The type of succession that would occur after a glacier moved and uncovered new land is called primary succession. Primary succession is the process of plant and animal colonization of an area that has never before supported life.
In the case of a glacier retreat, the exposed land is typically barren and devoid of life, with no pre-existing soil. In the early stages of primary succession, lichens and mosses are typically the first organisms to colonize the area.
These pioneer species help to break down rock and other materials, creating soil over time. As the soil deepens, larger and more complex plants can establish themselves. Eventually, a diverse community of plants and animals will develop, forming a stable ecosystem.
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9. Explain how the mobile and stationary phases influence how far the dna fragments travel.
The mobile and stationary phases in gel electrophoresis influence how far DNA fragments travel by creating an electrical field and acting as a molecular sieve, respectively. The composition and pH of the buffer solution, as well as the concentration of the gel matrix, can affect the rate and distance of DNA migration.
The separation of DNA fragments in gel electrophoresis is dependent on the interaction of the DNA molecules with the mobile and stationary phases. The mobile phase is the buffer solution in which the gel is immersed and through which an electric current is applied. The stationary phase is the gel matrix that provides the medium for the DNA to move through.
The mobile phase, which usually contains a buffer solution, ions, and detergents, influences the movement of DNA fragments by creating an electrical field that causes them to migrate towards the opposite electrode. The strength of the electrical field, as well as the composition and pH of the buffer solution, can affect the rate and distance of DNA migration. The buffer solution also helps to maintain a stable pH, which is critical for DNA stability and migration.
The stationary phase, which is usually made up of agarose or polyacrylamide gel, controls the mobility of the DNA fragments by acting as a molecular sieve. The gel matrix has small pores that vary in size, depending on the concentration of the gel, which can affect the migration rate of the DNA fragments. Smaller DNA fragments move more quickly through the gel, whereas larger fragments move more slowly, often resulting in a visible banding pattern.
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A. What fossil fuel usage will result in no
change in atmospheric CO, each year?
The only way to completely halt the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year is to completely stop using all fossil fuels.
This means no more burning of coal, oil, and natural gas for energy, transportation, or any other purpose. This would require a complete shift in the way we generate electricity, power transportation systems, heat our homes, and power industry.
Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and geothermal would need to be developed, installed, and maintained to replace the fossil fuels currently in use.
Governments would also need to introduce incentives and regulations to encourage the development and use of renewable energy sources. This would be a massive undertaking and require a huge investment, but it is the only way to ensure no more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere each year.
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a. recombination of genes to produce functional b-cell receptors occurs immediately after exposure to antigen. b. helper t-cells bind to antigens presented by most cells in the body. c. the major histocompatibility complex codes for a large group of cell surface glycolipids. d. plasma cells secrete igm molecules early, and then igd molecules later. e. eosinophils specifically protect body cells against attack by parasites.
The correct statement about the immune system is "Eosinophils specifically protect body cells against attack by parasites." The correct answer is option e.
Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that plays an important role in the immune system's response to parasitic infections. They are attracted to sites of infection by chemicals released by other cells in response to parasites.
Once they reach the infected site, eosinophils release toxic substances that damage the parasite and help to protect the host cell from further damage.
Recombination of genes to produce functional B-cell receptors occurs during the development of B-cells in the bone marrow, not immediately after exposure to antigen. Helper T-cells bind to antigens presented by specialized cells called antigen-presenting cells, not most cells in the body.
The major histocompatibility complex codes for proteins, not glycolipids. Plasma cells secrete IgM molecules early in the immune response, followed by IgG, IgA, or IgE, not IgD.
Therefore, option e is correct.
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The probable question may be:
Which one of the following statements about the immune system is correct? a. recombination of genes to produce functional b-cell receptors occurs immediately after exposure to antigen. b. helper t-cells bind to antigens presented by most cells in the body. c. the major histocompatibility complex codes for a large group of cell surface glycolipids. d. plasma cells secrete igm molecules early, and then igd molecules later. e. eosinophils specifically protect body cells against attack by parasites.
B. What has happened to the deer population since the wolves have returned? (1 pt)
Answer:
there is no graph but it probably decreased. Since wolves prey on deer, once they return they will start eating deer and deer population will decrease
What determines which traits will be passed on to the next generation in the greatest frequency?.
The passing on of traits to the next generation is determined by genetics, specifically the inheritance of genes from parents to their offspring.
Genes are segments of DNA that encode for specific traits, such as eye color or height. The frequency of inheritance for a particular trait depends on whether it is dominant or recessive, as well as the specific alleles (variants of a gene) inherited from each parent.
Dominant alleles will express their corresponding trait in individuals who inherit even one copy, while recessive alleles require two copies to express the trait. Additionally, the likelihood of inheriting a particular allele depends on the frequency of that allele in the population.
In summary, the frequency of inheritance for a particular trait is determined by the inheritance of specific alleles from parents, as well as the dominance or recessiveness of those alleles and their frequency in the population.
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You will need to research and present how the immune, endocrine and nervous systems interact with each other and with at least three other organ systems in order to maintain homeostasis. give at least 10 total examples of interactions.
The immune, endocrine, and nervous systems all work together to maintain homeostasis, or a balanced state, in the body.
The immune system helps to protect the body from pathogens, while the endocrine system releases hormones to regulate bodily functions, and the nervous system sends signals throughout the body. All three systems interact with other organ systems in order to maintain homeostasis.
For example, the immune system interacts with the circulatory system in order to transport white blood cells to sites of infection and inflammation. The endocrine system interacts with the digestive system in order to stimulate the release of digestive enzymes. The nervous system interacts with the respiratory system in order to regulate breathing.
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No-till farming is an alternative farming practice. In this practice, farmers do not till the soil between growing seasons. What is a benefit of no-till farming?
A. It increases the amount of water released as surface runoff by farms. B. It allows more soil to be transported from farms to surrounding environments. C. It can help conserve Earth's soil and water while increasing soil fertility. D. It can make farms more productive by decreasing the growth of microbes
Answer:
C. It can help conserve Earth's soil and water while increasing soil fertility.
Explanation:
"Tilling increases soil erosion and reduces the amount of water that can be absorbed by the soil. This means tilling causes soil and water to be lost to the environment. As a result, farmers have to use more of these resources. No-till farming prevents these losses, so no-till farming can help conserve Earth's soil and water.
Tilling can also make the soil less fertile by removing some microbes and earthworms. No-till farming helps the soil keep the microbes and animals it needs to be productive. So, no-till farming also increases soil fertility."
-Study Island
P LZ help me due tonight
Dichotomous keys are classification and identification tools. Option B. Bobcat.
What is a dichotomous key?
A dichotomous key is a classification tool. The key provides an easy and fast way for identification by describing different morphological traits, leading you to the correct taxonomic classification.
The key provides morphological descriptions about different taxonomic groups in an easy way to identify these traits in your individual.
Dichotomous refers to how information is provided. There are always two options (a and b, or 1 and 2), and one of them must be chosen according to the characteristics of the organism.
When choosing the correct option, the key leads to the following description, and so on until the taxonomic name is provided.
In the e xposed example,
Character 1:
This animal's tail is not equal or longer than the legs. The tail is half the leg length or shorter, so we must choose option A.
Option A tells us to move to character 2
Character 2:
The tail tip is not solid black.
The tail has stripes.
The length of the hair tufts on the ear tips is much shorter than the ear length.
The key suggests this is a bobcat.
Option B. Bobcat
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I need help with alleles
Allelic and genotypic frequencies remain the same through generations in a population that is in H-W equilibrium. Frequency of dominant allele: 0.99. Frequency of recessive allele: 0.01. % homozygous dominant: 98%. % heterozygous: 2%. % homozygous recessive: 0.01%.
What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a theory that states that the allelic and genotypic frequencies in a population in equilibrium remain the same generation after generation.
Populations in H-W equilibrium are not evolving.
Assuming a diallelic gene,
The frequency of the dominant allele p(X) is pThe frequency of the recessive allele p(x) is qThe addition of the allelic frequencies equals 1
p + q = 1.
The genotypic frequencies after one generation are
p² (Homozygous dominant genotypic frequency), 2pq (Heterozygous genotypic frequency), q² (Homozygous recessive genotypic frequency).The sum of genotypic frequencies equals 1
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
In the exposed example, the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype is given.
frequency of the homozygous recessive genotypeq² = 1/10000 = 0.0001
From this information, we can get the frequency of the recessive allele by taking the root square of the value.
recessive allele frequencyp² = 0.0001
p = √0.0001
p = 0.01
Now, we can clear the equation p + q = 1 and the get recessive allele frequency.
dominant allele frequencyp + q = 1
p + 0.01 = 1
p = 1 - 0.01
p = 0.99
Now, we can get the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype and the heterozygous one.
frequency of the homozygous dominant genotypep = 0.99
p² = 0.99²
p² = 0.98
frequency of the heterozygous genotype2pq = 2 x 0.99 x 0.01
2pq = 0.019
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
0.98 + 0.02 + 0.0001 = 1
Frequency of dominant allele: 0.99Frequency of recessive allele: 0.01% homozygous dominant: 98%% heterozygous: 2%% homozygous recessive: 0.01%You can learn more about the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at
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a small amount of vasodilation in an arteriole prompts a . question 15 options: large increase in resistance slight increase in resistance large decrease in resistance slight decrease in resistance
A small amount of vasodilation in an arteriole prompts Slight decrease in resistance therefore the correct option is D.
Vasodilation refers to the enlargement of a blood vessel, due to relaxation of its smooth muscle cells. This can be caused by several factors, such as hormones like adrenaline, chemical mediators like nitric oxide, and even stretching of the vessel itself.
When an arteriole undergoes vasodilation, it results in a decrease in resistance across the arteriole wall. As a result, blood flow through the artery is increased. However, this increase in flow is typically accompanied by a slight increase in resistance due to decreased vascular tone and less efficient flow through the artery.
Hence the correct option is D.
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Yosef is so intrigued by what he sees in his microscope that he walks to a nearby pond and collects a sample of pond water to learn more about paramecium. he uses a single drop of the pond water to create a wet mount slide, which allows him to see living paramecia moving around in the water, unlike the processed and dyed paramecia in the prepared slide (part a). how do the structures observed under magnification help the organism carry out basic functions of life? write your findings in the space provided.
Under the microscope, Yosef can see that the paramecia have distinct structures that help them carry out basic functions of life.
Their bodies are covered in a thin, flexible membrane that helps regulate the exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes between the paramecium and its environment. Inside the body, the paramecium has a complex network of organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and vacuoles.
The nucleus is the control center of the paramecium, directing all its activities. The mitochondria produce energy and the vacuoles store food and water. The paramecium also has tiny hair-like cilia that line its body and help it move through the water.
These cilia also allow it to sense changes in its environment and to defend itself against predators. The paramecium also has a contractile vacuole, which helps it to get rid of excess water and maintain its internal balance. All of these structures work together to help the paramecium carry out basic functions of life such as feeding, moving, and reproducing.
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A) assume that you are going to a galapagos island to measure natural selection on morphology in a ground finch (geospiza fortis). you suspect that some morphological traits will determine whether the individual bird survives or dies in the upcoming dry spell (drought). is it a good research strategy to measure as many body traits as possible (wing length, leg length, body weight, tail length, etc.) or should a wise researcher just "bet" on a certain trait (for example, wing length) to be the key trait for surviving the drought? why or why not?
While measuring as many body traits as possible to determine the key trait for surviving a drought in ground finches may appear to be a good idea, it is better to focus on specific traits that are known to be important for survival in dry conditions.
When going to measure natural selection on morphology in a ground finch (geospiza fortis), it may seem like a good research strategy to measure as many body traits as possible to determine which trait is most important for survival during a drought. However, this approach could be time-consuming, costly, and may not provide the best results. Instead, a wise researcher should focus on specific traits that are known to be important for survival in dry conditions, such as beak size and shape, which can affect a bird's ability to feed on specific types of seeds.
By focusing on a specific trait, a researcher can also gain a better understanding of the ecological factors that drive selection in the population. This approach would allow for more precise predictions and could lead to a better understanding of how natural selection operates in this species. Furthermore, this approach could reduce the number of individuals required for the study, which would be important for conserving endangered populations.
In conclusion, while it may seem like a good idea to measure as many body traits as possible to determine the key trait for surviving a drought in ground finches, it is better to focus on specific traits that are known to be important for survival in dry conditions. This approach will provide a more focused and precise understanding of the ecological factors that drive selection in this population.
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I NEED HELP ASAP
Prior knowledge... Which is a list of
abiotic factors that will limit the
carrying capacity of a species?
water availability and habitat space
O number of mates and predators
O food supply and competition
*
1 point
Answer:
Its b because of competition
How does specific and latent heat of water affect land-sea breeze systems?
Specific and latent heat of water influence land-sea breeze systems by causing temperature differences, leading to air pressure changes and wind circulation.
The specific and latent heat of water play a vital role in the formation of land-sea breeze systems. During the day, land heats up faster than water due to its lower specific heat capacity, creating a temperature difference.
This results in a pressure gradient, causing air to flow from the sea to the land as a sea breeze.
At night, the land cools down faster, reversing the pressure gradient and creating a land breeze.
Latent heat released during condensation further contributes to temperature differences, affecting the strength and development of land-sea breezes.
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Which solution does not represent a long term goal and cost consideration
When it comes to achieving long-term goals and cost considerations, it's important for organizations to make strategic decisions that will have a positive impact on both their financial bottom line and their overall sustainability. Here option C is the correct answer.
Cutting employee benefits and salaries does not align with these goals. While it may result in short-term cost savings, it can have negative long-term consequences such as decreased employee morale and productivity, and increased employee turnover. Additionally, it may harm the company's reputation and ability to attract and retain top talent.
On the other hand, options A, B, and D are all strategic decisions that align with long-term goals and cost considerations. Implementing sustainable practices can help reduce operational costs over time and improve the company's environmental impact.
Investing in energy-efficient technology can result in significant long-term cost savings and demonstrate a commitment to sustainability. Developing a long-term financial plan can help ensure the organization is financially stable and sustainable over time.
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Complete question:
Which of the following options does not align with long-term goals and cost considerations?
A) Implementing sustainable practices in business operations
B) Investing in energy-efficient technology
C) Cutting employee benefits and salaries
D) Developing a long-term financial plan
ASAPPPP PLEASE
although movies like the blob can be entertaining they rarely portray cell biology accurately. explain why a giant human eating ameba is not biologically possible.
Answer:
ameobas are small single celled microbes and can only get up to 20 cm in size. its simply not possible because they dont have enough cells and dont have the means to become bigger. evolution has led them to stay small
Explanation:
Which part of your model represented Earth’s tectonic plates? Which part represented the asthenosphere in the mantle?
The part representing Earth's tectonic plates would likely be the solid outer layer that simulates the Earth's lithosphere.
The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle, and it is divided into multiple tectonic plates that move around on the Earth's surface. The part representing the asthenosphere in the mantle would be the layer beneath the tectonic plates in your model. The asthenosphere is a semi-solid, partially molten layer within the upper mantle that allows the tectonic plates above it to move and interact with each other.
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Which two viral characteristics provide evidence to support the
argument that viruses are more similar to living components than to
nonliving components of an ecosystem?
A. Viruses contain genetic material.
B. Viruses are made of cells.
c. Viruses use and store energy to grow.
D. Viruses reproduce independently.
E. Viruses evolve through mutation and natural selection
Viruses share several characteristics with living organisms, such as containing genetic material, being made of cells, using and storing energy to grow, reproducing independently, and evolving through mutation and natural selection.
Here, all the options are correct.
This evidence reveals that viruses are capable of many of the same functions as living organisms. For example, viruses use and store energy to power their growth and evolution, just like living organisms. They also possess genetic material and can reproduce independently, which is a trait shared by all living organisms.
Additionally, viruses can mutate and evolve, which is a necessary component for the continued survival of any species. These evidence-based characteristics demonstrate that viruses are more similar to living components than to nonliving components of an ecosystem.
Therefore, all the options are correct.
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Can you think of other examples of behaviors that are highly context dependent (i.e., very acceptable in some specific contexts, but unacceptable in other specific contexts)?
When a person loses anything (like their vehicle keys) in an unknown area, it is a particularly frequent instance of context dependence at work. Usually, while trying to find something, individuals "retrace their steps" to find all of the potential locations.
When the context of encoding and retrieval are identical, context-dependent memory refers to increased recall. For instance, contextual information about an event is also retained when that event is recalled.
The phenomena of how much simpler it is to recover some memories when the "context," or conditions around the memory, are the same for both the initial encoding and retrieval is known as context-dependent memory.
Therefore, when contextual signals pertaining to the environment remain the same throughout encoding and retrieval, the memory that is context-dependent refers to the increased recall of certain events or information.
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which of the following best predicts the importance of this process? responses this process is common to all members of eukarya and allows noncoding regions of rna rna to be removed so that proteins with the correct amino acid sequence are produced. this process is common to all members of eukarya and allows noncoding regions of r n a to be removed so that proteins with the correct amino acid sequence are produced. this process is common to all members of archaea and allows these organisms to survive harsh environments. this process is common to all members of archaea and allows these organisms to survive harsh environments. this process is common to all organisms and is a co
The statement "this process is common to all members of eukarya and allows noncoding regions of RNA to be removed so that proteins with the correct amino acid sequence are produced" best predicts the importance of the process being referred to.
This process is called RNA splicing, and it involves the removal of noncoding regions, called introns, from RNA molecules before they can be translated into proteins. This process is essential for the production of functional proteins in eukaryotic organisms, and it is a key step in gene expression. Without RNA splicing, the production of proteins with the correct amino acid sequence would be compromised, which could have severe consequences for cellular function and survival.
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A group of scientists is exploring whether a location is likely to contain oil reserves. What clue could they use to help them determine if oil is present?
Answer:
Explanation:
Some clues are that sound waves are slowly bouncing back up ,displaced underground center of gravity or oil residue in soil.
hope this helps:)
9
A population of deer live in a forest ecosystem. Which of these describes a density-independent factor that could affect this
population?
A forest fire or severe weather event could be a density-independent factor that could affect the population of deer in the forest ecosystem.
These factors are not influenced by the density of the deer population but rather are external factors that can impact the entire ecosystem and all of its inhabitants. Other examples of density-independent factors could include natural disasters, climate change, or human disturbances such as logging or pollution. Examples of density-independent factors include natural disasters (e.g., wildfires or floods), extreme weather conditions (e.g., drought or heavy snowfall), and human-induced habitat changes (e.g., deforestation or pollution). These factors affect the deer population in the forest ecosystem without being influenced by the population density of the deer.
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The diagram below shows the steps of DNA replication.
2
Which of the following is the correct sequence of replication?
2,1,4,3
3, 4, 1, 2
3, 4, 2, 1
3, 1, 4, 2
Answer:
A
Explanation:
a substance produced by stomach cells that is needed for absorption of vitamin b12 is group of answer choices intrinsic factor. r-protein. mfp. transferocobalamin.
A substance produced by stomach cells that is needed for the absorption of vitamin B12 is intrinsic factor.
Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein that is secreted by the parietal cells in the stomach lining. It plays a crucial role in the absorption of vitamin B12, which is necessary for the normal functioning of the nervous system and the production of red blood cells.
Vitamin B12 is found in animal products such as meat, fish, and dairy, and is bound to protein. In order for the body to absorb it, it must first be released from the protein by stomach acid and then bind to intrinsic factor, which is produced by the stomach cells.
The complex of vitamin B12 and intrinsic factor is then transported to the small intestine, where it is absorbed by the body.
Without intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed by the body, leading to a deficiency. This deficiency can result in a variety of symptoms, including anemia, fatigue, weakness, and nerve damage.
Intrinsic factor deficiency is most commonly seen in individuals with pernicious anemia, an autoimmune disease that affects the stomach lining and impairs the production of intrinsic factor.
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You rub a comb on your hair and then the comb can pick up pieces of paper. explain why this happens.
In the early 1700s, a small religious group know as the German Baptist Brethren left Europe to settle in the eastern part of Pennsylvania. The orginal group of 50 families grew to 58,000 people by the late 1800's. In 1882, a part of the group split off as a result of differences in accepting modern machinery and marriage outside of their group. This Old Order isolated themselves from the other group and other people. In the 1950's a study was done to compare the Old Order to the original West German population and the neighboring population. Blood samples were taken from people in all 3 areas and blood typing tests were preformed.
What would be the most likely reason that the scientist did not test the other half of the German Brethren that adopted more modern ways?
A. The groups' allele frequencies would most likely be affected through the marriage of others that were not part of the orginal group.
B. The distance between the Old Order and the group they left was not far enough to cause any changes in allele frequencies.
C. The Old Order did not have any genetic similariteis with the original group, so there was no need to test them.
D. This group had allele frequencies that were not diverse enough for the study.
The most likely reason that scientists did not test other half of German Brethren that adopted more modern ways : A.)The group's allele frequencies would most likely be affected through marriage of others that were not part of original group.
What is reason that scientist did not test other half of the German Brethren that adopted more modern ways?When two populations mate, then resulting offspring carry a mix of the genetic information from both populations, and over time, this can cause changes in allele frequencies of the population.
In the case of the German Baptist Brethren, group that adopted modern ways would have likely intermarried with people outside of their original community, which would have introduced new genetic material and changed allele frequencies of population. This would have made it difficult to compare genetic makeup of modern group to original West German population or to the Old Order group that had remained isolated.
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In the early 1800s, cats that European people had brought to Australia escaped into the wild. Cats have very few natural predators in Australia. Cats
are excellent hunters of small animals and birds, with greater skill in hunting than animals native to Australia
Given this information, how might cats have affected the native species of Australia?
O Cats probably harmed native species, Cats may have hunted some species to extinction.
O Cats probably did not affect native species. The presence of cats forced native animals to adapt and change.
It is not possible to determine how cats affected the native species of Australia.
O Cats probably helped native species. Cats increased biodiversity on the continent, which is important in an ecosystem.
Answer:
Cats probably harmed the species
Explanation:
Invasive species are very detrimental to any environment they are brought into, because many different species do not know how to defend against a good predator like a cat. The cats would definitely not help the native species because even in modern neighborhoods, cats often are a major cause of death to the birds.
Fluorite is a strange mineral. It can glow in the dark! You and your classmates think your mineral sample is fluorite but it is
not dark in the classroom! What other special property can you use to identify your mineral as fluorite?
Answer:
Fluorite is very easy to identify if you consider cleavage, hardness and specific gravity.
Explain how molecular similarities can be used as an evidence of evolution. Provide one example.
Molecular similarities between different species can provide strong evidence for their evolutionary relationships.
DNA, RNA, and proteins are all molecules that are involved in the expression of genetic information, and changes in these molecules can occur over time through genetic mutations. By comparing the molecular sequences of different species, scientists can infer how closely related they are and how recently they shared a common ancestor.
For example, humans and chimpanzees share approximately 99% of their DNA sequence, indicating that they are closely related and likely share a common ancestor. This molecular evidence supports the theory of evolution and demonstrates the relatedness of different species.
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Two amino acids are linked by a peptide bond when
Answer: the carboxyl group (COOH) of one amino acid reacts with the amino group (NH2) of another amino acid.
Explanation:
This reaction results in the formation of a covalent bond between the two amino acids, with the release of a water molecule (H2O) in a process called a condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis. The resulting bond between the amino acids is called a peptide bond, and the resulting molecule is a dipeptide. As more amino acids join through peptide bonds, a polypeptide chain is formed, which can eventually fold and function as a protein.