Answer:
D. world war 1
Answer: World War I
Explanation:
Who was credited in the mid 1950's with rewriting gospel songs into secularized, R&B tunes with a gospel-driven feel?
Answer:
Ray Charles
Explanation:
Ray Charles Is Creditied For rewriting the gosples During the mid 1950's
Martin Luther started the Protestant movement when he split from the church in 1517. Explain why
Martin Luther started the Protestant Reformation movement in 1517 by challenging the Roman Catholic Church's sale of indulgences, believing that salvation could only be attained through faith in Jesus Christ and that the Bible should supersede the Church's authority.
How was the Protestant Reformation sparked by Martin Luther King, Jr.?Martin Luther purportedly nailed his 95 theses, which were complaints to numerous practices of the Catholic Church, to the door of a German church on October 31, 500 years ago. Many people believe that this incident marked the start of the Protestant Reformation.
When did Martin Luther start dividing the church?In the year 1517, the German monk Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of his Catholic church. These Theses criticized the Catholic Church for selling indulgences (pardons for sins) and questioned the power of the Pope. As a result, he was excommunicated, which started the Protestant Reformation.
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Jack has 375 in. Of sand to pour into a rectangular prism. The base of the prism is 5 inches by 7 inches and the height is 9 inches
The rectangular prism has a volume of 35 x 9 = 315 cubic inches. Jack has enough sand to fill a 315 cubic inch rectangular prism.
We must multiply the rectangular prism's length, width, and height to determine its volume. The prism's base is described as measuring 5 inches in length, 7 inches in breadth, and 9 inches in height. These three figures multiplied together result in a volume of 315 cubic inches. Jack has enough sand to entirely fill the rectangular prism since his 375 cubic inches of sand is larger than the prism's volume. The volume of the prism needs to be smaller than or equal to the amount of sand available; otherwise, there won't be enough sand to completely fill the prism.
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In what way(s) has Mexico City’s government worked to reduce air pollution over the city? Check ALL that apply
Mexico City's government has worked to reduce air pollution over the city in several ways. The following options are all correct:
Enforcing strict vehicle emissions regulationsEncouraging the use of public transportationPromoting the use of bicyclesReducing industrial emissionsImplementing emergency measures. Options 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are correct.The government has implemented strict regulations on vehicle emissions, requiring all vehicles to pass regular emissions inspections or face fines or impoundment. The government has expanded and improved public transportation options, such as the metro and bus systems, to encourage people to use public transportation instead of driving.
The government has also implemented programs to promote the use of bicycles, such as building bike lanes and providing bike-sharing programs. The government has implemented regulations on industrial emissions, requiring factories and other industrial facilities to reduce their emissions or face fines. When air pollution levels reach dangerous levels, the government has implemented emergency measures such as closing schools and restricting vehicle use.
Overall, the government of Mexico City has taken a multi-pronged approach to reducing air pollution, targeting both individual and industrial sources of pollution and promoting alternative modes of transportation. Options 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are correct.
The complete question is
In what way(s) has Mexico City’s government worked to reduce air pollution over the city? Check ALL that apply
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29. After World War II, the United States announced. ,pleading military aid to any nations whose freedom was threatened by other nations
A. The Trauman Doctrine
B. The Marshall Plan
C. The Cold War
D. The Policy of Brinkmanship
E. The Monroe Doctrine
(Ps it’s not B)
Answer:
A. The Trauman Doctrine
the first european colony to declare independence was a(n) colony. a. english b. spanish c. portuguese d. french please select the best answer from the choices provided. a b c d
The first European colony to declare independence was the English colony. The thirteen colonies that declared their independence in 1776 from Great Britain, which had colonized North America, were the first European colonies to do so.
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish and Portuguese created huge colonial empires throughout the Americas, followed by the French and the British. These empires, which included parts of North and South America, were ruled by Europeans, who exported natural resources and forced the natives to work in mines and on plantations.
In the 1700s, British colonists in North America began to grow tired of the high taxes and lack of representation in Parliament imposed by the British government. In 1776, the thirteen colonies came together and declared their independence from Great Britain, citing tyranny and lack of representation as the reason for their action.
The American Revolutionary War, which began in 1775 and lasted until 1783, was fought between the colonists and the British. After several key battles, including the Battle of Saratoga and the Battle of Yorktown, the colonists emerged victorious, and the British recognized their independence with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
The success of the American Revolution inspired other European colonies to seek their own independence from colonial powers, including Spain and Portugal in South America. The fight for independence in Latin America lasted from the early 1800s until the mid-1800s, when most countries had gained their independence.
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Number these events in the order they occurred.
Andrew Johnson becomes president, and he is committed to carrying out Lincoln's plan.
Lincoln and Congress propose two very different Reconstruction plans.
Congress passes the 13th and 14th Amendments.
Congress puts Southern states under army rule.
Congress passes the Wade-Davis Bill, but Lincoln vetoes it.
The events in order they occurred are : Lincoln and Congress propose two very different Reconstruction plans .
2. Congress passes the 13th and 14th Amendments.
3. Andrew Johnson becomes president, and he is committed to carrying out Lincoln's plan.
4. Congress passes the Wade-Davis Bill, but Lincoln vetoes it.
5. Congress puts Southern states under army rule.
What strategies did Johnson and Lincoln have for Reconstruction?Lincoln's plan for reconstruction had three main goals: requiring ten percent of citizens of former Confederate states to swear allegiance to the Union, drafting new state constitutions, and offering full pardons to former Confederate soldiers and sympathizers.
What was the significance of Johnson's reconstruction plan?In 1865, President Andrew Johnson put into effect a plan called Reconstruction that did not give black people a role in the politics of the South and gave the white South a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom.
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A rectangular banner measures 4ft by 7ft. How much material do you need for nine banners?
Answer: 252 square feet
Explanation:
4 x 7 =
28
28 x 9 =
252
Benito Mussolini made himself dictator of ______ by promoting an aggressive brand of nationalism called fascism.
Benito Mussolini established fascism as the dominant nationalist ideology in Italy and used it to his advantage.
Fascism is a far-right political philosophy that supports militarization, radical nationalism, and a powerful centralised government run by a dictator. It fosters the concept that some people and groups are better than others and emphasises the state's priority over the individual. Fascist governments frequently repress dissent and resistance, and they may resort to violence and intimidation to further their objectives. Early in the 20th century, fascism developed in Europe, especially in Italy, and was characterised by totalitarianism, racism, and authoritarianism. The history of the world has been significantly impacted by fascism's legacy, especially during World War II.
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Which of the following is not a farming contribution developed by Vedic Age people?
Terraces
Enrichment of soil with manure
Metal plows
Irrigation systems
explain the causes of the farm problem in the late 19th century and its connection to populist politics in the 1890s. united states in the late 19th century. explain the impact on both the working and professional classes.
In the late 19th century, American agriculture faced a series of challenges that had a major impact on the country's economy and politics. These causes of the agricultural problem were closely related to the populist politics of the 1890s, which sought to address the concerns of poor farmers and workers.
The following is a description of the causes of the agricultural problem and its connection to populist politics, as well as the impact on the working and professional classes:
Causes of the agricultural problem:
Overproduction: as technology improved and production increased, crop prices decreased, causing farmers to lose money.Foreign competition: the importation of cheap agricultural products from other countries caused prices to fall further and reduced demand for local products.High tariffs: farmers also faced high tariffs that made it difficult to sell their products abroad.Agricultural debt: many farmers took on debt to finance improvements to their land and equipment, but low crop prices made it difficult for them to repay their loans.This problem had a significant impact on both the working and professional classes, as farmers experienced declining incomes and were unable to compete with larger corporations. This caused a growing resentment among farmers, which helped fuel the rise of the Populist Movement in the 1890s.
In conclusion, the agricultural problem in the late nineteenth century was closely related to the populist politics of the 1890s, which sought to address the concerns of poor farmers and workers.
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What important job did Washington have that was
coming to an end after eight years? When did
Washington point out that he disliked political par-
ties? What did he think people would do instead of
worrying about more important things?
George Washington served as the first President of the United States for two terms, from 1789 to 1797.
What important thing did it lead to?His presidency marked the end of his important job, as he chose not to seek a third term. In his Farewell Address in 1796, Washington expressed his dislike for political parties, warning that they would lead to the "mischiefs of the spirit of the party" and damage the unity of the nation.
He believed that people should focus on more important things, such as the welfare of the country, rather than getting involved in political factionalism. Instead, he called for a spirit of unity and patriotism to guide the nation forward.
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Explain how fascism, nationalism and militarism are related.
Fascism, nationalism, and militarism are related through their emphasis on authoritarian government, national unity, and aggressive use of military force.
How are fascism, nationalism and militarism related?The early 20th century political and social circumstances that arose in Europe gave rise to the ideologies of fascism, nationalism, and militarism, which are frequently linked and intertwined. Fascism is a totalitarian political philosophy that places a strong emphasis on centralised power, rigid social norms, and the superiority of a particular race or country.
On the other hand, nationalism is a political philosophy that emphasises the value of national pride, identity, and unification—often at the cost of other countries or ethnic groups. The belief in the significance of military might and the bold application of force to further political objectives is known as militarism.
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The 1887 Dawes Act attempted to
"Americanize" Native Americans.
Which of the following was NOT
part of the Dawes Act?
A. Native Americans were allotted pieces of their
former communal lands and had to learn to
farm.
B. Native American children had to learn English
and attend American schools.
C. Native Americans had to adopt English and
"American" ways, at the expense of their own
culture.
D. Native American tribes could keep their land,
culture, and language if they became U.S. States.
cademy of Besence. All Rights Reserved.
D
Option D is correct. "Native American tribes could keep their land, culture, and language if they became U.S. States," was not part of the Dawes Act.
The Dawes Act of 1887 was a federal law that aimed to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream American society by dividing up their communal lands into individual plots that were then granted to individual Native American families. The idea was that by turning Native Americans into individual landowners, they would become farmers and adopt the "American" way of life, which was believed to be superior to their traditional way of life.
Therefore, options A, B, and C were all part of the Dawes Act. Option A states that Native Americans were allotted pieces of their former communal lands and had to learn to farm, which was a key provision of the act. Option B states that Native American children had to learn English and attend American schools, which was also a provision of the act aimed at promoting assimilation. Option C states that Native Americans had to adopt English and "American" ways, at the expense of their own culture, which was another key goal of the act.
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the availability of helped fuel a land boom in the west, the end of which caused a financial crisis in 1819. multiple choice question. cheap land easy capital
The availability of Easy Credit helped fuel a land boom in the West, the end of which caused a financial crisis in 1819.
The Panic of 1819 and the related Banking Crisis of 1819 were economic crises in the United States of America largely precipitated by the end of years of warfare between France and Great Britain. Since the 1680s, these two countries have been at war with one another. In 1815, their conflicts were finally resolved.
In response to the 1819 Panic, some states created legislation that regulated banking activities and mandated that banks balance the quantity of paper currency they issued with the quantity of actual currency they retained. These were some of the country's early banking laws.
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The correct question is :
The availability of ____ helped fuel a land boom in the West, the end of which caused a financial crisis in 1819.
Which discovery led to a new trade good that improved the Gupta economy?
the number zero
the value of pi
iron forging
common surgeries
The discovery of the number zero is what led to a new trade good that improved the Gupta economy. The invention of zero by Indian mathematicians was a revolutionary concept that allowed for more advanced mathematics, including the development of the decimal system and the ability to represent numbers using a positional notation system. This innovation made it easier to conduct trade, commerce, and accounting, and allowed for more precise calculations of profits and losses. The use of zero in mathematics was a major contribution of Indian culture, and it helped to improve the economy of the Gupta Empire and beyond.
Select the correct answer.
Read the excerpt from the passage.
(7) ...I know that some Americans have asked a question that's particularly apt on Tax Day: Why spend money on NASA at all? Why spend money solving problems in space when we don't lack for problems to solve here on the ground? And obviously our country is still reeling from the worst economic turmoil we've known in generations. We have massive structural deficits that have to be closed in the coming years.
(8) But you and I know this is a false choice. We have to fix our economy. We need to close our deficits. But for pennies on the dollar, the space program has fueled jobs and entire industries. For pennies on the dollar, the space program has improved our lives, advanced our society, strengthened our economy, and inspired generations of Americans. And I have no doubt that NASA can continue to fulfill this role....
Which sentence gives the best assessment of the reasoning President Obama uses to support his claim?
A.
His reasoning is valid because he provides evidence of the positive economic and societal results of funding the space program.
B.
His reasoning is invalid because he is providing hypothetical results, not actual outcomes.
C.
His reasoning is valid because he uses rhetorical appeals to prove his perspective on the innovations of the space program.
D.
His reasoning is invalid because the reasoning he presents is unrelated to his evidence.
His justification is sound because he offers proof of the advantageous societal and economic effects of supporting the space programme.
What do rhetorical devices mean and how do they work?What are rhetorical devices. An audience can be persuaded or convinced to accept a speaker's or writer's viewpoint in an argument or persuasion by using a rhetorical device, which is frequently defined as a tactic or word choice.
What does a rhetorical device look like in a sentence?Hyperbole is a rhetorical trick used at the word or phrase level to exaggerate a certain point for dramatic effect. For instance, the bombing completely destroyed Berlin. This exaggeration is hyperbole because the city wasn't physically levelled.
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what is the date of the phase of the city of troy that scholars now believe was the troy of homeric epic?
The date of the phase of the city of Troy believed to be the Troy of the Homeric epic is circa 1250 BCE.
This is based on the archaeological record of the city, which includes the Bronze Age city gate and the great stone wall which surrounded the city.
Archaeologists believe that Troy VIIa, the layer of the city found most recently, is the layer that is most likely associated with the Homeric epic. The wall and gate of Troy VIIa date to around 1250 BCE and this coincides with the estimated dates for the epic poem.
This layer was discovered in the 1870s and has been the focus of archaeological research for decades.
The city was destroyed multiple times over the centuries, but Troy VIIa is believed to be the city that featured in the epic poem.
Evidence of massive destruction and fortification of the city walls during this phase also support the theory that this was the Troy of Homeric epic.
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true/false. For happily the Government of the United States, which gives to bigotry no sanction, to persecution no assistance requires only that they who live under its protection should demean themselves as good citizens, in giving it on all occasions their effectual support.
The statement "For happily the Government of the United States, which gives to bigotry no sanction, to persecution no assistance requires only that they who live under its protection should demean themselves as good citizens, in giving it on all occasions their effectual support" is true.
What is bigotry?Bigotry is the quality or state of being intolerant, harsh, and lacking in understanding toward individuals who belong to other social or ethnic communities. It may be expressed through unjust and demeaning words, thoughts, or conduct.
What does the US government stand for?The US government stands for justice, democracy, and equality for all of its citizens. It is the government's responsibility to provide a stable environment in which its residents can thrive and contribute to the country's progress. It is the government's obligation to ensure that everyone is free from discrimination, bigotry, and persecution.
The statement "For happily the Government of the United States, which gives to bigotry no sanction, to persecution no assistance requires only that they who live under its protection should demean themselves as good citizens, in giving it on all occasions their effectual support" is accurate. The US government disavows any discriminatory actions and has promised to provide equal opportunities for all of its citizens. It is the duty of each person living in the country to contribute positively to the welfare of the state by being good citizens and promoting the government's policies. So, the statement is true.
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what rather disturbing aspect of egyptian royalty do the ptolemy's adopt to portray themselves like traditional pharaohs?
The Ptolemy's, who were the ruling dynasty in Egypt from 305 BCE to 30 BCE, adopted the tradition of incest from the Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. In order to portray themselves as legitimate rulers and preserve their power.
The Ptolemies intermarried between brothers and sisters, father and daughter, and mother and son in order to keep their line of succession secure.
This disturbing tradition was a reflection of the Pharaohs' belief that the gods had given them power and they had the right to use it as they saw fit.
The Ptolemies also adopted many of the practices of the traditional Pharaohs, such as building grand monuments and temples to honor the gods.
They also believed in the divine right of kings, which allowed them to control their people through taxation and military service.
The Ptolemy's adopted these practices in order to create a sense of continuity and legitimacy to their rule, even though the practice of incest was a very disturbing aspect of their reign.
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Which war during the mid-1800s weakened the economy of the Ottoman Empire?
Answer:The correct answer is Crimean war. Crimean war weakened the economy of Ottoman empire. Crimean war was a conflict for militaries where russia empire lost their alliance of Sardinia, Britain, France and Ottoman empire. The cause of the conflict was christian minorities rights to Holy land and among the Ottoman Empire.
Explanation:
what were two essential reasons that the revolution resulted in such extreme radicalism and bloodshed in the terror, according to people who lived at the time as well as historians?
The two essential reasons that the revolution resulted in such extreme radicalism and bloodshed in the terror, according to people who lived at the time as well as historians are: 1. The economic crisis that the revolution was experiencing 2. The fear of counterrevolutionary and internal traitors was growing.
The French Revolution took place from 1789 to 1799. The French Revolution was a significant turning point in French history, resulting in the abolition of the absolute monarchy, the end of feudalism and the rise of nationalism.
The revolution was characterized by extreme radicalism and bloodshed, particularly during the Reign of Terror, which saw the execution of many suspected counter-revolutionaries and other opponents of the revolutionary regime.
The role of the press and the proliferation of newspapers and pamphlets were crucial in spreading revolutionary ideas and mobilizing the masses against the old order.
The French Revolution was a significant turning point in the history of France and Europe, and it shaped the course of modern history. It was a period of great turmoil, violence and upheaval that reshaped the political, social and cultural landscape of France and Europe as a whole.
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a book detailing the migration and resettlement of the irish all over the world as a result of the potato famine in the late 1800s is a part of
A book detailing the migration and resettlement of the Irish as a result of the potato famine in the late 1800s is part of Irish diaspora history.
The Great Irish Famine of 1845–1852 led to the displacement of millions of Irish people, many of whom left Ireland in search of a better life. The effects of this famine were felt all over the world, with large numbers of Irish emigrants settling in North America, Australia, and elsewhere.
The potato famine was a devastating event in Irish history, leading to the displacement of millions of Irish people and their resettlement in other countries. This period of migration has had a lasting effect on Irish culture, as well as on the culture of the countries that welcomed the Irish immigrants.
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why do you think that the enlightenment ideals of liberty and equality had such a major inluence on the american conlonists when they declared themselves independents of great britain
The Enlightenment ideals of liberty and equality had such a major influence on the American colonists when they declared themselves independents of Great Britain because the American colonists adopted these Enlightenment ideals and used them to argue for their own independence.
What were the Enlightenment ideals?The Enlightenment ideals were the philosophies and ideas that grew out of the Enlightenment movement, a philosophical movement in Europe that flourished during the 18th century.
Enlightenment ideals were based on the idea that individuals have a right to life, liberty, and property, and that government should be limited in order to protect those rights. Enlightenment thinkers believed that human beings were capable of rational thought, and that reason should be used to solve problems and improve society.
Why did the Enlightenment ideals have a major influence on the American colonists?The Enlightenment ideals had a major influence on the American colonists because they were used to argue for American independence. American colonists argued that the British government was violating their natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and that they had the right to rebel against a government that did not respect those rights.
The Declaration of Independence, which was written by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Continental Congress in 1776, reflects these Enlightenment ideals. The Declaration of Independence states that all men are created equal and are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, including life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
This document also argues that government should be based on the consent of the governed, and that people have the right to alter or abolish their government when it becomes destructive of their rights.
In summary, the Enlightenment ideals of liberty and equality had a major influence on the American colonists because they were used to argue for American independence. These ideals were based on the belief that individuals have a right to life, liberty, and property, and that government should be limited to protect those rights.
The Declaration of Independence, which was written by Thomas Jefferson, reflects these Enlightenment ideals.
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during the 18th and 19th centuries, europeans improved roads and bridges and built railroads in their colonies primarily to do what
During the 18th and 19th centuries, Europeans improved roads and bridges and built railroads in their colonies primarily to facilitate trade and transportation.
What were the objectives of the Europeans?The primary objectives of the Europeans in improving roads and bridges and building railroads in their colonies were to facilitate trade and transportation. The improved infrastructure served as a means of transportation for goods and people.
The Europeans desired to strengthen their economies by encouraging trade with the colonies, which could only be possible if the infrastructure was developed. In addition to that, the infrastructure in the colonies could assist in maintaining the colonies' social and political control.
The Europeans thought that by investing in infrastructure, they could keep their colonies connected and spread their influence across the world.
How did infrastructure help the Europeans control their colonies?The European infrastructure improved communication networks between different parts of the colony, which facilitated trade and transportation. The infrastructure also served to assert European control over the colonies since it allowed the Europeans to establish administrative centers and communication networks between them.
Agriculture, mining, and manufacturing are all areas where infrastructure developments had a significant impact. The transportation of goods, especially raw materials, was significantly enhanced by the establishment of new transportation routes, and it helped to boost the Europeans' economies.
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which of these statements about haiti's history in the world-system is false?a. france has repaid $22 billion to haiti as back-wages to families of former slaves and in forgiveness ofdebt it had forced upon haiti after its 1804 revolution.b. enslaved people of african descent in haiti helped overthrow the french colonial government in 1804.c. the united states denied haiti loans for development of water infrastructure in the 2000s.d. debt payments to france in the 1800s left little money for haiti to invest in infrastructure or industrialdevelopment.e. france enforced a trade embargo against haiti with warships stationed around the young island state inthe early 1800
The false statement about Haiti's history in the world-system is the option A. France has repaid $22 billion to Haiti as back-wages to families of former slaves and in forgiveness of debt it had forced upon Haiti after its 1804 revolution.
What is Haiti's history in the world-system?Haiti's history in the world-system is marked by colonization, enslavement, and imperialism. Haiti was colonized by the French in the 17th century, and it was the site of a profitable slave trade.
It became the wealthiest colony in the world as a result of its forced labor plantation system. In the late 1700s and early 1800s, enslaved people of African descent in Haiti helped overthrow the French colonial government, establishing Haiti as the world's first Black republic.
There are several statements regarding Haiti's history in the world-system in the question, and they are as follows:
France has repaid $22 billion to Haiti as back-wages to families of former slaves and in forgiveness of debt it had forced upon Haiti after its 1804 revolution. This is the false statement among the options given. France has never paid back the $22 billion debt owed to Haiti.
Enslaved people of African descent in Haiti helped overthrow the French colonial government in 1804.This statement is true. The slaves in Haiti revolted against their colonial masters and succeeded in overthrowing the French colonial government.
The United States denied Haiti loans for the development of water infrastructure in the 2000s.This statement is true. Haiti had been denied loans by the United States for the development of water infrastructure, and this affected the country's economy and development.
Debt payments to France in the 1800s left little money for Haiti to invest in infrastructure or industrial development. This statement is true. Haiti was heavily indebted to France for over 100 years after its independence. This left little money for investment in infrastructure and industrial development.
France enforced a trade embargo against Haiti with warships stationed around the young island state in the early 1800s.This statement is true. After Haiti's revolution, France imposed a trade embargo on the island nation. Warships were stationed off the coast to enforce the blockade.
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how was the process of florida becoming a state similar to what happened in the missouri compromise
once the constitution was ratified, leaders such as thomas jefferson and james madison desired that the united states remain mostly a nation of
Once the constitution was ratified, leaders such as Thomas Jefferson and James Madison desired that the United States remain mostly a nation of farmers. Agriculture was the economic backbone of the United States during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Jefferson believed that an agrarian society would lead to self-sufficiency, economic independence, and political stability. He also believed that farming was a virtuous way of life that fostered civic virtues such as independence, self-reliance, and community spirit. In Jefferson's view, farmers were the backbone of society and should be given every opportunity to thrive.
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison were both farmers themselves and believed that a predominantly agricultural society was essential for the development and growth of the country. Madison, like Jefferson, believed that agriculture was the foundation of American prosperity.
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What crime was Marcus Garvey eventually convicted for? What was unusual about his trial?
why did california’s request for statehood cause alarm among southerners?
California's solicitation for statehood caused caution among southerners since California's new constitution restricts servitude. To fulfill the North, the trade-off given that California would be conceded as a free state.
In 1849, California mentioned statehood. California's new constitution, then again, banned subjugation. Numerous Southerners cautioned that conceding California as a free state would disturb the equilibrium between slave and free states, successfully making slave expresses a minority.
California's application for statehood created a ruckus since it was applying as a non-slave state. The slave states and non-slave states stayed away from the struggle by continuously having an equivalent measure of slave and non-slave states, be that as it may, California would agitate this equilibrium.
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