Answer:
The mitotic arrest deficient protein MAD2B (MAD2L2) is a member of a MAD family of proteins and shows 48% similarity to MAD2 (MAD2L1) [1], [2]. Both MAD2 and MAD2B can bind to the anaphase promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C), which is a downstream target of the mitotic spindle checkpoint.MAD (mitotic arrest deficient) are proteins related to spindle cell cycle checkpoint and it is important since they prevent the segregation of sister chromatids until all have bound to the spindle.
The cell cycle ensures the duplication of the genome and its distribution in daughter cells by passing through a coordinated and regulated sequence of events.
A series of checkpoints guarantee the orderly progression of the phases of cell division and the correct distribution of the duplicated genetic material in the daughter cells.
The checkpoints during mitosis are:
At the end of stage G1 and before S.Before anaphase in mitosis.DNA damage checkpoints in G1, S or G2.The checkpoint before anaphase in mitosis guarantees the separation of chromosomes, and operates by activating the Mad2 protein that prevents the degradation of segurin, until the conditions are appropriate.
That is, the Mad2 protein prevents the segregation of sister chromatids until they have all bound to the spindle.
Therefore, we can conclude that MAD (mitotic arrest deficient) are proteins related to spindle cell cycle checkpoint and it is important since they prevent the segregation of sister chromatids until all have bound to the spindle.
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QUESTION: If there was no atmosphere around Earth, how would that impact your life in the planet?
Have you ever wondered what would happen if Earth lost its atmosphere? It's believed that the planet is slowly losing its atmosphere, bit by bit, as it bleeds off into space. But what if Earth instantly lost its atmosphere, all at once? Just how bad would it be? Would people die? Would everything die? Could the planet recover?
What Would Happen?
Here's a breakdown of what could be expected:
It would be silent. Sound requires a medium to transmit waves. You could feel vibrations from the ground, but you wouldn't hear anything.
Birds and planes would fall from the sky. Although we can't see air (except clouds), it has mass that supports flying objects.
The sky would turn black. It's blue because of the atmosphere. You know those pictures taken from the Moon? The Earth's sky would look like that.
All unprotected plant and animal life on the Earth's surface would die. We can't survive long in a vacuum, which is what we'd have if the atmosphere suddenly vanished. It would be much like being "spaced' or shot out of an airlock, except the initial temperature would be higher. Eardrums would pop. Saliva would boil. But you wouldn't die instantly. If you held your breath, your lungs would pop, which would be the quickest (albeit most painful) death. If you exhaled, you'd pass out in about 15 seconds and die in around three minutes. Even if you were handed an oxygen mask, you wouldn't be able to breathe. This is because your diaphragm uses the pressure difference between the air inside your lungs and outside your body to inhale.
Let's say you have a pressure suit and air. You'd live, but you'd get a massive sunburn on exposed skin because the Earth's atmosphere is what filters solar radiation. It's hard to say how much trouble you'd be in from this effect on the dark side of the planet, but being in direct sunlight would be severe.
The rivers, lakes, and oceans would boil. Boiling occurs whenever vapor pressure of a liquid exceeds external pressure. In a vacuum, water readily boils, even if the temperature is warm. You can test this yourself.
Although water would boil, the water vapor would not fully replenish the atmospheric pressure. An equilibrium point would be reached where there would be enough water vapor to prevent the oceans from boiling off. The remaining water would freeze.
Eventually (long after surface life had died), solar radiation would break atmospheric water into oxygen, which would react with carbon on the Earth to form carbon dioxide. The air would still be too thin to breathe.
The lack of atmosphere would chill the Earth's surface. We're not talking absolute zero cold, but the temperature would drop below freezing. Water vapor from the oceans would act as a greenhouse gas, raising the temperature. Unfortunately, the increased temperature would allow more water to transition from the sea into the air, likely leading to a runaway greenhouse effect and making the planet more like Venus than Mars.
Explanation:
Organisms that need air to breathe would die. Plants and land animals would die. Fish would die. Most aquatic organisms would die. However, some bacteria could survive, so losing the atmosphere wouldn't kill all life on Earth. Chemosynthetic bacteria wouldn't even notice the loss of atmosphere.
Volcanoes and geothermal vents would continue to pump out carbon dioxide and other gases to add to the water. The most significant difference between the original and new atmosphere would be the much lower abundance of nitrogen. Earth could replenish some nitrogen from meteor strikes, but most of it would be lost forever.
Could Humans Survive?
There are two ways human beings could survive losing the atmosphere:
Build radiation-shielded domes on the Earth's surface. The domes would need a pressurized atmosphere and would need to support plant life. We would need time to build biodomes, but the result would not be much different from trying to survive on another planet. Water would remain, so there would be a source of oxygen.
Build a dome under the sea. The water could provide pressure and filter out some solar radiation. We wouldn't want to filter out all radiation because we'd probably want to grow plants (though maybe it would be possible to learn some tasty ways to prepare bacteria as food).
how might differences in enzyme concentrations affect rates of photosynthesis and respiration?
Answer:
enzymes are biological catalysts which speed up the rate of biochemical reactions
Increasing the concentration of enzymes would speed up the rate of photosynthesis and respiration due to the fact that the enzyme substrate complex can occur on a much larger scale i.e. more enzymes would be able to bind with more substrates producing more Oxygen in the case of photosynthesis and more ATP in respiration
Decreasing the concentration of enzymes would have the opposite effects
The differences in enzyme concentrations affect rates of photosynthesis and respiration are process accelerators.
What enzymes are involved in photosynthesis?Enzymes such as Rubisco, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase, aldolase and transketolase dominate the control of photosynthesis. Reductive fixation of CO2 requires ATP and NADPH and their concentrations in the stroma increase when chloroplasts are illuminated.
The chemical reactions involved in photosynthesis are controlled by enzymes . The temperature increases the number of collisions increases, therefore the rate of photosynthesis increases. However, at high temperatures, enzymes are denatured and this will decrease the rate of photosynthesis.
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The biological species concept cannot be applied to fossils. Which alternate approach to identifying species would be most useful for classifying fossil organisms? A. an approach based on genetic history B. an approach based on molecular biology C. an approach based on measurable physical traits D. an approach based on use of reproductive barriers
Answer:
C . an approach based on measurable physical traits
What is the difference between structural and compositional layers of the Earth's
interior?
Answer:
The Earth has different compositional and mechanical layers. Compositional layers are determined by their components, while mechanical layers are determined by their physical properties. The outermost solid layer of a rocky planet or natural satellite. The Earth has an outer core (liquid) and an inner core (solid).
Explanation:
hope this helps and have a great day
what is the study of hereditary called?
Answer:
GeneticsExplanation:
Genetics is the study of heredity in generalHOPE IT HELPS!Diploid means having Multiple Choice one homologous set of chromosomes. two chromosomes in each somatic cell. two chromosomes in each gamete. three homologous sets of chromosomes. two homologous sets of chromosomes.
Answer:
A diploid cell have two complete set of chromosomes except the sex cell which is haploid
Explanation:
the somatic are diploid gotten from each perent but in the sex cell it is haploid
During a biology lab you are asked to look at an animal and
a bacterial cell under a microscope and document what
components they both share in common. Which of the
following is NOT a feature that all cells have in common?
1.Dna
2.cell membrane
3.cell wall
4.cytoplasm
Answer:
2. Cell wall
Explanation:
animals and some other organisms don't have cell walls, unlike plants (which has cellulose cell walls), bacteria (which has murein or peptidoglycan cell walls), etc.
Will give brainliet no file plz
Answer: Hey Hi Where is the question??
DNA is coded to RNA, which must travel from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to be read. Why does the cell need to transcribe the DNA into RNA rather than copying the DNA directly?(1 point)
DNA requires too much energy to code; building RNA is more efficient.
DNA cannot be copied; it must be translated to RNA and then back to DNA.
DNA is double stranded and cannot fit through the nuclear membrane; RNA is single stranded.
DNA cannot be read by ribosomes; they can only read RNA.
Answer:DNA is double stranded and cannot fit through the nuclear membrane; RNA is single stranded.
Explanation:
DNA is double stranded and cannot fit through the nuclear membrane; RNA is single stranded. DNA could get damaged because of the osmotic nature of cytoplasm. Therefore, option (C) is correct to mitigate he damage.
What is transcription?The proteins are produced by cells by the transcription and translation of certain genes from their DNA into molecules of messenger RNA (mRNA), chains of amino acids, and finally fully functioning proteins.
The DNA would need to go to the cytoplasm in order to directly make proteins. Because of the osmotic properties of cytoplasm, DNA may become damaged during the translocation process. The cellular machinery does not directly make proteins from DNA in order to reduce the harm.
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Is alfalfa gmo? Yes or no
Answer:
Yes, I'm pretty sure it is. Hopefully, this helps.
Explanation:
Answer:
yee
Explanation:
what structures do human epithelial cells have in common with elodea cells
Answer:
They both have a cell membrane,nucleus and cytoplasm.
Explanation:
what plant cell organelle performs photosynthesis?
Natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, nonrandom mating, and gene flow are all mechanisms of ______ and can change allele frequencies in populations.
They are all mechanisms of Evolution and can change allele frequencies in populations
Natural selection, mutation, genetic drift and gene flow are all capable of causing varying changes in allele frequencies in a population. and these changes leads to the violation of Hardy-Weinberg assumptions
Hardy-Weinberg assumption states that; for a population to experience an unchanged allele frequencies, certain conditions must be met by the population such as ; absence of natural, random mating , absence of migration and absence of mutation.
Hence we can conclude that Natural selection , mutation, genetic drift and gene flow are all mechanisms of Evolution and can change allele frequencies in populations
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An ocean pH change from 8.2 to 8.0 is NOT significant as the .2 change is very small.
So far, the ocean's pH has dropped from about 8.2 in preindustrial times to around 8.05. This seemingly small change may already be affecting ocean organisms and future CO2 emissions could lower ocean pH even further
NEED IT ASAP!!! Which statement about the specific immune response is FALSE?
Clonal selection creates short-lived effector cells to destroy the specific antigen.
Clonal selection produces memory cells that are long-lived and can recognize the antigen in the future.
It takes about two weeks for memory cells to respond to an antigen.
The maximum response from effector cells takes about two weeks after the first time the body has been exposed to an antigen.
Memory cells divide to produce effector cells when they are exposed to their specific antigen.
Answer:
The answer is: Clonal selection produces memory cells that are long-lived and can recognize the antigen in the future.
Explanation:
Any Two adaptational Features of catus plant
Answer:
(i) It has long roots that go deep inside the soil for absorbing water.
(ii) Its leaves are in the form of spines to prevent water loss through transpiration.
Which type of fracture usually requires surgery?
*Hip fracture correct
Answer:
b. Hip fracture
Explanation: is correct
the blood pressure in the large systemic arteries is greatest during:
Answer:
when blood is pumped out of the heart into the arteries.
Explanation:
Hope its help you!!
A major role of _________ receptors (part of the somatic nervous system) is to help us learn about the environment around us or about the state of our internal environment.
glial cells that surround the neurons in ganglia are:
Answer:
Explanation:
Satellite cells are small glia that surround neurons' sensory ganglia in the ANS. These resemble the astrocytes of the CNS and assist in regulating the external chemical environment. PNS satellite glia are very sensitive to injury and may exacerbate pathological pain.
Glial cells surrounding the neurons of neurons are satellite cells.
What are the functions of glial cells?Glial cells are a type of cell that provide physical and chemical support to neurons and maintain their environment. Located in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Glial cells outnumber neurons in the brain and outnumber them by a ratio of 3:1. Although glial cells also have complex processes extending from their cell bodies, they are generally smaller than neurons and lack axons and dendrites.
Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath around axons. Astrocytes supply neurons with nutrients, maintain their extracellular environment and provide structural support. Microglia clear pathogens and dead cells.
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how to call repudiation
Answer:
can arise where a party indicates an intention to perform in connection with a contract but only in a manner substantially inconsistent with its obligations
The oldest of Hawaii's volcanic islands are those that
The oldest of Hawaii's volcanic islands are those that are the farthest distance from the hotspot.
Hope this helps!
Answer:
The oldest of Hawaii's volcanic islands are those that are the farthest distance from the hotspot.
Walking through a forest you
encounter fallen leaves, dead
organisms, a rotting stump. All of
these can be described as
A. autotrophs.
B. primary consumers.
C. trophic levels.
D. detritus.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
D is really decomposing waste of anytime so I think that’s the answer.
In a forest fallen leaves, dead organisms, a rotting stump. All of these can be described as detritus, hence option D is correct.
What are detritus in the ecosystem?Detritus is a term used in ecology to describe organic stuff that comes from nearby terrestrial populations and falls onto the soil or into bodies of water, including leaves and other plant parts, animal remains, waste products, and other organic trash.
Detritivorous invertebrates, which are prominent elements of almost all ecosystems, eat detritus, which is a significant pool of carbon in the global carbon cycle.
Therefore, detritus food chains, in contrast to terrestrial food chains, begin with dead organic materials rather than producers or autotrophs, hence option D is correct.
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What are the primary elements of the nervous system responsible for analyzing and transmitting information
Answer:
Neurons
Explanation:
Neurons are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, the cells responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, for sending motor commands to our muscles, and for transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step in between. Hope this helps :)
One way that antibiotics can treat bacterial disease without harming human cells is by:
PLEASE HELP QUICKLY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Which of the following best describes how you know the matter that makes up the sequoia tree comes from your answer in the previous question.
A. All the energy comes from the sun, so it would make sense that any matter we get would also come ultimately from the sun. Without the sun, no photosynthesis would happen
B. Water and carbon dioxide supply us with the matter and they are the inputs for photosynthesis, and everything starts with photosynthesis
C. Our bodies are made of over 90% water, so we essentially are water which is an input for photosynthesis
D. We are made of carbon-based molecules and that carbon needs to come from somewhere, so the carbon comes from the glucose we eat which came from the carbon dioxide.
E. Glucose is eaten by us which is then used to build oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules that will get released back into the air. We are able to make air which is an example of matter/mass in our biosphere
I know it's either D or E
Answer:
D
Explanation:
My intuition told me so
What forms in the areas where oceanic plates diverge and new seafloor is created? (3 points)
Abyssal plains
Continental shelf
Continental slope
Mid-ocean ridge
Answer:
A mid ocean ridge is your answer
Explanation:Divergent boundaries in the middle of the ocean contribute to seafloor spreading. As plates made of oceanic crust pull apart, a crack in the ocean floor appears. Magma then oozes up from the mantle to fill in the space between the plates, forming a raised ridge called a mid-ocean ridge.
the answer is mid ocean ridge
PLEASE HELP
Which of these contain
DNA and/or RNA?
Answer:
dna and rna
Explanation:
DNA is a double-stranded molecule, while RNA is a single-stranded molecule. ... DNA and RNA perform different functions in humans. DNA is responsible for storing and transferring genetic information, while RNA directly codes for amino acids and acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes to make proteins.Feb 2, 2020
Which of the following best describes hematuria?
the correct answer is *Blood in the urine
If this site wants unproven or incorrect answers and deletes correct answers with proof, then wow.
Answer:
Blood in the urine is correct
Explanation:
Gender roles and gender stereotypes are
A. the same thing.
B. decided on by individuals.
C. decided on by society.
D. more important than a person's gender identity.
E. Other: