Answer:
It is extremely useful for terrestrial organisms because it allows them to use their hindlimbs efficiently for locomotion on land. Since the aquatic ancestors of fishes and tetrapods had no such connection, one might guess that this feature first evolved serving the function of enabling terrestrial locomotion.
Answer: When the land animals began to use the fins for standing and walking, the girdle bones had to become stronger to support the body on the legs. These bones eventually became the femur (upper leg bone) and humerus (upper arm bone) of the tetrapods
The part of the zygote that ultimately grows into the embryo, rather than the support structures.
Embryoblast (Inner cell mass) is the part of the zygote that grows into the embryo.
The blastocyst, a formation that develops weeks after conception, contains the inner cell mass. In summary, a sperm cell first enters an egg cell. The first fertilized egg has now merged with the first sperm cell to form a zygote (a single diploid cell). The zygote then cleaves, resulting in the 16-celled morula structure. The morula keeps cleaving, finally forming a blastocyst with an external trophoblast layer and an internal cell mass. The embryo develops from the inner cell mass. Finally, the embryo is referred to as a fetus around 8 weeks after the initial egg cell was fertilized since it continues to generate new cells.
The bilaminar embryonic disc (germ disc) is a two-layered structure that develops from the embryoblast's inner cell mass. The development of a fetus is a cell division-driven process with several stages defined by unique structures formed as the beginning zygote progresses through several cleavage cycles.
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starting with one molecule of glucose, compare the amount of atp made in aerobic vs anaerobic respiration.
Which organism is able to cause an infection?
A
skin cell
B
white blood cell
C
bacteria
D
red blood cell
Answer:
Bacteria
Explanation:
Bacteria is the only one that causes an infection. The others do not.
Answer:
bacteria
Explanation:
Red blood cells transport oxygen to respiring cells
white blood cells protect the body against diseases
skin cell are basically just normal cells but bacteria causes infection and sickness
What does it mean
when a cell is in an
ISOTONIC solution
Answer:
There will be no net movement of water into or out of the cell, and the volume of the cell will be constant.
Explanation:
When a cell is immersed in an isotonic solution, there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell, and the volume of the cell remains constant. If the concentration of solutes outside the cell is the same as the concentration inside the cell and the solutes cannot enter the membrane, the solution is isotonic to the cell.
It means there will be no net flow of water going in or out of the cell.
Type the correct answer In each box.
Use numerals Instead of words.
A force of 25 newtons moves a box a distance of 4 meters In 5 seconds. 5
The work done on the box Is
Nm, and the power S
Nm/S.
Reset
Next
Refer to the answer below for the question:
Force = 25 N
Distance = 4 m
Time = 5 s
WorkThe formula for work done is,
Work (W) = F x s
where,
F = force applied
s = displacement of the object
Therefore, the work done by the box will be,
Work = 25 N x 4m = 100 Nm
PowerThe formula for power is,
Power = W / Δt
where,
W = work done
Δt = time taken to do the work
Therefore, the resultant power required to move the box will be,
Power = 100 Nm / 5 s = 20 Nm/s.
Hence the answers are, work = 100 Nm and power = 20 Nm/s.
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9. Write the chemical equation for the process of photosynthesis.
Answer:
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Explanation:
bam
Why don't birds get electrocuted when they land on an electric wire? Pls answer, will give 20 points.
A bird just sitting on a wire doesn't touch the ground, or anything in contact with the ground, so electricity stays in the power line. However, if a bird were to touch a power line as well as equipment or other metal that is grounded, it could potentially give electricity a path to the ground and the bird could be shocked.
When a bird is perched on a single wire, its two feet are at the same electrical potential, so the electrons in the wires have no motivation to travel through the bird’s body. No moving electrons means no electric current. The bird is safe, however if that bird stretches out a wing or a leg and touches a second wire, especially one with a different electrical potential, it will open a path for the electrons — right through the bird’s body.
Power lines carry alternating currents or AC where the electric current regularly changes direction. Over time the voltage alternates between positive and negative indicating the direction of voltage flow. Voltage is the difference in charge between two points, whilst current, measured in amperes, or amps, is the rate at which the charge is flowing. The number of cycles per second is measured in Hertz (Hz) and average power lines have a frequency of 50 Hz. Because the voltage in the wire is constantly changing, the voltage of a bird sitting on a wire is also changing. In other words, the bird is constantly being charged and discharged through its feet.
The other thing we need to think about is the capacitance of the bird. This is the ability of the bird to collect and store electric charge. Because birds are very small and shaped a bit like spheres, they can’t store much electric charge. In fact, when a bird sits on a 50 Hz power line it can only carry a current in the order of microamps (μA), or 0.00000001 amps.
So although the bird does have a current running through its body, it is too small to electrocute it or even give it an electric shock. For comparison, a current of about 10 milliamps (0.01 amp) is enough to produce a painful shock in humans, and electrocution is possible from about 50 milliamps. We don’t know whether birds perched on power lines can feel the current going through their bodies. Perhaps they enjoy the buzzing sensation that they may be feeling and perhaps this explains why you don’t often see big birds, with a larger capacity, sitting on power lines.
A bird is also made of cells and tissues. These cells and tissues do not provide the electricity in the wire with an easier route to travel than the one it is already on. Because a bird's body is not a good conductor of electricity, the electricity essentially ignores the bird on the wire and continues to travel along the copper wiring to its destination. In fact, humans would also be able to not be shocked by a power line if we hung suspended from the power line with both of our hands on the line and no other grounding objects around us.
Answer:
bird's don't get electrocuted when they land on electric wire because their legs don't have blood
Which part of a cell synthesises proteins?
Answer:
Ribosomes are the sites in the cellsell in which protein synthesis takes place.
No exceptions to the central dogma exist. Rna is always transcribed from dna, and rna is translated to produce proteins. True or false?.
The statement 'no exceptions to the central dogma exist. RNA is always transcribed from DNA, and RNA is translated to produce proteins' is false.
Central dogma can be described as a process in which information from the DNA is converted into mRNA which in turn makes proteins. The process of making mRNA from DNA is referred to as transcription. The process of translating the mRNA into an amino acid sequence for the formation of proteins is referred to as translation.
When the retroviruses were discovered, an exception in the central dogma was observed. Retroviruses could change information from RNA to DNA through reverse transcriptase. Hence, the idea that DNA always changes into RNA is not correct as, in some cases like the retrovirus, RNA can convert into DNA.
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Each myosin protein has a globular head that extends outward from the myosin filament. True or false?.
True: Each myosin protein has a globular head that extends outwards from the myosin filament.
Actin and myosin are the two types of proteins found in every kind of muscle cell or tissue. The thick filament is called myosin and the thin filament is called actin. The myosin and actin filament slide over one another to cause movements. The globular head of the myosin proteins in the myosin filament is extended outwards to facilitate the binding of actins.
The myosin filament in muscles consists of two heavy chains and two pairs of light chains. Each heavy chain consists of two parts: globular head region and ∝-helical tail. The globular heads of the myosin bind actin and form a cross-bridge between the thick and thin filaments. Myosin heads also bind and hydrolyze ATP to derive the energy required for sliding.
The globular head of the myosin protein is extended outward from the individual filament to facilitate actin binding.
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9. Explain the benefits and
limitations of each
type of scientific investigation.
The benefits and limitations of each type of scientific investigation are listed below:-
Benefits:-
A descriptive investigation is concerned more about observations related to natural systems which are recorded through a systematic method of data collection. A comparative investigation do not essentially require control variables since it is not carried in a laboratory.An experimental investigation tends to study the 'cause' and 'effect' relationship between two variables through the use of control variables in order to maintain a constant environment.Limitations:-
A descriptive investigation fails to compare the data collected and establish a causal relationship between the variables.A comparative investigation fails to control the variables that are present naturally and might affect the research.An experimental investigation may sometimes fail to explain real-life incidents since they are based on a hypothesis.To learn more about descriptive investigation here
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dysregulated crtc1 activity is a novel component of pge2 signaling that contributes to colon cancer growth
The correct answer is CRTC1 its significance of its dysregulation in colon cancer because of its predominant expression in the brain .
CRTC1 transcriptional activity is mediated by EP1 and EP2 receptor signalling, as well as subsequent calcineurin and protein kinase A activation. In colon cancer cell lines, in vitro CRTC1 loss of function was associated with decreased viability and cell division rate, as well as increased chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in response to PGE2. CRTC1 stable overexpression, on the other hand, significantly increased colonic xenograft tumour growth, demonstrating the role of CRTC1 signalling in colon cancer progression. The discovery of the transcriptional programme activated by increased CRTC1 expression during colonic carcinogenesis revealed several notable pro-tumorigenic CRTC1 target genes, including NR4A2, COX2, amphiregulin (AREG), and IL-6. Finally, we show that CRTC1-induced COX2, AREG, and IL-6 promoter activities are dependent on functional AP1 and CREB transcriptional partners.
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vacuolation in the human cerebral cortex and its relationship to the interval between death and autopsy and to synapse numbers: an electronmicroscopic study
The discussion of vacuolation in the human cerebral cortex and its relationship to the interval between death and autopsy and to synapse numbers: an electronmicroscopic study is written in the paragraph below-
Electron micrographs of material acquired up to 69 hours post-mortem from people with no known neurological abnormalities were used to evaluate vacuolation in the human cerebral cortex resulting from swelling of cell processes after death. Vacuolation was shown to considerably rise up to 30-35 hours after death before declining. The number of discernible synapses decreased significantly along with this alteration, which was likely caused by compression brought on by the vacuolation rather than post-mortem disintegration.
What is cerebral cortex?The outermost layer of the brain, known as the cerebral cortex, is responsible for our sharpest mental talents. Between 14 and 16 billion neurons can be found in the cerebral cortex, which is predominantly constituted of grey matter (neural tissue made of neurons).
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The biggest difference between channel proteins and carrier proteins, is that...
A. channel proteins can also allow much larger particles to cross the membrane than carrier proteins can.
B. carrier proteins are usually very narrow and takes on a specific shapes, and channel proteins change shape.
C. channel proteins require movement, unlike carrier proteins.
D. unlike channel proteins, carrier proteins do not create a continuous open passage all the way through the membrane.
The biggest difference between channel proteins and carrier proteins, is that unlike channel proteins, carrier proteins do not create a continuous open passage all the way through the membrane. That is option D.
What are protein transporters?Protein transporters are those molecules found on or within the cell membrane that helps in the transportation of ions in and out of a cell.
Examples of protein transporters include the following:
Channel proteins: These are the protein transporters that penetrates through the cell membrane thereby allowing the flow of ions in and out of the cell through the process of diffusion.Carrier proteins: These are protein transporters that are located on the surface of a cell membrane without penetrating through it.Therefore, the biggest difference between channel proteins and carrier proteins, is that unlike channel proteins, carrier proteins do not create a continuous open passage all the way through the membrane.
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A bus starts from rest position gain the final velocity 240 m/s² and what will be its acceleration.
A _______ is a basic unit of hereditary information. It contains a specific segment of DNA that influences a particular trait or group of traits.
A.
nucleus
B.
gamete
C.
genome
D.
gene
[tex]{\huge{\red{\sf{D. \ GENE}}}}[/tex]
Answer:
D
Explanation:
my answer is thiswkwkwkwkwkwk
maskless writing of microfluidics rapid prototyping of 3d microfluidics using scratch on a polymer substrate
Maskless writing of microfluidics rapid prototyping of 3d microfluidics using scratch on a polymer substrate
It is presented as a new rapid prototyping method built for simple fabrication of 3D microfluidics by use of a maskless direct writing technique on polymer substrates.
The whole process is capabled by a commercial cutter plotter with 10 μm resolution accuracy and high speed.
A CAD design of top and bottom microstructures is straightly written on a polymer substrate using a cutter plotter after setting up the compatible force. The modest channel width of 20 μm was received with the minimum force and 100 μm from the maximum. Also the written profound increased linearly with force from 30 to 130 μm.
Several 3D microfluidic devices are illustrated using a maskless writing technique. The whole manufacturing process from CAD layout to a final 3D device can be completed in 30 min outside the clean room facilities.
These results illustrated maskless fabrication of 3D microfluidic devices with controlled microstructure patterning appropriate for many polymer substrates. The technique is competent of fabricating microfludic devices with microchannels as small as 20 μm wide and 30 μm deep in less than 30 min.To know more about polymer visit : https://brainly.com/question/14600435
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You’ve now seen that earth’s varying distance cannot be the cause of our seasons. So what is the cause of the seasons?.
Axis of the earth is inclined to its orbital plane. This is the axis around which it spins. This triggers the change of the seasons.
When the earth faces the sun, it is summer in the parts facing the sun. When the axis of the globe is facing away, winter is to be expected. Due to the axis' 23 1/2-degree tilt, the North Pole never points exactly at the Sun, but rather as close as it can during the summer solstice and as far away during the winter solstice. In the midpoint between these two phases, spring, the earth's rotational axis is 90 degrees away from the sun. This shows that there are 12 hours in each day and night on this particular date.Why does our weather matter because of the tilt of the Earth's axis?
Each square centimeter of the earth receives more light (and heat) while the sun is overhead since it is dropping directly on you. Less heat can be absorbed (per square centimeter) when the sun is lower in the sky because the light is more evenly distributed over the earth's surface. The sun is higher when you are on the portion of the earth where the axis points more towards the sun and lower when you are on the part of the earth where the axis points away from the sun because of the tilt of the earth's axis.Hence the answer is inclination of earth's axis.
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Two separate polypeptide chains are most commonly covalently linked to each other through.
Two separate polypeptide chains are most commonly covalently linked to each other through disulfide bonds.
A peptide is two or more amino acids that are held together with the help of peptide bonds
A protein chain has two ends: one is the amino terminus (positively charged) and the other one is the carboxy terminus (negatively charged).
Disulfide bonds which are mostly found between the sulfur-containing side chains of cysteines contribute to the formation of the tertiary structure of proteins.
These bonds act like safety pins as they keep the different polypeptide chains held together firmly and give a shape to the protein folding.
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In the tca cycle, gtp or atp is produced during the conversion of ______________.
Answer: succinyl group to succinate
a rapidly labeled rna fraction of the nucleolus has been isolated and partially characterized. this rna component appears to be a precursor of transfer rna
A rapidly labeled RNA fraction of the nucleolus has been isolated and partially characterized. This RNA component appears to be a precursor of transfer RNA.
It contains neither pseudouridine nor methylated bases, and is unable to form amino acyl RNA.
Therefore , it resembles transfer RNA in base composition and molecular weight also serves as a substrate for in vitro methylation to a greater extent than transfer RNA.
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invertebrates and fish that eat dead organic matter will be most abundant in the of freshwater lakes.
Invertebrates and fish that eat dead organic matter will be most abundant in the benthic zone of freshwater lakes.
In a marine water body, the most lowest zone in terms of ecology is called benthic zone. It name comes from the Greek letter βένθος which means 'depths'.
In this zone, sediments lay down at floor of the sea and provide essential nutrients and minerals to the organisms living in this zone.
Benthic zone, also referred to as ecological zone, possesses peculiar characteristics such as high pressure and low temperature.
The sediments of this zone recycle the nutrients and help in the survival of aquatic organisms.
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henke vg, bateman bt, leffert lr. focused review: spinal anesthesia in severe pre-eclampsia. anesth analg. 2013 sep;117(3):686-93.
A form of neuraxial anesthesia known as spinal anesthesia involves injecting local anesthetic (LA) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the lumbar spine in order to numb the nerves that leave the spinal cord.
What does the study indicate?As long as there is no indwelling epidural catheter or neuraxial anesthesia contraindication, spinal anesthesia is generally regarded as a reasonable anesthetic choice for cesarean delivery in severe preeclampsia. Those with severe preeclampsia experience spinal-induced hypotension less frequently and with less severity than healthy parturients. Although spinal anesthetic may result in more hypotension than epidural anesthesia in cases of severe preeclampsia, this hypotension is often manageable, transient, and unrelated to clinically meaningful differences in outcomes.Learn more about the Pre-eclampsia with the help of the given link:
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emily has epilepsy. based on the textbook's discussion of neurotransmitters, emily should avoid foods made with: please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices dopamine. serotonin. monosodium glutamate. acetylcholine.
Emily should avoid foods made with monosodium glutamate.
We can define epilepsy as a kind of disorder in which the brain undergoes multiple seizures. The electrical functioning of the brain keeps on being affected which results in multiple seizures.
A person's consciousness, changes in movement and sensations can all be altered by epilepsy.
The common triggers that enhance for epilepsy are stress, lack of sleep, alcohol etc. In some people, monosodium glutamate that is often found in canned foods and artificial sweeteners can trigger epilepsy. Hence, as Emily is suffering from epilepsy, she should avoid foods made with monosodium glutamate.
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38. Based on their characteristics, soils are classified into orders. Give the order for each of the different types of soils:
new soils that have recently formed, often by flooding
older, heavily weathered soils
prairie soils
woodland soils
Soil Taxonomy classifies soils at the most fundamental level into one of 12 groups known as "orders."
New soils that have recently formed, often by flooding - Entisols Older, heavily weathered soils - Ultisols Prairie soils - Mollisols Woodland soils - AlfisolsThese orders of soil in Soil Taxonomy each represent a collection of soils with unique traits and ecological importance. The soil classification/Soil Taxonomy system has multiple degrees of information, from the most basic to the most intricate, just as the classification systems for plants and animals.
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the eyeless gene is required for eye formation in drosophila. it encodes a homeodomain. a. what would you predict about the biochemical function of the eyeless protein? b. where would you predict that the eyeless gene is expressed in development? c. the small eye and aniridia genes of mice and humans, respectively, encode proteins with very strong sequence similarity to the fly eyeless protein, and they are named for their effects on eye development. devise one test to examine whether the mouse and human genes are functionally equivalent to the fly eyeless gene.
According to the given statement:
a:- Potential use for its protein is as a DNA-binding transcription factor that binds to specific DNA sequences.
b:- It is possible to do gene deletion experiments to see if Drosophila will retain its eyes or go blind.
c:-Transgenic tests can be used to determine whether the Small eye and Aniridia genes function similarly to the fly eyeless gene.
Briefing:In Drosophila, the eyeless gene is necessary for the development of eyes. Given that it encodes for a homeodomain, its protein may have a role as a transcription factor that binds DNA in a specific sequence. In situ hybridization can be used to study the gene's mRNA expression pattern, and immunological methods can be used to study the protein.
A. Since the eyeless gene in Drosophila encodes for a homeodomain, one potential use for its protein is as a DNA-binding transcription factor that binds to specific DNA sequences.
B. As implied by its function, the eyeless gene should be expressed in the Drosophila cells in charge of eye formation. In situ hybridization of the gene's mRNA expression is one potential test to find the gene. The protein can also be seen via a variety of immunological and staining methods. It is possible to do gene deletion experiments to see if Drosophila will retain its eyes or go blind. Additionally, genetic engineering can determine whether the eyeless gene expressed in other organs can result in the creation of eyes.
C. Transgenic tests can be used to determine whether the Small eye and Aniridia genes function similarly to the fly eyeless gene. Since both of these function as master switches for the genes that create eyes, it is possible to transfer the mouse Small eye gene into Drosophila to observe whether it is expressed. These, however, are simply Drosophila eyes and not comparable to mouse eyes.
Describe DNA:All known organisms, including many viruses, require deoxyribonucleic acid, a polymer comprised of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to create a double helix, to develop, function, grow, and reproduce. DNA and ribonucleic acid are examples of nucleic acids.
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cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal co-morbidities in covid-19 patients: a systematic-review and meta-analysis
By meta-analysis, it was found that cardiovascular, renal, cerebrovascular, and comorbidities in COVID-19 patients increase their severity and age may not play any role in this.
More than thirty-five million people have been infected by COViD-19. Diseases such as kidney diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension were seen as COVID-19 increasing factors. Various studies have been conducted to know whether age is a related factor to increased mortality and the relation between COVID-19 and co-morbidities.
The reports of different COVID-19 patients with different co-morbidities were collected and carefully analyzed. It was observed that most of the deceased patients were suffering from hypertension, followed by cardiovascular diseases and cerebrospinal diseases. It was concluded that only to some extent age contributes factor to the increased risk.
Thus, by meta-analysis, it was found that cardiovascular, renal, cerebrovascular, and comorbidities in COVID-19 patients increase their severity, and age may not play a role in this.
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Which group of organisms contains no representative species that are known to fix nitrogen?.
Eubacteria group of organisms contains no representative species that are known to fix nitrogen.
Are microorganisms that fix nitrogen present all plants?It is known that some members of all major plant groups, as well as some fungi, can form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Although nitrogen-fixing bacteria have been found in animals, such as termite stomachs, there is still debate over the importance of these organisms to their hosts.
Eukaryotes are organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. There is a wide range of eukaryotic organism, including all animals , plants , fungi , and Protists as well as most algae.
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Redwood trees are among the tallest trees in the world, reaching more than 110 meters in height. Which property of water causes it to be transported up to the top of a redwood tree?.
Although Redwood trees are very tall, reaching 110 meters in height, water can still get to the top of the Redwood tree because of the following properties of water: cohesion and adhesion.
The water molecule is polar. This is because a water molecule has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on another side. Thus, the partial negative side of one water molecule gets attracted to the partial positive side of another water molecule. This attraction is called hydrogen bond.
The hydrogen bond in water is responsible for most of the properties of water, including cohesion and adhesion. The polar water molecule is not only attracted to other water molecules, but it's also attracted to the molecules of other substances that are polar. The process whereby water molecules stick to one another is called cohesion, and the process whereby water molecules stick to other substances is called adhesion.
Redwood trees transport water using vessels called xylem. The walls of the xylem vessels are polar; hence, adhesion occurs on the walls of the vessel, while cohesion occurs between the water molecules in the xylem. This enables water to climb up the xylem vessels in the Redwood tree from the root all the way to the leaves. This process is also called capillary action.
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Answer:
B (cohesive behavior)
Explanation:
give a definition for the term "homology". what are two examples of homologous characteristics that today’s whales share with other mammals? why would the sleek shape of whales and their fins be analogous, and not homologous, to those of fish?
The link between DNA or structures descended from the most recent common ancestor is known as homology.
For Example, Two prominent examples of homologous structures in evolutionary biology are the arms of primates and bats. Even though these two structures don't function or look like their most recent common ancestor, they are connected genetically. This means that a species' homologous traits may be accounted for by the fact that they have a common ancestor.
Flippers of Whale resembles with the Bat wing and the forelimb of human.
The whale fins help in swimming, bat wings help in flying, and the human forelimb helps in other normal works
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