Up to 5 years after the start of treatment, SCS is effective in helping patients with PDPN manage their lower extremity chronic pain symptoms. In addition, after 5 years, 80% of PDPN patients are still using their SCS device. Additionally, a 5-year follow-up shows that the severity of neuropathy is linked to a higher risk of long-term treatment failure.
Describe neuropathy:Neuropathy is characterized by harm to or dysfunction of one or more nerves, and the most typical symptoms include pain, numbness, tingling, and weakening in the affected muscles. Although they can affect other areas of your body as well, neuropathies frequently start in your hands and feet.
What are neuropathy's four stages?Neuropathy's stages:
Stage 1: Numbness and pain.
Stage 2: Persistent pain
Stage 3: Severe Pain.
Stage 4: Total numbness/loss of sensation.
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2. What is an example of an illness or disease that is transmitted by airborne transmission?
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
HIV
O
O
O
O
Common cold
3. Transmission of infectious agents within healthcare requires a certain sequencing of elements that allows infection to occur. What is this called?
Chain of command
Chain of infection
Chain of transmission
Chain of liness
Tuberculosis
O
O
MRSA
4. Which of the following is an appropriate guideline for maintaining safety when using sharps?
Activating the safety mechanism immediately after use
Bending or removing needles before disposing of them
Emptying small sharps containers into larger containers when full
Picking up broken glass with gloved hands
5. Breaking the chain of infection is critical to stopping the spread of infectious organisms.
True
False
Answer:
2. Common Cold
3. Chain of Infection
4. Activating the safety mechanism immediately after use
5. True
he nurse is taking care of a 10-year-old child admitted to the unit for a flare-up of sickle cell disease. the child is alert, oriented, cognitively a 10-year-old, and able to verbalize the pain. which pediatric pain assessment scale(s) is appropriate to use with this child?
Scale of Wong-Baker FACES
This scale may be used since the youngster is verbalizing their distress and has mature cognitive functioning.
Connie Baker and Donna Wong created the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale to measure pain. A succession of faces are depicted on the scale, ranging from a smiling face at zero, or "no harm," to a sobbing face at ten, or "hurts like the greatest agony conceivable."Analog visual scale (VAS)To know more about Analog visual scale visit:
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a client has been diagnosed with a heart attack and has been placed on beta-blockers to reduce the workload on the heart, as well as a statin drug and a low-fat diet to lower cholesterol. which level of prevention of disease would these therapies be classified?
A client has been diagnosed with a heart attack and has been placed on beta-blockers to reduce the workload on the heart, as well as a statin drug and a low-fat diet to lower cholesterol. These therapies would be classified as Primary and tertiary level of prevention of disease.
What is a Heart attack?When the blood supply to the heart is significantly constrained or blocked, a heart attack takes place.
The clogging of the heart’s (coronary) arteries is frequently caused by the accumulation of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. The fatty, cholesterol-rich growths are called plaques.
Atherosclerosis is the name for the accumulation of plaque. Rarely, a plaque may rupture, resulting in the formation of a clot and the obstruction of blood flow.
A section of the heart muscle might be harmed or even destroyed by a decrease in blood flow. Myocardial infarction is another name for a heart attack.
Treatment must be received right away if someone is to survive a heart attack. If you think you’re experiencing a heart attack, call 911 or get medical help right away.
Symptoms of a heart attack might vary. Some people experience mild symptoms. Others exhibit severe symptoms. Some people don’t exhibit any symptoms.
What are beta blockers?The primary uses of the beta blocker pharmacological class, which is frequently abbreviated as “blockers,” are the treatment of irregular heartbeats and the prevention of subsequent heart attacks.
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A drug is named dl-threo-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol, but is commonly know as Sudafed®. Which best describes the name dl-threo-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol?
A. This is the chemical name and it was termed by the FDA.
B. This is the chemical name and it was termed by the IUPAC.
C. This is the national drug code and it was assigned by the FDA.
D. This is the national drug code and it was assigned by the IUPAC.
The best description of the name dl-threo-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol is the national drug code and it was assigned by the FDA. Thus, option C is correct.
What are drugs?Drugs are defined as the substance except food that has been used to treat, or prevent, as well as relieve symptoms of a particular disease or condition that is abnormal.
The drugs can affect the function of brain as well as other parts parts of the body that leads to mood swings, feelings, awareness, thoughts and behavior. There are several categories of drugs and these are inhalants, narcotic analgesics, and CNS stimulants.
Therefore, The best description of the name dl-threo-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol is the national drug code and it was assigned by the FDA. Thus, option C is correct.
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Jo is training a new administrative medical assistant. Which of the following will Jo mention as a procedure that is to be followed both while closing and opening the office? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. tracking appointment status B. explaining payment policies to patients C. counting the cash box by two staff members in each other's presence D. signing in and registering new patients
The procedure that Jo will mention to the new administrative medical assistant that is to be followed both while closing and opening the office is:
signing in and registering new patients; option D.Who is an administrative medical assistant?A medical administrative assistant is responsible for providing clerical support to doctors, nurses, and other health professionals by performing various tasks such as scheduling appointments, filing documents, preparing reports, taking care of billing, and answering phones.
The various duties of an administrative medical assistant include
Checking patients in at the front desk.Answering the phone.Scheduling appointments.Interviewing patients for case histories and key information prior to appointments.Compiling medical records and charts.Processing insurance paymentsJo will mention to the new administrative medical assistant that a procedure to follow while closing and opening the office is signing in and registering new patients.
In conclusion, an administrative medical assistant is responsible for managing the front desk operations of a healthcare facility to ensure its smooth operations.
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a nurse is preparing to administer erythromycin ethylsuccinate 50 mg/kg/day po divided in equal doses every 6 hr to a toddler who weighs 32 lb. available is erythromycin ethylsuccinate suspension 200 mg/5 ml. how many ml should the nurse administer per dose? (round the answer to the nearest tenth. use a leading zero if it applies. do not use a trailing zero.)
The nurse should administer 4.5 ml per dose.
What is erythromycin ethyl succinate?
A prescription drug called erythromycin ethyl succinate is used to treat the symptoms of numerous bacterial infections. You can use erythromycin ethyl succinate by itself or in combination with other drugs. The medicine Erythromycin Ethyl succinate is a member of the Macrolide drug class.
Here,
According t the given data given in the question:
2.2 lb/kg x 32 lb = 14.54kg
50 mg/kg x 14.54 kg = 727.27mg
727.27 mg / 4 (Q6H) = 181.81 mg
200 mg/5ml x 181.81 mg = 4.54 mL
Therefore, the answer is 4.54 ml.
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a 5-year-old girl presents after falling off a shopping cart, tripping, and then falling onto her right arm. on examination, temp is 98.7, pulse 97, respirations 18, blood pressure 127/80 mm hg. she is alert, oriented, and in no acute
(1) Cubitus varus is the most common long-term complication associated with the radiology finding.
The distal humerus is misaligned in cubitus varus (gunstock deformity), changing the arm and forearm's carrying angle from its physiological valgus alignment (5–15 degrees) to varus malalignment. It has historically occurred up to 30% of the time after supracondylar fractures.
The main issue is its look rather than functional impairment. A supracondylar fracture's misalignment is the cause of this malformation. Varus alignment may develop from the medial column collapsing due to comminution.
It could also happen if the distal shattered piece extends and rotates internally. Typically, this deformity is static and does not change over time.
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Question correction:
A 5-year-old girl presents after falling off a shopping cart, tripping, and then falling onto her right arm. On examination, temp is 98.7, pulse 97, respirations 18, blood pressure 127/80 mm Hg. She is alert, oriented, and in no acute distress. Significant findings related to the right arm, which was mildly swollen, deformed, and diffusely tender. There was decreased range of motion of the right elbow due to pain. Sensation was intact. Pulses are within normal limits bilaterally. A radiographic examination was performed.
What is the most common long-term complication associated with the radiology finding?
1 Cubitus varus
2 Myositis ossificans
3 Median nerve injury
4 Ulnar nerve injury
5 Volkmann contracture
for a pediatric patient with a methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection, which discharge instruction should you provide for the patient and caregivers?
Answer:
Do not touch the wound - very easily spread by contact
Explanation:
See https://www.uptodate.com/contents/methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-mrsa-beyond-the-basics
which behavior by a preschool child indicates to the nurse that the child is in the appropriate stage of growth and development?
The behaviour related to creative play study, indicate to the nurse that the child is in appropriate stage of growth and development.
Preschool can inspire a lot of creativity. Drama, music, dance, art, and craft are all excellent learning and development tools during these formative years.
Creative study have following benefits to the prescholars.
cultivate your creativity and imaginationcreate confidence and improve in expressing emotionsexchange ideas, opinions, or experiences.enhance hand-eye coordination, and motor skills in the body. Practice making decisions, solving problems, and exercising critical thought.To know more about motor skills, refer this link
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which does a nurse thoroughly evaluate before a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) procedure?
Blood studies are thoroughly evaluated before a hematopoietic stem cell transplant procedure.
What is a hematopoietic stem cell?
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent progenitors with the capability for self-renewal and the capacity to regenerate every type of cell that makes up the blood-forming system.
HSC transplantation is the cornerstone of consolidation therapy, which is used to treat cancer and treat or lessen a variety of hematologic and genetic problems.
Due to their accessibility for ex vivo genetic alteration and the potential for continuous transgene expression in circulating peripheral blood cells throughout the course of an individual's lifespan, HSCs are also a desirable target cell group for gene treatments.
Therefore, for a hematopoietic stem cell transplant, blood studies need to be evaluated.
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the nurse is assessing a newborn by auscultating the heart and lungs. which natural phenomenon will the nurse explain to the parents is happening in the cardiovascular system?
The nurse assesses a newborn by auscultating the heart and lungs. The nurse will explain to the parents that Pressure changes occurred and result in the closure of the ductus arteriosus.
What is Ductus Arteriosus?
The patent ductus arteriosus is a persistent opening between the two major blood vessels that emerge from the heart (PDA). After delivery, the ductus arteriosus, a typical opening in a baby’s circulatory system while in the womb, frequently shuts.
If it remains open, it is referred to as a patent ductus arteriosus. Small patent ductus arteriosus typically causes no problems and may never need to be treated.
A large patent ductus arteriosus, which permits blood with low oxygen levels to flow in the wrong way, can weaken the heart muscle, cause heart failure, and other problems if left untreated.
Cardiovascular catheterization, medication, monitoring, or surgery to close a patent ductus arteriosus are all possible treatments.
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to get the best results when working out, it is a good idea to evaluate your starting point and to track your progress from there. what are some basic assessments and measurements that you can take to get started on your fitness routine? these can include exercises as well as body measurements. << read less
"You should weigh and measure yourself." is one if the basic assessments and measurements that you can take to get started on your fitness routine.
It's critical to measure your progress while beginning an exercise program so that you can determine when your goal has been reached. If your aim is to lose weight, you should weigh and measure yourself when you first begin so that you may contrast your initial results with your final ones.
If your major objectives are strength and endurance, it would be beneficial to compare your results from various fitness tests before you begin your training program and again once you have finished it to see how far you have come. By doing this, you will always be able to identify your objectives and decide where to start.
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a mother of a 1-month-old calls the health care clinic and tells the nurse that she is concerned because when her infant cries, the top of his head seems to push out. what question should the nurse ask the mother to gather more information about this finding?
A mother of a 1-month-old calls the health care clinic and tells the nurse that she is concerned because when her infant cries, the top of his head seems to push out.
The nurse should ask the mother to gather more information about this finding
"Does the bulging stop when the baby stops crying?"To lower the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), provide safe care for the baby.
Always place your infant in a crib or bassinet without any crib bumpers, blankets, quilts, cushions, or plush toys on a firm, flat mattress on their back, never on their stomach or side.
Whenever you can, breastfeed your child.
Till your child turns one, or for at least six months, when the danger of SIDS is highest, let your infant sleep in your room in a bassinet or cot adjacent to the bed.
Maintain a comfortable room temperature to prevent overheating. Don't over-bundle your baby and dress for the ambient temperature.
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a client is scheduled for a nerve-sparing prostatectomy. the emotional spouse confides in the nurse that the client will not talk about the cancer and/or upcoming surgery. which nursing diagnosis will the nurse choose as primary diagnosis for this client?
If the emotional spouse confides in the nurse that the client will not talk about the cancer. The nursing diagnosis that the nurse choose as primary diagnosis for this client is: b. Fear.
What is nerve-sparing prostatectomy?Nerve-sparing prostatectomy can be defined as a surgery carried out by a surgeon in which a patient prostate is removed and this procedure is done so as to prevent prostate cancer which can be deadly.
Fear occur when a person is anxious, scared or frightening about known and unknown issues or situation.
Based on the scenario the nursing diagnosis that the nurse choose as primary diagnosis for this client is fear based on the fact that the patient is scared or afraid to carryout the surgery which is why the client does not want to talk about the cancer and/or upcoming surgery.
Therefore the nursing diagnosis that the nurse choose as primary diagnosis for this client is: Fear.
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The complete question is:
A client is scheduled for a nerve-sparing prostatectomy. The emotional spouse confides in the nurse that the client will not talk about the cancer and/or upcoming surgery. Which nursing diagnosis will the nurse choose as primary diagnosis for this client?
A) Sexual Dysfunction
B) Fear
C) Knowledge Deficit
D) Ineffective Coping
a student nurse is assessing socialization skills in 3-year-old and 4-year-old children. which similar characteristics may be seen in the children of the two different ages?
A nursing student is evaluating the socializing abilities of 3- and 4-year-old kids. What common traits can you observe in kids of the two distinct ages?
What is socializing skills?
Interpersonal or communication skills are other names for social skills or abilities. These are the skills that people have and employ when interacting and communicating with one another. The method of communication may be non-verbal or verbal (spoken or written) (using body language, gestures and facial expressions).
Both are afraid. Children as young as 3 and as old as 4 are terrified. Children as young as 3 years old can play in both parallel and associative ways, whereas children as young as 4 years old can only play associatively. Children who are 4 years old can freely share family stories with others; 3-year-olds cannot. Children who are 5 years old are more motivated to please people than those who are 3 or 4 years old.
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with respect to permissions for uses and disclosures, hipaa divides health information into three categories. into which category do discussions with family members go? uses or disclosures that generally require oral agreement only. uses or disclosures that generally require specific written authorization. uses or disclosures that can generally occur without any specific permission from the patient.
With respect to permissions for uses and disclosures, hipaa divides health information into three categories, the category in which discussions with family members go to is under
Uses or disclosures that generally require oral agreement only.
The correct answer choice is option a
The purpose of collecting this information is to enhance quality healthcare services
Health informationHealth information can simply be defined as those information gathered about patients with the primary and principal aim of using this information to diagnose and treat patient appropriately.
When patients refuses, to give a false information, it poses a danger or threat to his health conditions which could lead to a greater risk.
However, one of the most important healthcare management is to assess the patient with the right health information
So therefore, With respect to permissions for uses and disclosures, hipaa divides health information into three categories, the category in which discussions with family members go to is under:
Uses or disclosures that generally require oral agreement only.
The correct answer choice is option a
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32. a young child with leukemia has anorexia and severe stomatitis. the nurse should suggest that the parents try which intervention? a. relax any eating pressures. b. firmly insist that child eat normally. c. begin gavage feedings to supplement diet. d. serve foods that are either hot or cold.
A young child with leukemia has anorexia and severe stomatitis. The nurse should suggest that the parents try the intervention (a) relax any eating pressures.
Leukemia is the cancer of blood. It is a broad term covering several types of blood cancers. The first symptoms of leukemia are very general like: fever or chills, persistent fatigue, weakness, frequent infections, losing weight, etc.
Anorexia is the eating disorder where the patient becomes extra cautious of gaining weight. the person may even have an inadequate diet to avoid weight gain. The person has abnormally low weight, weakness, low blood count, insomnia, etc.
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the nurse is initiating a therapeutic relationship with a client. which information would the nurse most likely include when explaining the purpose of this relationship?
The nurse is likely to include facilitating a positive change while explaining the purpose of the therapeutic relationship.
A therapeutic relationship, or therapeutic alliance, refers to the close and consistent association that exists between at least two individuals: a health care professional and a person in therapy.
The purpose of a therapeutic relationship is to assist the individual in therapy to change his or her life for the better. Such a relationship is essential, as it is oftentimes the first setting in which the person receiving treatment shares intimate thoughts, beliefs, and emotions regarding the issue(s) in question.
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the nurse notes that a sleeping newborn’s heart rate is 102 bpm. what action should the nurse take first?
The nurse should document this normal finding of heartbeat of this newborn baby.
What is heartbeat?
The cycle of the heart's muscle contracting, or heartbeat, starts with an electrical impulse in the sinoatrial node, the heart's natural pacemaker.
The nurse should document this normal finding. The heart rate of a newborn usually ranges between 120 and 160 beats per minute (bpm) with normal activity. It can elevate to 180 bpm when they are crying or drop to as low as 100 bpm when they are in deep sleep.
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If vaccination for meningococcal meningitis is required of all entering college students, this would be an example of which type of intervention?.
Preventive intervention is an example of the use of a meningococcal meningitis vaccine which is required of all entering college students in this type of scenario.
What is Preventive intervention?
This is referred to as the type of action which is directed at a population when they are not suffering discomfort or any illness at that particular point in time.
This is used to prevent incidences of sicknesses or diseases and different types of vaccines which are made are the examples of preventive intervention or medicine which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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if a nurse fails to monitor a patient's intravenous (iv) infusion, what complications could develop? (select all that apply.)
If a nurse fails to monitor a patient's intravenous (IV) infusion, complications such as infiltration, clotting in catheter and fluctuation in the amount of IV fluids, could develop.
What is intravenous infusion?A medical procedure known as intravenous infusion , or IV therapy, involves injecting fluids, drugs, and nutrients straight into a patient's vein. For persons who cannot or do not want to eat food or water orally for other reasons, such as diminished mental capacity, the intravenous route of administration is frequently utilized to rehydrate them or to feed them with nutrients.
The complications, which could be developed because of the failure of nurse to monitor a patient's intravenous (IV) infusion includes: -
Patient may experience infiltration.Catheter may clot off.Patient may receive less than the required amount of IV fluids.Patient may receive more than the required amount of IV fluids.To know more about intravenous infusion or IV, go to URL
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a client taking buspirone hydrochloride for 1 month is scheduled for a follow-up appointment. the nurse gathers data from the client and interprets that the medication is effective if the client reports an absence of which sign/symptom?
A client taking buspirone hydrochloride for 1 month is scheduled for a follow-up appointment. the nurse gathers data from the client and interprets that the medication is effective if the client reports an absence of sign/symptom Palpitations and anxiety.
Thus option 3 is correct.
what are the function of buspirone hydrochloride ?Buspirone is an anti-anxiety, anti-psycotic medicine which act on the brain of the unbalanced in people with anxiety, used to treat symptoms of anxiety like fear, tension, irritability, dizziness, pounding heartbeat etc.
This medication help to think more clearly, relax and take part in everyday life, make you less jittery and irritable, and may control symptoms such as trouble sleeping, sweating, and pounding heartbeat.
Buspirone is mainly works by affecting certain natural substances in the brain neurotransmitters. Thus option 3 is correct.
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Your question was incomplete, thus the probable question is
A client taking buspirone hydrochloride for 1 month is scheduled for a follow-up appointment. The nurse gathers data from the client and interprets that the medication is effective if the client reports an absence of which?
1. Delusions
2. Paranoid thoughts
3. Palpitations and anxiety
4. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms
on the board's website, the nursing practice section contains board position statements that provide guidance to help nurses practice safely. what is the board's position on the role of an lvn in the moderate sedation of patients?
LVNs cannot monitor patients who are experiencing moderate sedation or give pharmacologic medications to achieve moderate sedation.
What is an LVN?A licensed vocational nurse (LVN), often referred to as a licensed practical nurse (LPN), or vocational nurse, is a person who works in a hospital to provide care for patients who are ill, disabled, or have various types of injuries. To provide main bedside care for patients, an LVN typically works under the direct supervision of a registered nurse (RN), a doctor, or a mid-level practitioner.
Students must enroll in a vocational nursing school for at least one to two years in order to become a vocational nurse. They must also get a certificate, diploma, or associate degree in the subject. To practice, you must also pass a licensing test.
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the nurse is caring for an adult client who has developed a mild oral yeast infection following chemotherapy. what actions should the nurse encourage the client to perform? select all that apply.
The nurse should encourage the client who has undergone chemotherapy to:
Use a lip lubricantUse dental floss every 24 hoursRinse the mouth with normal saline.What is chemotherapy?Chemotherapy is a form of cancer treatment which uses one or more ant-cancer drugs to treat cancer.
Chemotherapy is used to treat cancer.
Due to the high doses of drugs treated at the cancer cells, chemotherapy usually have the effect of lowering the patient's immunity making them susceptible to diseases.
Therefore some side effects may occur as in the case of the patient who developed mild oral yeast.
In order to clear the mild oral yeast infection and to prevent further growth of the yeast cells, the nurse may recommend the following remedies:
Use a lip lubricantUse dental floss every 24 hoursRinse the mouth with normal saline.In conclusion, chemotherapy is used in the treatment of cancers.
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Note that the complete question is:
You are caring for an adult patient who has developed a mild oral yeast infection following chemotherapy. What actions should you encourage the patient to perform? Select all that apply.
A) Use a lip lubricant.
B) Scrub the tongue with a firm-bristled toothbrush.
C) Use dental floss every 24 hours.
D) Rinse the mouth with normal saline.
E) Eat spicy food to aid in eradicating the yeast.
functional connectivity, physical activity, and neurocognitive performances in patients with vascular cognitive impairment, no dementia
Early intervention will delay or prevent dementia at a critical stage known as vascular cognitive impairment, no dementia (VCIND).
According to the pathophysiology of VCIND, brain networks can be disrupted by a single lesion, and the aberrant Functional Connectivity (FC) of these networks causes abnormalities in the relevant neurobehavioral domains. In this study, we investigated the idea that the effects of physical activity (PA) on neurobehavioral function were mediated through disturbed striatal and anterior cingulate cortical networks.FC was positively correlated with greater average step counts/average distance, a better IADL score, and negatively correlated with longer TMB time to completion (seconds) in the brain networks anchored by caudal ACC seeds, whereas FC of subgenual ACC seed was negatively correlated with the same parameters.Early stage of dementia is called as VCIND.
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a patient is diagnosed with dementia. there has been an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) volume, but no increase in intracranial pressure. what type of hydrocephalus is this patient demonstrating?
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is the type of hydrocephalus is the patient demonstrating which is caused by increased CSF volume but no increase in intracranial pressure.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cavities or ventricles of the brain. It occurs when the CSF is unable to pass properly through the brain and spinal cord.
As a result, the ventricles enlarge and push against the brain. Normal pressure hydrocephalus can afflict people of any age, although it most usually affects the elderly. A subarachnoid hemorrhage, a concussion, an infection, a tumor, or issues following surgery might all cause it.
However, many people get NPH even without any of these risk factors. In certain cases, the underlying cause of the condition is unknown.
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some of the pressures leading to the development of resistant strains of bacteria include: a. overuse of antibiotics b. counterfeit drugs, poor prescribing practices c. poor patient compliance with taking prescribed drugs d. all of these are correct
Some of the pressures leading to the development of resistant strains of bacteria include:
overuse of antibiotics counterfeit drugs,poor prescribing practicespoor patient compliance with taking prescribed drugs d. all of these are correctCorrect option is D.
What are resistant bacteria?Resistant bacteria refers to bacteria which have developed resistant to the common antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections.
Resistant bacteria are no longer destroyed or killed by the common antibiotics due to mutations that have occurred in these bacteria.
Bacteria replicates at a very fast rate such that mutation occur at high rate in bacteria.
However, these mutations may not confer any advantage to the bacteria unless they are repeated exposed to the same antibiotics.
Other factors leading to resistant strain bacteria include:
counterfeit drugs,poor prescribing practicespoor patient compliance with taking prescribed drugsTherefore, repeated use of antibiotics results in resistant strains of bacteria.
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The large surface area of the inside of the small intestine means that this structure is.
The inner surface of the mucosa has many finger-like projections called villi. The villi increase the surface area of the small intestine, which helps it absorb digested food.
What is the inner surface of the small intestine like?The small intestine has special structures called intestinal villi, they are elongated projections formed by the epithelium (a group of cellular tissue). The main function of the villi is to increase the contact surface between the intestine and the chyme or chyle, depending on the stage of digestion.
With this information, we can conclude that The small and large intestine villi are lined by simple columnar epithelium, with microvilli and goblet cells.
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depression as a risk factor for poor prognosis among patients with acute coronary syndrome: systematic review and recommendations: a scientific statement from the american heart association
The American Heart Association should consider elevating depression to the level of a risk factor for unfavorable medical outcomes in individuals with acute coronary syndrome notwithstanding the heterogeneity of published research included in this study.
The American Heart Association's Scientific Statement and Manuscript Oversight Committees gave their approval to the writing group members. A thorough evaluation of the available literature was done on the relationship between depression and unfavorable medical outcomes following acute coronary syndrome, including all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and composite outcomes for mortality and nonfatal events.
The review evaluated the published research' strength, consistency, independence, and generalizability. 53 distinct studies in total—32 on relationships with all-cause mortality, 12 on cardiac mortality, 22 on composite outcomes—and 4 meta-analyses—met the criteria for inclusion. Regarding the demographic make-up of research populations, the way depression was defined and measured, the duration of follow-up, and the variables included in multivariable models, there was variation between studies. Although several individual studies had limitations, our evaluation found generally consistent links between depression and unfavorable outcomes.
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A client with depression receiving phenelzine sulfate suddenly complains of a severe headache and neck stiffness and soreness and then begins to vomit. The nurse takes the client's blood pressure and notes that it is 210/102 mm hg. On the basis of the findings, the nurse should obtain which medication from the emergency drawer of the medication cart?
A client with depression receiving phenelzine sulfate suddenly complains of a severe headache and neck stiffness as well as soreness and then begins to vomit, the nurse should obtain phentolamine medication from the emergency drawer of the medication cart.
The nurse should obtain phentolamine medication immediately from the emergency drawer of the medication cart because it competitively inhibits alpha-adrenergic receptors, which are largely excitatory responses in smooth muscle and exocrine glands, phentolamine exerts its therapeutic effects. This results in a relaxing of the muscles and dilation of the blood vessels so that this can be applied to the client.
The inhibiting effect of phentolamine on alpha-adrenergic receptors is only partially effective and rather brief. The medication is more effective at antagonizing responses to mediators produced at the adrenergic nerve ending than it is at antagonizing responses to circulating epinephrine and/or norepinephrine.
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