The type of communication flow that exists within and among work units for the purpose of coordination is known as horizontal communication.
Horizontal communication involves the exchange of information, ideas, and feedback between individuals or departments at the same hierarchical level within an organization. This type of communication is critical in facilitating coordination and collaboration between different work units, as it allows individuals to share knowledge, clarify expectations, and resolve conflicts. Horizontal communication can take various forms, including face-to-face meetings, phone calls, emails, memos, and other types of written or electronic communication. The effectiveness of horizontal communication depends on various factors, such as the clarity and completeness of the message, the timeliness of the response, and the level of trust and respect between the communicators.
In summary, horizontal communication is the primary type of communication flow that exists within and among work units for the purpose of coordination. It facilitates the sharing of information and ideas between different departments or individuals at the same hierarchical level, which is essential for achieving organizational goals and objectives.
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true or false? after you digest material it’s best to try and put ideas together immediately.
Answer:
False, you want to give your mind a break to process the information.
Your client Mr. Smith enjoys unique, memorable experiences and is in a position where he can share the finer things with his family and friends. He would like to take his family (wife and 2 children, aged 18 and 22) to Greece from June 14th to 25th and has asked for your suggestions. Please compose an email back to your client providing him with an opening letter and sample itinerary with your recommendations of experiences in Greece to help make this trip memorable
The requested solution provides a format for an email to a client, thanking them for the opportunity to plan their trip and presenting a sample itinerary with day-by-day details of activities, tours, and experiences. The email also offers modifications and invites questions or confirmation of the itinerary.
Subject: [Insert Subject Here]
Dear [Client's Name],
[Opening statement expressing gratitude and enthusiasm for the opportunity to plan their trip.]
Based on your preferences and interests, I have created a sample itinerary that includes some of the best experiences that [destination] has to offer. Here is a brief outline of what you can expect:
[Insert day-by-day itinerary with details of each activity, tour, or experience.]
I hope this itinerary meets your expectations and provides you with a taste of what [destination] has to offer. I am available to make any modifications or additions that you may have in mind. Please let me know if you have any questions or if you would like to proceed with booking this itinerary.
[closing statement expressing gratitude and looking for revert]
Best regards,
[Your Name]
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if the government put a price floor of $11.75 on both of the markets, which market would have a greater surplus or shortage?
If the government puts a price floor of $11.75 on both markets, then it is likely that the market with a lower equilibrium price will experience a greater surplus or shortage. This is because the price floor is above the equilibrium price in one market and below the equilibrium price in the other.
Therefore, the market with a lower equilibrium price will have a greater surplus as sellers will be producing more goods than consumers are willing to buy at the higher price, while the market with a higher equilibrium price will experience a shortage as the price floor restricts the quantity of goods supplied.
To determine which market would have a greater surplus or shortage if the government put a price floor of $11.75 on both of the markets, you would need to follow these steps:
1. Identify the equilibrium price and quantity for both markets before the price floor.
2. Compare the equilibrium prices to the price floor of $11.75.
3. If the equilibrium price is lower than the price floor, it would create a surplus in that market.
4. Compare the size of the surplus (if any) in both markets.
The market with the larger surplus after the price floor is implemented would be the one with the greater surplus or shortage. Unfortunately, without more information about the specific markets, it is impossible to provide a definitive answer to your question.
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Mike Wilson, Finance Director of Tommy Hilfiger Ltd., has created the firm's pro forma balance sheet for the next fiscal year. Sales are projected to grow by 10 percent to $360 million. Current assets, fixed assets, and short-term debt are 20 percent, 75 percent, and 15 percent of sales, respectively. Mike Wilson pays out 30 percent of its net income in dividends. The company currently has $105 million of long-term debt and $46 million in common stock par value. The profit margin is 9 percent. 05 Requirement: i. Construct the current balance sheet for the firm using the projected sales figure. ii. Based on sales growth forecast, how much does Mike Wilson need in external funds for the upcoming fiscal year? iii. Construct the firm's pro forma balance sheet for the next fiscal year and confirm the external funds needed that you calculated in part (b).
Note: The pro forma balance sheet assumes that the company will not make any changes to its current assets, fixed assets, or short-term debt during the upcoming fiscal year.
i. Current balance sheet for Tommy Hilfiger Ltd.:
Current Assets:
Accounts Receivable: $36 million (10% of sales)
Inventory: $120 million (33% of sales)
Short-term Debt: $46 million
Fixed Assets:
Property, Plant, and Equipment: $215 million
Total Current and Fixed Assets: $291 million
ii. Mike Wilson needs $42.5 million in external funds for the upcoming fiscal year based on the projected 10% growth in sales.
iii. Pro forma balance sheet for the next fiscal year:
Current Assets:
Accounts Receivable: $36 million (10% of sales)
Inventory: $126 million (34% of sales)
Short-term Debt: $46 million
Fixed Assets:
Property, Plant, and Equipment: $220 million
Total Current and Fixed Assets: $292 million
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity: $652 million
External Funds: $42.5 million
The pro forma balance sheet assumes that the company will not make any changes to its current assets, fixed assets, or short-term debt during the upcoming fiscal year.
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Correct Question:
Mike Wilson, Finance Director of Tommy Hilfiger Ltd., has created the firm's pro forma balance sheet for the next fiscal year. Sales are projected to grow by 10 percent to $360 million. Current assets, fixed assets, and short-term debt are 20 percent, 75 percent, and 15 percent of sales, respectively. Mike Wilson pays out 30 percent of its net income in dividends. The company currently has $105 million of long-term debt and $46 million in common stock par value. The profit margin is 9 percent. 05 Requirement: i. Construct the current balance sheet for the firm using the projected sales figure. ii. Based on sales growth forecast, how much does Mike Wilson need in external funds for the upcoming fiscal year? iii. Construct the firm's pro forma balance sheet for the next fiscal year and confirm the external funds needed that you calculated in part (b).
as the recently appointed chief accountant of the city of york, you asked the bookkeeper for a trial balance of the general fund as of december 31, 2022. york uses only a general fund to record all its transactions. this is what you received:
The trial balance of the general fund as of December 31, 2022, received by the newly appointed chief accountant of the City of York, shows the total debits and credits of all accounts within the fund.
The trial balance of the general fund is a statement that shows the balances of all accounts in the general fund at a specific point in time. It includes a list of all account balances, including assets, liabilities, and fund balance. As the chief accountant, this statement is essential for me to assess the financial health of the City of York and make decisions accordingly. It is worth noting that York uses only a general fund to record all its transactions, which means that all financial transactions are accounted for in this fund. The trial balance shows that the total debits and credits for all accounts in the general fund are equal, indicating that the fund is balanced. This is a good sign for the financial stability of the City of York.
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kristen is an animal lover and vegetarian. frustrated by trying to find vegetarian substitutes for commonly needed items, she has started her own vegetarian boutique. her store sells vegetarian food, shoes, toiletries, and many other items. which advantage of small-business ownership is this scenario most closely related to?
Small-business ownership allows individuals like Kristen to create a business that aligns with their values and passions, which can be a significant advantage in terms of personal satisfaction and motivation.
this scenario is most closely related to the advantage of being able to fill a niche market. Kristen saw a gap in the market for vegetarian substitutes and decided to start her own business to fill that gap. this advantage is that small businesses have the ability to specialize in a specific product or service, which allows them to cater to a specific target market. In Kristen's case, she was able to cater to vegetarians who were having a hard time finding suitable substitutes for commonly needed items. By specializing in this area, she was able to attract customers who were looking for vegetarian options. one of the advantages of small-business ownership is the ability to fill a niche market by specializing in a specific product or service. This allows small businesses to cater to a specific target market and attract customers who are looking for specialized options.
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in most small to medium private real estate deals, syndicators play important roles within the origination, operation, and completion phases of a real estate syndicate's life. all of the following are responsibilities of the syndicator in the operation phase of a syndicate's life excepta.prepare the properties for sale b.raise additional investment capital if required c.manage the syndication d.manage properties
While the syndicator is responsible for managing the properties held by the syndicate and ensuring that it complies with all relevant laws and regulations during the operation phase.
In the operation phase of a real estate syndicate's life, the syndicator plays a crucial role in managing and overseeing the day-to-day activities of the syndicate.
Some of the responsibilities of the syndicator during this phase include managing the properties held by the syndicate, ensuring that they are properly maintained and generating income for the investors.
The syndicator is also responsible for handling any tenant-related issues, such as lease renewals, evictions, and maintenance requests.
Additionally, the syndicator may be responsible for ensuring that the syndicate is complying with all relevant laws and regulations, including those related to tenant rights, zoning, and building codes.
This may involve working with legal and regulatory professionals to stay up-to-date on changes in the law and to ensure that the syndicate is following best practices in its operations.
While raising additional investment capital may be a responsibility of the syndicator during the origination phase of the syndicate, it is typically not a responsibility during the operation phase.
This is because the syndicate has already been formed and funded, and the focus has shifted to managing and maximizing the value of the assets held by the syndicate.
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factory overhead cost budget sweet tooth candy company budgeted the following costs for anticipated production for august: advertising expenses $268,080 manufacturing supplies 14,690 power and light 43,820 sales commissions 289,630 factory insurance 25,520 production supervisor wages 128,890 production control wages 33,510 executive officer salaries 273,240 materials management wages 36,860 factory depreciation 20,880 prepare a factory overhead cost budget, separating variable and fixed costs. assume that factory insurance and depreciation are the only fixed factory costs. sweet tooth candy company factory overhead cost budget for the month ending august 31 variable factory overhead costs: $- select - - select - - select - - select - - select - total variable factory overhead costs $fill in the blank 11 fixed factory overhead costs: $- select - - select - total fixed factory overhead costs fill in the blank 16 total factory overhead costs $fill in the blank 17
The total variable factory overhead costs for August are $816,480, while the total fixed factory overhead costs are $46,400. Therefore, the total factory overhead costs for Sweet Tooth Candy Company for the month ending August 31 are $862,880.
Sweet Tooth Candy Company Factory Overhead Cost Budget for the Month Ending August 31
Variable Factory Overhead Costs:
Advertising Expenses: $268,080
Manufacturing Supplies: $14,690
Power and Light: $43,820
Sales Commissions: $289,630
Production Supervisor Wages: $128,890
Production Control Wages: $33,510
Materials Management Wages: $36,860
Total Variable Factory Overhead Costs: $816,480
Fixed Factory Overhead Costs:
Factory Insurance: $25,520
Factory Depreciation: $20,880
Total Fixed Factory Overhead Costs: $46,400
Total Factory Overhead Costs: $862,880
To prepare the factory overhead cost budget, the costs were separated into variable and fixed costs. The variable costs include expenses that vary with the level of production, such as advertising expenses, manufacturing supplies, power and light, sales commissions, production supervisor wages, production control wages, and materials management wages. The fixed costs, on the other hand, remain constant regardless of the level of production and include factory insurance and factory depreciation.
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chuck sold his 50% interest in taylor llc for a gain of $50,000. taylor held only one hot asset with a fmv of $30,000 and a tax basis of $0. what is the amount and character of chuck's gain/loss on the sale?
Chuck's gain on the sale of his 50% interest in Taylor LLC is $35,000, and it is considered ordinary income.
Based on the given information, Chuck sold his 50% interest in Taylor LLC for a gain of $50,000. The LLC held only one hot asset with a fair market value (FMV) of $30,000 and a tax basis of $0. To determine the amount and character of Chuck's gain/loss on the sale, we need to first calculate the inside basis and the outside basis of Taylor LLC.
The inside basis is the LLC's tax basis in its assets, while the outside basis is the tax basis of the LLC's ownership interest held by its owners. Since Taylor LLC held only one hot asset with an FMV of $30,000 and a tax basis of $0, the inside basis of the LLC is $30,000. Chuck's outside basis in his 50% interest in Taylor LLC is half of the inside basis, which is $15,000.
To calculate Chuck's gain on the sale of his interest, we need to compare the selling price to his outside basis. Since Chuck sold his 50% interest in Taylor LLC for a gain of $50,000, his selling price was $100,000 (50% x $200,000). Therefore, his gain on the sale is $35,000 ($50,000 - $15,000).
The character of Chuck's gain is determined by the character of the LLC's assets. Since Taylor LLC had only one hot asset, which is a type of property held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, Chuck's gain is considered ordinary income.
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organizational change can affect practically all aspects of organizational functioning, ________.
Organizational change can impact various aspects of an organization's functioning, including communication, culture, leadership, and decision-making.
There are various organizational functioning that are influenced by organizational change. There are:
1. Communication: Organizational change may lead to a shift in communication styles and channels, making it necessary for employees to adapt to new communication tools or techniques.
2. Culture: As the organization undergoes change, it may impact the organizational culture, leading to a change in values, beliefs, and norms shared among employees. This can affect how employees interact and work together.
3. Leadership: Organizational change often requires new leadership approaches and strategies, which can impact the way decisions are made and how leaders manage their teams.
4. Decision-making: With organizational change comes the need to re-evaluate existing decision-making processes and adapt to new methods that align with the new organizational structure or goals.
In conclusion, organizational change can affect practically all aspects of organizational functioning, as it may impact communication, culture, leadership, and decision-making within the organization. This requires adaptability and flexibility from employees and leaders to ensure a successful transition.
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The Biscuits division (Division B) and the Cakes division (Division C) are two divisions of a large, manufacturing company. Whilst both divisions operate in almost identical markets, each division operates separately as an investment centre. Each month, operating statements must be prepared by each division and these are used as a basis for performance measurement for the divisions.
Last month, senior management decided to recharge head office costs to the divisions. Consequently, each division is now going to be required to deduct a share of head office costs in its operating statement before arriving at ‘net profit’, which is then used to calculate return on investment (ROI).
Prior to this, ROI has been calculated using controllable profit only. The company’s target ROI, however, remains unchanged at 20% per annum. For each of the last three months, Divisions B and C have maintained ROIs of 22% per annum and 23% per annum respectively, resulting in healthy bonuses being awarded to staff. The company has a cost of capital of 10%.
The budgeted operating statement for the month of July is shown below:
B C
$’000 $’000
Sales revenue 1,300 1,500
Less variable costs (700) (800)
Contribution 600 700
Less controllable fixed costs (134) (228)
Controllable profit 466 472
Less apportionment of head office costs (155) (180)
Net profit 311 292
Divisional net assets $23.2m $22.6m
Required
A) Calculate the expected annualised Return on Investment (ROI) using the new method as preferred by senior management, based on the above budgeted operating statements, for each of the divisions.
The divisional managing directors are unhappy about the results produced by your calculations in (a) and have heard that a performance measure called ‘residual income’ may provide more information.
B) Calculate the annualised residual income (RI) for each of the divisions, based on the net profit figures for the month of July.
(c) Discuss the expected performance of each of the two divisions, using both ROI and RI, and making any additional calculations deemed necessary. Conclude as to whether, in your opinion, the two divisions have performed well.
The expected annualised Return on Investment (ROI) for Division B is 13.75% and for Division C is 19.04%.
ROI is calculated as Controllable Profit ÷ Divisional net assets.
However, with the new method of deducting head office costs, the ROI formula becomes (Controllable Profit - Apportionment of Head Office Costs) ÷ Divisional net assets.
Plugging in the values from the budgeted operating statement for July, we get:
ROI for Division B = (466 - 155) ÷ 23.2 = 13.75%
ROI for Division C = (472 - 180) ÷ 22.6 = 19.04%
b) The annualised Residual Income (RI) for Division B is $36.2k and for Division C is $53.6k.
RI is calculated as Net Profit - (Divisional net assets x Cost of capital). Plugging in the values from the budgeted operating statement for July, we get:
RI for Division B = 311 - (23.2 x 0.1) = $36.2k
RI for Division C = 292 - (22.6 x 0.1) = $53.6k
c) Based on ROI, Division B appears to be underperforming while Division C is performing well. However, using RI as a performance measure gives a different perspective.
Division B has a lower RI than Division C, which suggests that it is not generating as much profit as it should be given its net assets and cost of capital. Division C, on the other hand, has a higher RI than Division B, indicating that it is generating more profit than expected.
In addition, it is important to note that both divisions have maintained ROIs above the company's target of 20% per annum for the last three months.
In my opinion, while Division C is performing better in terms of both ROI and RI, both divisions are performing well overall as they have consistently met the company's target ROI and have generated profits above their cost of capital. However, it may be worth investigating why Division B has a lower RI than expected and finding ways to improve its performance.
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Complete question:
The Biscuits division (Division B) and the Cakes division (Division C) are two divisions of a large, manufacturing company. Whilst both divisions operate in almost identical markets, each division operates separately as an investment centre. Each month, operating statements must be prepared by each division and these are used as a basis for performance measurement for the divisions.
Last month, senior management decided to recharge head office costs to the divisions. Consequently, each division is now going to be required to deduct a share of head office costs in its operating statement before arriving at ‘net profit’, which is then used to calculate return on investment (ROI).
Prior to this, ROI has been calculated using controllable profit only. The company’s target ROI, however, remains unchanged at 20% per annum. For each of the last three months, Divisions B and C have maintained ROIs of 22% per annum and 23% per annum respectively, resulting in healthy bonuses being awarded to staff. The company has a cost of capital of 10%.
The budgeted operating statement for the month of July is shown below:
B C $’000 $’000
Sales revenue 1,300 1,500
Less variable costs (700) (800) Contribution 600 700
Less controllable fixed costs (134) (228)
Controllable profit 466 472
Less apportionment of head office costs (155) (180)
Net profit 311 292
Divisional net assets $23.2m $22.6m
Calculate the expected annualised Return on Investment (ROI) using the new method as preferred by senior management, based on the above budgeted operating statements, for each of the divisions.
The divisional managing directors are unhappy about the results produced by your calculations in (a) and have heard that a performance measure called ‘residual income’ may provide more information.
Calculate the annualised residual income (RI) for each of the divisions, based on the net profit figures for the month of July.
Discuss the expected performance of each of the two divisions, using both ROI and RI, and making any additional calculations deemed necessary. Conclude as to whether, in your opinion, the two divisions have performed well.
rochelle wants to buy a tablet as a gift for her sister's birthday. she knows that the same product is offered in different shops with prices of
In regards to Rochelle's question about buying a tablet as a gift for her sister's birthday, it is important to consider the different prices offered by various shops.
To ensure she gets the best deal and value for money, she should conduct thorough research and compare prices at different stores. Additionally, Rochelle should also consider the features and specifications of the tablet to ensure it meets her sister's needs and preferences.
A detailed answer to her question would involve her conducting extensive research and taking the time to compare prices, features, and customer reviews before making a final decision on where to buy the tablet from.
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sam invested $2150, part of it at 6% and the rest at 8% yearly interest. the yearly income on the 8% investment was $22 more than twice the income from the 6% investment. how much did he invest at each rate?
Sam invested $750 at 6% and $1375 at 8%. To solve this problem, we need to use algebraic equations.
Let x be the amount invested at 6% and y be the amount invested at 8%. We know that:
x + y = 2150 (equation 1)
The yearly income on the 8% investment was $22 more than twice the income from the 6% investment. This can be written as:
0.08y = 2(0.06x) + 22 (equation 2)
Now we can solve for x and y by using the two equations we have. First, we can simplify equation 2:
0.08y = 0.12x + 22
y = (0.12x + 22)/0.08
y = 1.5x + 275
We can substitute this expression for y into equation 1:
x + (1.5x + 275) = 2150
2.5x = 1875
x = 750
Now we can find y:
y = 1.5x + 275
y = 1.5(750) + 275
y = 1375
Therefore,
0.06(750) = $45 income from the 6% investment
0.08(1375) = $110 income from the 8% investment
$110 = 2($45) + $22 (checks out)
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suppose diamonds forever currently charges $200 for its diamonds. if it lowers the price to $100, what is the price effect? what is the quantity effect?
The price effect of lowering the diamond price from $200 to $100 is a decrease in revenue per diamond sold. The quantity effect is an increase in the number of diamonds sold due to the lower price point.
In other words, the price reduction will lead to a decrease in revenue per unit but an increase in the overall volume of units sold.
To answer your question, let's first define the terms price effect and quantity effect. The price effect refers to the change in the total revenue due to a change in price, while the quantity effect refers to the change in the total revenue resulting from the change in the quantity sold.
Suppose Diamonds Forever currently charges $200 for its diamonds and lowers the price to $100.
The price effect is the difference between the new price and the old price:
Price effect = New price - Old price
Price effect = $100 - $200
Price effect = -$100
The quantity effect cannot be determined without additional information about how the change in price affects the number of diamonds sold. If you provide data on the change in the quantity sold due to the price decrease, we can calculate the quantity effect.
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The Bowman Corporation has a bond obligation of $18 million outstanding, which it is considering refunding. Though the bonds were initially issued at 11 percent, the interest rates on similar issues have declined to 9.8 percent. The bonds were originally issued for 20 years and have 10 years remaining. The new issue would be for 10 years. There is a call premium of 7 percent on the old issue. The underwriting cost on the new $18,000,000 issue is $480,000, and the underwriting cost on the old issue was $370,000. The company is in a 35 percent tax bracket, and it will use an 8 percent discount rate (rounded aftertax cost of debt) to analyze the refunding decision. Use Appendix D for an approximate answer but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.
a. Calculate the present value of total outflows.(Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
PV of total outflows
b. Calculate the present value of total inflows.(Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
PV of total outflows
c. Calculate the net present value. (Negative amount should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Net present value
a. The present value of total outflows is $9,562,406.82. b. The present value of total inflows is $30,062,285.33. c. The NPV is $20,499,878.51.
a. The present value of total outflows includes the call premium on the old issue, the underwriting cost on the new issue, and the remaining payments on the old issue.
The call premium is 7% of the face value of the old issue, which is $18 million, so it is $1.26 million.
The underwriting cost on the new issue is $480,000.
To calculate the present value of the remaining payments on the old issue, we need to find the semi-annual payment amount and the semi-annual discount rate. The payment amount is 11% of the face value, or $1.1 million per year, paid semi-annually, so $550,000 every six months. The semi-annual discount rate is 4% (half of 8%), since the company is in a 35% tax bracket and the after-tax cost of debt is 8%.
Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, we have:
PV of remaining payments = $550,000 x [(1 - 1/(1+0.04)²⁰)/0.04] = $7,822,406.82
Therefore, the present value of total outflows is:
PV of total outflows = $1,260,000 + $480,000 + $7,822,406.82 = $9,562,406.82
b. The present value of total inflows includes the proceeds from the new issue, which is $18 million, minus the underwriting cost, which is $480,000. We need to calculate the semi-annual payment amount and the semi-annual discount rate for the new issue. Since the new issue has a 10-year term and a 9.8% coupon rate, paid semi-annually, the payment amount is:
Payment amount = 9.8% x $18 million / 2 = $882,000 per six months
The semi-annual discount rate is also 4%.
Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, we have:
PV of new issue payments = $882,000 x [(1 - 1/(1+0.04)²⁰)/0.04] = $12,542,285.33
Therefore, the present value of total inflows is:
PV of total inflows = $18,000,000 - $480,000 + $12,542,285.33 = $30,062,285.33
c. The net present value is the present value of total inflows minus the present value of total outflows:
Net present value = $30,062,285.33 - $9,562,406.82 = $20,499,878.51
Since the net present value is positive, the refunding decision is beneficial to the Bowman Corporation.
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resprin company uses the fifo method in its process costing system. data for the assembly department for may appear below:
Based on the information provided, Resprin Company uses the FIFO method in its process costing system. The data for the assembly department for May is not provided, so I cannot provide an answer to the question.
However, it is worth noting that the FIFO method assumes that the first units produced are the first ones sold or transferred out of the department.
This method is commonly used in companies that produce products with a short shelf life, as it helps ensure that the oldest units are sold or used first, reducing the risk of waste and spoilage.
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determine the gross profit using the weighted average cost flow method, assuming that only one item was sold on march 24 for $14. date item units cost total march 3 purchase 6 $6 $36 march 8 purchase 6 8 48 march 22 purchase 6 10 60 total 18 $144 a.$14 b.$10 c.$6 d.$8
To determine the gross profit using the weighted average cost flow method, we need to first calculate the weighted average cost per unit.
Total cost = $36 + $48 + $60 = $144
Total units = 6 + 6 + 6 = 18
Weighted average cost per unit = Total cost / Total units
= $144 / 18
= $8
Since only one item was sold on March 24 for $14, the gross profit can be calculated as:
Gross profit = Selling price - Cost of goods sold
Cost of goods sold = Units sold x Weighted average cost per unit
Therefore, the answer is c. $6.
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https://brainly.com/question/942181#SPJ11how does your analysis change if the government imposes a lump-sum franchise tax of 40 on each firm (that is, the payoffs in the matrix are all reduced by 40). explain how your analysis would change if the firms have an additional option of shutting down and avoiding the lump-sum tax rather than producing 10 or 20 units and paying the tax.
If the government imposes a lump-sum franchise tax of 40 on each firm, then the payoffs in the matrix would all be reduced by 40. This means that the profits that each firm can make from producing either 10 or 20 units would be reduced by 40.
In the original analysis, we saw that both firms had an incentive to produce 20 units each, which would result in a Nash equilibrium. However, with the imposition of the lump-sum franchise tax, the payoffs for producing 20 units would be reduced by 40, making it less profitable for both firms to produce 20 units. As a result, the Nash equilibrium would change. Now, both firms would have the incentive to produce only 10 units each, as the payoffs for producing 10 units would be reduced by a smaller amount (40/2=20) than the payoffs for producing 20 units (40 each). This would result in a new Nash equilibrium where both firms produce 10 units each.
Now, if the firms have an additional option of shutting down and avoiding the lump-sum tax rather than producing 10 or 20 units and paying the tax, the analysis would change further. In this case, if one firm shuts down, the other firm can still produce 20 units and earn a payoff of 80 (reduced by 40 due to the tax). However, if both firms shut down, they would avoid paying the tax but would earn zero payoffs.
Therefore, the Nash equilibrium would depend on the cost of shutting down for each firm. If the cost of shutting down is high, then both firms would still have an incentive to produce 10 units each, even if they have to pay the tax. However, if the cost of shutting down is low, then one or both firms may choose to shut down and avoid paying the tax.
Overall, the analysis would change significantly if the government imposes a lump-sum franchise tax and if the firms have an additional option of shutting down. The new Nash equilibrium would depend on the cost of shutting down and the magnitude of the tax.
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a type of marketing research project undertaken during the business analysis stage of the new product development process that often uses focus groups and in-store polling to gather data is known as .
The type of marketing research project that is undertaken during the business analysis stage of the new product development process and involves using focus groups and in-store polling to gather data is known as concept testing.
Concept testing is an essential part of the product development process as it helps to identify potential problems with the product, determine customer needs and preferences, and gather feedback on potential marketing strategies. The data collected through concept testing is used to refine the product concept and make necessary changes before the product is launched. Concept testing is an important step in ensuring the success of a new product in the market. You've asked about a marketing research project undertaken during the business analysis stage of the new product development process. This type of research is known as "concept testing." Concept testing often uses focus groups and in-store polling to gather data, which helps businesses understand consumer opinions, preferences, and potential issues before launching a new product. By conducting concept testing, companies can minimize risks, make informed decisions, and improve their products based on customer feedback, ultimately increasing the likelihood of a successful product launch.
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a firm with earnings per share of $3 and a price-earnings (p/e) ratio of 24 will have a stock market price of
The stock market price of the firm would be $72.
Stock Price = Earnings Per Share x Price-Earnings Ratio
Stock Price = $3 x 24
Stock Price = $72
A firm is an organization that combines resources, such as capital, labor, and technology, to produce goods or services in order to generate profits. Firms can take many forms, from sole proprietorships to partnerships, corporations, and cooperatives.
Firms operate in various industries, such as manufacturing, finance, healthcare, and technology, and can be of different sizes, from small businesses to multinational corporations. The goal of a firm is to create value for its shareholders by generating revenue and profits. Firms compete with each other in the marketplace by offering different products, services, and prices. They also face challenges such as changing consumer preferences, new technologies, and regulations.
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matthew just graduated from culinary school. he can earn $40,000 a year working for the same local bakery he has worked at since before starting culinary school, or accept a job offer he received after graduation from a high-end restaurant paying $70,000 a year. the higher salary is a result of
Matthew has two job options after graduating from culinary school - a $40,000 a year job at his current local bakery or a $70,000 a year job offer from a high-end restaurant.
The reason for the higher salary of $70,000 a year is because the job offer is from a high-end restaurant. High-end restaurants often offer higher salaries because they require more specialized skills and expertise. Additionally, high-end restaurants tend to have a higher profit margin, allowing them to pay their employees higher salaries. Matthew will need to weigh the benefits and drawbacks of each job offer and determine which job is the best fit for his personal and professional goals.
After graduating from culinary school, Matthew has gained valuable skills and knowledge in the culinary arts. This makes him more valuable as an employee, which is why the high-end restaurant is offering him a higher salary of $70,000 a year.
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presenting someone else's ideas or other creative product as your own is termed ________.
To use someone else's work or other creative product as if they were your own is called plagiarism.
Plagiarism is a form of academic or intellectual dishonesty that involves the use of another person's work without proper attribution or permission. This can include copying text, ideas, or images from a source without citation, submitting someone else's work as your own, or paraphrasing someone else's work without proper attribution.
Plagiarism is considered unethical and can lead to serious consequences, such as loss of credibility, legal action, and academic or professional sanctions. Proper citation and referencing are essential to avoid plagiarism and give credit to the original author or creator of the work.
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You can produce ____________ by buying and selling stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and real estate.
A. A large income
B. Tax deductions
C. HSAs
D. Portfolio/investment income
You can produce D. Portfolio/investment income by buying and selling stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and real estate.
Investing in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and real estate can generate income in the form of dividends, interest payments, capital gains, and rental income. This type of income is known as portfolio or investment income. It is separate from earned income, which is income from working a job or running a business.
Portfolio/investment income can be a source of passive income and can provide a way to build wealth over time. However, it is important to note that investing always involves risk and it is important to carefully evaluate investment options and seek professional advice before making investment decisions.
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by filling in the blanks in exhibit 7-8, the average variable cost of producing 4 pizzas is shown to be equal to: a. $85. b. $10. c. $40. d. $20. e. $15.
Exhibit 7-8 is a table that shows the total variable cost of producing a certain number of pizzas.
The table has two columns: one for the number of pizzas produced, and another for the total variable cost. To calculate the average variable cost of producing 4 pizzas, we need to look at the total variable cost for producing 4 pizzas and divide it by 4.
Looking at the table, we can see that the total variable cost for producing 4 pizzas is $40 (which is given in the table). Therefore, to calculate the average variable cost of producing 4 pizzas, we need to divide $40 by 4, which gives us $10. Therefore, the correct answer to your question is (b) $10.
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You just purchased a home and agreed to a mortgage payment of $1,264 a month for 30 years at 7.5 percent interest, compounded monthly. How much interest will you pay over the life of this mortgage assuming that you make all payments as agreed?
To determine how much interest you'll pay over the life of a 30-year mortgage at 7.5% interest with monthly payments of $1,264, follow these steps:
1. Find the total number of payments: 30 years * 12 months/year = 360 payments
2. Calculate the total amount paid over the mortgage: 360 payments * $1,264/payment = $454,080
3. Determine the initial loan amount using the formula: P = (A * (1 - (1 + r)^-n)) / r
where P is the loan amount, A is the monthly payment ($1,264), r is the monthly interest rate (7.5%/12 = 0.075/12 = 0.00625), and n is the total number of payments (360)
P = ($1,264 * (1 - (1 + 0.00625)^-360)) / 0.00625 = $166,972.35
4. Calculate the interest paid: Total amount paid - Initial loan amount = $454,080 - $166,972.35 = $287,107.65
You will pay $287,107.65 in interest over the life of this 30-year mortgage at 7.5% interest, assuming all payments are made as agreed.
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ralf wilson wants to receive $25,000 in perpetuity and will invest his money in an investment that will earn a return of 14 percent annually. what is the value of the investment that he needs to make today to receive his perpetual cash flow stream? (round to the nearest dollar.)
Ralf Wilson needs to invest $178,571.43 today in order to receive a perpetual cash flow stream of $25,000 per year, assuming a 14 percent annual return. Rounded to the nearest dollar, the value of the investment is $178,571.
To calculate the value of the investment that Ralf Wilson needs to make today to receive a perpetual cash flow stream of $25,000 per year, we can use the perpetuity formula:
PV = C / r
Where PV is the present value, C is the cash flow, and r is the interest rate or rate of return.
In this case, Ralf wants to receive $25,000 per year in perpetuity and the investment will earn a return of 14 percent annually. Therefore, we can plug in the values:
PV = $25,000 / 0.14
PV = $178,571.43
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a company has stockholders' equity as follows: 1,000 outstanding shares of $10 par value common stock; $5,000 of additional paid-in capital; and $12,000 of retained earnings. what is the book value (per share) of the common stock?
The book value per share of the common stock can be calculated by adding the par value and the additional paid-in capital and dividing the sum by the number of outstanding shares.
In this case, the total equity is $17,000 ($10,000 from common stock and $7,000 from additional paid-in capital and retained earnings). Dividing this by the number of outstanding shares (1,000) gives a book value per share of $17. Therefore, each share of common stock has a book value of $17. It is important to note that this book value represents the accounting value of the stock and may differ from the market value of the stock, which is determined by supply and demand in the market.
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members of a company's ________ travel to call on customers in the field.
Members of a company's sales team travel to call on customers in the field.
These sales representatives or salespeople are the face of the company and are responsible for selling the company's products or services to potential and existing customers. The field refers to any location outside of the office, such as a customer's place of business, a trade show or conference, or even the customer's home. The purpose of field sales is to establish and maintain relationships with customers, to understand their needs, and to provide them with solutions that will meet those needs.
Field sales reps use various techniques to persuade customers to make a purchase, such as demonstrating the product, providing testimonials, and offering discounts or incentives. To be successful in field sales, reps need to have excellent communication and interpersonal skills, be knowledgeable about the product or service they are selling, and be able to identify and respond to customer needs.
They must also be able to work independently and manage their time effectively, as they are often working remotely and managing a large territory. Overall, field sales is an essential part of a company's sales strategy, as it allows them to build relationships with customers and increase their sales revenue. By sending sales reps out into the field, companies can reach customers who may not be aware of their products or services and build a loyal customer base.
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Exhibit 22-13
Quantity of Output
(Q)
Total Fixed Cost (TFC)
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Total Variable Cost
(TVC)
Average Variable Cost
(AVC)
Total Cost
(TC)
Average Total Cost
(ATC)
Marginal Cost
(MC)
0
$200
$0
$200
1
$200
(A)
30
(H)
230
(M)
(S)
2
$200
(B)
50
(I)
250
(N)
(T)
3
$200
(C)
(F)
$26.67
(K)
(P)
(U)
4
$200
(D)
130
(J)
330
(Q)
(V)
5
$200
(E)
(G)
$40
(L)
(R)
(W)
Refer to Exhibit 22-13. What dollar amounts go in blanks (E) and (F), respectively?
Refer to Exhibit 22-13. What dollar amounts go in blanks (C) and (D), respectively?
Refer to Exhibit 22-13. What dollar amounts go in blanks (T) and (U), respectively?
Average fixed cost (AFC) is the total fixed cost divided by the quantity of output (Q). It measures the average amount of fixed costs required to produce one unit of output.
As the quantity of output increases, the AFC decreases. For example, in Exhibit 22-13, at Q = 0, the total fixed cost (TFC) is $200 and AFC is $0, since no output is produced. As the quantity of output increases, the TFC remains constant, but the AFC decreases. For example, at Q = 5, the TFC is still $200, but the AFC is $40 (E) which is the TFC divided by 5.
Average variable cost (AVC) is the total variable cost divided by the quantity of output (Q). It measures the average amount of variable costs required to produce one unit of output. As the quantity of output increases, the AVC decreases.
For example, in Exhibit 22-13, at Q = 0, the total variable cost (TVC) is $20 and AVC is $20, since no output is produced. As the quantity of output increases, the TVC increases, but the AVC decreases. For example, at Q = 3, the TVC is $60 (C) and the AVC is $20 (D) which is the TVC divided by 3.
Marginal cost (MC) is the change in total cost that results from producing one additional unit of output. For example, in Exhibit 22-13, at Q = 3, the total cost (TC) is $280 (T) and at Q = 4, the TC is $330 (U). The MC is $50 (T-U) which is the change in TC from producing one additional unit of output.
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phil o'hara is an internal auditor for the shield corporation. recently he ran a report that listed payments to employees for business expenses that occurred while the employee was on vacation. what type of fraud scheme is phil most likely to find?
In this case, the report he ran listed payments made to employees for business expenses that were incurred while they were on vacation. This scenario could be indicative of expense reimbursement fraud, which involves submitting fraudulent or inflated expenses for reimbursement.
Expense reimbursement fraud is a common fraud scheme where an employee submits fake or inflated expenses for reimbursement to the company. The employee can either create false receipts or inflate the actual cost of an expense in order to receive more money from the company. In this scenario, the employees may have taken a vacation, but they reported their expenses as business expenses to receive reimbursement from Shield Corporation. It is Phil's responsibility to investigate this further and determine if there was indeed fraud. He should look at the expenses and receipts submitted and compare them to the company's policies for reimbursing expenses. He should also interview the employees involved and ask for documentation to support their expenses. If he finds evidence of fraud, he should report it to the appropriate parties and take appropriate action.
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