The delay between the sinoatrial node discharge and arrival of the action potential at the ventricular septum is approximately 0.1 second.
The delay is necessary for the atria to contract and empty their blood into the ventricles before the ventricles contract. The delay is caused by the slower conduction of the action potential through the atrioventricular (AV) node and the bundle of His. This slower conduction allows for the atria to fully contract and empty their blood into the ventricles before the ventricles contract. Without this delay, the ventricles would contract before the atria had a chance to empty their blood, leading to inefficient pumping of blood throughout the body.
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Name: Student \#: Section: Homework Assignment 2 3.1 Results for tested solution ( 3 marks) What did you bring with you to test? Identify the macromolecule(s) present in your solution. Explain your reasoning for the above answer. Fill out and use the table below to help you answer this question. 3.2 Results for Onion and Potato Samples ( 3 marks) Consider this Scientific Question: Do onions and potato plants store carbohydrates in the same form? Based on the results you have collected in this week's lab, what would you conclude? Please describe the relevant results from the lab to support your conclusions.
For Question 3.1, the solution tested was water. As water does not contain any macromolecules, no macromolecules were present in the tested solution. This is evidenced by the fact that the reaction did not cause a colour change, which would occur if the solution contained any macromolecules.
For Question 3.2, based on the results collected in the lab, it can be concluded that onions and potatoes store carbohydrates in different forms. The iodine test conducted showed that the potato sample turned dark brown, which indicates the presence of starch molecules (a type of carbohydrate).
On the other hand, the onion sample did not change colour, meaning that it did not contain any starch molecules. Thus, onions and potatoes store carbohydrates in different forms.
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Methyl-mercury is an example of a(n) _____.
pesticide
fossil fuel
anesthetic
antibiotic
Compare the raw materials of photosynthesis to the products of respiration. (List the raw materials and products)
Photosynthesis, which makes use of carbon dioxide and water, generates oxygen and glucose.
What are the end results and starting points of photosynthesis?As the raw ingredients for photosynthesis—water and carbon dioxide—enter the cells, the products of photosynthesis—sugar and oxygen—leave the leaf. Water reaches the root and ascends to the leaves through specialized plant cells called xylem vessels.
What are the raw materials and outcomes of breath?Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen as input ingredients and produces ATP, carbon dioxide, and water as waste products. Many processes, some requiring oxygen and some not, take place in the body once glucose from food is ingested in order to produce energy.
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8. Explain why soil microbes are critical to carbon storage in soil. 9. Describe at least one way the nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle are interconnected in soil.
Soil microbes are critical to carbon storage in soil because they play a vital role in the decomposition of organic matter. The nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle are interconnected in soil because both cycles involve the decomposition of organic matter.
Through the process of decomposition, soil microbes break down organic matter into simpler compounds, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This carbon dioxide is then taken up by plants through the process of photosynthesis, where it is converted into organic matter and stored in the soil. This cycle helps to maintain the balance of carbon in the atmosphere and is an essential part of the carbon cycle.
In the nitrogen cycle, soil microbes decompose organic matter, releasing nitrogen into the soil in the form of ammonium. This ammonium is then converted into nitrate by nitrifying bacteria, which is then taken up by plants and used to produce proteins and other essential compounds. Similarly, in the carbon cycle, soil microbes decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which is then taken up by plants and used to produce organic matter. Both of these cycles are essential for the health of the soil and the plants that grow in it.
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Which is NOT TRUE of disk diffusion? Larger zones of inhibition indicate greater sensitivity to the chemical the chemical diffuses out into the medium from the disk with a lower concentration farther from the disk
this method can be versatile, allowing you to test many possible desinfectants
if you see clearing around the disk you can be sure that this disinfectant is bactericidal
zones of inhibition indicate that the bacteria did not grow in that location
The statement that is NOT TRUE of disk diffusion is "if you see clearing around the disk you can be sure that this disinfectant is bactericidal." This is because the clearing around the disk, or the zone of inhibition, does not necessarily indicate that the disinfectant is bactericidal (able to kill bacteria).
It may simply be bacteriostatic (able to inhibit the growth of bacteria). Therefore, it is not accurate to assume that a disinfectant is bactericidal based solely on the presence of a zone of inhibition.
The other statements about disk diffusion are true. Larger zones of inhibition do indicate greater sensitivity to the chemical, the chemical does diffuse out into the medium from the disk with a lower concentration farther from the disk, and this method can be versatile, allowing you to test many possible disinfectants.
Additionally, zones of inhibition do indicate that the bacteria did not grow in that location.
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What dosage of the drug (mg/d) must be administered to reduce LDL cholesterol in the blood by 60 mg dL-1? As a note, the drug has no effect on LDL cholesterol in the body at dosages of 4.0 mg d-1 or less, so be sure to add 4.0 mg d-1 to your final answer. Dosage of drug (mg/d) =____
To determine the dosage of the drug (mg/d) that must be administered to reduce LDL cholesterol in the blood by 60 mg dL-1, we need to know the relationship between the dosage of the drug and the reduction in LDL cholesterol.
Without this information, it is impossible to accurately determine the required dosage of the drug. However, as stated in the question, the drug has no effect on LDL cholesterol in the body at dosages of 4.0 mg d-1 or less. Therefore, the minimum dosage of the drug that must be administered to have any effect on LDL cholesterol is 4.0 mg d-1.
So, the final answer would be: Dosage of drug (mg/d) = 4.0 mg d-1 + X, where X is the additional dosage of the drug required to reduce LDL cholesterol by 60 mg dL-1. Without further information, it is impossible to determine the value of X.
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The fastest signaling to the cell is achieved
through
a.
Nuclear receptors
b.
receptor tyrosine kinases
c.
ion channels
d.
GPCRs
e.
integrins
The fastest signaling to the cell is achieved through ion channels.
Thus, the correct option is C.
Ion chаnnels functions include estаblishing а resting membrаne potentiаl, shаping аction potentiаls аnd other electricаl signаls by gаting the flow of ions аcross the cell membrаne, controlling the flow of ions аcross secretory аnd epitheliаl cells, аnd regulаting cell volume. Ion chаnnels аre present in the membrаnes of аll cells.
Ion channels are specialized proteins that form pores in the cell membrane, allowing the rapid flow of ions in and out of the cell. This rapid flow of ions can lead to changes in the electrical potential of the cell, which can then quickly trigger a response, such as the contraction of a muscle or the release of a neurotransmitter. This makes ion channels the fastest method of signaling within a cell.
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western blot analysis is the tool to use if trying to
determine protein-protein interaction. explain with references
Western blot analysis, also known as protein immunoblotting, is a technique used to identify specific proteins in a sample of tissue or cell extract. It is commonly used to determine protein-protein interactions, as it can detect the presence of specific proteins and determine the amount of protein present in a sample.
The process of Western blotting involves separating proteins by size using gel electrophoresis, transferring the separated proteins onto a membrane, and then using antibodies to detect specific proteins. The antibodies used in Western blotting are specific to the protein of interest and will only bind to that protein. The bound antibodies are then visualized using an enzyme-linked secondary antibody or a chemiluminescent substrate, allowing for the identification and quantification of the protein of interest.
References:
1. Towbin, H., Staehelin, T., & Gordon, J. (1979). Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 76(9), 4350-4354.
2. Burnette, W. N. (1981). "Western blotting": electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein A. Analytical biochemistry, 112(2), 195-203.
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According to the Daily Chill, krill count has dropped to an all-time low this season!
Penguins rely on krill to survive in the Antarctic. Without krill, the species could go extinct. Apparently, the
cause is related to a biotic factor - or one caused by some other living thing in my ecosystem. Could you
explore energy transfer in the ecosystem to find the cause of their decline?
One of the biotic factors that could be affecting the krill population is overfishing.
What are the consequences of these effects?Humans have been fishing for krill for years, and this could be depleting the krill population in the ecosystem. Another factor that could be affecting the krill population is the decline in the phytoplankton population, which is the primary food source for krill.
The decline in phytoplankton could be due to changes in ocean temperature or changes in nutrient availability, which could be caused by climate change or other environmental factors. In addition to these biotic factors, there could also be abiotic factors that are affecting the krill population indirectly.
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A carrier of a genetic disorder who does not show symptoms is
most likely to be ________ to transmit it to offspring.
A. heterozygous for the trait and able B. heterozygous for the trait
and unable
C. heterozygous
A carrier of a genetic disorder who does not show symptoms is most likely to be A. heterozygous for the trait and able to transmit it to offspring.
A carrier of a genetic disorder is a person who has a copy of a recessive allele, which causes the disease but does not display symptoms of the disease. As a result, a person may have the trait for a genetic disorder even if they do not appear to have the disease or exhibit symptoms. If two carriers for the same recessive disorder have children, the child has a 25% chance of inheriting two defective copies and developing the disease. The child has a 50% chance of being a carrier like their parents and a 25% chance of having two normal copies.
Heterozygous refers to a pair of genes in which one allele is dominant and the other is recessive. In a heterozygous genotype, the individual has two different alleles for a particular gene, one from each parent. This means that one allele masks the effects of the other, so the trait controlled by the dominant allele is the one that appears. Heterozygosity is important in genetics since it allows for the existence of carriers who are not affected by genetic diseases but can pass them on to their offspring.
In general, the symptoms of a recessive genetic disease are only expressed if an individual has two copies of the same defective gene (i.e., they are homozygous).Thus, a carrier of a genetic disorder who does not show symptoms is most likely to be heterozygous for the trait and able to transmit it to offspring.
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DNA polymerases can synthesize DNA
A. De novo by catalyzing the polymerization of free dNTPs.
B. By adding dNTPs to complementary dNTPs on a single-stranded DNA.
C. By adding dNTPs to a hydroxyl group on the end of a growing polynucleotide chain hydrogen bonded to a strand of RNA.
D. By adding dNTPs to a hydroxyl group on the end of a growing polynucleotide chain hydrogen bonded to a strand of DNA.
Answer: B
DNA polymerase adds free complementary DNA nucleotides to the a single strand
Which selections are INCORRECT? Select all that apply.
Group of answer choices Cells use enzymes to form or break apart covalent bonds Reactants are molecules that are formed at the end of a chemical reaction
Nucleotides are made of 4 unique parts
Cellulose is built from smaller molecules called amino acids
The selections that are incorrect are: Reactants are molecules that are formed at the end of a chemical reaction and Cellulose is built from smaller molecules called amino acids.
What are the characteristics of the four macromolecules?The four macromolecules are nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Nucleic acids contain nucleotides, which are made up of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar. Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are linked together by peptide bonds. Carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides, which are simple sugars. Lipids are nonpolar molecules that are hydrophobic, meaning they do not dissolve in water. The properties and functions of each macromolecule are determined by its unique structure. Cells use enzymes to form or break apart covalent bonds is correct.
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Reactants, on the other hand, are the starting materials of a chemical reaction. They are transformed into products, which are the end result of the reaction. So, the selection Reactants are molecules that are formed at the end of a chemical reaction is incorrect. Nucleotides are made of 4 unique parts is also correct.
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Which immunoglobulin molecule transports most easily across epithelial cells? - IgM - IgE - IgA - IgD - IgG1
The immunoglobulin molecule that transports most easily across epithelial cells is IgA. This is because IgA is specifically designed to be secreted across epithelial cells and is the predominant immunoglobulin in mucosal secretions.
IgA is able to bind to specific receptors on the epithelial cells and is then transported across the cells to the lumen of the gut or respiratory tract. This allows IgA to provide protection against pathogens at the mucosal surfaces. In contrast, IgM, IgE, IgD, and IgG1 are not as efficient at crossing epithelial cells. IgM is a large molecule that is not easily transported across cells, IgE is primarily involved in allergic responses, IgD is mainly found on the surface of B cells, and IgG1 is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the blood but does not readily cross epithelial cells.
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Describe the functions of the detergent, salt, papain,
and alcohol for the extraction of DNA.
How could DNA extracted in these procedures be amplified
for further analysis in a biomolecular laboratory
The detergent, salt, papain, and alcohol are used in the extraction of DNA. The extraction of DNA from cells involves the use of various substances that serve specific functions.
Detergent is used to dissolve the lipids and proteins surrounding the DNA by breaking down the cell membrane.
Salt is then added to the solution to clump the DNA together, making it visible and easier to isolate.
Papain is used to digest proteins that may be co-precipitated with the DNA, further purifying the sample.
Finally, alcohol is added to precipitate the DNA out of the solution, and the DNA can be collected and washed for further analysis.
Once the DNA is extracted, it can be amplified for further analysis using a technique called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In this technique, the double-stranded DNA is denatured to separate the two strands.
Primers are then added to anneal to the single-stranded DNA. The DNA polymerase extends the primer to make a new complementary strand, doubling the amount of DNA.
This process is repeated several times, each cycle doubling the amount of DNA. The amplified DNA can then be used for further analysis in a biomolecular laboratory.
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As humans domesticated wild species, describe the
characteristics that could be consciously and unconsciously
selected for.
As humans domesticated wild species, the characteristics that could be consciously selected for includes size, temperament, reproductive traits, and physical traits while the characteristics unconsciously selected for includes disease resistance, adaptability, and efficiency.
The process of domestication involves selecting for certain traits in wild species to make them more suitable for human use.
Some of the characteristics that could be consciously selected for include:
- Size: Humans may select for smaller or larger animals, depending on their intended use. For example, smaller animals may be preferred for pets, while larger animals may be preferred for agriculture or transportation.
- Temperament: Humans may select for animals that are more docile and less aggressive, making them easier to work with and less dangerous.
- Reproductive traits: Humans may select for animals that have shorter gestation periods, produce more offspring, or are more likely to breed in captivity.
- Physical traits: Humans may select for animals with certain coat colors, patterns, or other physical traits that are desirable for aesthetic or practical reasons.
Some of the characteristics that could be unconsciously selected for include:
- Disease resistance: Animals that are more resistant to diseases may be more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to an increase in disease-resistant animals in the population.
- Adaptability: Animals that are better able to adapt to new environments or changes in their environment may be more likely to survive and reproduce.
- Efficiency: Animals that are more efficient at converting food into energy or producing milk, eggs, or other products may be more likely to be selected for, even if humans are not consciously selecting for these traits.
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Modern life. Place the following steps of the RNA world hypothesis in order: The primordial soup. Small molecules like formaldehyde, glycerol, and methane form. X RNA forms, develops the ability to self-replicate. × A lipid membrane walls off the RNA, allowing only it to be copied by the proteins it encodes. X Reverse transcriptases copy RNA into DNA due to its inherent stability. X Nucleotides form from precursors. X Simple cells form, and eventually mitochondria/chloroplasts are engulfed by larger cells (Endosymbiosis Theory). X Complex RNAs with nucleotide-based catalytic sites form (like the ribosome, hammerhead, etc.).
Modern life. Place the following steps of the RNA world hypothesis in order: the order starts with Nucleotides form from precursors,
and ends with simple cells form, and eventually mitochondria/chloroplasts are engulfed by larger cells (Endosymbiosis Theory)
The RNA world hypothesis describes the earliest stage of life on Earth, when the first simple molecules of RNA formed and became capable of self-replication. In order, the steps of this hypothesis are as follows-
Nucleotides form from precursors.The primordial soup forms from small molecules like formaldehyde, glycerol, and methane.Simple RNA molecules form and develop the ability to self-replicate.Complex RNAs with nucleotide-based catalytic sites form, such as the ribosome, hammerhead, etc.Reverse transcriptases copy RNA into DNA due to its inherent stability.A lipid membrane walls off the RNA, allowing only it to be copied by the proteins it encodes.Simple cells form, and eventually mitochondria/chloroplasts are engulfed by larger cells (Endosymbiosis Theory).
The RNA world hypothesis proposes that the earliest form of life on Earth was composed of small, self-replicating RNA molecules that were capable of encoding proteins. These proteins were then able to make more copies of the RNA molecules, and a process of natural selection was initiated, leading to the formation of simple cells.
Eventually, larger cells formed, resulting in the endosymbiosis theory, where mitochondria and chloroplasts were engulfed by the larger cells.
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After our nose senses a smell, which option shows the mechanism of the travelling of sense signals in our body?
The proper response for how a sensory signal travels through our body is (a) an olfactory receptor, a dendritic tip of a nerve cell, an axon, a nerve termination, and a discharge of signal.
What is the nose's structure?Air passes through the nasal cavity, a hollow area behind the nose. A tiny "wall" of cartilage and bone, the septum is. It separates the nasal cavity into two chambers.
What significance does the nose have?The health of your nose is crucial. By eliminating allergens and dust, it cleans the air you breathe. It warms and humidifies the air to prevent drying out of your lungs and the tubes that connect them. Moreover, the nerve cells that support your sense of smell are found in your nose.
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T/F SternocleidomastoidConcentrically accelerates cervical flexion, rotation, and lateral flexionEccentrically decelerates cervical extension, rotation, and lateral flexionIsometrically stabilizes the cervical spine and acromioclavicular joint
The given statement “Sternocleidomastoid Concentrically accelerates cervical flexion, rotation, and lateral flexionEccentrically decelerates cervical extension, rotation, and lateral flexionIsometrically stabilizes the cervical spine and acromioclavicular joint” is true because the sternocleidomastoid muscle plays a crucial role in the movement and stabilization of the cervical spine and acromioclavicular joint. It concentrically accelerates cervical flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion, allowing for movement of the head and neck.
Additionally, it eccentrically decelerates cervical extension, rotation, and lateral flexion, helping to control and slow down these movements.
Finally, it isometrically stabilizes the cervical spine and acromioclavicular joint, providing support and preventing injury. Overall, the sternocleidomastoid is an important muscle that contributes to the functioning of the cervical spine and acromioclavicular joint.
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6. The Polar cells are the convection cells nearest the Poles. (10 points)
A. What are the temperature and pressure conditions of the surface air at the
Poles? (4 points)
B. What are the pressure conditions of the air above the Poles? (2 points)
C. How does air move at the Poles? (4 points)
Hadley Cells, Ferrel Cells, or Polar Cells are the three categories of global convection cells. The Hadley Cells move from the tropics to a latitude of around 30 degrees.
What do cells do?They give the body structure, absorb nutrients from meals, transform those nutrients into electricity, & perform certain tasks. Moreover, cells may replicate themselves and hold the body's genetic material. There are numerous parts in cells, and each one has a unique purpose.
From where do cells originate?Scientists once believed that life spontaneously developed from nonliving objects. It is now recognized that life originates from prior life and that cells originate from preexisting cells as a result of experiments and the development of the microscope.
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Can known obligate anaerobe organisms like Helicobacter and Clostridium species grow and cause disease in humans? - Yes, but they can only grow in the oxygenated surfaces of the body. - Yes, they can grow on both the skin surface and in internal body cavities - Yes, but only if they are transferred into low oxygen areas of the body like cavities or tracts in the body. - No, humans are aerobic and require oxygen for survival.
Obligate anaerobe organisms like Helicobacter and Clostridium species can grow and cause disease in humans. Obligate anaerobe organisms species can grow and cause disease in humans only if they are transferred into low oxygen areas of the body like cavities or tracts in the body.
Obligate anaerobes are organisms that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen and therefore need to be in environments with low oxygen levels to grow and thrive. While humans are aerobic and require oxygen for survival, there are areas in the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, that have low oxygen levels and can provide a suitable environment for obligate anaerobes to grow and cause disease. It is important to note that these organisms cannot grow on the oxygenated surfaces of the body, such as the skin, and can only cause disease if they are transferred into low-oxygen areas of the body.
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Neurons transmit information _____ along the length of the axons to the presynaptic terminal. Neurons ______ physically attached to one another. They communicate with _____ called _____ that flow across a short _____ between the neurons. This space is called the _____
Neurons transmit information electrically along the length of the axons to the presynaptic terminal. Neurons are not physically attached to one another.
They communicate with chemicals called neurotransmitters that flow across a short distance between the neurons. This space is called the synapse.
In conclusion, neurons communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses along the axons until they reach the presynaptic terminal.
Once there, the neurons release chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse, which is the area between the neurons.
After then, these neurotransmitters attach to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, which makes it possible for neurons to communicate with one another.
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List and explain the iucn list of threatened species and the
criteria for their classification With the number of species under
each list
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species is the world's most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of plant, animal, and fungi species. It is based on an objective system for assessing the risk of extinction of a species should no conservation action be taken.
The IUCN Red List is divided into nine categories, each with its own criteria for inclusion. The categories are as follows:
As of July 2020, the IUCN Red List includes 120,372 species, of which 32,441 are threatened with extinction. This includes 5,583 species classified as Critically Endangered, 9,754 species classified as Endangered, and 17,104 species classified as Vulnerable.
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Graded D-R relationships are --- eg. --- --- --- or % analgesia ---- (---) is the --- response produced by the drug at the ---.--- (---) is the drug --- which elicits --- of the maximal response (Emax); function of --- and ---.
Graded D-R relationships are dose-response relationships that measure the relationship between a drug dose and the resulting response. This relationship can be expressed as a percentage analgesia, which is the percentage of the maximal response (Emax) produced by the drug at the given dose. The ED50 (median effective dose) is the drug dose which elicits of the maximal response (Emax)
This is the most commonly used measure to describe the potency of a drug. It is a measure of drug efficacy, meaning the function of both dose and the resulting response.
This dose-response relationship helps to understand the pharmacological properties of a drug and how the drug interacts with a biological system. By understanding the dose-response relationship, clinicians can more accurately determine the optimal dose for a given patient, thus improving patient outcomes.
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Culture medium in Microbiology CAN NOT be applied directly to?
enrich microorganisms
visualize shape of bacteria
isolate microorganisms
visualize morphology of colonies
What instrument IS NOT used in the streak plate method?
Micro slide
Bunsen Burner
Inoculate loop
Agar media
A "bad" result of the smear procedure can be related to which step?
Thick layer of cells
Too much heat
Not let to air dried
All above
1. Culture medium in microbiology cannot be applied directly to visualize the shape of bacteria.
2. An instrument that is not used in the streak plate method is the micro slide.
3. A "bad" result of the smear procedure can be related to a thick layer of cells, too much heat, and not letting it air dry steps.
Thus, the correct answers are
1. visualize the shape of bacteria (B)
2. Micro slide (A)
3. All above (D)
Culture mediа аre mediums thаt provide essentiаl nutrients аnd minerаls to support the growth of microorgаnisms in the lаborаtory. In microbiology, it can be applied directly to enrich microorganisms, isolate microorganisms, and visualize the morphology of colonies.
The micro slides аre used mаinly for microscopic investigаtion of tissue sections аnd cells from suspensions, prepаrаtion of specimens аnd their аrchiving.
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This passage describes the growth pattern trait in rose plants: Climbing growth and bush growth are different growth patterns in rose plants. Rose plants with climbing growth have long, bendable stems that act like vines. These plants may grow upward to cover fences or walls. Rose plants with bush growth stay near the ground. These plants form low bushes or shrubs. In a group of rose plants, some individuals have climbing growth and others have bush growth. In this group, the gene for the growth pattern trait has two alleles. The allele G is for climbing growth, and the allele g is for bush growth. A certain rose plant is from this group. This rose plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait is climbing growth. This plant's genotype for the growth pattern gene is GG. Based on this information, complete the following statement. This rose plant is heterozygous or homozygous for the growth pattern gene.
This rose plant is homozygous for the growth pattern gene.
State a hypothesis based on the following:
Based on your understanding of oil, do you think one of your five materials will absorb more oil than the others? If so, which one?
Hypothesis When comparing the two methods of using absorbent materials and skimming, skimming will be more efficient because absorbent materials absorb more water than oil whereas skimming simply collects oil.
What accounts for the superior oil absorption of some materials over others?Due to the fact that high porosity materials have a high capacity for oil absorption , highly porous materials are frequently employed as oil absorbents.
In an actual oil spill, how would you clean up the oil-contaminated sorbents?Skimmers and booms:Booms keep the oil contained so that scanners can gather it.Booms are movable barriers that are erected around the source of the spill of the oil.Skimmers are devices that remove spilt oil off the edge of the water within of the booms. They can be boats, vacuums, sponges, or ropes that absorb oil.
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: You want to prepare 10 mL of 0.25 M of ONP from 1M stock. Show
your work and include an instructional text (E.g. Measure x mL of
1M stock and bring the total to 10 mL with water).
The work from 10 mL of 0.25 M of ONP from 1M stock is 7.5 mL.
To prepare 10mL of 0.25 M ONP from 1M stock, first, measure x mL of 1M stock and bring the total to 10 mL with water. The number of moles of the solution should be calculated by the volume of the solution and its molarity, so we can use the following equation to determine the number of moles of ONP present:
moles = M x V moles
= 0.25 x (10/1000) = 0.0025 moles
We can then use this number to determine the volume of 1M ONP required to make the 0.25 M solution as follows:
0.0025 moles = 1M x V
V = 0.0025/1 V = 0.0025 L or 2.5 mL of 1M ONP
The 2.5 mL of 1M ONP can be diluted to a final volume of 10 mL by adding 7.5 mL of water to it. This will yield a 0.25 M ONP solution when mixed well.
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what shift in population growth has occurred by point A
A. The birth and death rates are equivalent.
Since the no. Of organisms are not varying with time which means the number of deaths are compensated by same number of births
What is the function of amylase? What does amylase do to
starch?
Which of the foods that you tested contained amylase(Apple and
Banana)? Which did not? What experimental evidence supports your
claim?
The function of amylase is to break down starch into simple sugars. It does this by catalyzing the hydrolysis of starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules, such as maltose and glucose.
In the experiment, it was found that the banana contained amylase while the apple did not. This was determined by observing the change in color of the iodine solution after it was added to the mashed up fruits.
The iodine solution turned from a dark brown color to a lighter yellow color when added to the banana, indicating the presence of amylase and the breakdown of starch. However, the iodine solution remained a dark brown color when added to the apple, indicating the absence of amylase and no breakdown of starch.
Overall, the function of amylase is to break down starch into simple sugars, and this was demonstrated in the experiment by the change in color of the iodine solution when added to the banana and apple. The experimental evidence supports the claim that the banana contained amylase while the apple did not.
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Capillary electrophoresis is the primary methodology adopted in the separation and detection of short tandem repeat (STR) alleles in forensic DNA laboratories. Discuss the principles and instrumentation of this methodology which achieves reliable STR profiles as a result of successful size resolution (to one nucleotide), spectral resolution (detection of five fluorescent dye colours) and size precision.
Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) is a technique used in forensic DNA laboratories to separate and detect short tandem repeat (STR) alleles. The principles of CE rely on an electrical field being applied in a capillary tube, causing different components of a sample to migrate at different rates based on size and charge.
This size-based separation can be used to separate DNA fragments and reveal the alleles present. The instrumentation used for CE includes a sample injector, capillary tube, and laser-based detector. The sample injector applies a voltage to the capillary tube, forcing the sample to move through the tube.
As the sample moves, it is detected by a laser-based detector that measures the fluorescence emitted by dyes in the sample. The emission of different colours of fluorescence can be used to determine the size and sequence of the alleles present in the sample.
The successful resolution and detection of STR alleles relies on the accuracy of the size resolution (which can be up to one nucleotide), spectral resolution (which allows for the detection of up to five fluorescent dye colours), and size precision.
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