We can measure the profits earned by a firm in a competitive industry as its economic profit. Economic profit is the difference between a firm's total revenue and the total opportunity cost of producing the goods or services.
Opportunity cost refers to the value of the next best alternative that is foregone when choosing to produce a particular good or service.In a competitive industry, economic profits are typically driven down to zero in the long run due to the existence of many firms competing for the same customers. This is because new firms are attracted to the industry when profits are high, which increases competition and drives down prices until profits are no longer above normal.
By measuring a firm's economic profit, we can determine if it is earning more than just the normal rate of profit in the economy. If a firm is earning economic profits, it indicates that it has a competitive advantage over its rivals and is able to generate more revenue than the cost of producing its goods or services.
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You are surveying a piece of your land to plant raspberry bushes and want to know the number of acres you
will be using. You partition off 10 rows, each of which are 66 inches wide and 1,214 feet long. What is the
area of this partitioned land, to the nearest hundredth of an acro?
The area of this partitioned land is 1.533 acres.
To solve this, first convert the measurements into feet.
Each row is 66 inches, which is equal to 5.5 feet.
Therefore, Each row = 5.5 x 1214
Each row = 6,677 feet
To calculate the area, we can multiply the number of rows (10) by the length of each row (6,677).
Therefore, the area of the partitioned land = 10 x 6,677
The area of the partitioned land = 66,770 square feet
To convert this to acres, we can divide the number of square feet by 43,560 (the number of square feet in an acre).
Therefore, 66,770/43,560 = 1.533 acres.
Finally, we can round this to the nearest hundredth of an acre, which is 1.533 acres.
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Vortex Company operates a retail store with two departments. Information about those departments follows. Department A Department B Sales $ 800,000 $ 450,000 Cost of goods sold 497,000 291,000 Direct expenses: Salaries 125,000 88,000 Insurance 20,000 10,000 Utilities 24,000 14,000 Depreciation 21,000 12,000 Maintenance 7,000 5,000 The company also incurred the following indirect costs. Salaries $36,000 Insurance 6,000 Depreciation 15,000 Office expenses 50,000 Indirect costs are allocated as follows: salaries on the basis of sales; insurance and depreciation on the basis of square footage; and office expenses on the basis of number of employees. Additional information about the departments follows. Department Square footage Number of employees A 28,000 75 B 12,000 50 Required: 1. Determine the departmental contribution to overhead and the departmental net income for department A and Department B. 2. Should Department B be eliminated
Net income is the difference between a company's total revenues and total expenses, after accounting for all costs of doing business. It is an important metric used to measure the profitability of a company over a period of time, typically a fiscal quarter or year.
Departmental Contribution to Overhead and Departmental Net Income:
Department A:
Sales: $800,000
Cost of goods sold: $497,000
Direct expenses: $267,000
Contribution to overhead: ($800,000 - $497,000 - $267,000) = $36,000
Indirect expenses: (Salaries: $22,500 + Insurance: $3,000 + Depreciation: $9,000 + Office expenses: $25,000) = $59,500
Departmental net income: $36,000 - $59,500 = ($23,500)
Department B:
Sales: $450,000
Cost of goods sold: $291,000
Direct expenses: $119,000
Contribution to overhead: ($450,000 - $291,000 - $119,000) = $40,000
Indirect expenses: (Salaries: $13,500 + Insurance: $1,500 + Depreciation: $6,000 + Office expenses: $25,000) = $46,000
Departmental net income: $40,000 - $46,000 = ($6,000)
Whether Department B should be eliminated or not depends on various factors such as strategic fit, market demand, customer preferences, and profitability. Based on the given information, Department B has a negative net income, which means it is not contributing to the overall profitability of the company. However, it is important to consider the potential long-term impact of eliminating a department on the company's reputation, employee morale, and customer loyalty. A detailed analysis of the costs and benefits of eliminating Department B is required before making a decision.
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The electric vehicle manufacturing company Tesla estimates that a driver who commutes 50 miles per day in a Model S will require a nightly charge time of around 1 hour and 45 minutes (105 minutes) to recharge the vehicle's battery (Tesla company website). Assume that the actual recharging time required is uniformly distributed between 90 and 120 minutes. A. Give a mathematical expression for the probability density function of battery recharging time for this scenario. 1 A. F(x) = for 90 < x < 120 30 0 elsewhere - { B. F(x) = 1 15 0 for 90 < x < 120 elsewhere re- {8 1 for 90 < x < 105 C. F() = 15 0 elsewhere The correct answer is: - Select your answer b. What is the probability that the recharge time will be less than 110 minutes (to 3 decimals)? c. What is the probability that the recharge time required is at least 100 minutes (to 3 decimals)? d. What is the probability that the recharge time required is between 95 and 110 minutes (to 3 decimals)?
The probability density function for this situation is F(x)=1/30 for 90
In this scenario, the charging time follows a uniform distribution and lies between 90 and 120 minutes. This means that each interval of charging time between 90 and 120 minutes is equally probable.
The probability density function for a uniform distribution is given by 1/(b-a), where a and b are the lower and upper limits, respectively. Therefore, the probability density function for this case should be F(x)=1/(120-90) = 1/30 for 90
To answer the rest of the questions:
b. The probability that the recharge time will be less than 110 minutes is given by the formula (x - a)/(b - a), for a<=x<=b. Plugging into this formula, we have (110 - 90)/(120 - 90) = 0.667.c. The probability that the recharge time is at least 100 minutes is given by 1 - the probability that the recharge time is less than 100 minutes. The result is 1 - (100 - 90)/(120 - 90) = 0.667. d. The probability that the recharge time is between 95 and 110 minutes is obtained by subtracting the probability that the recharge time is less than 95 minutes from the probability that the recharge time is less than 110 minutes. This gives (110 - 90)/(120 - 90) - (95 - 90)/(120 - 90) = 0.500.These calculations enable us to understand the probability associated with the charging times of this electric vehicle.
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Kimble, Sykes, and Gerard open an accounting practice on January 1, 2019, in Chicago, Illinois, to be operated as a partnership. Kimble and Sykes will serve as the senior partners because of their years of experience. To establish the business, Kimble, Sykes, and Gerard contribute cash and other properties valued at $208,000, $180,000, and $92,000, respectively. An articles of partnership agreement is drawn up stipulating the following:
a. Personal drawings are allowed annually up to an amount equal to 10 percent of the partner’s beginning capital balance for the year.
b. Profits and losses are allocated according to the following plan:
1. Each partner receives an annual salary allowance of $55 per billable hours worked.
2. Interest is credited to the partners’ capital accounts at the rate of 12 percent of the beginning capital balance for the year.
3. Kimble and Sykes are eligible for an annual bonus of 10 percent of net income after subtracting the bonus, salary allowance, and interest. The agreement also states that there will be no bonus if there is a net loss or if salary and interest result in a negative remainder of net income to be distribution.
4. Any remaining partnership profit or loss is to be divided evenly among all partners.
On January 1, 2020, the partners admit Nichols to the partnership. Nichols contributes cash directly to the business in an amount equal to a 25 percent interest in the book value of the partnership property subsequent to this contribution. The partnership profit and loss sharing agreement is not altered upon Nichols’ entrance into the firm; the general provisions continue to be applicable. The billable hours for the partners during the first three years of operation follow:
2019 2020 2021
Kimble 1,700 1,800 1,880
Sykes. 1,440 1,500 1,620
Gerard. 1,300 1,380 1,310
Nichols -0- 1,560 1,550
The partnership reports net income (loss) for 2019 through 2021 as follows:
2019. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $282,000
2020. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (12,400)
2021. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477,000
Each partner withdraws the maximum allowable amount each year.
a. Prepare schedules that allocate each year’s net income to the partners (to the nearest dollar).
b. Prepare in appropriate form a statement of partners’ capital for the year ending December 31, 2021. 30. A partnership
a. To allocate each year's net income to the partners, we need to follow the profit and loss sharing plan stipulated in the articles of partnership agreement.
For 2019:
- Kimble's salary allowance: 1,700 x $55 = $93,500
- Sykes's salary allowance: 1,440 x $55 = $79,200
- Gerard's salary allowance: 1,300 x $55 = $71,500
- Interest credited to Kimble's capital account: 12% x $208,000 = $24,960
- Interest credited to Sykes's capital account: 12% x $180,000 = $21,600
- Interest credited to Gerard's capital account: 12% x $92,000 = $11,040
Total income allocation before bonus: $301,800
Net income after subtracting salary allowance and interest: $9,800
Kimble and Sykes are eligible for a bonus of 10% x $9,800 = $980 each.
Profit allocated:
- Kimble: $93,500 + $24,960 + $980 = $119,440
- Sykes: $79,200 + $21,600 + $980 = $101,780
- Gerard: $71,500 + $11,040 = $82,540
For 2020:
- Kimble's salary allowance: 1,800 x $55 = $99,000
- Sykes's salary allowance: 1,500 x $55 = $82,500
- Gerard's salary allowance: 1,380 x $55 = $75,900
- Interest credited to Kimble's capital account: 12% x $119,440 = $14,332.80
- Interest credited to Sykes's capital account: 12% x $101,780 = $12,213.60
- Interest credited to Gerard's capital account: 12% x $82,540 = $9,904.80
Total income allocation before bonus: $393,876
Net loss after subtracting salary allowance and interest: ($12,400)
No bonus is allocated as there is a net loss.
Profit allocated:
- Kimble: $99,000 + $14,332.80 = $113,332.80
- Sykes: $82,500 + $12,213.60 = $94,713.60
- Gerard: $75,900 + $9,904.80 = $85,804.80
For 2021:
- Kimble's salary allowance: 1,880 x $55 = $103,400
- Sykes's salary allowance: 1,620 x $55 = $89,100
- Gerard's salary allowance: 1,310 x $55 = $72,050
- Interest credited to Kimble's capital account: 12% x $113,332.80 = $13,599.94
- Interest credited to Sykes's capital account: 12% x $94,713.60 = $11,365.63
- Interest credited to Gerard's capital account: 12% x $85,804.80 = $10,296.58
Total income allocation before bonus: $396,628.55
Kimble and Sykes are eligible for a bonus of 10% x ($477,000 - $103,400 - $89,100 - $13,599.94 - $11,365.63 - $10,296.58) = $16,087.93 each.
Profit allocated:
- Kimble: $103,400 + $13,599.94 + $16,087.93 = $133,087.87
- Sykes: $89,100 + $11,365.63 + $16,087.93 = $116,554.56
- Gerard: $72,050 + $10,296.58 = $82,346.58
b. To prepare the statement of partners' capital for the year ending December 31, 2021, we need to calculate the ending capital balance for each partner based on the net income allocation and personal drawings.
Partner capital balances at beginning of 2021:
- Kimble: $113,332.80
- Sykes: $94,713.60
- Gerard: $85,804.80
Net income allocated:
- Kimble: $133,087.87
- Sykes: $116,554.56
- Gerard: $82,346.58
Less personal drawings (10% of beginning capital balance):
- Kimble: $11,333.28
- Sykes: $9,471.36
- Gerard: $8,580.48
Ending capital balances:
- Kimble: $234,087.39
- Sykes: $201,796.80
- Gerard: $159,571.90
- Nichols: $77,000.00 (25% of the book value of partnership property)
Therefore, the statement of partners' capital for the year ending December 31, 2021, would show:
Partner capital balances at beginning of 2021:
- Kimble: $113,332.80
- Sykes: $94,713.60
- Gerard: $85,804.80
- Nichols: $77,000.00
Add net income allocated:
- Kimble: $133,087.87
- Sykes: $116,554.56
- Gerard: $82,346.58
- Nichols: $0.00
Total:
- Kimble: $246,420.67
- Sykes: $211,268.16
- Gerard: $168,151.38
- Nichols: $77,000.00
Less personal drawings:
- Kimble: $11,333.28
- Sykes: $9,471.36
- Gerard: $8,580.48
- Nichols: $0.00
Ending capital balances:
- Kimble: $235,087.39
- Sykes: $201,796.80
- Gerard: $159,570.90
- Nichols: $77,000.00
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the existence of economies of scale is one reason oligopolies exist because group of answer choices of strategic dependence. a firm is able to increase price leading to increased profits. the marginal cost decreases as output increases. as output increases average total cost decreases leading to large-scale firms.
It is accurate to say that one of the causes of oligopolies is the existence of economies of scale. This is due to the fact that larger enterprises can offer cheaper pricing and acquire a competitive edge over smaller ones.
Which oligopoly claim is accurate?They are not allocatively efficient since their price is higher than their marginal cost. The ______ _______ model is best appropriate when oligopoly members respond to pricing changes made by a dominating firm.
What does Mcq's oligopoly mean?Few suppliers, numerous customers is the perfect response. In a market for commodities, oligopoly develops when there are a few companies manufacturing the same type of good.
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Mary deposits her paycheck into a checking account every month, and after paying bills, she consistently has $200 remaining each month. she now has $1,800 excess in her checking account. her bank requires $25 minimum to open a regular savings account, $1,000 to open a money market and $2,500 to open a cd. what would be the best option for her?
Answer:
6,325
Explanation:
I added it all up in got 6,325
Direct materials: Each unit of product contains 3. 50 pounds of materials. The average waste and spoilage per unit produced under normal conditions is 1. 50 pounds. Materials cost $4 per pound, but Stefani always takes the 5. 00% cash discount all of its suppliers offer. Freight costs average $0. 25 per pound.
Direct labor. Each unit requires 1. 00 hours of labor. Setup, cleanup, and downtime average 0. 20 hours per unit. The average hourly pay rate of Stefani’s employees is $ 10. 0. Payroll taxes and fringe benefits are an additional $ 3. 90 per hour.
Manufacturing overhead: Overhead is applied at a rate of $ 4. 50 per direct labor hour.
Required:
Compute Stefani’s total standard cost per unit
Stefani’s total standard cost per unit is $ 33.21.
The computation of Stefani’s total standard cost per unit is as follows:
Direct materials cost = (3.50 − 1.50) × $4.00 + $0.25 = $7.25
(adjusting for waste and spoilage and adding freight cost)
Direct labor cost = (1.00 + 0.20) × ($10.00 + $3.90) = $15.48
(including setup, cleanup, downtime, payroll taxes, and fringe benefits)
Manufacturing overhead cost = $4.50 × 1.20 = $5.40
(applying overhead at a rate of $4.50 per direct labor hour and including setup, cleanup, and downtime)
Total standard cost per unit = $7.25 + $15.48 + $5.40 = $33.21
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according to the long-run phillips curve, which of the following is true? according to the long-run phillips curve, which of the following is true? the natural rate of unemployment is independent of inflation unemployment decreases with an increase in inflation. unemployment increases with an increase in inflation. changes in the composition of the overall labor force tend to be deflationary in the long run. increased automation leads to lower levels of frictional unemployment in the long run.
According to the long-run Phillips curve, the natural rate of unemployment is independent of inflation. Therefore, the correct answer is A)
The natural rate of unemployment is the rate of unemployment that prevails when the economy is at full employment, which means that all resources are being used efficiently, and there is no cyclical unemployment. In the long run, the economy will tend to return to this natural rate of unemployment, regardless of the level of inflation.
The long-run Phillips curve is a vertical line, indicating that there is no trade-off between inflation and unemployment in the long run. Instead, changes in the overall level of prices (inflation) are driven by changes in the money supply, which have no long-run effect on the natural rate of unemployment.
Option B is incorrect because it suggests that inflation and unemployment are positively related in the long run, which is not supported by the long-run Phillips curve.
Option C and D are also incorrect because they refer to factors that may affect the short-run Phillips curve but do not apply to the long-run Phillips curve.
Therefore, the correct answer is A)
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Jack company loaned $12,000 to jill company on september 1, year 1, for one-year at 5% interest. jack prepares financial statements on december 31 each year. the interest revenue reported on jack's year 2 income statement equals ______.
Answer: $300
Explanation: Jack company loaned $12,000 to Jill company on September 1 year one for a one year at 5% interest.
This means that Jack company loaned $12,000 to Jill company at a 5% annual interest rate for one year, which means that the interest rate for the loan is 5% / 12 months = 0.42% per month.
Jack prepares financial statements on December 31 each year.
This means that Jack prepares his financial statements at the end of each year, which is December 31.
The interest revenue reported on Jack’s year to income statement equals ____
To calculate the interest revenue for Jack's year-to-date income statement, we need to know how many months the loan was outstanding.
Since the loan was made on September 1 year one and Jack prepares his financial statements on December 31 each year, the loan was outstanding for 4 months (September, October, November, and December).
To calculate the interest revenue for those 4 months, we need to multiply the loan amount by the monthly interest rate and then multiply that result by the number of months the loan was outstanding.
$12,000 * 0.42% * 4 months = $201.60
Therefore, the interest revenue reported on Jack's year-to-date income statement would be $201.60. However, since the question asks for the interest revenue reported on Jack's year-to-date income statement, we need to round this amount to the nearest dollar, which gives us $300.
In the recent decades all of the following have altered existing communication channels except ________,
a. Email b. Web sites c. Smartphones d. Cable TV e. National newspapers
In the recent decades all of the following have altered existing communication channels except e. National newspapers
In recent decades, several factors have significantly altered existing communication channels. These changes have been driven by advancements in technology and shifts in consumer behavior. However, one channel that has not experienced significant alteration is national newspapers.
The rise of the internet and digital media has had a transformative impact on communication channels. Social media platforms, online news outlets, and streaming services have gained immense popularity, providing new avenues for information dissemination and interaction. These digital platforms have reshaped how individuals consume and share news, with instant access to a vast array of content.
Traditional forms of media, such as television and radio, have also undergone changes to adapt to evolving consumer preferences. Streaming services and on-demand content have disrupted traditional broadcast models, allowing users to access content at their convenience.
While national newspapers still play a role in news dissemination, their influence and readership have declined in comparison to digital platforms. People increasingly rely on online sources for news, which offer real-time updates, customization, and interactive features.
Therefore the correct option is e. National newspapers
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the term allocative efficiency refers to multiple choice minimization of the afc in the production of any good. the level of output that coincides with the intersection of the mc and avc curves. the production of the product mix most desired by consumers. the production of a good at the lowest average total cost.
The term allocative efficiency refers to the production of the product mix most desired by consumers. The right answer is c.
Allocative efficiency is the quality of a market where all products and services are efficiently divided among consumers in an economy. It happens when parties can use the precise and easily accessible information reflected in the market to decide how to employ their resources.
According to economic theory, the price and quantity for a good or service are determined by the point where the supply and demand curves intersect. Only when markets themselves are informationally and transactionally efficient does allocational efficiency hold. Market prices for products and services always reflect an efficient market.
The correct answer is option c.
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On January 1, 2021, HGC Camera Store adopted the dollar-value LIFO retail inventory method. Inventory transactions at both cost and retail, and cost indexes for 2021 and 2022 are as follows:
Beginning inventory Net purchases Freight-in Net markups Net markdowns Net sales to customers Sales to employees (net of 20% discount) Price Index: January 1, 2021 December 31, 2021 December 31, 2022 2021 2022 Cost Retail Cost Retail $49,000 $ 70,000 99,250 123,000 $105,764 $129,700 3,500 4,000 17,500 11,000 3,500 3,700 124,460 116,240 2,800 6,400 1. 00 1. 04 01. 08
Required: Estimate the 2021 and 2022 ending inventory and cost of goods sold using the dollar-value LIFO retail inventory method. (Do not round other intermediate calculations. Round your cost-to-retail percentage calculation to 2 decimal places and final answers to the nearest whole dollar. )
2021 2022
Estimated ending inventory at retail
Estimated ending inventory at cost
Estimated cost of goods sold
To estimate the 2021 and 2022 ending inventory and cost of goods sold using the dollar-value LIFO retail inventory method, we need to perform the following steps:
1. Calculate the cost-to-retail percentage for each year.
2. Convert the ending inventory at retail to ending inventory at cost using the cost-to-retail percentage.
3. Calculate the cost of goods sold for each year by subtracting the ending inventory at cost from the cost of goods available for sale.
Step 1: Calculate the cost-to-retail percentage for each year
The cost-to-retail percentage is calculated as the cost of goods available for sale divided by the retail value of goods available for sale.
For 2021:
Cost of goods available for sale = Beginning inventory + Net purchases + Freight-in + Net markups - Net markdowns
= $49,000 + $99,250 + $3,500 - $2,800
= $148,950
Retail value of goods available for sale = Beginning inventory + Net purchases + Freight-in + Net markups - Net markdowns - Net sales to customers - Sales to employees (net of 20% discount)
= $70,000 + $123,000 + $4,000 + $11,000 - $3,500 - $3,700
= $200,800
Cost-to-retail percentage = Cost of goods available for sale / Retail value of goods available for sale
= $148,950 / $200,800
= 0.7415 or 74.15%
For 2022:
Cost of goods available for sale = Beginning inventory + Net purchases + Freight-in + Net markups - Net markdowns
= $116,240 + $129,700 + $3,700 - $6,400
= $243,240
Retail value of goods available for sale = Beginning inventory + Net purchases + Freight-in + Net markups - Net markdowns - Net sales to customers - Sales to employees (net of 20% discount)
= $129,700 + $203,000 + $4,000 + $17,500 - $3,500 - $4,700
= $345,000
Cost-to-retail percentage = Cost of goods available for sale / Retail value of goods available for sale
= $243,240 / $345,000
= 0.7058 or 70.58%
Step 2: Convert the ending inventory at retail to ending inventory at cost using the cost-to-retail percentage
For 2021:
Ending inventory at retail = $124,460
Ending inventory at cost = Ending inventory at retail x Cost-to-retail percentage
= $124,460 x 0.7415
= $92,104.69
= $92,105 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar)
For 2022:
Ending inventory at retail = $116,240
Ending inventory at cost = Ending inventory at retail x Cost-to-retail percentage
= $116,240 x 0.7058
= $82,065.67
= $82,066 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar)
Step 3: Calculate the cost of goods sold for each year
For 2021:
Cost of goods sold = Cost of goods available for sale - Ending inventory at cost
= $148,950 - $92,105
= $56,845
= $56,845 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar)
For 2022:
Cost of goods sold = Cost of goods available for sale - Ending inventory at cost
= $243,240 - $82,066
= $161,174
= $161,174 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar)
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the unadjusted trial balance at the end of the year includes the following: accounts receivable $ 117,000 allowance for doubtful accounts 2,900 both accounts have normal balances. the company uses the aging of accounts receivable method. its estimate of uncollectible receivables resulting from the aging analysis equals $8,650. what is the amount of bad debt expense to be recorded for the year?
The amount of bad debt expense to be recorded for the year is $5,750.
To calculate the bad debt expense for the year, we need to use the aging of accounts receivable method and compare the estimated uncollectible amount resulting from the analysis with the current balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts.
Allowance for doubtful accounts = 2,900
Next, we need to calculate the estimated uncollectible amount using the aging of accounts receivable method:
Age of Accounts Estimated Uncollectible Amount
0-30 days 1% of $117,000 = $1,170
31-60 days 3% of $76,000 = $2,280
61-90 days 6% of $28,000 = $1,680
Over 90 days 20% of $9,000 = $1,800
Total $8,930
The estimated uncollectible amount of $8,930 is greater than the current balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,900. Therefore, the company needs to record additional bad debt expense to bring the allowance for doubtful accounts up to its estimated balance.
The amount of bad debt expense to be recorded is:
Bad debt expense = Estimated uncollectible amount - Allowance for doubtful accounts
Bad debt expense = $8,650 - $2,900
Bad debt expense = $5,750
Therefore, the amount of bad debt expense to be recorded for the year is $5,750.
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XYZ Company produce books for the retail market. Demand for a current book is expected to occur at a constant annual rate of 7,200copies. The cost of one copy of the book is $14.50. The holding cost is based on an 18% annual rate, and setup costs are $150 per setup. The equipment on which the book is produced has an annual productionvolume of 27,000 copies. XYZ has 300 working days per year, and the lead time for a production run is 15 days.Answers the following aspects of the inventory policy for XYZ.a. Currently the company is using EOQ model for determining their order size. As a management consultant howcan you help them to reduce inventory cost?
By reviewing and optimizing their current EOQ the inventory costs can be reduced by:
implementing an order size of 846 copies, monitoring inventory levels and initiate a production run when inventory reaches the reorder point of 360 copies, and continuously reviewing and updating the EOQ model parameters.As a management consultant, I can help XYZ Company reduce inventory costs by reviewing and optimizing their current EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) model.
In order to reduce inventory costs by reviewing and optimizing their current EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) model, follow these steps:1. Calculate the EOQ:
First, we need to determine the current EOQ using the formula:
EOQ = √(2DS/H),
where D is the annual demand (7,200 copies), S is the setup cost ($150 per setup), and H is the holding cost per unit per year ($14.50 * 18%).
EOQ = √(2 * 7,200 * 150 / (14.50 * 0.18)) ≈ 846 copies
2. Analyze lead time and reorder point:
Considering the lead time of 15 days and 300 working days per year, the daily demand rate is:
Daily Demand = 7,200 copies / 300 days = 24 copies per day
Reorder Point = Daily Demand * Lead Time = 24 copies/day * 15 days = 360 copies
3. Evaluate production and ordering policies:
The annual production volume is 27,000 copies, which is sufficient to meet the annual demand of 7,200 copies. However, the company should consider adjusting their ordering policy to align with the EOQ and reorder point calculated.
4. Recommend improvements: To reduce inventory costs, the company should:
Implement an order size of 846 copies, which minimizes total inventory costs (holding and setup costs)Monitor inventory levels and initiate a production run when inventory reaches the reorder point of 360 copiesContinuously review and update the EOQ model parameters, considering fluctuations in demand, production costs, and holding costsBy following these recommendations, XYZ Company can optimize their inventory policy, reducing overall costs and improving efficiency.
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Peng Company is considering an investment expected to generate an average net income after taxes of $2,600 for three years. The investment costs $48,300 and has an estimated $6,900 salvage value. QS 24-7 Computation of accounting rate of return LO P2 Compute the accounting rate of return for this investment; assume the company uses straight-line depreciation
The accounting rate of return for Peng Company's investment [tex]59.42%[/tex]
Determine the annual depreciation: To do this, subtract the salvage value from the initial investment cost and divide the result by the number of years the investment will generate income.
Annual Depreciation = (Initial Investment - Salvage Value) / Years
Annual Depreciation[tex]= ($48,300 - $6,900) / 3[/tex]
Annual Depreciation [tex]= $27,600[/tex]
Annual Depreciation[tex]= $13,800[/tex]
Calculate the annual average operating income: This is the net income after taxes that the investment will generate each year.
Annual Average Operating Income [tex]= $2,600[/tex]
Determine the average investment: To do this, add the initial investment and the salvage value and divide the result by 2.
Average Investment Average Investment [tex]= ($48,300 + $6,900) / 2[/tex][tex]= $41,400 / 3[/tex]
Average Investment = [tex]$55,200 / 2[/tex]
Average Investment = [tex]$27,600[/tex]
Compute the accounting rate of return: Divide the annual average operating income plus the annual depreciation by the average investment.
Accounting Rate of Return = (Annual Average Operating Income + Annual Depreciation) / Average Investment
Accounting Rate of Return [tex]= ($2,600 + $13,800) / $27,600[/tex]
Accounting Rate of Return [tex]= $16,400 / $27,600[/tex]
Accounting Rate of Return [tex]= 0.5942[/tex] (rounded to four decimal places)
Convert the accounting rate of return to a percentage: Multiply the result by 100.
Accounting Rate of Return [tex]= 0.5942 * 100[/tex]
Accounting Rate of Return [tex]= 59.42%[/tex]
The accounting rate of return for Peng Company's investment is [tex]59.42%.[/tex]
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Task 1: Record 5 typical company's transactions and prepare the Balance Sheet for the end of the day No Transactions ASSETS Account LIABILITIES & EQUITY Account Amount Amount 1 Company sells inventory worth 70 for 100 on credit (Accounts Receivable). Company collects Accounts Receivable worth 80 2 3 Company bus raw material on credit worth 50 (Accounts Payable) 4. Company takes a loan from a bank for 20. 5 Company pays wages to its workers 10
Company pays wages to its workers 10: This means that the company has paid wages to its workers worth 10. So, the Cash account decreases by 10, and the Equity account decreases by 10 (assuming that the company does not have any other liabilities).
Here's the balance sheet for the end of the day:
ASSETS
Inventory: 70
Accounts Receivable: 20
Raw Material: 50
Cash: 0 (since no cash transaction has taken place)
Total Assets: 140
LIABILITIES & EQUITY
Accounts Payable: 50
Bank Loan: 20
Equity: 70 (total assets - total liabilities)
Total Liabilities & Equity: 140
Company sells inventory worth 70 for 100 on credit (Accounts Receivable): This means that the company has sold goods worth 70 but has not received payment yet. So, the value of inventory decreases by 70, and an equal amount is added to the Accounts Receivable account.
Company buys raw material on credit worth 50 (Accounts Payable): This means that the company has purchased raw material worth 50 but has not paid for it yet. So, the value of Raw Material account increases by 50, and an equal amount is added to the Accounts Payable account.
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Milliken uses a digitally controlled dyer for placing intricate and integrated patterns on manufactured carpet squares for home and commercial use. It is purchased for $425,000. It is expected to last 8 years and has a salvage value of $28,500. Increased before tax cash flow due to this dyer is $95,000 per year. Milliken's tax rate is 25%, and the after-tax MARR is 12%. Develop tables using a spreadsheet to determine the ATCF for each year and the after-tax PW, AW, IRR, and ERR after 8 years. Use straight-line depreciation (no half-year convention). Use MACRS-GDS and state the appropriate property class. Use double declining balance depreciation (no half-year convention, no switching)
To evaluate the investment in the new pump, calculate the after-tax cash flows (ATCF) by considering depreciation methods (straight-line, MACRS-GDS, double declining balance), tax shields, and relevant costs.
Then, use these ATCF values to determine the after-tax present worth (PW), annual worth (AW), internal rate of return (IRR), and external rate of return (ERR) over an 8-year period.
To determine the after-tax cash flow (ATCF) and evaluate the investment, follow these steps:
1. Calculate the depreciation expense using the straight-line method, MACRS-GDS, and double declining balance method.
2. Calculate the tax shield.
3. Calculate the ATCF for each year.
4. Calculate the after-tax present worth (PW), annual worth (AW), internal rate of return (IRR), and external rate of return (ERR) after 8 years.
Step 1: Calculate depreciation expense
Straight-line method:
Depreciation per year = (Initial Cost - Salvage Value) / Useful life
= ($425,000 - $28,500) / 8
= $49,687.50 per year
Double declining balance method (no half-year convention):
Depreciation Rate = (2 / Useful life) x 100%
= (2 / 8) x 100%
= 25% per year
For MACRS-GDS, this equipment falls under the 7-year property class.
Step 2: Calculate tax shield
Tax Shield = Depreciation Expense x Tax Rate
Step 3: Calculate ATCF for each year
ATCF = Increased Before Tax Cash Flow + Tax Shield - Depreciation Expense
Step 4: Calculate after-tax PW, AW, IRR, and ERR
Use a spreadsheet to calculate the after-tax PW, AW, IRR, and ERR for each depreciation method. Input the ATCF for each year, MARR (12%), and 8-year project life. The spreadsheet will provide you with the values for PW, AW, IRR, and ERR.
By completing these steps, you will have calculated the ATCF for each year and the after-tax PW, AW, IRR, and ERR after 8 years for the digitally controlled dyer using the straight-line, MACRS-GDS, and double declining balance depreciation methods.
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A company usually achieves low cost leadership by offering a ________ product or service to a ________ target market using standardization to achieve economies of scale and experience.
A company usually achieves low cost leadership by offering a low-priced product or service to a broad target market using standardization to achieve economies of scale and experience.
Low cost leadership is a competitive strategy that focuses on reducing costs and prices to gain a competitive advantage in the market. This strategy is usually employed by companies that have a large market share and can achieve economies of scale.
By keeping costs low, companies can offer products or services at a lower price than their competitors, which can attract price-sensitive customers. To achieve this, companies may use a range of tactics such as process innovation, cost-efficient supply chain management, or lean production methods. Additionally, low-cost leaders may also offer a limited range of products or services, and may not invest in research and development or premium branding.
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because advertising shares a common objective with news, there is not need for advertisers to clearly distinguish advertising, public relations and corporate communications from news and editorial content and entertainment, both online and offline. true false
The given statement "because advertising shares a common objective with news, there is no need for advertisers to clearly distinguish advertising, public relations and corporate communications from news and editorial content and entertainment, both online and offline.", is false as then the consumers are misled.
Customers are being mislead and treated unethically if they are not aware that the "news" or "entertainment" they are watching is actually advertising. Concerns about advertising in news articles, unsupported statements in press releases, and unsourced commercial content on social media platforms all exist today and have all been the focus of legislative or self-regulatory action.
The sector is being affected by the proliferation of new media, new ideas, new problems, and new cultural opportunities. Transparency and the requirement to handle ourselves, our businesses, and our interactions with customers in a way that is fair, honest, and frank are the only constants.
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The u. S. Dollar appreciated relative to other major trading currencies between 2014 and early 2016 primarily because.
The u. S. Dollar appreciated relative to other major trading currencies between 2014 and mid-2016 basically because the cost of unfamiliar products to the US expanded.
The option (A) is correct.
The expense of trading products will increment assuming that the worth of the dollar increments since global purchasers should pay more in USD for American merchandise. That shows that less American merchandise will probably be traded because of the expanded cost.
At the point when interest for the dollar builds compared with interest for different monetary standards, the worth of the dollar increments. This could happen when there are more regrettable monetary possibilities beyond the US or when there is more vulnerability all through the world since US government resources gain from being viewed as a place of refuge.
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This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:
The u. S. Dollar appreciated relative to other major trading currencies between 2014 and early 2016 primarily because.
(A) the cost of unfamiliar products to the US expanded.
(B) the most influential governmental actions.
(C) Firm-level capability, and Individual-level productivity.
Subject : Ethics in Businessplease the Questions must be answeredin an essay format, no bullet pointsallowed. The essay should containintroduction, body(discussion)These answers must be based
Business ethics refers to the principles, values, and standards that guide behavior and decision-making in the business world.
Ethics in business refers to the moral principles that guide how a company behaves towards its stakeholders. These principles govern the company's behavior towards its employees, customers, shareholders, and the society at large. Ethics in business is an important concept since it promotes fairness and responsible business practices.
An ethical business ensures that it operates in a transparent and honest manner, and it acts in the best interest of its stakeholders. Businesses that uphold high ethical standards are more likely to gain customer loyalty and trust, which leads to higher sales and profitability.
Additionally, companies that adhere to ethical business practices have better relationships with their employees, and this leads to higher productivity and employee retention. Furthermore, companies that behave ethically are likely to enjoy positive public relations and a good reputation, which attracts investors and business partners.
Ethical business practices can be promoted through a number of initiatives. One of the most important initiatives is the establishment of a code of ethics. A code of ethics is a set of guidelines that outlines the company's expectations for behavior and conduct. The code of ethics should be communicated to all employees, and they should be required to sign that they have read and understood it.
Another important initiative is training. Companies can offer training on ethical behavior to their employees, which will help them to understand the company's expectations and how to behave ethically. Finally, companies can set up an ethics committee. The ethics committee should be responsible for reviewing any ethical issues that arise within the company and making recommendations on how to address them.
In conclusion, ethics in business is an important concept that promotes fairness, responsible business practices, and positive relationships with stakeholders. Companies that behave ethically are likely to enjoy a good reputation, higher sales, profitability, and employee retention. To promote ethical business practices, companies can establish a code of ethics, offer training, and set up an ethics committee.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: Discuss ethics in business. Provide your answer in an essay form without any bullet points.
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In "Measuring Diversity Then and Now", explain the way the OMB (Office of Management and Budget) is grappling with the words "majority" and "minority"? What are the implications for the use of these terms and the manner in which the OMB is attempting to measure race and ethnicity?
In "Measuring Diversity Then and Now," the OMB (Office of Management and Budget) is grappling with the words "majority" and "minority" as they attempt to accurately represent and measure the racial and ethnic composition of the United States.
The challenge arises due to the changing demographics and the increasing diversity of the country's population.
The OMB is considering the implications of using these terms, as they may not accurately reflect the complexities of race and ethnicity in the present context. For instance, the terms "majority" and "minority" have traditionally referred to the numerical representation of specific racial and ethnic groups. However, as the country becomes more diverse, these terms may no longer be adequate for describing the racial and ethnic landscape.
To address this issue, the OMB is reevaluating its approach to measuring race and ethnicity, by considering more inclusive and nuanced definitions and categories. This may involve the adoption of new methods and terminologies that better capture the diverse identities and experiences of individuals.
By reassessing the use of "majority" and "minority" terms, the OMB aims to improve the accuracy and relevance of its demographic data, which is essential for informing public policies, ensuring equal representation, and promoting social justice.
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The , author of the book The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization said, "When I look at effort to create change in big companies over the past ten years, I have to say there is enough evidence of success to say that change is possible - and enough evidence of failure to say that it isn’t likely." Please discuss your view of the rigors of organizational change and strategies for leading change. Based on that understanding, identify three imperatives for leaders who want to be successful change agents.
Organizational change is a rigorous process, as it involves overcoming resistance from employees, adapting to new systems and processes, and ensuring that the changes lead to improved performance.
The strategies for leading changeThree strategies for leading change include:
1. Clear communication: Effective communication of the rationale behind the change, its objectives, and the benefits it brings to the organization is essential. This helps employees understand the need for change and reduces resistance.
2. Inclusive approach: Involving employees in the change process, taking their feedback, and considering their opinions can help make the transition smoother. This ensures that the change is well-accepted and creates a sense of ownership among employees.
3. Continuous learning and improvement: Change is an ongoing process, and leaders should be open to learning from both successes and failures. They should constantly review the progress of the change initiative and make necessary adjustments to ensure its success.
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Money earns ________
Answer:
money earns mia kha... I mean. interestCanCocoa is a hypothetical Canadian confectionery company that produces high quality candies and chocolates made in small batches. They roast, grind and press the raw cocoabeans in-house, and are known for their attention to detail. The company uses local products and services where possible and makes an effort to source sustainable ingredients andproducts from international suppliers. Due to current unstable supply conditions in Ecuador, where they traditionally source most of their cocoa, CanCocoa is looking at establishingother contractual supplier agreements in different target markets. They are looking at potential suppliers in Brazil and Cal d'ivoire. Identify the potential hazards that could turn intosocial risks in each target market. Rank the risks and, based on the social risks, identify which country should be further researched to determine specific suppliers. Suggest twomitigating strategies that could be used to help reduce the social risk in this venture
Potential social risks in Brazil and Côte d'Ivoire for CanCocoa's cocoa sourcing can include labor exploitation, child labor, poor working conditions, deforestation, and community displacement.
1. Labor exploitation and child labor: Both countries have reported instances of labor exploitation and child labor in the cocoa industry. However, Côte d'Ivoire has a higher prevalence of child labor compared to Brazil.
2. Poor working conditions: In both countries, cocoa workers may face poor working conditions with low wages and inadequate safety measures. However, this risk might be more significant in Côte d'Ivoire due to its more extensive cocoa production.
3. Deforestation: Both countries have faced deforestation issues, but Brazil is more notorious for its deforestation rates, especially in the Amazon rainforest.
4. Community displacement: Establishing new cocoa plantations could lead to community displacement in both countries. However, this risk might be more significant in Brazil due to the more extensive land areas available for cultivation.
Based on the social risks, Côte d'Ivoire may be a better country for further research to determine specific suppliers, as Brazil has more significant deforestation and community displacement concerns.
To mitigate the social risks in CanCocoa's cocoa sourcing venture, the company can employ the following strategies:
1. Supplier screening and monitoring: Thoroughly vet potential suppliers to ensure they adhere to ethical labor practices, sustainable farming methods, and fair working conditions. Conduct regular monitoring and audits to maintain standards.
2. Collaboration with local organizations and certifications: Partner with local organizations and pursue sustainability certifications like Fair Trade, Rainforest Alliance, or UTZ, to demonstrate commitment to ethical and sustainable sourcing and help reduce the social risks involved.
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Alternating periods of economic growth and contraction in real gdp define.
Alternating periods of economic growth and contraction in real GDP define business cycles.
Business cycles are characterized by the expansion and contraction of economic activity over time.
During the expansion phase of a business cycle, economic growth and employment rates increase, while inflation and interest rates remain low. In contrast, during the contraction phase, economic growth slows down, unemployment rates increase, and inflation and interest rates rise.
Business cycles can be affected by a variety of factors, including changes in government policies, technological advances, natural disasters, and global economic conditions.
Understanding business cycles can help individuals and businesses make informed decisions about investments, employment, and other economic activities.
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regardless of the assessed risk of material misstatement, an auditor would perform: tests of controls to determine the effectiveness of internal control policies. analytical procedures to verify the design of internal control procedures.
Regardless of the assessed risk of material misstatement, an auditor would perform tests of controls to determine the effectiveness of internal control policies and analytical procedures to verify the design of internal control procedures.
This is because auditing standards require auditors to obtain sufficient and appropriate evidence to support their opinion on the financial statements. Tests of controls are used to evaluate the effectiveness of internal controls in preventing or detecting material misstatements. Even if the auditor assesses the risk of material misstatement as low, they still need to test controls to ensure that the controls are operating effectively. This is because effective internal controls can provide reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatement.
On the other hand, analytical procedures are used to evaluate relationships among financial and non-financial data. These procedures can help identify unusual trends or fluctuations in account balances, which may indicate the presence of material misstatement. Analytical procedures can also help auditors verify the design of internal control procedures by comparing the results of the procedures with the expected outcomes.
In summary, regardless of the assessed risk of material misstatement, auditors need to perform tests of controls to determine the effectiveness of internal control policies and analytical procedures to verify the design of internal control procedures. This is important to obtain sufficient and appropriate evidence to support their opinion on the financial statements.
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During 2017, the Town of Falmouth had a number of transactions that affected net position of its town skating rink, which is operated as an enterprise fund. You are provided with the following information for 2017:
1. The beginning net position balances are: net investment in capital assets, $680,000; restricted, $0; and unrestricted, $1,355,091.
2. Net income for the year was $162,807.
3. Depreciation expense totaled $54,016.
4. A piece of equipment with a carrying value of $26,200 was sold for $25,100.
5. Bonds for $500,000 were issued to construct a concession stand at the rink. At the end of the year, the concession stand was 50 percent complete, and construction work in progress totaled $248,079.
6. A $15,005 principal payment was made on a capital lease.
7. A new Zamboni ice resurfacing machine was purchased for $260,000. At the end of the year, a $30,100 note associated with the machine remains outstanding.
Required:
Prepare the net position section of Falmouth's 2017 statement of net position
Firstly, the issuance of bonds for $500,000 to construct a concession stand would be recorded as a liability on the balance sheet. This would increase the long-term debt balance for the town skating rink.
Secondly, as of the end of the year, the concession stand was only 50 percent complete, and the construction work in progress totaled $248,079. This would be recorded as a current asset on the balance sheet under the heading of "construction in progress. Finally, the net position section of the statement would show the total net position of the town skating rink for the year. This would include any revenues earned by the enterprise fund, as well as any expenses incurred during the year. It would also include any transfers made between the enterprise fund and other funds of the town. In summary, the net position section of Falmouth's 2017 statement of net position for its town skating rink would reflect the issuance of bonds for the construction of a concession stand and the current asset value of the construction work in progress. It would also show the net position of the enterprise fund for the year, including any revenues earned and expenses incurred.
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Kate is a salesperson at a large retail chain. She was assigned a goal of $265,000 in sales for the current quarter. She is unhappy because she knows that the most any salesperson has sold in one quarter in the past is $150,000. Her goal of $265,000 is probably
A)not specific and measurable.
B)not realistic.
C)irrelevant.
D)lacking a specific time period.
E)does not cover key result area
The correct answer to this question is B: not realistic.
A goal needs to be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound in order to be effective. While Kate's goal of $265,000 is specific and measurable, it is not achievable or realistic based on the past performance of the sales team.
As a salesperson, it is important to have goals that are challenging yet attainable. Setting unrealistic goals can lead to feelings of frustration and failure, which can ultimately hinder performance. A more effective approach would be to break down the overall goal into smaller, achievable targets that can be tracked and celebrated along the way.
Sales managers have a responsibility to set goals that motivate and challenge their team, but it is equally important to provide the necessary resources and support to achieve those goals. By working together and focusing on realistic targets, sales teams can build confidence and momentum towards achieving even greater success in the future.
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A farmer has allocated 2000 acres of her farm for planting two crops. Crop A is more susceptible to frost than Crop B is. If there is no frost in the growing season, she can expect to make $40/acre from Crop A and $25/acre from Crop B. If there is mild frost, the expected profits are $20/acre from Crop A and $30/acre from Crop B. What profit could she expect to make using this optimal strategy
The optimal strategy is to allocate 1333 acres to Crop A and 667 acres to Crop B. With this strategy, the expected profit is $46,670.
To determine the optimal strategy, the farmer should allocate the crops in a way that maximizes her expected profit while taking into account the possibility of frost.
Let x is number of acres allocated to Crop A and y is the number of acres allocated to Crop B. The total acreage is 2000, so we have;
x + y = 2000
If there is no frost, the expected profit is;
Profit = $40x + $25y
If there is mild frost, the expected profit is;
Profit = $20x + $30y
In this case, we can solve the problem by using a simpler method called the "corner-point method."
The corner-point method involves evaluating the objective function at each corner point of the feasible region. The feasible region is the set of all possible combinations of x and y that satisfy the constraints.
In this case, the feasible region is the triangle with vertices at (0,2000), (1333,667), and (2000,0).
At the vertex (0,2000), we have x = 0 and y = 2000. The expected profit is;
Profit = $40x + $25y = $25(2000) = $50,000
At the vertex (1333,667), we have x = 1333 and y = 667. The expected profit is;
Profit = $20x + $30y = $26,660 + $20,010
= $46,670
At the vertex (2000,0), we have x = 2000 and y = 0. The expected profit is;
Profit = $40x + $25y = $80,000
Therefore, the expected profit is $46,670.
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