex]
Therefore, the ratio of the magnitude of the electric force on the bee to the magnitude of the bee's weight is 2.35 x 10⁻⁶
Jodi made a list about electric current to help her study for a test.
1) Movement of electrons is continuous in a current.
2) Electrons move from areas of low to high electric potential.
3) Voltage causes current to flow.
4) Rate at which current flows is measured in amperes.
Which best describes Jodi’s error?
A) The movement of electrons is not always continuous.
B) Electrons move from areas of high to low electric potential.
C) Resistance causes current to flow.
D) The rate at which current flows is measured in ohms.
Answer: The answer is B; Electrons move from areas of high to low electric potential
Explanation:
I had this question on a quiz and got it correct.
The required Electrons move from areas of high to low electric potential best describes Jodi’s error. Option B is correct.
What is electric current?Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a material. It is typically expressed in units of amperes (A), which represent the rate at which charge flows through a conductor.
Here,
Jodi's error is in statement 2. Electrons move from areas of high electric potential to areas of low electric potential, not from low to high electric potential. This is because electric potential is a measure of the energy per unit charge, so electrons will naturally flow from areas of higher potential to areas of lower potential to balance out the potential difference.
Thus, the required, Electrons move from areas of high to low electric potential best describes Jodi’s error. Option B is correct.
Learn more about electric current here;
https://brainly.com/question/2264542
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Water inside a tub rises from 15 mL to 19 mL when an object is submerged. If the mass of the object is 249, what's the density of
the object?
O A.6 g/ml
O B. 0.8 g/mL
O C.4g/ml
O D. 0.12 g/mL
Explanation:
The density of a substance can be found by using the formula
[tex]density = \frac{mass}{volume} \\ [/tex]
From the question
mass = 249 g
volume = final volume of water - initial volume of water
volume = 19 - 15 = 4 mL
We have
[tex]density = \frac{249}{4} \\ [/tex]
We have the final answer as
62.25 g/mLHope this helps you
A cannonball has a speed of 320 m/s at an altitude of 122 m above the ground. What is the total mechanical energy of the cannonball assuming that the potential energy at ground level is zero
Answer:
Each kilogram of the cannonball has a total energy of 52396.454 joules.
Explanation:
From Principle of Energy Conservation we understand that energy cannot be destroyed nor created, but transformed. In this case non-conservative forces can be neglected, so that total energy of the cannonball ([tex]E[/tex]) is the sum of gravitational potential ([tex]U_{g}[/tex]) and translational kinetic energies ([tex]K[/tex]), all measured in joules. That is:
[tex]E = U_{g}+K[/tex] (Eq. 1)
By applying definitions of gravitational potential and translational kinetic energies, we proceed to expand the expression:
[tex]E = m\cdot g \cdot y + \frac{1}{2} \cdot m \cdot v^{2}[/tex] (Eq. 2)
Where:
[tex]m[/tex] - Mass of the cannonball, measured in kilograms.
[tex]g[/tex] - Gravitational acceleration, measured in meters per square second.
[tex]y[/tex] - Height of the cannonball above ground level, measured in meters.
[tex]v[/tex] - Speed of the cannonball, measured in meters per second.
As we do not know the mass of the cannonball, we must calculated the unit total energy ([tex]e[/tex]), measured in joules per kilogram, whose formula is found by dividing (Eq. 1) by the mass of the cannonball. Then:
[tex]e = g\cdot y + \frac{1}{2}\cdot v^{2}[/tex]
If we know that [tex]g = 9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}}[/tex], [tex]y =122\,m[/tex] and [tex]v = 320\,\frac{m}{s}[/tex], the unit total energy of the cannonball is:
[tex]e = \left(9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}}\right)\cdot (122\,m)+\frac{1}{2}\cdot \left(320\,\frac{m}{s} \right)^{2}[/tex]
[tex]e = 52396.454\,\frac{J}{kg}[/tex]
Each kilogram of the cannonball has a total energy of 52396.454 joules.
How much force is needed to accelerate an object with a mass of 90 kg at a rate of 1.2 ms
Please help me! I will give you a thanks!
Answer:
The answer is D
Explanation:
Because it is big and can fit the truck.
What does the diameter in meters need to be of a round parachute that the designer has determined needs to have an area of 500 square meters?
A bungee cord is 30.0 mm long and, when stretched a distance xx, it exerts a restoring force of magnitude kxkx. Your father-in-law (mass 97.0 kgkg) stands on a platform 45.0 mm above the ground, and one end of the cord is tied securely to his ankle and the other end to the platform. You have promised him that when he steps off the platform he will fall a maximum distance of only 41.0 mm before the cord stops him. You had several bungee cords to select from, and you tested them by stretching them out, tying one end to a tree, and pulling on the other end with a force of 420 NN.
Part A When you do this, what distance will the bungee cord that you should select have stretched?
Answer:
0.65 m
Explanation:
See attachment for calculation
Read each scenario and then answer the questions.
Scenario A: A shopping cart is pushed a distance of 3 m by a force of 15 N.
Scenario B: A shopping cart is pushed a distance of 4 m by a force of 12 N.
Scenario C: A shopping cart is pushed a distance of 6 m by a force of 10 N.
Which scenario requires the most work?
Which scenario requires the least work?
Answer:
C requires the most work and A requires the least work
Answer:
Which scenario requires the most work?
✔ C
Which scenario requires the least work?
✔ A
PLEASE HELP!!
A box falls out of an airplane that is traveling horizontally at 100m/s. The plane is at an altitude of 300m.
Where does the box land relative to where it was dropped from?
Answer:
Explanation:
Key point: the vertical motion is free fall, the horizontal motion remains at uniform speed of 100 m/s (because there is no force in the horizontal direction if we neglect air resistance.)
The time of free fall can be calculated first:
h = 1/2 g t^2 => t = sqrt(2 h /g) = sqrt(2 * 300 m / 9.81 s) = 7.82 seconds.
In that time, the horizontal displacement will be
s = v_horizontal * t = 100 m/s * 7.82 s = 782 m.
So the box will land 782 m further than the point it was dropped from (and 300 m lower of course)
A team of ecologists are studying four different ecosystems with varying levels of biodiversity. The ecologists categorize the different levels of biodiversity for the four ecosystems as shown in the table below.
Genetic Diversity Species Diversity Habitat Diversity
Ecosystem A Low Low Medium
Ecosystem B Medium High Medium
Ecosystem C High Low Low
Ecosystem D Medium Low High
Based on the information above, which ecosystem most likely experienced a recent population bottleneck?
Ecosystem A, because its low genetic diversity could have resulted from an event that reduced the variation in the gene pool.
Ecosystem A, because its low genetic diversity could have resulted from an event that reduced the variation in the gene pool.
A
Ecosystem B, because its high species diversity could have resulted from increased competition among its members.
Ecosystem B, because its high species diversity could have resulted from increased competition among its members.
B
Ecosystem C, because its low habitat diversity indicates an increase in available niches.
Ecosystem C, because its low habitat diversity indicates an increase in available niches.
C
Ecosystem D, because its low species diversity indicates that it also has low species evenness.
Answer:
B. Ecosystem B, because its high species diversity could have resulted from increased competition among its members.
Explanation:
This is because, in the ecosystem with varying level of biodiversity, Ecosystem B has medium level of species diversity found in them with High medium level of habitat diversity which causes increasing competitions among them.
PLEASE PROVIDE EXPLANATION
Answer:
(a) 9.52
(b) 3.81
Explanation:
Draw a free body diagram of block m. There are two forces:
Weight mg pulling down, and tension T₁ pulling up.
Draw a free body diagram of block M. There are two forces:
Weight Mg pulling down, and tension T₂ pulling up.
Draw a free body diagram of the double pulley. There are two torques:
Tension T₂ pulling counterclockwise at r, and tension T₁ pulling clockwise at R.
Let's assume that M moves down, m moves up, and the pulley rotates counterclockwise.
Sum of forces on block m in the +y direction:
∑F = ma
T₁ − mg = ma₁
T₁ = mg + ma₁
Sum of forces on block M in the -y direction:
∑F = ma
Mg − T₂ = Ma₂
T₂ = Mg − Ma₂
Sum of the torques about the pulley's center in the counterclockwise direction:
∑τ = Iα
T₂ r − T₁ R = (½ m₀ r² + ½ m₀ R²) α
T₂ r − T₁ R = ½ m₀ (r² + R²) α
Substitute:
(Mg − Ma₂) r − (mg + ma₁) R = ½ m₀ (r² + R²) α
The strings don't slip on the pulley, so a₁ = αR and a₂ = αr.
(Mg − Mαr) r − (mg + mαR) R = ½ m₀ (r² + R²) α
Mgr − Mαr² − mgR − mαR² = ½ m₀ (r² + R²) α
g (Mr − mR) − α (Mr² + mR²) = ½ m₀ (r² + R²) α
g (Mr − mR) = [½ m₀ (r² + R²) + Mr² + mR²] α
α = g (Mr − mR) / [½ m₀ (r² + R²) + Mr² + mR²]
α = (10) (9×0.2 − 1×0.5) / (½ (0.5) (0.2² + 0.5²) + 9(0.2)² + 1(0.5)²]
α = 19.0 rad/s²
Therefore:
a₁ = αR = (19.0 rad/s²) (0.5 m) = 9.52 m/s²
a₂ = αr = (19.0 rad/s²) (0.2 m) = 3.81 m/s²
If a park is 5 miles away what is the average speed you have to maintain to arrive in 15 minutes
Answer:
3 miles per hour
Explanation:
15 divided by 5 = 3
A body start from rest are moves with uniform acceleration of 60m/1/5^2.what distance does it cover in third second?
Answer:
Let's see what to do buddy...
Explanation:
_________________________________
[tex]a = \frac{60}{ ({ \frac{1}{5}) }^{2} } = \frac{60}{ \frac{1}{25} } = 60 \times 25 \\ \\ a = 15 \times 4 \times 25 = 15 \times 100 \\ a = 1500 \: \frac{m}{ {s}^{2} } [/tex]
_________________________________
The body start from rest which means :
[tex]v(0) = 0[/tex]
_________________________________
In third second means :
t = 2 -----¢ t = 3 -----¢ ∆t = 1
_________________________________
We have this equation to find the distance.
[tex] ∆x = \frac{1}{2} \: a \: {t}^{2} + v(0) \: t \\ [/tex]
_________________________________
[tex]∆x = \frac{1}{2} \times 1500 \times 1 + 0 \times 1 \\ \\ ∆x = 750 + 0 = 750[/tex]
_________________________________
And we're done.
Thanks for watching buddy good luck.
♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️
What is the answwr I need help
Select the choice from the list below that most accurately completes the statements below. The first phrase will go in the first blank of the statement and the second phrase will go in the second blank.
A 1: greater than 2: because of Newton's Second Law
B 1: less than 2: because of Newton's Third Law
C 1: equal to 2: because of Newton's Third Law.
D 1: equal to 2: because of Newton's Second Law
E 1: less than 2: because of Newton's Second Law
F 1: greater than 2: because of Newton's Third Law.
You push a box horizontally along level ground but friction is causing the box to slow down. The magnitude of the friction force from the ground on the box is _________the magnitude of your force. You push a box horizontally along level ground at constant velocity. The magnitude of the friction force from the ground on the box is____________the magnitude of your force. You are standing on a hill where the ground is sloped. The magnitude of the normal force from the ground on you is___________the magnitude of the normal force from you on the ground. You are standing on a hill where the ground is sloped. The magnitude of the normal force from the ground on you is _____________the magnitude of your weight. You are facing your (very large and very strong) friend, Commander Worf. Worf gets very angry and pushes you to the ground. Worf remains stationary (a = 0). The magnitude of the force from Worf on you is __________the magnitude of the force from you on Worf. You are standing at a place where the ground is level. The magnitude of your weight is__________the magnitude of the normal force from the ground on you.
Answer:
this question requires us to use our knowledge of newton's 1st 2nd and 3rd laws to fill in the blank spaces. the words in bold are the answers to the question
Explanation:
1. You push a box horizontally along level ground but friction is causing the box to slow down. The magnitude of the friction force from the ground on the box is greater than the magnitude of your force because of newtons second law
2. You push a box horizontally along level ground at constant velocity. The magnitude of the friction force from the ground on the box is equal to the magnitude of your force because of newtons second law
3. You are standing on a hill where the ground is sloped. The magnitude of the normal force from the ground on you is equal to the magnitude of the normal force from you on the ground because of newtons third law.
4. You are standing on a hill where the ground is sloped. The magnitude of the normal force from the ground on you is less than the magnitude of your weight because of newtons second law
5. You are facing your (very large and very strong) friend, Commander Worf. Worf gets very angry and pushes you to the ground. Worf remains stationary (a = 0). The magnitude of the force from Worf on you is equal to the magnitude of the force from you on Worf because of newtons third law
6. You are standing at a place where the ground is level. The magnitude of your weight is equal to the magnitude of the normal force from the ground on you newtons second law
The rectangular boat shown below has base dimensions 10.0 cm × 8.0 cm. Each cube has a mass of 40 g, and the liquid in the tank has a density of 1.0 g/mL. How far has the boat sunk into the water?
A. 3.2 cm
B. 4.0 cm
C. 4.8 cm
D. 8.0 cm
Answer:
A that the answer I think I'm not tryna do u bad thi
Explanation:
but try it
Which of the following is NOT a unit of measurement for speed?
I don't see any units of measurement or speed I don't see anything
a motorbike and its rider have a mass of 274kg. if they experience an acceleration of 4.50 m/s^2 what force was exerted on them
Answer:
1233 N
Explanation:
force=mass×accerelation
you breathe in oxygen gas in air, but oxygen can exist in all four states. Four samples of oxygen have the same mass but are each in a different state. which statement about the relative amounts of thermal energy in the samples is true?
A. The sample of liquid has more energy that the sample of gas.
B. The sample of solid has more energy that the sample of gas.
C. The sample of plasma has less energy than the sample gas.
D. The sample of plasma has more energy than the sample of gas.
PLEASE HELP
It is true that the sample of plasma has more energy than the sample of gas. Option D is correct.
What is gas?Gas is a sample of matter that adopts the shape of the container in which it is housed and develops a uniform density inside the container.
Liquid molecules are more energetic than solid molecules. Further heating will cause the molecules to move so quickly that they won't stick together at all. The gas molecules have the highest energy content.
Although oxygen is a gas that you breathe in, it may also exist in all four other states. The mass of the four oxygen samples is the same, yet they are all in distinct states.
Regarding the relative levels of thermal energy in the samples, statement B is accurate. Regarding the proportional quantities of thermal energy in the samples,
It is true that the sample of plasma has more energy than the sample of gas.
Hence, option D is correct.
To learn more about the gas refer;
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In this activity, you're going to write a SUMMARY paragraph for this lesson over Measuring and Graphing Motion. In your summary, you will use the following keywords:
Graphs
X axis, Y axis
Motion
Speed
Distance-time graph
Position-time graph
Speed-time graph
Include examples for the types of graphs and how they tell a story about how something moves.
Pain during sports is completely normal and should not be a concern.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided.
OT
OF
Answer:
F
Explanation: Its common sence
Answer:
It’s false
Explanation:
2020 (WORST YEAR EVER) on Edge ;-)
How is Earth's surface most likely to change in a place that experiences extensive animal activity?
Sand dunes will be formed due to deposition of sediments.
Soil will loosen due to vast network of underground tunnels.
Cracks will appear in rocks due to freezing and thawing of water.
Rocks will break due to repeated abrasion and mechanical stress.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Answer:
Soil will loosen due to vast networks of underground tunnels.