the tragedy of the commons occurs because the good being produced is: a. nonrival. b. rival and nonexcludable. c. rival and excludable. d. nonrival and nonexcludable. e. excludable.

In a genuine smile, the cheek muscles are pulled back, and the muscles around the eyes also contract.

This type of smile, known as the Duchenne smile, involves both the zygomatic major muscles, which control the corners of the mouth, and the orbicularis oculi muscles, which surround the eyes.

The combination of these muscle contractions results in a warm, sincere expression that reflects happiness or positive emotions.

A genuine smile is often involuntary and can be a reliable indicator of a person's emotional state. In contrast, a fake smile typically only involves the zygomatic major muscles, without engaging the muscles around the eyes.

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The most appropriate manipulative to help students with putting fractions in order from least to greatest would be fraction bars.

Fraction bars are a great manipulative to help students visualize and understand fractions. With fraction bars, students can physically manipulate the bars to compare and order fractions. This helps them to see the relationship between the numerator and denominator and how they affect the size of the fraction.

To use fraction bars for ordering fractions, the teacher can provide each student with a set of bars that represent different fractions. The students can then physically arrange the bars in order from least to greatest. This allows them to see how the bars get longer as the fractions get larger.

Using fraction bars can also help students with equivalent fractions. They can see how different fractions can represent the same amount and order them accordingly. Overall, fraction bars are an effective tool for teaching fraction concepts and helping students to better understand and apply them.

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Answer:  It gives citizens a right to revolt if the state acts unjustly towards them.

According to Thomas Hobbes, the contract that gives rise to the state is a social contract between individuals who agree to surrender their individual rights and freedoms to a sovereign in exchange for protection and security.

The social contract is predicated on a voluntary agreement between individuals, which Hobbes did not think to be genuine.

Unlike other social contract theorists such as John Locke, who maintained that the social contract is founded on individual consent, Hobbes believed that people engage into the social contract because of necessity rather than choice.

The social contract, according to Hobbes, is not a voluntary agreement, but rather a necessary means of establishing order and preventing violence.

Hobbes also felt that once the social contract was created, the sovereign had unlimited power and could not be deposed by the people.

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During the progressive era, which roughly spanned from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, the federal government became increasingly involved in regulating economic and social issues in response to a growing sense of social and economic inequality.

This trend continued through the period of 1900-1930, as the federal government took on a more active role in addressing a range of pressing issues facing American society.
One of the key issues that the federal government tackled during this period was the problem of child labor.

Prior to the progressive era, child labor was a widespread practice in the United States, with many children as young as six or seven years old working long hours in dangerous and often exploitative conditions.

In response to growing public outcry over this issue, Congress passed the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act in 1916, which prohibited the interstate shipment of goods produced by child labor.

Although the Supreme Court later struck down this law as unconstitutional, the federal government's involvement in regulating child labor set an important precedent for future labor laws and helped to raise public awareness about the problem of child labor.

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In an object-oriented programming language like Java, the class that handles interaction with the celebrity objects would depend on the specific design and structure of the program.

Generally speaking, the class responsible for handling interaction would be one that has access to the celebrity objects and has methods that allow for manipulation of those objects.

For example, if the celebrity objects are stored in an ArrayList, the class that handles interaction may be a Controller class that has methods for adding, deleting, and modifying objects in the ArrayList.

Alternatively, if the celebrity objects are represented as individual objects, the class that handles interaction may be a View class that displays the objects and allows for user input to modify the objects.

Regardless of the specific class that handles interaction, it is important for it to have well-defined methods that encapsulate the functionality needed for manipulating the celebrity objects. This ensures that the program is organized and efficient, and makes it easier to modify and extend the program in the future.

In summary, the class that handles interaction with celebrity objects will depend on the program's design and structure, but it should have well-defined methods for manipulating the objects and ensuring efficient program organization.

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The main goal of feminist reformers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was to achieve equal rights and opportunities for women, including suffrage, education, and economic independence. They sought to challenge patriarchal norms and promote gender equality in all aspects of society.

However, a countermovement emerged in response to their efforts. This resistance was largely rooted in traditional beliefs and values that emphasized women's roles as wives and mothers. Many opponents of feminism argued that women's natural place was in the home, and that their involvement in politics and the workforce threatened the stability of the family and society as a whole. Others saw feminist reformers as a threat to traditional gender roles and feared that women's liberation would lead to a breakdown of the social order.

In summary, the main answer to your question is that the key goals of feminist reformers were to achieve gender equality and challenge patriarchal norms, while a countermovement arose to resist their efforts due to traditional beliefs and values that emphasized women's roles as wives and mothers.

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In George's authentic leadership model, the central component or "true north" is the leader's self-awareness.

Authentic leadership theory is a leadership approach that emphasizes the importance of leaders being true to themselves and their values, while also being aware of and responsive to the needs and perspectives of others. George's model of authentic leadership identifies five key components that make up an authentic leader: self-awareness, relational transparency, balanced processing, internalized moral perspective, and self-regulation.

Self-awareness is considered the central component of the model, or the "true north," because it provides the foundation for the other components. Self-awareness involves being aware of one's own strengths, weaknesses, values, and motivations, as well as how one's behavior affects others. By being self-aware, leaders can better understand their own leadership style and how they can best serve their followers.

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Some Buddhists take a Bodhisattva vow to help others. This vow is taken by those who aspire to attain enlightenment not only for themselves but also for the benefit of all sentient beings.

The Bodhisattva vow is a commitment to work towards the liberation of all beings from suffering and to guide them towards awakening. Those who take this vow practice compassion, wisdom, and other virtues that are necessary to fulfill their commitment. The Bodhisattva vow is a significant part of Mahayana Buddhism, and it is considered the highest aspiration for a practitioner. The idea behind the vow is that through selfless service to others, one can accumulate merit and eventually attain enlightenment.

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Elder neal a. maxwell said, "for a disciple of christ, academic scholarship is a form of worship."

This statement reflects the LDS (Latter-day Saint) belief that all truth is part of God's truth and that seeking knowledge and understanding is a way of honoring God. In this sense, academic scholarship can be seen as a way of deepening one's understanding of the world and the gospel, and applying that knowledge to serve others and contribute to the common good.

Additionally, the LDS faith emphasizes the value of education and encourages its members to seek learning by study and by faith. Therefore, academic scholarship can be seen as a way of fulfilling this spiritual obligation to seek knowledge and understanding.

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Infants as young as one month of age can distinguish speech sounds. Research has shown that infants are able to distinguish between the different sounds of their native language and other languages. This ability is known as phoneme discrimination.

It is crucial for language development. Infants are able to distinguish between sounds that are not used in their native language, but this ability decreases as they grow older and become more familiar with their native language. Studies have also shown that infants can detect changes in the intonation and rhythm of speech, which are important aspects of language.

This early sensitivity to speech sounds is an important foundation for later language development and can help infants learn the sounds and patterns of their language.

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The theory that proposes that group members of an in-group will seek to find negative aspects of an out-group to enhance their self-image is B. Social identity theory.

This theory suggests that individuals strive to maintain a positive social identity by favoring their in-group over an out-group, which can involve seeking out negative information about the out-group. This can lead to intergroup discrimination and prejudice.

The other options, A. Traits-based theory, C. Great man theory, and D. Realistic conflict theory, do not directly address this aspect of intergroup behavior.

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The answer is True. The sympathetic arousal theory and affective modulation are two possible explanations for exercise reliance.

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, arousal and emotion happen simultaneously. According to the James-Lange theory, arousal is what causes a feeling. According to Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory, emotion is the result of the interaction between arousal and cognition. The relationship between bodily arousal and how we cognitively categorise that arousal is the focus of the two-factor theory of emotion. To put it another way, experiencing arousal alone is insufficient; in order to experience an emotion, we also need to be aware of the arousal.

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Ciara will most likely experience empathy towards her daughter's pain and distress.

Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. As a mother, Ciara has a strong emotional connection with her daughter and is likely to feel her daughter's pain and distress as if it were her own. Ciara may also experience a range of emotions herself, such as worry, concern, and a desire to comfort and help her daughter. This is a natural response to seeing a loved one in distress, and it reflects the importance of social bonds and relationships in human experience.

In addition to empathy, Ciara may also experience a sense of guilt or responsibility for her daughter's fall, especially if she was present when the accident happened. This can be a common response for parents who feel a strong desire to protect and care for their children. Ciara may also feel a sense of fear or anxiety about her daughter's well-being, and may take steps to ensure that she receives proper medical attention or care.

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In the context of Expectancy Theory, the factor that evaluates the method or the perceived relationship between performance and outcome is Instrumentality. The correct answer is a.

Expectancy Theory, developed by Victor Vroom, is a psychological model that aims to explain how individuals make decisions regarding their motivation and effort in various situations. The theory comprises three key components: Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence.

Expectancy refers to an individual's belief that their effort will lead to the desired performance level. It reflects the individual's self-efficacy or confidence in their ability to achieve a specific goal.

Instrumentality, the factor in question, represents the perceived probability that a particular performance level will result in the attainment of a certain outcome. It evaluates the method by examining the connection between performance and the subsequent reward or consequence. In other words, Instrumentality assesses whether the chosen method will lead to the desired outcome.

Valence refers to the value or attractiveness of the outcome or reward to the individual. It takes into account the importance and personal preference for the anticipated outcome.

In summary, Instrumentality is the component of Expectancy Theory that evaluates the method by determining the perceived relationship between performance and outcome. By understanding this relationship, individuals can gauge the effectiveness of their chosen approach and make informed decisions about their motivation and effort levels

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Perceived support is a functional measure of social support. It refers to the belief that social support is available when needed, and it is not necessarily highly correlated with received support.

While received support is an objective measure of the actual support one receives, perceived support is a subjective measure of one's belief about the availability and effectiveness of that support. Perceived support is important for everyone, not just those engaged in high-risk health behaviors, as it can impact overall well-being and health outcomes. It is not the same as feelings of isolation and not belonging, but it can help mitigate those feelings.

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He more important to study Strong evidence that the lceman was shot in the back is provided by the statement from" as X-rays show an arrowhead buried deeply in the lceman's left shoulder.

An injury that was undoubtedly not self-inflicted evidence is a term for proof or things that offer accurate information based on real-world occurrences.This factual data aids in determining whether the events actually occurred or not. It aids in confirming the reliability of the sources. The earlier x-rays showed a huge triangular tumour in Otzi's left shoulder. Its density was five times that of bone, according to Gostner's estimate. Stone was used to make it. It had an arrowhead-like appearance.

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The Hands-Free Georgia Act, which went into effect on July 1, 2018, prohibits drivers from holding or supporting a phone or other electronic device with any part of their body while operating a motor vehicle.

This means that drivers cannot use their phones to text, email, or browse the internet while driving.

The law also prohibits drivers from using any device to record or broadcast a video while driving, unless it is used for navigational or security purposes.

Additionally, drivers cannot use headphones, earbuds, or any other device that covers both ears while driving.

These restrictions aim to improve road safety by reducing distracted driving, which has been a leading cause of car accidents in Georgia and across the United States.

It's important to note that the law allows for the use of hands-free devices, such as Bluetooth headsets or car-mounted phone holders, as long as they do not require the driver to use their hands to operate them.

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The tendency for the demeanor, words, or expressions of a researcher to influence the responses of a participant when the researcher and participant are in direct contact is called the experimenter effect.

A detailed explanation of this phenomenon is that the experimenter effect refers to the potential for researchers' expectations or behaviors to affect participants' responses or behaviors in a study. This can occur in a number of ways, such as through unintentional cues given by the researcher or conscious biases in the way questions are asked or data is interpreted. It is important for researchers to be aware of this effect and take steps to minimize its impact on their study findings.

The tendency for the demeanor, words, or expressions of a researcher to influence the responses of a participant when the researcher and participant are in direct contact is also called "observer bias."

In this situation, the researcher may unintentionally convey expectations or cues through their behavior, which can affect how the participant responds. This can lead to biased results in the study. To minimize experimenter bias, researchers often use double-blind studies, where both the researcher and the participant are unaware of the conditions being tested.

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A problem-solving strategy that is usually fast but also is error-prone is known as a heuristic.

Heuristics are mental shortcuts that people use to quickly solve problems, make decisions, or come to conclusions. They can be useful in situations where time is limited, but they can also lead to errors and biases in thinking. Examples of heuristics include the availability heuristic, where people judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily they can recall examples of it, and the representativeness heuristic, where people make judgments based on how well an event or object fits a particular prototype or category.

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Answer:

In normalization, an attribute that is part of a key or is the whole key is known as a "prime attribute".

Explanation:

The main answer to your question is that a(n) learned, the automatic association between social categories and other attributes is referred to as implicit bias. This bias can be positive or negative and is often influenced by cultural, societal, and personal experiences.

Implicit biases are often unconscious and can influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions toward certain social groups without us even realizing it. These biases can have significant consequences, including discrimination and inequality. It is important to recognize and actively work to mitigate implicit biases in order to promote fairness and equity for all individuals.

Stereotypes are generalized beliefs about a particular group of people, often linking certain traits or behaviors to specific social categories, which can lead to biased judgments and expectations.

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Regarding the balance of conformity and deviance within a group, conformity is the level of agreement among group members on a particular course of action or belief, while deviance is the level of disagreement or dissent.

In any group, there will be a certain degree of conformity and deviance as members work together to achieve common goals or make decisions. Too much conformity can lead to groupthink, where members suppress dissenting opinions in order to maintain a sense of harmony and consensus, even if those opinions could lead to better outcomes. On the other hand, too much deviance can lead to infighting and lack of progress, as members become more focused on their own individual beliefs and goals rather than the group's objectives.

Achieving a balance between conformity and deviance is important for group cohesion and decision-making, as it allows members to express their opinions and ideas while still working together towards a common goal.

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Joe Rannazzisi, a former top DEA official, holds pharmaceutical companies, drug distributors, and some high-level government officials responsible for the flood of narcotics into American communities.

He has been a vocal critic of the pharmaceutical industry and its role in promoting and profiting from the over-prescription of opioids. Rannazzisi has accused drug companies of downplaying the risks of addictive painkillers and using their influence to block DEA efforts to curb the flow of these drugs.

He has also criticized distributors for failing to report suspicious orders and for shipping large quantities of opioids to pharmacies and clinics known to be "pill mills."

Additionally, Rannazzisi has spoken out against government officials who he believes have been too lenient on the pharmaceutical industry and its executives.

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This kind of behavior in cats can be attributed to their natural hunting instincts. Cats are born hunters and have an innate desire to chase and catch prey. Playing with their prey before killing it is a way for them to practice and hone their hunting skills. It also helps to exhaust and weaken the prey, making it easier for them to capture and kill.

Additionally, playing with prey before killing it may also provide a form of entertainment and stimulation for the cat. While it may seem cruel to us, it is important to remember that this behavior is natural for cats and is a part of their instinctual behavior. Studies show that domestic cats left to roam around outside can cause serious environmental disruption. One 2013 study in the journal Nature Communications estimated that cats kill upward of 1.3 billion birds and 6.3 billion small mammals each year in the United States alone, with the majority of the killings perpetrated by the country's 30 million to 80 million unowned cats, which include farm cats, feral cats and strays that are fed by humans, the researchers wrote in the study.

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Compared with those who are unhappy, happy people are typically more decisive and cooperative.

This is because happiness is often associated with a positive outlook, confidence, and a greater sense of purpose and meaning in life.

When people feel happy and content, they are more likely to approach challenges with a clear mind, make decisions with more certainty, and work effectively with others to achieve common goals.
On the other hand, unhappy individuals may struggle with feelings of pessimism, self-doubt, and anxiety, which can make them indecisive and less willing to collaborate with others.

They may feel more guarded and less trusting of others, which can hinder their ability to work as part of a team.
Of course, it's important to note that happiness is a complex and multifaceted emotion, and there are many factors that contribute to a person's level of happiness.

However, in general, happy people tend to have a more positive and proactive approach to life, which can help them to be more decisive and cooperative in their interactions with others.

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The most beneficial way to limit the environmental consequences of hazardous waste is to practice the three R's: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.

By reducing the amount of hazardous waste generated, reusing materials that can still be utilized, and recycling materials that cannot be reused, we can minimize the amount of hazardous waste that ends up in landfills or pollutes our environment. It is also important to properly dispose of hazardous waste through approved methods such as incineration, chemical treatment, or burial in designated hazardous waste landfills to prevent further contamination. Overall, preventing hazardous waste generation through source reduction and responsible waste management practices is the most effective way to limit the environmental consequences of hazardous waste.

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The neural model of post-traumatic stress disorder suggests that two systems are activated by trauma.

The first system is the brainstem, which is responsible for activating the body's fight or flight response. This response prepares the body to deal with immediate threats by increasing heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure. The second system involves the amygdala, which is responsible for processing and storing emotional memories, particularly those related to fear.

The amygdala becomes hyperactive in response to trauma, leading to a long-lasting fearful reaction. The locus coeruleus and ventral tegmental area are also involved in the development of PTSD but in different ways. The locus coeruleus is responsible for releasing norepinephrine, which is involved in the stress response.

The ventral tegmental area is involved in the reward system and may contribute to the development of addiction and substance abuse in individuals with PTSD.

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Most official proceedings concerning our daily lives come from local governments.

Local governments are the governing bodies of local administrative areas, such as cities, towns, counties, and districts. They are responsible for providing a wide range of services to their communities, including public safety, transportation, utilities, waste management, parks and recreation, and more.

Local governments are typically made up of elected officials, such as mayors, city councilors, county commissioners, and school board members. These officials work together to set policies, manage budgets, and make decisions that affect the local community.

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The process of distributing seats in the House of Representatives every ten years is referred to as reapportionment.

Reapportion is based on population numbers gathered from the United States Census Bureau's decennial census. Each state is allocated a number of seats equal to its population size, with a minimum of one seat allocated to each state. Because the overall number of House representatives is set at 435, the allocation of seats among states is changed appropriately.

Gerrymandering is the process of redrawing election district borders to suit a specific political party or organization. It is accomplished by designing district boundaries in such a manner that voters of a specific political tendency are concentrated in a single district, a practice known as packing, or by separating them into many districts, a practice known as cracking.

Gerrymandering can be used to give a political party an unfair advantage or to disfavor specific minority groups, with the purpose of keeping a specific party or group in power. It has the potential to undercut the notion of fair representation and erode democratic institutions.

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The client with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) who greets the sibling of a neighbor with a great big hug but then ignores the sibling 5 minutes later is demonstrating agonistic behaviour..

Splitting is a common behavior in individuals with BPD, where they tend to see the world in extremes of "all good" or "all bad." This can lead to rapidly shifting emotions, behaviors, and perceptions of others. In this scenario, the client may have initially perceived the sibling as "all good" and felt a strong positive emotion, leading to the warm hug. However, something may have triggered a shift in perception, leading to the sibling being viewed as "all bad" and ignored. Splitting behavior can be challenging for both the individual with BPD and those around them, as it can lead to unpredictable and sometimes contradictory behavior.

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