You have recently identified a new toxin. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. It is composed mostly of protein, has high toxicity, and is not heat stable. You also discover that it targets liver cells. Based on these characteristics, how would you classify this toxin
Based on the characteristics above, this toxin can be categorized as EXOTOXIN. These toxins (exotoxins) are produced by different types of bacteria.
Exotoxins are a broad category of proteins produced by bacteria that enter host cells in order to alter their physiological properties.
These toxins (exotoxins) can be secreted by Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria.
Examples of exotoxins include botulinum toxin secreted by Clostridium botulinum bacteria, tetanospasmin toxin secreted by Clostridium tetani bacteria, etc.
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cells that can differentiate into any cell type in an organism are referred to as ______ cells.
Cells that can differentiate into any cell type in an organism are referred to as pluripotent cells.
What is Pluripotent stem cells?
Pluripotent stem cells are cells that have the ability to self-renew by splitting and growing into the three immediate germ cell layers of the earlier embryo.
Hence into all cells of the grown-up body, but not extra-embryonic tissues such as the placenta.
Thus, pluripotent cells are Cells that can differentiate into any cell type in an organism.
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list the function done by living organisms
Answer:
Respiration,Growth,Nutrition ,Reproduction and Excretion
Explanation:
what is the main function of the reticular activating system?
The reticular activating system's main function is regulating transition between arousal and sleep−wakeness.
what is reticular activating system?The reticular activating system (RAS) is a bundle of nerves located in the brain and it is responsible for regulating wakefulness and sleep-wake transitions.
It is also involve in filtration of noise with processing of messages or make it slower during sleep, it alters the brain's electrical activity, electrical voltage of brain waves and the speed.
The primary function of RAS is higher at brain centres when important messages are received and filter the important messages, for example The eye sends messages to the brain through the optic nerve.
If the RAS system is damaged, it can cause sleep problems, lethargy, or coma, also play a role in narcolepsy and degenerative brain disorders like Parkinson's disease and supranuclear palsy
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which type of fossils are used to identify specific time periods?
Answer:
Index fossils help to identify specific time periods. They are made from organisms that were distinctive, widespread, and lived briefly. Index fossils help to identify specific time periods. They are made from organisms that were distinctive, widespread, and lived briefly.
Explanation: hope this helps :)
Answer:
index file
hope this helps
:)
Explanation:
NO G00GLE PLEASE <3
How can you explain the relationship of the following components within the cell: nucleus DNA, chromosomes, and genes?
Answer: DNA is found in every cell of our body– except red blood cells (no nucleus). Genes are a segment of DNA. Our genes are the blueprint for our biology.
Explanation:
Define the term peristalsis and explain why is it so important
Answer:
Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. ... There, the food is churned into a liquid mixture called chyme that moves into the small intestine where peristalsis continues. Stretching out a piece of intestine will make it easier to see the wave-like motion
need help on #3: number the following structures in the oder in which blood passes through them - start with the valve through which blood exits from the right atrium.
The order is tricuspid valve, right ventricle, p. valve, p. artery, lungs, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, tissues and vena cava.
What is blood passage?The blood passage refers to the passage of blood cells in the bloodstream of the circulatory system.
The tricuspid valve acts to avoid the regurgitation of the blood cells in the circulatory system.The pulmonary valve is a channel located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.In conclusion, the order is tricuspid valve, right ventricle, p. valve, p. artery, lungs, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, tissues and vena cava.
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4 difference between Filametous and colonial
The Differences are:
1. Colonial organisms appear as a sphere while Filametous organisms appear as a thread.
2. Colonial organisms is a group of individual organism with a close dependent relationship with other organisms while Filametous organisms form a filametous growth.
3. Colonial organisms form a spherical mass of cells while Filametous organisms form an array of cells with an end to end arrangement
4. Filametous organisms are either sessile or floating while Colonial organisms are generally sessile.
A team of deep-sea divers and biologists is exploring the open ocean. As team members dive downward from the surface, they observe significant changes to the ocean community at a depth of about 200 meters. What is the main cause of the changes at this depth?
A. loss of brightness of the water
B. increasing salinity of the water
C. increasing temperature of the water
D. decreased oxygen concentration of water
Answer:
A
Explanation:
sunlight is the main change. sun light cannot penetrate into the deep layers of the ocean and availability of oxygen is also low there. this causes the considerable amount of organisms to live in the upper layers of the ocean and we can only observe decomposing organisms in the deeper layers!
using the chart at the beginning of the animation and your knowledge of cells, what stage of the cell cycle do most cells spend the majority of their lives?
Which of the following steps is required before biological processes can break down organic material in wastewater?
Aeration basins
Primary clarifiers
Filtration
Disinfection
The following steps required before biological processes can break down organic material in wastewater is Aeration basins and Primary clarifiers.
Water treatment refers to any technique that enhances the quality of water in order to make it suitable for usage by humans in homes and offices.
There are certain processes involved in the treatment of water. These includes:
screening and pumpinggrit removalprimary clarifiersaerationsecondary clarifiersFiltrationDisinfectionoxygen uptakeIn the screening and pumping process, materials and objects are removed from the entering wastewater using screening machinery. The extracted material is cleaned, crushed, and disposed of in a landfill.
In the grit removal, fine particle materials are eliminated from the wastewater.
Enormous circular tanks are known as clarifiers that receive the materials. Settled material acknowledge as primary sludge, is pushed to the tank's bottom, while the wastewater leaves from the top.
At the aeration stage, the wastewater receives the majority of its treatment. Pollutants are absorbed by microorganisms and turned into cell tissue, H2O, and nitrogen through biological breakdown processes.
The water treatment process was ended with filtration and disinfection to enable the water to be free from bacteria.
Therefore, we can conclude that the steps required before biological processes can break down organic material in wastewater is Aeration basins and Primary clarifiers.
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How is a cruise ship like a cell? Name the organelles that have a similar function to the parts of a cruise ship.
I’ll give brainliest, thanks and 5 stars to the answer that stated all the organelles that are similar in function to the parts of a cruise ship.
Answer:
Nucleus - Controlls like the Captin or the control center of the ship
Ribosome - People that make the ship run
Vacuole - Rooms for guests to stay in.
Cytoplasm - Floor for people to walk on
Cytoskeleton - Walls of the ship (this could also be Cell wall)
Mitochondria - The fuel source
Endoplasmic Reticulum - It's a highway so maybe the halls or any main point on the ship where alot of people are.
Why are non-native, invasive species sometimes problematic for ecosystem stability?
Answer:
The bring problems with them.
Explanation:
For example if you bring a insect from over seas and it gets releast into a farm land it could kill off all the crops.
Will mark brainliest for the answer
The iron nail produces electric current that attracts the pieces of iron is the right one.
The world's human growth rate is dependent on
a the birth rate
b the death rate
C A and B
What type of diffusion is aided with a transport protein?
a. Osmosis
b. Permeated diffusion
c. Facilitated diffusion
d. Osmotic diffusion
Which of the following is NOT a type of transport protein?
Answer:
b permeated diffusion ...........
What is the difference in the structure of the cell walls of gram-positive and grarn-negative
bacteria?
Answer:
The major difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative peptidoglycan involves the thickness of the layers surrounding the plasma membrane. Whereas Gram-negative peptidoglycan is only a few nanometers thick, representing one to a few layers, Gram-positive peptidoglycan is 30–100 nm thick and contains many layers.
Explanation:
An example of a communicable disease is
A - cancer.
B - chronic respiratory disease.
C- diabetes.
D -giardiasis.
Answer:
D giardiasis is the correct answer :)
An example of a communicable disease is giardiasis, which is in option D. Giardiasis is an example of a communicable disease. It is caused by a microscopic parasite called Giardia lamblia.
This disease affects the digestive system, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, and nausea. It is typically transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water that has been contaminated with the parasite. Chronic respiratory disease includes conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchitis, which are usually caused by long-term exposure to irritants or genetics and are not directly communicable.
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PLZ HELP, WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
Which scenario best describes natural selection?
a species of flower develops a gene that results in a more attractive nectar causing more pollinators to be attracted
wheat plants are selected for their ability to produce the most wheat germ
a bacteria exposed to radiation acquires a mutation
a hurricane occurs and kills 70% of the members of a rodent species
Answer: A species of flower develops a gene that results in a more attractive nectar causing more pollinators to be attracted
Explanation: I think it’s that one and sorry if I’m wrong but to me the other choices don’t seem to fit as a hurricane kills 70% isn’t helping any organisms adapted and the other two choices no organisms is adapted but the first, the flowers have to adapt as they develop a new gene and it also affects pollinators
Question 2 of 25
Which best describes the scientists who contributed to our current body of
knowledge?
A. Scientists from all areas of the world
B. Scientists from the United States
C. Scientists from the Middle East
D. Scientists from Europe
Answer:
(a) because everyone is dmsrtll
which skin cancer arises from the youngest epidermal cells
Answer:
Basal cell carcinoma develops from the youngest epidermal cells.
in the article, which technologies have been developed to enhance space exploration? choose all that apply
Answer:
Hahahah
Explanation:
Please help serious answers only
Answer:
venus
Explanation:
Anthocyanin are an alternative type of chlorophyll that some plants will produce depending on season or their general location. Based on the graph below, if I were to see a plant making strictly anthocyanin what color would it be?
Blue
Yellow
Purple
Red
Green
9. What keeps the tendons around the wrist from popping out?
Answer:
Soft tissue or subsheath keeps the tendon in place at the wrist. A sudden forced rotation or hyperextension can cause this subsheath to tear and allow the ecu to move out of its natural groove.
Explanation:
What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
Answer: What Paragraph?
Explanation:
There is no paragraph, this could mean that the main idea is anything
Explain why roots are not needed in marine algae?
Because they lack vascular system !
Where does the energy come from to power passive and active transport?
Answer:
To move substances against a concentration or an electrochemical gradient, the cell must use energy. This energy is harvested from ATP that is generated through cellular metabolism. Active transport mechanisms, collectively called pumps or carrier proteins, work against electrochemical gradients.
Explanation:
Hope it helps
what physical feature of dna is affected by the pairing of purines with pyrimidines?
Answer:
Its width.
Explanation:
The size of pyrimidines and purine is different because each group has a different structure (1 or two rings). Therefore, the width of DNA is "constant".
If we would pair two pyrimidines or two purines, the width of DNA would be different in both cases.
Hope this will help :)