Answer:
Explanation:
Capsules and slime layers
Many bacterial cells secrete some extracellular material in the form of a capsule or a slime layer. A slime layer is loosely associated with the bacterium and can be easily washed off, whereas a capsule is attached tightly to the bacterium and has definite boundaries. Capsules can be seen under a light microscope by placing the cells in a suspension of India ink. The capsules exclude the ink and appear as clear halos surrounding the bacterial cells. Capsules are usually polymers of simple sugars (polysaccharides), although the capsule of Bacillus anthracis is made of polyglutamic acid. Most capsules are hydrophilic (“water-loving”) and may help the bacterium avoid desiccation (dehydration) by preventing water loss. Capsules can protect a bacterial cell from ingestion and destruction by white blood cells (phagocytosis). While the exact mechanism for escaping phagocytosis is unclear, it may occur because capsules make bacterial surface components more slippery, helping the bacterium to escape engulfment by phagocytic cells. The presence of a capsule in Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most important factor in its ability to cause pneumonia. Mutant strains of S. pneumoniae that have lost the ability to form a capsule are readily taken up by white blood cells and do not cause disease. The association of virulence and capsule formation is also found in many other species of bacteria.
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
The capsular material surrounding these bacteria (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus) is revealed in a suspension of India ink and viewed through a light microscope (magnified about 2,500×).
From W.H. Taylor and E. Juni, “Pathways for Biosynthesis of a Bacterial Capsular Polysaccharide,” Journal of Bacteriology (May 1961)
A capsular layer of extracellular polysaccharide material can enclose many bacteria into a biofilm and serves many functions. Streptococcus mutans, which causes dental caries, splits the sucrose in food and uses one of the sugars to build its capsule, which sticks tightly to the tooth. The bacteria that are trapped in the capsule use the other sugar to fuel their metabolism and produce a strong acid (lactic acid) that attacks the tooth enamel. When Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonizes the lungs of persons with cystic fibrosis, it produces a thick capsular polymer of alginic acid that contributes to the difficulty of eradicating the bacterium. Bacteria of the genus Zoogloea secrete fibres of cellulose that enmesh the bacteria into a floc that floats on the surface of liquid and keeps the bacteria exposed to air, a requirement for the metabolism of this genus. A few rod-shaped bacteria, such as Sphaerotilus, secrete long chemically complex tubular sheaths that enclose substantial numbers of the bacteria. The sheaths of these and many other environmental bacteria can become encrusted with iron or manganese oxides.
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium found in the mouth, contributes to tooth decay.
Features of the command economy of ancient Egypt
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Which of the following best describes how the Articles of Confederation established representatives in Congress?
Each state had two votes in Congress, regardless of its size.
Each state's representation in Congress was based on its size.
Each state had one vote in Congress, regardless of its population.
Each state's representation in Congress was based on its population.
Answer:
its the last one
each states representation in congress was based on its population. I did this today and got it right.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
In the Articles of Confederation, each state was given one vote. More people could participate, but each state was only allowed one vote regardless of its size or population.
Help plz this is do today
Question
1. What do we learn about Sarah and John Ivey from these advertisements?
2.What does this document teach us about resistance to slavery in the New York Colony?
ANYONE PLZZZZ HELP ME THIS IS DO TODAY I GIVE COOKIE IF U DO IT ANYTHING PLZZZI WILL GET NX 0 PLZ =(
Questions
1. What do we learn about Sarah and John Ivey from these advertisements?
2.What does this document teach us about resistance to slavery in the New York Colony?
Your mom your mom your mom your mom your welcome
Migration rates, birth rates, and death rates are always to measure changes in _____.
A) Urbanization
B) Population
C) Weather
D) Climate
Answer:
b
Explanation:
because those are all things that affect the population of a city or country
PLS HURRY its a time line project - brainliest +10 points :) NOTICE: !!!Whoever plays around just to get points will be reported!!!
A flight from Barrow to Murmansk would closely follow which lines of longitude?
A.120'W and 60'E
B.150'W and 30'E
C.180'W and 0'
PLZZZ HELP
Answer:
I think the answer is B
Hope this helped :)
Who are the most common users of goods that are produced in market economies? A. people around the world B. those who can afford to pay for them C. those whom the government allows D. mostly family members or community members Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D HELP PLEASE ITS TIMED :((
Answer:
The Answer is D : mostly family members or community members
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Why did you delete my answer last time? I got a warning
At what two points does the North Pole and the South Pole meet?
A.10'W and 120'E
B.30'W and 150'E
C.50'W and 170'E
Answer:
the answer is B
Explanation:
Answer:
B.30'W and 150'E
Explanation:
What do weather and climate have in common?
a Both affect average ocean temperatures.
b Both are averages measured over a long period of time.
c Both apply to a certain region.
d Both change from day to day.
Answer: B
Explanation: I think it's right.
The Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the United States, is an example of a __________.
A.
physical boundary shift
B.
small boundary change
C.
growing stateless nation
D.
drastic boundary change
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer:
D - Drastic boundary change
Explanation:
If a state experiences a drastic boundary change, it is normally due to a revolution, a war, or the collapse of a government system. Drastic changes may also take place because of the exchange of land through a purchase.
Using four or more complete sentences, differentiate between federal and confederate systems of government. help
Answer:
In a federal system, a national government and the state governments share power. In a unitary system, all power lies with the national government, whereas in a confederation, the majority of power rests with the states. In a federal system there is centralized authority, while in a confederal system power is distributed equally among the states.
Explanation: Examples: The United States, Australia, the Federal Republic of Germany. The Commonwealth of Independent States, formerly known as the Soviet Union. Also, Switzerland's canton system and the Confederate States of America (1861-1865).
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**WILL MARK BRAINLIEST**
Answer:
My guy, you only have to read the paragraph, it's "And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary, self-defense."
What happened to Confucianism in China under Mongol rule?
-Confucianism declined in society but gained status in the government.
-Confucianism declined in status in the government and in society.
-Confucianism declined in the government but gained status in society.
-Confucianism increased in status in the government and in society.
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Answer:
Confucianism increased in status in the government and in society.
Explanation:
The United States and Canada are both considered to be multicultural societies because
A. Most of the people in these societies speak more than one language
B. People living in these societies have economic and political freedoms
C. A history of immigration has resulted in several cultures contributing to these societies
D. The American Indian cultures in these societies did not mix with the European cultures
According to the map above, which of the following statements is true?
A. The Middle East is the only region in the world with a large Muslim population.
B. Islam is the most commonly practiced religion in every Middle Eastern country.
C. The majority of people in the Middle East are Muslim.
D. Only one Middle Eastern country has a Muslim population of 50% and above.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer: C
Explanation: Looks like the best answer to me.
romania switched to the allied forces in ww2 becuse they were invaded by
Answer:
Germany
Explanation:
Static electricity _____.
Answer:is the release of negative charge
Explanation:
HEY yeah you the one who saw this question yeah if i give you brainly you make a question and give me some ok. Which sentence gives an opinion?
A) November is the best month of the year.
B) There are 26 letters in the alphabet.
C) It is colder in the winter than in the summer.
D) Dolphins are mammals, not fish. free 50 points and brainly for me and you
Answer:
A is the opinion
Explanation:
all the others are stating something that is factually true, but November isn't factually the best it varies from person to person
A- November is the best month of the year.
Who represented the accused in the witchcraft trials
Answer: There were two primary accusations, one from Abigail Hobbs who during her own confession to witchcraft named Giles and Martha Corey as fellow witches, and one from Exekiell Chevers and John Putnam, Jr., who filed an accusation on behalf of Ann Putnam, Marcy Lewis, Abigail Williams, Mary Walcott and Elizabeth Hubbard.
Answer: None, they represented themselves.
Explanation: According to historyofmassachusetts.org, “During a formal trial, the accused were not represented by lawyers but were allowed to directly ask accusers and witnesses questions. This often did not work out in the accused person’s favor because they were often not educated enough or emotionally equipped enough to defend themselves against the accusation of witchcraft. In addition, the accused often faced overwhelming and easily faked evidence”…”Even if the accused did cross-examine the witness, there wasn’t much they could say to de-bunk these types of claims.” (Brooks, What Options Did an Accused Witch Have in Salem?)
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Answer :this is so confusing sorry can't hel
p you
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Answer:
1. Some places are colder than others or hotter by placement if by a river or more north
2. *I don't really know*
3. Some places have more economic opportunities so there are more people and also depends on the weather if you prefer it colder or warmer.
4. *Your opinion on where u would move based on population, weather, or culture*
5. I think it's because over half of the city's residents were born outside of Canada, making it home to nationalities from around the world.
6. Because it's so famous for maple syrup made from trees in forests helps and the cold winter make it so famous for winter vacations to ski and snowboard
7. Canadian identity refers to the unique culture, characteristics, and condition of being Canadian, as well as the many symbols and expressions that set Canada and Canadians apart from other peoples and cultures of the world.
8. *you type that because you saw the video*
Explanation:
:) yw
In Canada, just as in the United States, voting in an election is considered
A. an illegal act
B. a civic responsibility
C. a requirement by law
D. an act of civil disobedience
Answer:
C
The responsibility of the public or " Civillian Responsibility "
Explanation:
Predict what the moisture content of the air will be like by the time it arrives on the other side of the mountain range.
Answer:
As the air is lifted up the mountain slope, it cools as it rises, which is a process known as "adiabatic cooling." This cooling often results in the formation of clouds, and, eventually, precipitation that falls on the windward slope and at the summit.
Which type of Tropical Climate Zone does not receive enough rainfall to support dense forests?
Answer:
deserts
The driest climates are deserts. Most occur between about 15° and 30° latitude. This is where dry air sinks to the surface in the global circulation cells. Deserts receive less than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of rain per year.
Explanation:
I am applying to a program at my highschool. I have no experience in writing applications. Any advice? Here's the question:
The Globalization Academy is designed to give you a unique worldview through independent and
collaborative learning. What do you expect to learn from the academy? How will you become a
contributing member of the academy?
Answer:
If you have no experience I would just study what the question's talk about and for the question you should expect quality learning. And for the second I would say I would study everyday from morning to night and do whatever the academy will give me and complete.
Amogus
Explanation:
What does this political cartoon reveal about the nation’s commitment to its founding ideals during Reconstruction?
Answer:
New innovations.
Explanation:
New innovations
PLS HELP How were Native Americans affected by the American Revolution?
They were forced to move west of the Mississippi River.
They decided to ally themselves with the Spanish.
They lost much of their land east of the Appalachians.
They refused to take part in the war on either side.
Why is it important for farmers to cultivate their land?
Answer:
allows air water and nutrients deeper in to the soil to the roots
why did people support Equal Opportunity to Govern and why did some people not support it? **PLEASE HELP QUICK!!!**
Answer:
THEY DIDNT LIKE IT
Explanation: