When vesicles of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (CSR) are incubated with ATP Mg^2+ and Ca^2+, they take up Ca^2+ and reach a pseudo steady-state. This is a steady state that changes, but slowly. The uptake of Ca2+ is mediated by the SERCA2a Ca-ATPase. The uptake reaction can be quenched by adding EGTA to the external solution, which binds the Ca^2+ outside of the vesicles, or by adding glucose plus hexokinase, that converts the ATP to ADP and glucose-6 phosphate. When the uptake reaction is stopped, Ca^2+ that was already taken up by the vesicles leaks out passively A. The amount of Ca^2+ taken up by the vesicles is generally normalized to the amount of CSR protein in mg rather than being expressed as a concentration. A typical steady state Ca2 uptake is 40 nmol mg^-1. In separate experiments, the enclosed volume of the CSR vesicles was determined to be 5 mu L mg. What is the approximate concentration of Ca^2+ inside the vesicles at steady-state? The total Ca^2+ concentration is its amount divided by the volume in which it is distributed. In this case the amount is 40 nmal mg CSR protein^-1 and the volume is 5 mu L mg CSR protein^-1, The concentration is estimated as B. The average vesicle size determined by electron microscopy is about 150 nm. What is the volume and surface area of a vesicle this size, assuming it is a sphere? C. Given that the enclosed volume of the aggregate vesicles is 5 iL mg-1, how many vesicles are there per mg of CSR protein? How much surface area is there per mg of CSR protein? D. The initial passive efflux at a load of 40 nmol mg when the pump is stopped is 16 nmol min^-1mg^-1. Convert this to a flux in units of nmol cm^-2 s^-1 by dividing by the surface area per mg of CSR protein and converting min to s. E. What is the passive permeability to Ca^2+ in cm s^-1?
Answers
Answer
I added 4 and 5 as an attachment due to time constraint.
Explanation:
1. at a steady state ca2+ taken by vesicle = 40n/mol
enclosed volume of CSR = 5μ/mg
concentration of ca2+ in vesicle =
40*10⁻⁶/5x10⁻⁶
= 0.008
= 8x10⁻⁹mol/L
2. radius of circle =75nM
volume = 150nm
volume of vesicle = 4/3 x pi x r³
= 1.33 x 3.14 x (75x10⁻⁹)³
= 1.77 x 10⁻²¹
when we convert this we get
1.77x10⁻¹⁸L since 1m³ is equal to 100oL
surface area =4x3.14x(75x10⁻⁹)²
= 12.56x5.625⁻¹⁵
= 7.065x10⁻¹⁴m²
this is 7.065x10⁻¹⁰cm²
3. number of vesicle/CSR
= 5x10⁻⁶/1.77x10⁻¹⁸
= 2.824x10¹²
surface are = 2.824x10¹² x7.06x10⁻¹⁰
= 19.95x10²
Related Questions
Which statement best describes a benefit of conducting a comparative investigation over collecting data from the Internet?
1 A comparative investigation can be repeated in a short time while collecting the continuous data from the Internet takes longer.
2Conducting a comparative investigation is always less expensive than an investigation in which data is obtained from the Internet.
3 Conducting a comparative investigation is always less time consuming than obtaining data from the Internet.
4 A comparative investigation can provide a wider range of data than can be obtained from the Internet.
Answers
Answer:
The correct option is 4
Explanation:
Comparative investigation involves the collection of data from different "subjects" (including organisms, object or characteristics) or obtaining data under different conditions (such as seasons, years or locations) for the purpose of comparison. This type of investigation is both time and capital intensive; meaning it requires a lot of time and money. It however provides a larger and wider range of data that might not be available through other "independent investigations" because a large amount of subjects is usually studied for proper and accurate comparisons.
Answer:
D- A comparative investigation can provide a wider range of data than can be obtained from the Internet.
Explanation:
I did the ed and put b cuz other questions said they were right (DON'T TRUST EM
Consider two different traits in mice affecting tail length and fur color. A two-factor cross was made involving true-breeding mice with short tails and white fur to wild-type mice with long tails and brown fur. All F1 offspring had long tails and brown fur. The F1 offspring were then crossed to mice with short tails and white fur. The following phenotypic results were obtained:
118 long tails, brown fur 77 long tails, white fur 114 short tails, white fur 81 short tails, brown fur
Required:
Construct a null hypothesis about these two genes and the expected ratios of the offspring from the cross.
Answers
Answer:
See the answer below
Explanation:
Null hypothesis: The two genes are independently assorting and therefore, are not linked to each other.
Let A represents the allele for tail length and B for fur color. Long-tail A is dominant over short tail a while brown fur B is dominant over white fur b.
For the first cross involving true-breeding mice:
AABB x aabb
F1 AaBb (long tails and brown fur)
For the second cross:
AaBb x aabb
4 AaBb - Long-tail, brown fur
4 Aabb - Long tail, white fur
4 aaBb - short tail, brown fur
4 aabb - short tail, white fur
Since the phenotypic ratio from the cross is 1:1:1:1, if the null hypothesis was to be true, it means that the expected phenotype ratio should be 1:1:1:1.
In order to test this hypothesis, we use Chi-square:
phenotype O E X^2
Long-tail, brown fur 118 97.5 [tex]\frac{(118-97.5)^2}{97.5}[/tex] = 4.31
Long tail, white fur 77 97.5 4.31
short tail, brown fur 81 97.5 2.79
short tail, white fur 114 97.5 2.79
Total 14.2
Degree of freedom = 4 - 1 = 3
Critical Chi-square value = 7.815
The calculated Chi-square value is more than the critical value, hence, the null hypothesis is rejected.
The management of wetlands comes under the area of
a. agricultural processing, products, and distribution.
b. agriscience professions.
c. horticulture.
d. renewable natural resources.
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
I’m pretty sure
A flying object is moving at 150 m/s. It makes a complete and final stop in 12 seconds. Calculate the object’s acceleration.
plzzzzzzzzzzz
Answers
Answer:
12.5m/s^2
Explanation:
Acceleration of an object can be calculated by using the formula;
a = v-u/t
Where; a= acceleration
v= final speed
u= initial speed
t= time
According to this question, the flying object is moving at 150m/s, meaning that ∆V = (v-u) is 150m/s, where initial speed is 0m/s.
Since time is 12s, the acceleration is thus:
a = 150-0/12
a= 150/12
a= 12.5
Hence, the acceleration of the flying object is 12.5m/s^2
Where do rivers usually begin?
O at the ocean
O at groundwater outlets
O in mountainous regions
O in lakes and larger rivers
Answers
Answer:
Where do rivers usually begin?
C:
in mountainous regions
Explanation:
Elementary my dear Watson, elementary.
Answer:
Where do rivers usually begin?
C
in mountainous regions
From where do the gems used in jewelry come?
They are nonmetallic minerals.
They are metallic ore.
They are nonmetallic silicates.
They are metallic minerals.
Answers
Answer:
Es verdad que el mundo de los diamantes y gemas preciosas siempre ha sido mágico y lleno de glamour y nos hace viajar por medio mundo en búsqueda de los yacimientos donde encontrar estas maravillas creadas por la naturaleza.
Pero además saber de donde vienen nuestras gemas y diamantes , es decir cómo son los métodos de extracción y dónde se realizan, nos da garantía de que estas serán legales y realizados por parte de los mejores profesionales.
En nuestra firma, Navas Joyeros cada diamante y piedra preciosa es lo más importante ya que es la parte esencial de la joya, eso sí, no descuidamos en absoluto la perfecta elaboración que llevamos a cabo en nuestras instalaciones del norte de Italia donde se produce las piezas de alta joyería.
Nuestros diamantes se obtienen desde origen de extracción a través de los sightholder autorizados por la Dtc , multinacionales que tienen la exclusiva de compra de los sights o adquisiciones oficiales de diamante en bruto, y que desarrollan su tallado para su comercialización mun
esmetalioc
Explanation:
Answer:
Nonmetallic minerals
___ moves molecules by going from an area of a low concentration gradient to a high concentration gradient
active transport or passive transport
Answers
Answer:active trasport.
More the density of liquid, then
(a) Slower the sound travel
(b) Faster the sound travel
(c) More distance covered by the sound
(d) Less distance covered by the sound
Answers
Answer:
(a) Slower the sound travel
Explanation:
The speed of sound also depends on the material it is traveling on. The denser the liquid, the slower the sound can travel and the less denser the liquid, the faster the sound can travel. This is because denser materials have larger molecules than less denser materials. Sound waves travel through "vibration." It takes more energy to vibrate in denser objects than in less denser ones; thus this explains the slow travel rate of sound in a denser medium of liquid.
what would happen if the cell wall did not exist?
Answers
In what type of storm do the winds begin circulating?
Thunder storm
Tropical Depression
Hurricane
snow storm
Answers
Answer:
Hurricane
Explanation:
Hurricane is a large rotating storm with high winds that form over warm water and blah blah blah
YOU GET 50 POINTS: Fill in the words
Answers
Answer:
meiosis
chromosome
partner
divides
chromosome
Four new cells
single set
Match each cell type to its correct description.
a. phagocytic blood cells
b. stems cell that differentiate into fibroblasts
c. create matrix of connective tissue
d. secrete pigment melanin
e. cause inflammation
f. second most abundant cell type and maintain matrix
g. specialized cell of the immune system
h. large phagocytic cells of the immune system
i. fat cells
1. fibroblasts
2. fibrocytes
3. adipocytes
4. mesenchymal cells
5. melanocytes
6. macrophages
7. mast cells
8. lymphocytes
9. microphages
Answers
Answer:
a. phagocytic blood cells - 9. microphages
b. stems cell that differentiate into fibroblasts - 4. mesenchymal cells
c. create matrix of connective tissue - 1. fibroblasts
d. secrete pigment melanin - 5. melanocytes
e. cause inflammation - 7. mast cells
f. second most abundant cell type and maintain matrix - 2. fibrocytes
g. specialized cell of the immune system - 8. lymphocytes
h. large phagocytic cells of the immune system - 6. macrophages
i. fat cells - 3. adipocytes
Explanation:
Almost all of these cells have one thing in common: they are part of the connective tissues in our body. Connective tissue can be divided into two: proper connective tissue (that can be loose or dense) and specialized connective tissue (in this category, for example, we can find blood tissue, adipose tissue, bone tissue, and cartilage tissue).
Cells in our bodies have very different but important functions and they partake in their tasks because of the specific tissue or organ where they are at. While blood tissue has cells that specialize in gas transport and immune response, the connective tissue has cells that synthesize and maintain the matrix and also specialized immune cells as well. Microphages, macrophages and lymphocytes can be found both in the blood tissue and the connective tissue as well, as they migrate from the bloodstream to the tissue where they are needed to perform immunity tasks. Also in the connective tissue, we can find other cells that participate in the immune response, like the mast cells that release histamine to produce inflammation.
What colors of light are most useful to plants during photosynthesis
Answers
While most plants reflect more green than any other in the visible spectrum, a relatively small percentage of green light is transmitted through or reflected by the leaves.The majority of green light is useful in photosynthesis.
Although green is the visible spectrum color that most plants reflect the most light from, only a small portion of green light.
It actually passes through or is reflected by the leaves. Most green light is beneficial for photosynthesis.
Thus, Plants, algae, and some microorganisms use the process of photosynthesis to convert sunlight into energy. Water and carbon dioxide (CO2) are chemically changed into food (sugars) and oxygen during the process.
The pigment chlorophyll, which gives plants their green colour, is frequently used in the chemical reaction. Our planet's atmosphere is abundant in oxygen because of photosynthesis.
Thus, Although green is the visible spectrum color that most plants reflect the most light from, only a small portion of green light.
Learn more about Photosynthesis, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/29775046
#SPJ2
In a food web, the arrows point from one organism to the organism it eats. True or false
Answers
Answer:
In food webs, arrows point from an organism that is eaten to the organism that eats it. As the food web above shows, some species can eat organisms from more than one trophic level.
Explanation:
Please someone help I'm in a test I only have 20 minutes left...
If the Greenland ice sheet melted completely due to warmer temperatures, which of the following describes the effect?
A. carbon dioxide concentrations over opal increase.
B. average global temperatures will continue to decrease rapidly.
C. the city of Miami, Florida, would be underwater.
D. the water surrounding Greenland will become more salty.
Answers
Answer:
Ice sheets contain enormous quantities of frozen water. If the Greenland Ice Sheet melted, scientists estimate that the sea level would rise about 6 meters (20 feet). If the Antarctic Ice Sheet melted, the sea level would rise by about 60 meters (200 feet).
So, most likely, C. the city of Miami, Florida, would be underwater.
Question 2 of 10
How many hydrogen atoms are present in each water molecule?
A. 2.
B. 4
C. 3
D. 1
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A water molecule consists of three atoms; an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms
Answer:
there is two hydrogen atoms
why is staghorn coral so vulnerable
Answers
Answer:
This loss can lead to coral death through starvation or increased vulnerability to diseases
Explanation:
Which of the following membrane components described in the fluid mosaic model most likely play a crucial role in cell-to-cell recognition?
Answers
Answer:
the cell membrane
Explanation:
It is the big role in the mosaic model.
Natural selection is referred to as "Survival of the Fittest". What does being the most "fit" mean
Answers
Answer:
The best to adapt.
or the one with the set of skills vital to the situtation.
If were in the mountains, the one most "fit" will live. That will mean haveing a specfic body type.
If we could only eat nuts, i would die off. I have an allergy. My body is not "fit", so the "stronger" ones will prevail
Explanation:
A researcher is attempting to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic human infection with West Nile virus in New York. Which of the following would be most useful?
Answers
Answer:
West Nile virus (WNV) causes epidemics of febrile illness, meningitis, encephalitis, and flaccid paralysis. Since it was first detected in New York City in 1999, and through 2004, 16,000 WNV disease cases have been reported in the United States. Over the past 5 years, research on WNV disease has expanded rapidly. This review highlights new information regarding the virology, clinical manifestations, and pathology of WNV disease, which will provide a new platform for further research into diagnosis, treatment, and possible prevention of WNV through vaccination.
Explanation:
Answer:
West Nile virus (WNV) causes epidemics of febrile illness, meningitis, encephalitis, and flaccid paralysis. Since it was first detected in New York City in 1999, and through 2004, 16,000 WNV disease cases have been reported in the United States. Over the past 5 years, research on WNV disease has expanded rapidly. This review highlights new information regarding the virology, clinical manifestations, and pathology of WNV disease, which will provide a new platform for further research into diagnosis, treatment, and possible prevention of WNV through vaccination.
Explanation:
Thanks, kosar81! :)
Nhich type of molecule that can be found in living things lacks carbon atoms?
O protein
O carbohydrate
O fat
water
Answers
i think protein is the answer of this question.
The type of molecule which can be found in living things that lacks carbon atoms are water molecules. Thus, the correct option is D.
What are Water molecules?Water has the simple molecule which has mainly composed of two small, positively charged hydrogen atoms and one large negatively charged oxygen atom. When the hydrogen atoms bind to the oxygen atom, it creates an asymmetrical molecule with a positive charge on one side and a negative charge on the other side of the compound.
The biomolecules are the substances which are found inside the body of a living organism. Water molecules are the type of molecules which can be found in the living things which lacks carbon atoms.
Therefore, The type of molecule which can be found in living things that lacks carbon atoms are water molecules. Thus, the correct option is D.
Learn more about Biomolecules here:
brainly.com/question/28644695
#SPJ7
Please help me?????!!!
Answers
Answer:
W
Explanation:
Since the roller coaster is at a higher point on W than Y, the PE is also higher.
Which condition is required for viruses to reproduce?
what condition is required for viruses to reduce
Answers
Answer:
They also do not grow or reproduce on their own. A virus needs a living cell in order to reproduce.
Explanation:
Like rabies its carried on.
The absorption of fluids by various cells of the human body is part of which life function?
Answers
Answer: Transport
Explanation:
⦁ Do you have quantitative data (numerical results or calculations)? Do you have qualitative data (written observations and descriptions)? How can you organize this date for your report?
Answers
Answer:
I organized the data collected from the lab by using a table for each test. Table A contains the data collected from the table tennis ball and the golf ball, Table B contains the data collected from the inflated football and the deflated football, and Table C contains data collected from the question baseball and the data from Table C helps to find out whether or not the baseball is legitimate or altered.
Answer:
I organized the data collected from the lab by using a table for each test. Table A contains the data collected from the table tennis ball and the golf ball, Table B contains the data collected from the inflated football and the deflated football, and Table C contains data collected from the question baseball and the data from Table C helps to find out whether or not the baseball is legitimate or altered.
Explanation:
ribosomes are the most
essential organelle in the cell. Include Evidence of at least 3 organetles that support the ribosome in accomplishing its fonction for at the cell.
Answers
Answer: Ribosomes work along with most of the organelles because they make the proteins that they need to perform. Mitochondria, which generate energy by breaking down carbohydrates, and chloroplasts, which store energy as sugar for plants, algae and some fungi, have their own DNA along with ribosomes to read its instructions. Messages from the nucleus are sent into the endoplasmic reticulum where the ribosomes are located.
Explanation:
The ribosome primarily functions as an organelle for the synthesis of proteins. The 3 organelles that help ribosomes in accomplishing their functions include the nucleus, the Golgi apparatus, and the endoplasmic reticulum.
In order to successfully synthesize proteins, hereditary information on DNA must first be transcribed into genetic codes as messenger RNA in the nucleus. Thereafter, the mRNA undergoes some processing before being transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it binds with the ribosome and gets translated to amino acids.
The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form the primary structures of proteins. The proteins are then folded in a specific manner by the Golgi apparatus depending on the functions they are to perform.
After folding, the synthesized proteins are then transported to their target sites by the same Golgi apparatus via the channels created by another organelle known as the endoplasmic reticulum.
More on protein synthesis can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/1815819
Why are macro invertebrates used to analyze water quality?
Answers
Answer: Benthic macroinvertebrates are useful indicators of water quality because they can be found in all but the most severely polluted or disturbed habitats and because they have a wide range of pollution tolerances amongst various species.
Explanation:
PLS HELP NOOWWW
[OU.03]The pictures below show the wavelengths and intensities of electromagnetic radiations emitted by three stars, Star 1, Star 2, and Star 3.
The image shows 3 blackbody curve graphs. Star 1 peaks at a wavelength of 8500A, Star 2 peaks at 6000A, and Star 3 peaks near 3500A.
Which of these statements is correct about the temperature of the three stars?
Star 2 is hotter than Star 1.
Star 2 is hotter than Star 3.
Star 1 and Star 2 have the same temperature.
Star 1 and Star 3 have the same temperature.
Answers
Answer:
Star 1 and Star 3 have the same temperature.
Answer:
I think A.
Explanation:
B and D were both wrong on the test
What is the complementary DNA of CAGCCATC?
A. GUCGGUAG
B. CTACCGAC
C. GTCGGAAG
Answers
Answer:
C. GTCGGAAG
Explanation:
A binds to T
G binds to C
please i need someone to answer this for me. its urgent!!!!
A scientist is trying to determine the age of a rock layer in O points a canyon using Uranium-234, an isotope of Uranium. It has a half-life of about 2,000 years. There originally was 400 radioactive atoms of Uranium-234. If the rock layer tested has 100 radioactive atoms of U-234 left, how many half lives have passed AND how old is the rock layer?
Answers
I also need help on it