Vestigial traits and neutral changes in DNA sequences are good examples of non-adaptive traits .
Structures that don't have any obvious feature and appear like residual components from a beyond ancestor are known as vestigial systems. Examples of vestigial systems encompass the human appendix, the pelvic bone of a snake, and the wings of flightless birds. Vestigiality is the retention, at some point of the manner of evolution, of genetically decided systems or attributes which have misplaced a few or all the ancestral feature in a given species. Assessment of the vestigiality should usually rely upon assessment with homologous functions in associated species.
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Explain biological principles behind preservation of meat by refrigeration
Answer:
yes because at the room temperature the bacteria and fungi grow but in the refrigerator the temperature is lower than the room temperature which is not sufficient for growing microbes due to which we preserve in refrigerator.
I hope u understand
Which of the following statements about a gene that shows maternal effect inheritance is true?
O Offspring will have a mutant phenotype if the father has a mutant genotype.
O Offspring will show a mutant phenotype if the mother has a mutant genotype.
O Embryonic cells transcribe the gene.
O Offspring will always show a mutant phenotype if they have a mutant genotype.
A gene that shows maternal effect inheritance is a gene that is expressed in offspring only if the mother has a mutant genotype.
The offspring will show a mutant phenotype if the mother has a mutant genotype, regardless of the father's genotype. This means that the offspring will not necessarily have a mutant phenotype if the father has a mutant genotype.
This type of gene expression is regulated by the maternal environment, which includes both the mother's genotype and the environment in which she lives. Embryonic cells transcribe the gene, and so the gene is expressed in the offspring. However, the gene's expression can be suppressed or enhanced depending on the environment in which the mother lives.
Offspring will not always show a mutant phenotype if they have a mutant genotype. This is because the gene may be expressed in the offspring only if the maternal environment is favorable for expression. If the environment is not favorable, the gene may be repressed, and the offspring will not show a mutant phenotype.
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Planes, factories, and cars affect the carbon
cycle by:
Answer:
They affect the cycle by adding more/extra carbon into the atmosphere.
Explanation:
Carbon moves from fossil fuels to the atmosphere when fuels are burned. When humans burn fossil fuels to power factories, power plants, cars, planes, and trucks, most of the carbon quickly enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide gas.
A biologist is interested in studying the effect of growth-enhancing nutrients and different salinity (salt) levels in water on the growth of shrimps. The biologist has ordered a large shipment of young tiger shrimps from a supply house for use in the study. The experiment is to be conducted in a laboratory where 10 tiger shrimps are randomly placed into each of 12 similar tanks in a controlled environment. The biologist is planning to use 3 different growth-enhancing nutrients (A, B, and C) and two different salinity levels (low and high). List the treatments that the biologist plans to use in this experiment. Using the treatments listed in part (a), describe a completely randomized design that will allow the biologist to compare the shrimps' growth after 3 weeks. Give one statistical advantage to having only tiger shrimps in the experiment. Explain why this is an advantage. Give one statistical disadvantage to having only tiger shrimps in the experiment. Explain why this is a disadvantage.
a) The treatment groups are
1) Three different Growth-enhancing nutrients A, B and C
2) Salinity levels at two different levels low and high
b) Experimental units : Young tiger Shrimps
c) There are two independent variables
1) Salinity levels
2) Growth enhancing nutrients
d) Response variable : Growth of shrimps
A growth curve is a graphical depiction of a phenomenon's evolution through time. A growth curve might be a graphic that shows the rise in population of a country over time. The availability of nutrients and energy is one of the most important variables for growth.
Temperature, moisture, pH levels, and oxygen levels are the four key physical and chemical conditions regulating microbial growth. Microbial proliferation is influenced by intrinsic, extrinsic, and implicit dietary components, as well as diverse food processing processes. These variables influence microbial growth in food as well as the specific metabolic pathways that microbes utilise to create energy and metabolic byproducts.
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What are Mendel's 4 hypotheses and what does each mean?
(1) Principle of Paired Factors is the first of Mendel's four postulates and principles of heredity. (2) The Law of Segregation or Law of the Purity of Gametes (Mendel's First Law of Inheritance), (3) The Dominance Principle, and (4) The Law of Independent Assortment
In his law of segregation, he put forth the concept of paired components being separated during the creation of gametes. According to Mendelian law, every pair of unit components would separately assort into brand-new gametes.
Only one version of a trait will emerge in the offspring of two parents who have different, opposing characteristics, according to Mendel's law of dominance. The dominant trait will be the only phenotypic trait that the hybrid offspring exhibits. The dominance law is the fundamental rule of inheritance.
Because a gamete only contains one of the two alleles dominant or recessive and not both, the law of segregation is also known as the law of pure gametes.
The development of reproductive cells causes various genes to separately separate from one another, according to the Principle of Independent Assortment. During his research on the genetics of pea plants in 1865, Gregor Mendel made the first observation of an independent assortment of genes and their related phenotypes.
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Which stem type increases in diameter each year?
A. woody
B. leafy
C. gummy
D. herbaceous
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Woody stems are stiff and increase in size year after year.
Hurry HELP ME WITH THIS PLEASE!!!!!
The values for the speed of the scientists and the distance time graph are found as follows;
6. Please find attached the required distance time graph for each scientist
7. Newton's speed is about 1.[tex]\overline{1}[/tex] m/s
Madam Curie's speed is 2.5 m/s
Tyson's speed is 1.[tex]\overline{428571}[/tex] m/s
8. Madam Curie won the race, Tyson was second and Newton was third
9. The slope of the lines on the graphs are
The slope on Newton's graph = 1.[tex]\overline{1}[/tex]
Slope on Madam Curie's graph = 2.5
Slope on Tyson's graph = 1.[tex]\overline{428571}[/tex]
What is the slope of a linear graph?The slope of a graph is the ratio of the rise to the run of the line on the graph.
The specified information in the question are as follows;
The time it takes Newton to complete the 10 meters walk = 9 seconds
The time it takes Madame Curie to complete the distance of 10 meters = 4 seconds
The time it takes Tyson to complete the 10 meter distance while balancing the apple on his head = 7 seconds
The formula for the speed is; Speed = Distance/time
[tex]Speed = \dfrac{Distance}{Time}[/tex]
Distance = Time × Speed
Therefore, distance is directly proportional to the time of travel at a specified speed
The graph of the distance to time is therefore a straight line passing through the origin.
The coordinate of the origin (0, 0) is a point on the graph of each person.
The other point are specified by the value, y = 10 meters, and t as follows;
The points on the graph of Newton are (9, 10), (0, 0)
Newton's speed = 10 m/(9 s)= 1.[tex]\overline{1}[/tex] m/s
The point on the graph of Madam Curie are (4, 10), (0, 0)
Madam Curie's speed = 10 m/(4 s) = 2.5 m/s
Points on the graph for Tyson are (7, 10), (0, 0)
Tyson's speed = 10 m/(7 s) = 1.[tex]\overline{428571}[/tex] m/s
Please find the distance vs. time graph for each scientist created with MS Excel
7. The formula for the speed of each scientist is presented as follows;
[tex]Speed = \dfrac{Distance }{Time}[/tex]
Newton's speed = 10 m/(9 s) = 1.[tex]\overline{1}[/tex] m/s
Madam Curie's speed = 10 m/(4 s) = 2.5 m/s
Tyson's speed = 10 m/(7 s) = 1.[tex]\overline{428571}[/tex] m/s
8. The winner of the race is the scientist with the highest speed, who completes the 10 meter distance in the shortest time, which is Madam Curie
The scientist that was second is the scientist with the second fastest time, which is Tyson
The scientist that was third is Newton
9. The slope of the line is equivalent to the speed of each scientist, therefore;
The slope for Newton's distance time graph is 1.[tex]\overline{1}[/tex] m/s
Slope for the graph for Madam Curie is 2.5
Slope for the distance to time graph for Tyson is 1.[tex]\overline{428571}[/tex]
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How are protists similar to plants?
Answer:
Plant-like protists are autotrophs. This means that they produce their own food. They perform photosynthesis to produce sugar by using carbon dioxide and water, and the energy from sunlight, just like plants. ... Protists can be unicellular (single-celled) or multicellular (many-celled).
Explanation:
what system works with the respiratory system to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body
To obtain oxygen into the blood, its blood supply (cardiovascular system) pumps blood from of the heart to the lungs. Oxygen-depleted blood is returned to the heart through veins to restart circulation.
The respiratory system is supported by the circulatory system, that carries blood from and into the lungs. The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood arteries. The circulatory system assists in moving nutrients and oxygen through the lungs to the body's tissues and organs. Additionally, it aids in the removal of trash and carbon dioxide. The portion of the airway that extends below the larynx is known as the trachea (windpipe) (LAIR-inks). To keep the trachea (TRAY-kee-uh) open, its walls are lined with hard cartilage rings. Cilia that border the trachea move fluids and other objects out of the airway to prevent them from entering the lungs.
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What did you notice in the music when the dynamic marking changed?
Dynamics play a big role in music. We frequently experience feelings like rage and even excitement when we listen to punk music. Comparing this to listening to ballads is completely different.
What in the music when the dynamic marking changed?The print notations known as dynamic markings are used to instruct musicians on how loud or soft to play a piece of music. Words, word acronyms, or symbols can all be used as dynamic marks in music.
Therefore, Dynamics words for shifts include crescendo and decrescendo. The progressive increase in volume of the music is known as a crescendo. A diminuendo, also known as a decrescendo, is when the music progressively gets weaker.
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What is the main idea of Mendel's principle of independent assortment?
The inheritance of one character has no bearing on the inheritance of another, according to Mendel's principle of independent assortment. In other words, distinct qualities are inherited independently of one another by their various alleles.
Mendel experimented with cross-bred pea plants that were true-breeding for a variety of traits, such as seed color and seed shape, in order to find this principle.
He discovered that the alleles for seed color and shape did not share an inheritance pattern and that each allele was transmitted to progeny separately.
This principle can be explained by the fact that each gene is located on a different chromosome and during the formation of gametes, the chromosomes are separated randomly during meiosis, leading to the formation of different combinations of chromosomes in each gamete. As a result, the alleles of different genes are inherited independently of one another.
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The structures of the amino acids serine, proline, and glycine are shown:
The first diagram is of the amino acid serine. Serine is composed of a two carbon backbone. The first carbon is bound one amino group, one hydrogen atom, and one carboxyl group. The other carbon is bound to two hydrogen atoms and one hydroxyl group. The second diagram is of the amino acid proline. Proline is composed of a ring. The ring is made up of four carbons and one nitrogen. Three of the carbons are bound to two hydrogen atoms. The nitrogen is bound to one hydrogen atom. The final carbon is bound to one hydrogen atom and one carboxyl group. The third diagram is of the amino acid glycine. Glycine is composed of a carbon bound to two hydrogen atoms, one carboxyl group, and one amino group.
The secondary structure of a protein consists of a single long beta sheet. The outer edges of the beta sheet are composed of serine and proline amino acids.
Explain how the structure of amino acids determine the function.
A mutation occurred in DNA of a globular enzyme. If the serine amino acids were found within the active site of the enzyme, describe the effect this change is likely to have on enzymatic function.
If a mutation in the DNA of a globular enzyme changed all of the serine and proline amino acids to glycine, predict how the relative position of the amino acid on the secondary structure of the beta sheet would be affected when the protein is placed in an aqueous solution.
Justify your prediction by providing evidence that supports your claim.
The primary structure of a protein, its amino acid sequence, drives the folding and intra-molecular bonding of the linear amino acid chain, which ultimately determines the protein's unique three-dimensional shape.
What are the functions of proteins?Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.
Protein has many roles in your body. It helps repair and build your body's tissues, allows metabolic reactions to take place and coordinates bodily functions. In addition to providing your body with a structural framework, proteins also maintain proper pH and fluid balance.
There are seven types of proteins: antibodies, contractile proteins, enzymes, hormonal proteins, structural proteins, storage proteins, and transport proteins.
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What are the four features of bacteria?
Bacteria are single-celled organisms having membrane-attached cell organelles instead of a true nucleus. The reason why bacteria may survive in harsh settings is because:
Energy generating enzymes
Endospores
Cell wall
Cyst
The primary property of the bacteria is their ability to develop a cyst, which protects them from harmful environmental elements. For instance, the prokaryotic organism can survive in both hypertonic and hypotonic conditions because to its cell wall. The bacteria also make endospores, which let them tolerate extremely high temperatures. The bacteria create cold shock proteins that help them withstand freezing temperatures. Bacteria are single-celled creatures that lack a genuine nucleus in favour of membrane-bound cell organelles. Because of the following factors, bacteria can withstand trying conditions:
enzymes that generate energy
Endospores are a kind of cell wall tumour.
The primary trait of bacteria is their ability to generate spores or cysts, which protects them from severe environmental conditions. The bacteria may also live in extremely hot or cold environments. The bacteria also need food, light, and water to live. Some bacteria have the ability to photosynthesize or feed on other living organisms.
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Which of the following best describes why scientists used the conversion of stored binary patterns to send an image to star cluster M13?
Scientists used the conversion of stored binary patterns to send an image to the star cluster M13 as a way to transmit data over long distances through space using radio waves.
What are binary patterns?
Generally, Radio waves allowed scientists to communicate data over vast distances via space by converting stored binary patterns into a pattern that could be decoded as an image. This was done in order to send a picture to the star cluster M13.
By encoding the information to be sent into a binary format, which can then be communicated as a sequence of radio waves, this technology enables the transfer of enormous quantities of information in a manner that is both efficient and accurate.
It is possible that the picture was selected as the data to be sent in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the technology or to test those capabilities.
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What triggers the release of protease?
Answer:
Injury and inflammation trigger the generation and release of proteases from mast cells (tryptase), epithelial cells, and neurons
Explanation:
2. How does sneezing protect us from germs?
Mario at lab table A needs a pair of forceps (tweezers). Max at lab table B tosses Mario a pair. In terms of laboratory safety, which best describes Max’s behavior? It demonstrates a lack of planning. It is unsafe and can result in someone getting hurt. It is safe and appropriate. It shows proper handling of equipment
Mario in lab table A needs tongs (tweezers). It shows a lack of planning.
Mario's actions of throwing the tweezers are unsafe and can even hurt someone.Just throwing or throwing the tweezers can lead to various unwanted incidents, so Mario carefully throws the tweezers into Mario. had to pass. This is against laboratory laws as safety is the number one priority when working in a laboratory.
Wash hands after handling hazardous materials, before and after eating, and before leaving the laboratory. Keep personal items separate from lab work. This prevents the spread of hazardous reagents and blocks potential exposure routes.
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Why is the e-waste harmful?
Answer:
the components used to make devices such as laptops, cell phones, and televisions, contain metals and chemicals known to harm human health
Explanation:
¿Qué características tuvieron las primeras células que aparecieron en la Tierra?
Nucleus plays an important role in cellular reproduction and cellular functions
It is true that nucleus plays an important role in cellular reproduction and cellular functions, but the reason given is not the correct explanation. The correct option is B.
What is nucleus?In terms of genomics, a nucleus is the organelle within a cell that is membrane-enclosed and houses the chromosomes.
In the nucleus is genetic material. The DNA in the cell is primarily necessary for both cellular reproduction and cellular activities.
Proteins and DNA make up chromosomes, which are found in the nucleus. The information needed to organise and build cells is contained in DNA molecules.
The functioning DNA segments are referred to as genes. It has been discovered that chromatin material in a cell that is not being dispersed contains some DNA.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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Your question seems incomplete, the complete question is:
Assertion- Nucleus plays an important role in cellular reproduction and cellular functions.
Reasons- Nucleus contains chromosomes which are made up of DNA which contain information for constructing and organising cells.
a) If both Assertion and Reason are the true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) If assertion is false but Reason is true.
A snake has scaly skin to keep from drying out in the desert. A cactus has sharp spines and a thick stem that keep water in. Which term describes such traits that help organisms survive
A snake has scaly skin to keep from drying out in the desert. A cactus has sharp spines and a thick stem that keep water in .Adaptations term describes such traits that help organisms survive.
In biology, there are three related definitions of adaptation. First, natural selection, a dynamic evolutionary process, adapts organisms to their environments, improving their evolutionary fitness. Second, it is a state that the populace has attained along that process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic characteristic or adaptive trait that has been preserved and has evolved via natural selection and has a functional purpose in each individual organism.
History has recorded descriptions of adaptation going back to the time of the ancient Greek philosophers Empedocles and Aristotle. Natural theology of the 18th and 19th centuries saw adaptation as proof of the presence of a deity. Charles Darwin suggested that natural selection should be used as the explanation instead.
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Full Question: A snake has scaly skin to keep from drying out in the desert. A cactus has sharp spines and a thick stem that keep water in. Which term describes such traits that help organisms survive ?
Recessive traits
genes
instincts
Adaptations
¿Qué es una fuente de luz?
The following passage (paragraph 5) mainly shows that fill in the blank_______. By the time Dale leaves college in 1908, his parents are still poor, but corporate America is booming. Henry Ford is selling Model Ts like griddle cakes, using the slogan “for business and for pleasure.” J.C. Penney, Woolworth, and Sears Roebuck have become household names. Electricity lights up the homes of the middle class; indoor plumbing spares them midnight trips to the outhouse.
Based on the short passage above. The passage mainly shows that corporate America is booming.
What is the passage about?The passage describes the state of the economy and society in the United States around the time when Dale leaves college in 1908. It mentions specific examples of companies and products that have become successful and well-known, such as Henry Ford's Model T cars, J.C. Penney, Woolworth, and Sears Roebuck retail stores.
The passage also notes that electricity and indoor plumbing have become more common in middle-class homes. All of these details demonstrate that the American economy is experiencing a period of growth and prosperity, as businesses are expanding and new products and technologies are becoming widely available.
Therefore, the passage implies that the prosperity of corporate America contrasts with the poverty of Dale's parents, suggesting that not everyone is benefiting equally from the economic boom
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what do you mean by environment conservation?
Answer:
Environmental conservation is the protection, preservation, management, or restoration of natural environments and the ecological communities that inhabit them.
Hope this helps! :)
Explanation:
In simple words environment conservation is basically the practice of us humans to save the environment from collapsing.
hope this helps.
Suppose that you ate a chicken sandwich on a wheat roll with lettuce, tomatoes, and onions for lunch. As you ate, you took in food molecules from both plants and animals. Explain why all the energy in the food molecules of this sandwich could be traced back to the sun.
Food provides the body with energy-rich substances such as glucose. When these molecules reach the body's cells, they are broken down in a series of processes to reform carbon dioxide and water, providing energy for the body to use.
The energy in meals is converted into energy that the body's cells may utilise through the process of cellular respiration. The sugars in your meals are initially processed into the simple sugar glucose, a monosaccharide. Remember that glucose is the sugar that the plant produces during photosynthesis.
All of the energy present in food molecules that humans consume may be traced back to the Sun's energy. This is because all food comes from primary producers, who manufacture food via the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process through which plants make food.
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a que se debe el origen de la variación entre los individuos de una especie
a. El medio ambiente
b. La selección natural
c. la reproducción sexual
d. un agente ignorado
Need help pls answer this!!
2. What is the resting phase for cells that are currently not in the process of division or cells that do not intend to divide, such as the nerve
cells in your brain?
Go
G2
Os
G₁
Answer: Go, all the other options are stages that involves changes to the cell during the cell cycle (e.g., G1/G2 = cell growth, and processes involving the organelles, Synthesis = DNA replication)
DDT and other pesticides used over 50 years ago are still affecting the environment today. Scientists have found these substances in recent glacier runoff. Glacier runoff occurs during the summer, when precipitation that has fallen on glaciers during the winter is released. Ice layers from existing glaciers have been analyzed. The results of this analysis show that the concentrations of DDT and other pesticides were highest about 10 years after the use of these substances was banned. This information shows that
A. DDT and other pesticides cause glacier runoff during the summer.
B. it takes humans over 50 years to analyze a glacier.
C. precipitation helps to break down pesticides.
D. the decision of one human generation may have an impact on future generations.
This information shows that the decision of one human generation may have an impact on future generations.
We must note that what happens in a generation usually affects the next generation. This is particularly important when considering the release of pollutant materials into the environment.
DDT is a persistent organic pollutant (POP). It is capable of remaining in the environment for a long time.
The impact of the decision of particular generation to use certain chemical substances will continue to resonate far into the future generations.
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_______waves do not require a medium, so can travel through a vacuum
a)Electromagnetic
b)Sound
c)Ocean
d)Longitudinal
Answer:
Electromagnetic waves
Explanation: