Answer:
A human journey to Mars, at first glance, offers an inexhaustible amount of complexities. To bring a mission to the Red Planet from fiction to fact, NASA’s Human Research Program has organized hazards astronauts will encounter on a continual basis into five classifications. Pooling the challenges into categories allows for an organized effort to overcome the obstacles that lay before such a mission. However, these hazards do not stand alone. They can feed off one another and exacerbate effects on the human body. These hazards are being studied using ground-based analogs, laboratories, and the International Space Station, which serves as a test bed to evaluate human performance and countermeasures required for the exploration of space.
Various research platforms give NASA valuable insight into how the human body and mind might respond during extended forays into space. The resulting data, technology and methods developed serve as valuable knowledge to extrapolate to multi-year interplanetary missions.
1. Radiation
The first hazard of a human mission to Mars is also the most difficult to visualize because, well, space radiation is invisible to the human eye. Radiation is not only stealthy, but considered one of the most menacing of the five hazards.
Above Earth’s natural protection, radiation exposure increases cancer risk, damages the central nervous system, can alter cognitive function, reduce motor function and prompt behavioral changes. To learn what can happen above low-Earth orbit, NASA studies how radiation affects biological samples using a ground-based research laboratory.
The space station sits just within Earth’s protective magnetic field, so while our astronauts are exposed to ten-times higher radiation than on Earth, it’s still a smaller dose than what deep space has in store.
To mitigate this hazard, deep space vehicles will have significant protective shielding, dosimetry, and alerts. Research is also being conducted in the field of medical countermeasures such as pharmaceuticals to help defend against radiation.
2. Isolation and confinement
Behavioral issues among groups of people crammed in a small space over a long period of time, no matter how well trained they are, are inevitable. Crews will be carefully chosen, trained and supported to ensure they can work effectively as a team for months or years in space.
On Earth we have the luxury of picking up our cell phones and instantly being connected with nearly everything and everyone around us. On a trip to Mars, astronauts will be more isolated and confined than we can imagine. Sleep loss, circadian desynchronization, and work overload compound this issue and may lead to performance decrements, adverse health outcomes, and compromised mission objectives.
To address this hazard, methods for monitoring behavioral health and adapting/refining various tools and technologies for use in the spaceflight environment are being developed to detect and treat early risk factors. Research is also being conducted in workload and performance, light therapy for circadian alignment, phase shifting and alertness.
3. Distance from Earth
The third and perhaps most apparent hazard is, quite simply, the distance. Mars is, on average, 140 million miles from Earth. Rather than a three-day lunar trip, astronauts would be leaving our planet for roughly three years. While International Space Station expeditions serve as a rough foundation for the expected impact on planning logistics for such a trip, the data isn’t always comparable. If a medical event or emergency happens on the station, the crew can return home within hours. Additionally, cargo vehicles continual resupply the crews with fresh food, medical equipment, and other resources. Once you burn your engines for Mars, there is no turning back and no resupply.
Planning and self-sufficiency are essential keys to a successful Martian mission. Facing a communication delay of up to 20 minutes one way and the possibility of equipment failures or a medical emergency, astronauts must be capable of confronting an array of situations without support from their fellow team on Earth.
In folklore of the Choctaw’s migration to Mississippi, what was used to guide them?
Answer:
The History of Choctaw Removal and Migration In Winston County, Mississippi, there stands an ancient earthwork mound that was constructed sometime in the period 1-300 CE. Since the 17th century, this mound has been held as the location of sacred origin for the birth of one tribe, the Choctaw…
Explanation:
What is the best definition of the caste system?
Caste system refers to the division of the Hindus in four categories, that is Brahmins, Kshatriya, Vaishyas and the Shudra.
What is definition?Definition refers to the meaning of the term which precisely explained along with its usage. It is basically in the form of the statement. There are two types of definitions that are intentional definitions and extensional definitions.
Caste is a type of societal structure marked by recessive disorders, the hereditary transfer of a way of life that generally includes an employment, ceremonial rank in a hierarchy.
Caste system is the categories provided to the Hindu as per his or occupation. Brahmins are the priests who are honored and preaches the god.
Kshatriyas are the warriors who participate in the wars and the kings of their regions. Vaishyas are the people who are merchants and involved in the trading activities.
Lastly is the Shudras who are the servants or the workmen meant to serve their lords.
Therefore, it can be concluded that The Hindu caste system divides Hindus into four groups: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.
Learn more about caste system here:
https://brainly.com/question/2505838
#SPJ6
Identify the leaders of the Mughai Empire
Answer:
Babur (r. 1526-30)
Humayun (r. 1530-56)
Akbar (r. 1556-1605)
Jahangir (r. 1605-27)
Shah Jahan (r. 1627-58)
Aurangzeb (r. 1658-1707)
Explanation:
Answer:
Major ones are:
Babur (r. 1526-30)
Humayun (r. 1530-56)
Akbar (r. 1556-1605)
Jahangir (r. 1605-27)
Shah Jahan (r. 1627-58)
Aurangzeb (r. 1658-1707)
Explanation:
A white male who makes more than 100,000 a year, would probably vote
Answer:
donald trumps it so obvious
Which statement describes the Minoan religion?
O The Minoans worshipped one god.
O The Minoans worshipped many idols.
O The Minoans worshipped female gods.
O The Minoans worshipped male gods.
Answer:
The minoan worshipped femals gods.
Explanation:
hopefully that is correct...
Answer:
C
Explanation:
what kind of source is a textbook
Answer:
Secondary Source
Why do Tarbell and the Honolulu times have different opinions about the industrialists
The esophagus,stomach,and intestines are part of which system A.Digestive system B. Circulatory system C. Muscular system D. Nervous system
Answer:A
Explanation:
Because the circulatory system is the heart. The muscular systems are the muscles. And the nervous system is the nerves. The only one that makes sense is the digestive since they all help you digest foods.
What is one way Feudal Japan was different than Feudal Europe?
A) Marriage was used to form alliances in Japan.
B) Families hired warriors for protection in Japan.
C) Japanese estates were centered around a castle.
D) Japanese peasants owned the land they farmed.
Answer:
C. Japanese estates were centered around a castle.
The 1874 Samuel Lockett geological survey identified Louisiana’s 5 major natural regions: Mississippi Floodplain, ____________, Terraces, Marshes, and Hills.
Answer:
I think is the red River valley
Explanation:
please mark me as the brainlest
When, where, and for what reasons did the first English settlement at Charles Town move to its present-day location?
Answer:
The first English settlement in what is now called South Carolina was made in 1670, when William Sayle sailed up the Ashley River with three shiploads of English emigrants from Barbados. These settlers pitched their tents on its banks and built a town on Albemarle Point, which has since wholly disappeared.Explanation:
have fun with that
(PLZ HELP) (PARAGRAPH OF AT LEAST 5 SENTENCES OR MORE)
In what ways does the Magna Carta start to limit the power of the
king/government/authority figures?
Answer:
In what ways does the Magna Carta start to limit the power of the
king/government/authority figures?
he tries to (down below)
Explanation:
Executive Power. For centuries Magna Carta has stood for the principle that no man is above the law, not even a king. When the king is in violation, the barons have the authority to seize the king's properties by military force—or “distrain” him—until he complies. ...
Which statement might have been made by an Anti-Federalist?
O A. The Constitution is perfect as written.
O B. Checks and balances will prevent government corruption.
OC. A standing army is a danger to democracy.
O D. The government must be strong for the country to work.
Answer:
B probably
Explanation:
Why did king Henry VIII break from the catholic from the Catholic Church
Answer:
Henry VIII separated from the Catholic Church because
the Catholic Church refused to grant him a divorce from Catherine of Aragon, who had failed to produce a male heir
In addition, he wanted to
bring church property in Britain under his control
Explanation:
PLATO
WILL MARK YOU AS BRAINLIEST PLEASE HELP ME EXPLAIN WHY CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA WERE TWO OF THE FIRST WESTERN TERRITORIES TO BECOME STATES??
Answer:he migration of Mormon followers, the Mexican-American War, and the Gold Rush indirectly contributed to the settlement of Nevada.
When Mormons sought freedom from religious persecution, Brigham Young led the group to the Great Salt Lake and proclaimed the independent State of Deseret. This region included Nevada, and members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints eventually settled in the northern regions, and eventually, the Carson Valley. This settlement, the Mormon Station, became a trading post, and as they developed agriculture and a civilization there, non-Mormons began to settle there as well. caused rift that would lead to nv separation from utah territory. Young also sent some of his party to southern Nevada to establish another supply station and to convert the Native Americans to Mormonism.
In 1848, the United States defeated Mexico in the Mexican-American War, guadalupe hidalgo, obtaining the state of California and much of the southwest. This cession of territory prompted the government to define boundaries and statehood. Upon the Compromise of 1850, the Mexican Cession was broken up into New Mexico and Utah Territories, and what would later become Nevada was split in two.
Finally, the discovery of gold in California contributed to the flood of entrepreneurs crossing the Great Basin, the increase in trade posts and supply stations along the way, and ultimately, Nevada's future development. more populated in Genoa, Mormon Station
Explanation:
PSC flashcards QUIZLET
After learning about the various types of governments around the world, what type of government does the United States have?
A. Democratic Republic
B. Constitutional Monarchy
C. Totalitarian Dictatorship
D. Direct Democracy
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The US is a Democratic republic. Since the people do not directly vote for every bill but for representatives that vote on the bills thus being an indirect democracy (Democratic Republic)
"Colony" refers to:
A.) an expedition sent to explore a foreign land
B.) a settlement in a distance land whose citizen keep close ties to their parent country
C.) a group of individuals who unite for a common cause
D.) an increase in population for a country
Answer:
fhe answer should be (b)
Why would the Sumerians record a story about their encountering a monster
Answer:
to encourage others to go looking for the monster to fight it
Explanation:
Which information should be avoided when writing a summary?
A. Minor details
B. The main idea
C. Support
D. Major details
The Terraces region includes blufflands, prairies and marshes.
True
False?
Answer:
True
Explanation:
How did Rockefeller defend the Standard Oil Company?
Answer:
To give Standard Oil an edge over its competitors, Rockefeller secretly arranged for discounted shipping rates from railroads. The railroads carried crude oil to Standard's refineries in Cleveland and kerosene to the big city markets.To give Standard Oil an edge over its competitors, Rockefeller secretly arranged for discounted shipping rates from railroads. The railroads carried crude oil to Standard's refineries in Cleveland and kerosene to the big city markets.
Explanation:
Why did Cherokee and Creek civilians take refuge in the Red River Valley after the Battle of Honey Springs? What was their flight called?
Answer:
Cherokee and Creek civilians take refuge in the Red River Valley after the Battle of Honey Springs is explained below in details.
Explanation:
More pro-Confederate Cherokees escaped to the Red River Valley as these Union soldiers torched homes and attacked civilians as far south as Webbers Falls. Creek civilians and Pro-Confederate Cherokee realized that the Confederate loss and subsequent retreat south to the Canadian River left them betrayed and helpless.
Indian Territory civilians on both factions escaped their homes, forming a refugee problem not intercepted by Union or Confederate officials.
Select five facts about the geography of Greece.
O rugged and mountainous
o many natural harbors
O heavy snow in winter
on the Balkan Peninsula
o large level plains for growing crops
on the Mediterranean Sea
o deep valleys
Answer:
1. rugged and mountainous
2. on the Balkan Peninsula
3. on the Mediterranean Sea
4. deep valleys
5. many natural harbors
Explanation:
Greece is the lower part of the Balkan Peninsula, which is located in the northeastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. Numerous islands are located along the coastline of this peninsula.
Geography. Two geographical factors influenced the development of early Greece. Greece has many good, natural harbors. These harbors allowed the early Greeks to become prosperous traders. The topography of Greece is rugged. Mountain ranges and deep valleys divide Greece into isolated regions. This isolation caused city-states to develop in early Greece. The citizens of a city-state identified with the city-state. National identity and loyalty was not strong.
Was Nelson Mandela’s approach to securing Human Rights for all South Africans effective?
Answer:
yes his approach was effective
which of the following represents an accurate description that applies to both india and china during the classical era?
Answer: both used centralized governments to promote cultural unity
Explanation:
n the context of the text, how do people become leaders? How was Hitler able to gain the
support of so many people? Cite evidence from this text, your own experience, and other
literature, art, or history in your answer.
What did Bienville advocate for building
in Louisiana?
migrés: a
son who
left their
country
settle in
nother
dent
esiastic
ville
ner of
Elle, a
nch
er who
set up
anch
sin
Answer:
write the question well.
How do medieval trade routes compare to the boundaries of the modern islamic world. Pls need help!!!!!
Answer:
Both the commercial routes and the borders of the Islamic world, crossed the limits of their territories, reaching to spread throughout the world, even becoming undefined.
Explanation:
Trade routes were a type of "path" that linked different regions around the world organizing trade between different cultures. The borders of the Islamic world, represents the geographical limitation in which Islam has established itself.
Both the trade routes and the borders of the Islamic world have developed and spread in a very powerful way, reaching beyond their own limits and becoming indefinite, since they began to cover larger and larger regions, spreading to basically the whole world.
Select the true statement about New Art History.
a) New Art History and traditional art history share the same canon.
b) New Art History involves a revisionist approach which emerged during the 1970s and questions earlier methods, while connoisseurship relies on recognition of elements of an artist's personal style.
c) New Art History emphasizes connoisseurship, while the traditional art history approach emphasized using art as a form of social activism.
d) New Art History is a revisionist approach to art history that emerged during the 1800s, and discredits earlier methodologies or approaches to art history.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
The true statement about New Art History is option B.
What is New atr history?Art records is the study of gadgets of artwork taken into consideration inside their time period. art historians analyze visual arts' that means (painting, sculpture, structure) on the time they had been created.
Rather than digital artwork, conventional artwork is made the usage of extra physical conventional media inclusive of pencils, charcoal, oil paints, clay, and such. This form of art has been in use for plenty centuries before the advent of digital media and is still extensively famous to at the moment.
According to the options
a) New Art History and traditional art history share the same canon.
b) New Art History involves a revisionist approach which emerged during the 1970s and questions earlier methods, while connoisseurship relies on recognition of elements of an artist's personal style.
c) New Art History emphasizes connoisseurship, while the traditional art history approach emphasized using art as a form of social activism.
d) New Art History is a revisionist approach to art history that emerged during the 1800s, and discredits earlier methodologies or approaches to art history.
The answer is option B.
Learn more about New Art history here:-https://brainly.com/question/1995169
#SPJ2
which of Georgia signers of the declaration of independence was a doctor and minister
A) button Gwinnett
B)Lyman hall
C) George Walton
D) Thomas Jefferson ⊥
Answer:
b, lyman hall
Explanation:
Lyman Hall was an ordained minister, a doctor and one of three Georgians to sign the Declaration of Independence.