The Hershey Company is a leader in the U.S. chocolate and confectionery industry. The company was founded in 1894 by Milton Hershey and is headquartered in Hershey, Pennsylvania. Primary business activities include the manufacture and distribution of confectionery and chocolate products, food and beverage enhancers, snacks, and grocery products.
The Hershey Company’s position within the industry is one of leadership and innovation. In terms of competition, the company competes with large, multinational corporations such as Nestlé, Mars, and Mondelez International.
Recent developments include the acquisition of Ripple Brand Collective and its portfolio of brands in 2019, and the launch of its S’mores product line in 2020.
Looking forward, the Hershey Company is focused on continuing to drive innovation, build on its e-commerce strategy, and capitalize on new opportunities in emerging markets.
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Please elaborate on three things that you recently purchased, preferably in the last twenty-four hours the things can be items or services. Decide which purchase on your list stands out as most important to you and consider why you made that purchase decision. See if you can list three reasons. Now pretend you are going to sell that same item or service to a friend—would the three reasons remain the same, or would you try additional points for them to consider?
Students are required to form their essay questions as follows: (How to write your essay question)1-Opening paragraph (introduction)2-Main body with examples3-Closing paragraph (conclusion and your own opinion)
In order to answer this question, you need to start by listing out the three things you recently purchased, preferably in the last 24 hours.
These can be items or services. After that, you need to decide which purchase was the most important and consider why you made that decision. Make sure to list three reasons.
Finally, imagine you are selling that item or service to a friend and decide if you would use the same three reasons or if you would come up with additional points for them to consider.
To properly answer this essay question, you need to first introduce the topic with an opening paragraph. This paragraph should include some background information and introduce the items or services you recently purchased.
Then, in the main body of your essay, provide examples and explain why the purchase you identified as the most important is so important to you. Make sure to list three reasons.
Finally, end your essay with a closing paragraph. Here, consider if the three reasons you listed for the purchase remain the same when you are selling it to a friend or if you would need to come up with additional points. Additionally, provide your own opinion on the topic.
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CASE STUDYGM recalling 7 million vehicles for airbag problems after losing fight with safety regulator GM is recalling 7 million pickups and SUVs worldwide with airbags made by the same manufacturer whose airbags are linked to at least 17 deaths in the United States. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ordered a US recall on Monday, rejecting GM's argument that this version of the airbags didn't need to be replaced. The recall centers on a defect in airbags made by Takata, a now-bankrupt Japanese manufacturer, that caused the bags to explode, spraying shrapnel through the vehicle. In addition to the deaths, other drivers or passengers have been blinded or maimed. The decision comes more than six years after initial recalls linked to the Takata airbags began in 2014, ultimately becoming the largest auto recall in history. Prior to Monday's announcement, the US portion of the recall had already reached 63 million airbags in roughly 40 million vehicles. The airbag scandal has led to a slow and painful demise for Takata, which started out as a textile manufacturer more than 80 years ago and later came to specialize in seat belts and other auto safety equipment. "The sad saga of Takata ... has resulted in the implosion of one of the automotive industry's oldest and most successful suppliers due to technical hubris, mismanagement and a systemic corporate culture of manipulation," said Scott Upham, the CEO of Valient Market Research. Earlier this year, Takata admitted to manipulating and withholding key information about the faulty inflators for years, even after they started exploding in people's cars. It pleaded guilty in the U.S. to a criminal charge of wire fraud for which it will have to pay $1 billion, including a $125 million fund to compensate victims and their families. GM had previously recalled nearly 800,000 vehicles with Takata airbags, but had argued that its tests showed the airbags in these additional vehicles, which have a different kind of inflator than the devices in the earlier recall, did not pose a threat. The dispute between GM and the safety regulator has been going on for four years. On Monday, NHTSA rejected GM's argument and ordered it to recall 5.9 million of the vehicles registered in the United States. "NHTSA concluded that the GM inflators in question are at risk of the same type of explosion after long-term exposure to high heat and humidity as other recalled Takata inflators," said the agency. GM said it would comply by recalling those domestic vehicles and another 1.1 million of the same models elsewhere in the world. But it said it remains convinced the airbags do not pose a threat. "We believe a recall of these vehicles is not warranted based on the factual and scientific record," said GM. "However, we will abide by NHTSA's decision and begin taking the necessary steps." The latest recall will be expensive for GM, costing the automaker about $1.2 billion according to its most recent annual financial report early this year. Because of Takata's bankruptcy, GM will have to pay all costs itself. The company expects to spend about $400 million next year, and the additional funds in subsequent years. Only about 75% of the earlier recalled GM vehicles have been brought in to be fixed despite the fact that the recall started more than six years ago. The recalls are done at no cost to the vehicle owners. There is no deadline by which recalled vehicles must be repaired or replaced. The recall covers the Cadillac Escalade, the Chevrolet Avalanche, Silverado, Suburban and Tahoe and the GMC Sierra and Yukon, with model years 2007 to 2014. Question 1 According to the case above, it is clear that Takata did not meet all the criteria for supplier for a good supplier. Citing evidence from the case, explain the factors that GM did not consider when selecting Takata as a supplier. Question 2 Supply management must maintain a number of communication flows and linkages between other key groups within and external to the organisation. Explain GM's supply management's relationships with internal linkages, within the organisation as well as external linkages that may have been important in avoiding the mistakes in supplier selection.
According to the case, it is clear that Takata did not meet all the criteria for a good supplier because of their technical hubris, mismanagement, and a systemic corporate culture of manipulation.
GM's supply management's relationships with internal linkages, within the organization, are crucial for ensuring that all departments are aware of the supplier selection process and the criteria that are being used to select suppliers.
These factors led to the production of faulty airbags that caused at least 17 deaths and numerous injuries. GM did not consider the ethical practices and the quality control measures of Takata when selecting them as a supplier. Additionally, GM did not consider the financial stability of Takata, which ultimately led to their bankruptcy and the inability to cover the costs of the recall.
This includes communication with the engineering department to ensure that the supplier's products meet the technical specifications, the finance department to ensure that the supplier is financially stable, and the legal department to ensure that the supplier is following ethical practices.
External linkages, such as relationships with regulatory agencies and industry associations, are also important for ensuring that the supplier is following industry standards and regulations. By maintaining these communication flows and linkages, GM could have avoided the mistakes in supplier selection and prevented the production of faulty airbags.
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Suppose there are two bonds, a 30-year zero coupon bond and a 2-year zero coupon bond. Currently, the discount rate, y, is 4%. Suppose we are short $1000 in par value of the 30-year-zero coupon bond. How much of the 2-year zero coupon bond do we need to buy to be approximately immunized from changes in interest rates?
We need to buy $14998.96 in par value of the 2-year zero coupon bond to be approximately immunized from changes in interest rates.
The formula for the duration of a zero coupon bond is:
Duration = Maturity / (1 + y)
Where Maturity is the maturity of the bond and y is the discount rate.
For the 30-year zero coupon bond, the duration is:
Duration = 30 / (1 + 0.04) = 28.8462
For the 2-year zero coupon bond, the duration is:
Duration = 2 / (1 + 0.04) = 1.9231
Since we are short $1000 in par value of the 30-year zero coupon bond, the duration of our portfolio is:
Duration = -28.8462 * 1000 = -28846.2
To offset this duration, we need to buy an amount of the 2-year zero coupon bond that has a duration of 28846.2. Using the formula for the duration of a zero coupon bond, we can find the amount of the 2-year zero coupon bond that we need to buy:
28846.2 = (Amount of 2-year zero coupon bond) * 1.9231
Amount of 2-year zero coupon bond = 28846.2 / 1.9231 = $14998.96
Therefore, we need to buy $14998.96 in par value.
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a Find the mean, the median, and the mode of data set: 25.42, 18, 37, 25, 18, 40, 57, 64, 66.85.36, 92, 85, 88, 92, 67, 33, 75, 85, 48, 60, 80, 60,50 b- Find the mean, the median, and the mode of data set: 12.37, 13.33, 32.67, 12.37, 26.45 c- Find the range, variance, and the standard deviation of the following data set. 10.17, 13, 12, 15, 18, 10, 17, 14, 16:22, 22, 17,23, 12. IS, 28,10,20,35 02
a) The mean, median, and mode of the first data set are:
Mean = (25.42 + 18 + 37 + 25 + 18 + 40 + 57 + 64 + 66.85 + 36 + 92 + 85 + 88 + 92 + 67 + 33 + 75 + 85 + 48 + 60 + 80 + 60 + 50) / 23 = 52.45
Median = (48 + 50) / 2 = 49
Mode = 18, 60, 85, 92 (all appear twice)
b) The mean, median, and mode of the second data set are:
Mean = (12.37 + 13.33 + 32.67 + 12.37 + 26.45) / 5 = 19.44
Median = 13.33
Mode = 12.37 (appears twice)
c) The range, variance, and standard deviation of the third data set are:
Range = 35 - 10 = 25
Variance = [(10.17 - 16.67)^2 + (13 - 16.67)^2 + (12 - 16.67)^2 + (15 - 16.67)^2 + (18 - 16.67)^2 + (10 - 16.67)^2 + (17 - 16.67)^2 + (14 - 16.67)^2 + (16 - 16.67)^2 + (22 - 16.67)^2 + (22 - 16.67)^2 + (17 - 16.67)^2 + (23 - 16.67)^2 + (12 - 16.67)^2 + (15 - 16.67)^2 + (28 - 16.67)^2 + (10 - 16.67)^2 + (20 - 16.67)^2 + (35 - 16.67)^2] / 19 = 38.67
Standard Deviation = √38.67 = 6.22
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LONG HOURS, HUNDREDS OF EMAILS, AND NO SLEEP
DOES THIS SOUND LIKE A SATISFYING JOB?
Although the 40-hour workweek is now the exception rather than the norm, some individuals are taking things to the extreme:
- John Bishop, 31, is an investment banker who works for Citigroup's global energy team in New York. A recent workday for Bishop consisted of heading to the office for a conference call at 6:00 P.M. He left the office at 1:30 A.M. and had to be on a plane that same morning for a 9:00 A.M. presentation in Houston. Following the presentation, Bishop returned to New York the same day, and by 7:00 P.M., he was back in his office to work an additional 3 hours' Says Bishop, "I might be a little skewed to the workaholic, but realistically, expecting 90 to 100 hours a week is not at all unusual."
- David Clark, 35, is the vice president of global marketing for MTV. His job often consists of travelling around the globe to promote the channel as well as to keep up with the global music scene. If he is not travelling (Clark typically logs 200,000 miles a year), a typical day consists of waking at 6:30 A.M. and immediately responding to numerous messages that have accumulated over the course of the night. He then goes to his office, where throughout the day he responds to another 500, or so messages from clients around the world. If he's lucky, he gets to spend an hour a day with his son, but then it's back to work until he finally goes to bed around midnight. Says Clark, "There are plenty of people who would love to have this job. They're knocking on the door all the time. So that's motivating."
Questions
Given that the two individuals we just read about tend to be satisfied with their jobs, how might this satisfaction relate to their job performance, citizenship behaviour and turnover?
In the case of John Bishop and David Clark, both individuals seem to be satisfied with their jobs despite the long hours and demanding schedules. Job satisfaction is known to have a positively correlation with job performance, citizenship behavior, and turnover.
This satisfaction is likely to be reflected in their job performance, as they are likely to be motivated and committed to their work. Additionally, their satisfaction may also be reflected in their citizenship behavior, as they are likely to be more willing to help their colleagues and contribute to the overall success of their companies.
Finally, their satisfaction is likely to be reflected in their turnover, as they are less likely to leave their jobs despite the demanding nature of their work. Overall, the satisfaction of these two individuals is likely to be positively related to their job performance, citizenship behavior, and turnover.
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Provide a synopsis of your EQ development during the course. Has the level of emotional intelligence (EI) changed? Synthesize your statement(s) with at least one EI learning concept which resonated with you
One way to reflect on your EQ development is to consider how you have responded to different situations during the course. Another way to reflect on your EQ development is to consider how your relationships with others have changed.
Have you been able to regulate your emotions and respond appropriately? Have you been able to empathize with others and understand their emotions? These are important aspects of emotional intelligence. Have you been able to form deeper connections with your classmates or instructor? Have you been able to communicate more effectively with others?
One EI learning concept that may resonate with you is the idea of emotional self-awareness. This concept involves being able to recognize and understand your own emotions and how they impact your behavior. By developing emotional self-awareness, you can better regulate your emotions and respond appropriately to different situations.
Overall, it is important to reflect on your EQ development during a course and consider how you have grown in terms of emotional intelligence. By synthesizing your reflections with EI learning concepts, you can gain a deeper understanding of your own emotional intelligence and how it impacts your relationships and experiences.
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ASAP
Form the Journal entry of the given transaction:
Judy Mason completed these transactions during the first month of her business’s operations:
Date Transactions
September 2 Talas invested P14,000 cash to start her business.
September 2 Paid monthly rent, P500
September 3 Paid cash for a Dell computer, P2,000.
September 4 Purchased office furniture on account, P3,600.
September 10 Purchased supplies on account, P300.
September 15 Performed service to customers on account, P1,700
September 22 Paid salaries, P200
September 25 Performed service for customers and received cash for the full amount of P800
September 26 Paid P1,000 for the office furniture purchased on September 4 and gave a note payable for the remaining accounts payable
September 30 Received P1,500 from customers billed before.
The journal entry for the given transactions can be formed as follows:
Thus this was Received P1,500 from customers billed before.
Journal Entry:
September 2: Cash Dr. P14,000
Talas Capital Cr. P14,000
(Talas invested P14,000 cash to start her business)
September 2: Rent Expense Dr. P500
Cash Cr. P500
(Paid monthly rent)
September 3: Computer Equipment Dr. P2,000
Cash Cr. P2,000
(Paid cash for a Dell computer)
September 4: Office Furniture Dr. P3,600
Accounts Payable Cr. P3,600
(Purchased office furniture on account)
September 10: Supplies Dr. P300
Accounts Payable Cr. P300
(Purchased supplies on account)
September 15: Accounts Receivable Dr. P1,700
Service Revenue Cr. P1,700
(Performed service to customers on account)
September 22: Salaries Expense Dr. P200
Cash Cr. P200
(Paid salaries)
September 25: Cash Dr. P800
Service Revenue Cr. P800
(Performed service for customers and received cash for the full amounts
September 26: Accounts Payable Dr. P1,000
Cash Cr. P1,000
Notes Payable Cr. P2,600
(Paid P1,000 for the office furniture purchased on September 4 and gave a note payable for the remaining accounts payable)
September 30: Cash Dr. P1,500
Accounts Receivable Cr. P1,500
(Received P1,500 from customers billed before)
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A firm invests in a project that costs $100,000 and has the following projected net cash flows. When is payback expected? year 1 - $20,000 year 2 - $30,000 year 3 - $40,000 year 4 - $10,000 year 5 - $20,000 year 6 - $15,000 group of answer choices 7 years 5 years 3 years 4 years
7 years is the payback expected time when A firm invests in a project that costs $100,000
The payback period is the amount of time needed for an investor to break even or recover the cost of their investment. Payback periods that are longer are less appealing than those that are shorter. The payback period is calculated by dividing the investment amount by the annual cash flow. Account and fund managers utilise the payback time to determine whether to move forward with an investment. The payback period has the problem of not taking the time value of money into account.
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QUESTION 2: HURON LTD
Huron Ltd has identified an indication of impairment and is conducting an impairment review. The carrying amount of cash-generating unit is as follows on 31 Dec, 2021:
£
Goodwill
900,000
Property
2,000,000
Plant and equipment
1,500,000
Computers
600,000
Patents
300,000
Net current assets (net realizable value)
450,000
5,750,000
The whole of the company is considered to be a single cash-generating unit (CGU).
If a company continues its operations, it is estimated to receive £950,000 net cash-flows annually at the end of the year for the duration of next 4 years. The discount rate is calculated to be 7%.
Fair value less cost to sell for CGU is estimated to be £3,050,000.
The net realizable value of the property is £1,300,000 only.
For computers, only half of the value can be recovered. Net Current Assets are recovered in full.
Required
Calculate whether an impairment loss has occurred and if so, prepare a revised schedule for Venus Ltd as at 31 Dec 2018. Show your workings fully clearly showing impairment allocation and revised carrying values.
The Present Value of future cash-flows (after deducting the costs of disposal of assets) = £2,800,000
To answer this question, we need to calculate whether an impairment loss has occurred for Huron Ltd as at 31 Dec, 2021. To do this, we need to calculate the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit (CGU).
Recoverable amount of the CGU = Higher of fair value less cost to sell or Value in Use
Fair value less cost to sell = £3,050,000
Value in Use = Present Value of future cash-flows (after deducting the costs of disposal of assets)
The costs of disposal of assets include the following:
- Net realizable value of property = £1,300,000
- Net realizable value of computers = £300,000
- Net current assets = £450,000
Therefore, the Present Value of future cash-flows (after deducting the costs of disposal of assets) = £2,800,000
The recoverable amount of the CGU = Higher of fair value less cost to sell or Value in Use = Higher of £3,050,000 or £2,800,000 = £3,050,000
Therefore, an impairment loss of £1,200,000 (5,750,000 - 3,050,000) has occurred.
The revised schedule for Venus Ltd as at 31 Dec 2021 is shown below:
Goodwill: £900,000
Property: £1,300,000
Plant and Equipment: £1,500,000
Computers: £300,000
Patents: £300,000
Net current assets (net realizable value): £450,000
Total carrying value: £4,550,000
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Kilmer Corporation began the year with retained earnings of $930,000. During the year, the company issued $1,260,000 of common stock, recorded expenses of $3,600,000, and paid dividends of $240,000. If Kilmer's ending retained earnings was $990,000, what was the company's revenue for the year?
a. $3,660,000
b. $3,900,000
c. $50,169,000
d. $4,920,000
The company's revenue for the year $3,900,000. The correct answer is b.
To find the company's revenue for the year, we can use the formula:
Ending Retained Earnings = Beginning Retained Earnings + Revenue - Expenses - Dividends
We can rearrange this formula to solve for revenue:
Revenue = Ending Retained Earnings - Beginning Retained Earnings + Expenses + Dividends
Plugging in the given values:
Revenue = $990,000 - $930,000 + $3,600,000 + $240,000
Simplifying:
Revenue = $60,000 + $3,600,000 + $240,000
Revenue = $3,900,000
Therefore, the company's revenue for the year was $3,900,000. The correct answer is b.
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Question 2. Evaluate how a restaurant may use non-verbal
communication to influence the customers. 5 marks (Topic:
Marketing)
A restaurant may use non-verbal communication to influence customers in the following ways like Appearance,Menu design,Seating arrangement,Music,Gestures.
1. Appearance: The appearance of the restaurant, including its decor, cleanliness, and staff uniforms, can communicate a level of professionalism and attention to detail that can influence customers' perceptions of the restaurant.
2. Menu design: The design of the menu, including font choice, layout, and use of images, can communicate the restaurant's style and influence customers' choices.
3. Seating arrangement: The arrangement of tables and chairs in the restaurant can communicate a sense of intimacy or openness, which can influence customers' comfort levels.
4. Music: The choice of music played in the restaurant can communicate the restaurant's ambiance and influence customers' moods.
5. Gestures: The gestures used by staff, such as pointing to menu items or using hand signals to communicate with other staff, can communicate efficiency and professionalism, which can influence customers' perceptions of the restaurant.
Overall, non-verbal communication plays a crucial role in the marketing of a restaurant and can have a significant impact on customers' experiences.
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The 10 Tenets of Environmental management 1. Discuss the weaknesses of the following tenets of environmental management a. Ecological sustainable b.Technologically feasible c. Economically viable d. socially desirable/ tolerable
e. legally permissible
Difficult to measure the impacts of human activity, technology may not be available are some of the weaknesses of the following tenets of environmental management .
A. Ecological Sustainable: The weaknesses of this tenet are that it can be difficult to measure the impacts of human activity and to establish a balance between sustainable use.
B. Technologically Feasible: The weaknesses of this tenet are that technology may not be available or affordable for many projects.
C. Economically Viable: The weaknesses of this tenet are that the cost of some projects may be too high for certain regions or populations.
D. Socially Desirable/Tolerable: The weaknesses of this tenet are that there can be conflict between different social groups, and that not all stakeholders may be able to participate in the decision-making process.
E. Legally Permissible: The weaknesses of this tenet are that different laws may be difficult to enforce.
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There are ???? tasks assigned to ???? workers, and each worker can be assigned only one task. Each worker can complete any one of the tasks, but the time spent varies. Use the ant colony algorithm to find the best allocation scheme that minimizes the total time spent.a) Build a mathematical model to describe the problem;b) Formulate state transition probability and pheromone update strategy;
The ant colony algorithm to find the best allocation scheme that minimizes the total time spent.
The problem of finding the best allocation scheme that minimizes the total time spent can be solved using the ant colony algorithm.
To do this, first build a mathematical model to describe the problem. This model should include the number of tasks assigned to workers, and the time each worker spends completing each task.
Next, formulate a state transition probability and a pheromone update strategy. This will help the ants in the colony make decisions when finding the optimal solution to the problem.
Finally, use the ant colony algorithm to find the best allocation scheme that minimizes the total time spent.
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One unit of A is composed of two units of B and three units of C. Each B is composed of one unit of F. C is made of one unit of D, one unit of E, and two units of F. Items A, B, C, and D have 20, 50, 60, and 25 units of on-hand inventory, respectively. Items A, B, and C use lot-for-lot (L4L) as their lot-sizing technique, while D, E, and F require multiples of 50, 100, and 100, respectively, to be purchased. B has schedule receipts of 30 units in Period 1. No other scheduled receipts exist. Lead times are one period for items A, B, and D, and two periods for items C, E, and F. Gross requirements for A are 20 units in Period 1, 20 units in period 2, 60 units in period 6, and 50 units in period 8. Find the planned order releases for all items.
To find the planned order releases for all items, we need to break down the information provided and solve the problem step by step.
First, calculate the net requirements for each item by subtracting the on-hand inventory from the gross requirements. The net requirements for A are 0 units in Period 1, 0 units in period 2, 60 units in period 6, and 50 units in period 8. For B, the net requirements are 20 units in Period 1 and 0 units in other periods. For C, the net requirements are 60 units in Period 1, 40 units in period 2, and 0 units in other periods. Lastly, for D, the net requirements are 0 units in Period 1 and 25 units in period 2.
Next, we need to calculate the lot sizes for each item. For A, B, and D, since they use lot-for-lot (L4L) as their lot-sizing technique, the lot size is equal to the net requirements. For C, E, and F, since they require multiples of 50, 100, and 100, respectively, to be purchased, the lot size is equal to the lowest multiple of those numbers that is greater than or equal to the net requirements. For example, the lot size for C is 100 units.
Finally, calculate the planned order releases for each item by adding the lot size to the scheduled receipts and the lead time. For A, B, and D, since they have a lead time of one period and no scheduled receipts, the planned order releases are equal to the lot size. For C, E, and F, since they have a lead time of two periods, the planned order releases are equal to the lot size plus two periods. For example, the planned order release for C is 100 units in Period 3.
To summarize, the planned order releases for each item are as follows:
A: 0 units in Period 1 and 0 units in Period 2B: 20 units in Period 1 and 0 units in other periodsC: 100 units in Period 3, 40 units in Period 4, and 0 units in other periodsD: 0 units in Period 1 and 25 units in Period 2E: 100 units in Period 3F: 100 units in Period 3 and 200 units in Period 5Know more about planned order releases here:
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How must personal information be secured to comply with the
requirements of the Commonwealth Privacy Act 1988? (APP)
Personal information must be secured in a way that ensures the privacy of individuals and complies with the requirements of the Commonwealth Privacy Act 1988 (APP).
Commonwealth Privacy Act 1988 (APP)This includes using appropriate security measures, such as encryption, to protect personal information from unauthorized access, modification, or disclosure. It also includes implementing policies and procedures to ensure that personal information is only collected, used, and disclosed in accordance with the APP.
Additionally, organizations must take reasonable steps to ensure that personal information is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, and that it is protected from misuse, loss, or unauthorized access. By taking these steps, organizations can ensure that they are complying with the APP and protecting the privacy of individuals.
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Harding Company is in the process of purchasing several large pieces of equipment from Danning Machine Corporation. Several financing alternatives have been offered by Danning: 1. Pay $1,080,000 in cash immediately. 2. Pay $411,000 immediately and the remainder in 10 annual installments of $89,000, with the first installment due in one year. 3. Make 10 annual installments of $151,000 with the first payment due immediately. 4. Make one lump-sum payment of $1,680,000 five years from date of purchase.
Required: a. Assuming that Harding can borrow funds at an 9% interest rate, determine the present value. (Use PV of $1, PVA of $1, and PVAD of $1) (Round "PV Factors" to 5 decimal places and final answers to the nearest dollar amount. ) Alternative PV
1 $
2 $
3 $
4 $ b.
Which is the best alternative for Harding? Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4
Given that it has the lowest present value, Alternative 2 is the most suitable replacement for Harding. Pay $411,000 immediately and the remainder in 10 annual installments of $89,000, with the first installment due in one year.
In economics and finance, the term "present value" (PV), sometimes known as "present discounted value" (PDV), refers to the worth of an expected income stream as of the valuation date. With the exception of periods of zero or negative interest rates, when the present value will be equal to or greater than the future value, the present value is frequently less than the future value because money can earn interest, a characteristic known as the time value of money. Time value can be stated succinctly as "A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow".
An investor or lender is involved in the financial project will decide how to invest their funds, and one method is to use present value. Since it offers the same return as the other projects for the least amount of money spent, the project with the lowest initial investment, or present value, will be chosen.
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Please help!!!
Due in about 20 minutes!!
Assume that you have been newly hired to a great company and you would like to keep your job. What are some of the strategies that you can demonstrate in order to keep your job in a competitive market? In a paragraph or two, describe at least three of these strategies and give reasons why you believe they are important.
As a newly hired employee, there are several strategies that you can demonstrate to keep your job in a competitive market. Firstly, you need to be reliable and dependable. This means showing up on time, meeting deadlines, and being accountable for your work. Your employer needs to know that they can trust you to get the job done and that you will take responsibility for any mistakes.
Secondly, you should always be willing to learn and improve your skills. You can take courses or attend workshops to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and developments in your industry. This demonstrates to your employer that you are committed to your job and willing to invest in your own growth.
Lastly, you should be proactive and take initiative. Look for ways to add value to your role and the company as a whole. This can include suggesting process improvements, offering to take on extra responsibilities, or volunteering to assist colleagues with their workload. By demonstrating these qualities, you will increase your value to the company and make yourself a valuable asset that they will want to keep.
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The Board of Directors of M/S Bajaj Auto Ltd. met and decided to make certain adjustments in the existing staff of its Akurdi plant. After the meeting, the Managing Director informally told his Secretary that there may be changes in the staffing pattern of Akurdi plant. The Secretary told her friends during lunch break that the plant would soon be laying off employees. Even though, she took a promise that they will not tell anybody, her friends sounded some employees of the plant about the impending danger. The employees’ union not only presented memorandum to the authorities but served a notice to go on strike also.
Questions(5M)
1. Identify the barriers of communication in the case.(2M)
2. Was there any encoding and decoding of message?(2M)
3. What lessons do you draw from the issue by assuming you as the Managing Director?(1M)
1. The barriers of communication in this case are the informal and unofficial nature of the information being shared, the potential for misunderstanding and misinterpretation of the information, and the lack of control over how the information is spread.
The Managing Director's informal conversation with his Secretary was not an official communication and therefore should not have been treated as such. The Secretary's decision to share the information with her friends, despite taking a promise of secrecy, also contributed to the spread of misinformation and the potential for misunderstanding.
Additionally, the employees' union's decision to take action based on unofficial and potentially inaccurate information further exacerbated the situation.
2. Yes, there was encoding and decoding of the message. The Managing Director encoded his message when he informally told his Secretary about the potential changes in the staffing pattern of the Akurdi plant. The Secretary then decoded the message and encoded it again when she shared it with her friends.
Her friends decoded the message and encoded it again when they shared it with the employees of the plant. The employees' union decoded the message and encoded it again when they presented a memorandum to the authorities and served a notice to go on strike.
3. As the Managing Director, the lessons that can be drawn from this issue are the importance of clear and official communication, the need for discretion when sharing sensitive information, and the potential consequences of sharing unofficial and potentially inaccurate information.
It is important to ensure that all official communication is clear and accurate, and that sensitive information is only shared with those who need to know and can be trusted to keep it confidential.
Additionally, it is important to be aware of the potential consequences of sharing unofficial and potentially inaccurate information, as it can lead to misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and unnecessary actions.
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Note section disclosures in the financial statements of a public entity that sponsors adefined benefit pension plan for its employees are not required to includeA. The components of periodic pension cost.B. The funded status of the plan.C. Reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income for the period.D. A detailed description of the plan, including employee groups covered.Which of the following defined benefit pension plan disclosures should be made in acompany’s financial statements?I. The funded status of the plans and the amounts recognized in the balance sheetThe amount of net periodic benefit cost recognized, showing its componentsseparatelyII.III. A reconciliation of beginning and ending balances of the fair value of plan assetsA. I and II.B. I, II, and III.C. II and III.D. I only.
Following are the defined benefit pension plan disclosures that should be made in a company’s financial statements:
"I. The funded status of the plans and the amounts recognized in the balance sheet";
II. "The amount of net periodic benefit cost recognized, showing its components separately";
III. "A reconciliation of beginning and ending balances of the fair value of plan assets"
Therefore, the correct answer is option B. I, II, and III.
A company’s financial statements should include disclosures about the funded status of the defined benefit pension plan, the amounts recognized in the balance sheet, the amount of net periodic benefit cost recognized and its components, and a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the fair value of plan assets. These disclosures provide important information to investors and other users of the financial statements about the company’s pension obligations and the financial health of the plan.
Therefore, option B. I, II, and III is the correct answer.
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Question 2 The Numbers Behind Not-for-Profit Organizations Accounting plays an important role for a wide range of business organizations worldwide. Just as the integrity of the numbers matters for business, it matters at least as much at not-for profit organizations. Proper control and reporting help ensure that money is used the way donors intended. Donors are less inclined to give to an organization if they think the organization is subject to waste or theft. The accounting challenges of some large international not- for profits rival those of the world's largest businesses. For example, after the Haitian earthquake, the Haitian-born musician Wyclef Jean was criticized for the poor accounting controls in a relief fund that he founded. In response, he hired a new accountant and improved the transparency regarding money raised and spent.
Required:
(a) What benefits does a sound accounting system provide to a not-for-profit organization?
(b) Identified FIVE (5) ways to prevent accounting fraud. Provide an example for each suggestion. (20 marks)
A sound accounting system provides several benefits to a not-for-profit organization. These include:
- Ensuring that funds are used in accordance with donor wishes and legal requirements
- Providing accurate and timely financial information to stakeholders, including donors, board members, and the public
- Helping to prevent fraud and misuse of funds
- Facilitating decision-making and strategic planning
- Helping to maintain the organization's reputation and credibility
There are several ways to prevent accounting fraud in a not-for-profit organization. These include:
1. Segregation of duties
2. Internal controls
3. Regular audits
4. Training and education
5. Whistleblower policy
Segregation of duties involves separating responsibilities for different aspects of the accounting process, so that no one person has too much control. For example, one person should not be responsible for both receiving and disbursing funds.
Internal controls include policies and procedures to ensure that financial transactions are properly authorized, recorded, and reported. For example, requiring two signatures on checks over a certain amount can help prevent fraud.
Regular audits: Conducting regular audits can help detect and prevent fraud. This could include both internal audits by the organization's own staff, and external audits by an independent accounting firm.
Providing training and education to staff and volunteers can help prevent fraud by ensuring that everyone understands the organization's accounting policies and procedures, and the importance of following them.
Having a whistleblower policy in place can encourage staff and volunteers to report any suspected fraud or other wrongdoing. This should include protections for whistleblowers, to ensure that they are not retaliated against for coming forward.
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How does traffic get from a VM to the physical network?
guest OS - guest driver - vmknic - port group - (d)vSwitch - uplink - vmnic - phsyical switch
guest OS - guest driver - port group - uplink - vmnic - physical switch
guest OS - vmnic - uplink - vmknic - physical switch
guest OS - guest driver - guest nic - (d)vSwitch - uplink - vmnic - physical switch
The traffic get from a VM to the physical network by guest OS - guest driver - vmknic - port group - (d)vSwitch - uplink - vmnic - physical switch. Therefore the correct option is option A.
Here is how the traffic flow works:
1. The guest OS sends a packet of data to the guest driver.
2. The guest driver then passes the packet to the vmknic, which is a virtual network interface card (NIC) within the virtual machine (VM).
3. The vmknic sends the packet to a port group, which is a logical grouping of virtual ports that provide network connectivity to VMs.
4. The port group then passes the packet to a (d)vSwitch, which is a virtual switch that provides network connectivity between VMs and the physical network.
5. The (d)vSwitch forwards the packet to an uplink, which is a physical network interface card (NIC) on the host system that connects to the physical network.
6. The uplink then sends the packet to a vmnic, which is another virtual NIC within the VM that provides network connectivity to the physical network.
7. Finally, the vmnic sends the packet to the physical switch, which forwards it to its final destination on the physical network.
In this way, traffic is able to flow from the VM to the physical network, allowing the VM to communicate with other devices on the network.
Therefore the correct option is option A.
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Your purchase a financial instrument which will pay $10 per year
for ever. If the interest year is 2%, what is its value?
The value of a financial instrument that pays a fixed amount per year for an indefinite amount of time is known as the present value of a perpetuity. The formula for calculating the present value of a perpetuity is:
Present Value = Payment Amount / Interest Rate
In this case, the payment amount is $10 per year and the interest rate is 2%. Therefore, the present value of this financial instrument is:
Present Value = $10 / 0.02 = $500
So, the Present value of this financial instrument is $500.
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An investor purchases 1000 shares of stock for $30 per share using a 50% margin. The margin requirement is 50%. From an asset and liability perspective, what does the investor's brokerage account look like immediately after the sale?
From an asset and liability perspective, the investor's brokerage account would look like this immediately after the sale:
Assets:
- 1000 shares of stock at $30 per share = $30,000
Liabilities:
- Margin loan of 50% of the purchase price = $15,000
Equity:
- The difference between the assets and liabilities = $15,000
So, the investor's brokerage account would have $30,000 in assets, $15,000 in liabilities, and $15,000 in equity immediately after the sale. This is because the investor used a 50% margin to purchase the stock, meaning that they borrowed 50% of the purchase price from their brokerage firm and paid the other 50% with their own money. The margin loan is a liability, while the stock is an asset. The difference between the assets and liabilities is the investor's equity in the account.
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What is the approximate duration of a 5-year zero-coupon
bond?
Group of answer choices
5 years
3 years
None of these
2 years
4 years
The approximate duration of a 5-year zero-coupon bond is 5 years.
The duration of a bond measures its sensitivity to changes in interest rates, and for a zero-coupon bond, the duration is equal to its maturity. Since a 5-year zero-coupon bond has a maturity of 5 years, its duration would also be 5 years.
A zero-coupon bond is a type of bond that does not pay interest to the holder during the life of the bond. Instead, the bond is issued at a discount to its face value, and the holder receives the full face value at maturity. The duration of a zero-coupon bond is equal to its time to maturity, which means that the duration of a 5-year zero-coupon bond is 5 years.
Therefore, the correct answer is 5 years.
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Income statement: 2024 sales revenue $ 2,500,000 cost of goods sold 1,300,000 net income 200,000 balance sheets: 2024 2023 accounts receivable $ 300,000 $ 200,000 total assets 2,000,000 1,800,000 total shareholders' equity 900,000 700,000 the return on shareholders' equity for 2024 is:
From the given income statement given, the return on shareholders' equity for 2024 is 22.22%.
What is the shareholders' equity for 2024To calculate the return on shareholders' equity for 2024, we need to use the following formula:
Return on Shareholders' Equity = Net Income / Shareholders' Equity
From the income statement, we know that the net income for 2024 is $200,000. From the balance sheets, we know that the shareholders' equity for 2024 is $900,000.
Therefore, the return on shareholders' equity for 2024 is:
$200,000 / $900,000 = 0.2222
We can express this in percentage
= 0.2222 * 100
= 22.22%
The shareholders' equity is 22.22%
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Taxation and Fundamentals of Tax Planning (HPAC4009) 21/22 ASSIGNMENT 1
Noel is employed by Global Inc ("Global"), a consultancy company in the US as project manager since 2015. His employment contract was discussed and signed in New York and his salary is paid directly into his bank account in New York. In April 2020, he was assigned to Hong Kong to handle a project for two years for the Hong Kong branch of Global. But he still reported his duties to head office in the US. The project required research to be conducted in the PRC and Hong Kong. During the year ended 31 March 2021, he worked for 145 days in Hong Kong, and 220 days in the US and PRC. (Assume 365 days in the year of assessment 2020/21)
The following are the information for the year of assessment 2020/21:-
(1) Salary for the year HK$1,400,000
(2) Bonus HK$340,000
(3) Noel lives with his family in a 2-rooms serviced apartment in Causeway Bay. The rental of the apartment is HK$30,000 per month and this is paid by Global. Noel paid HK$12,000 to join the clubhouse and was reimbursed half of this amount by Global as he would meet clients at the clubhouse for the purpose of fostering business contracts.
(4) During the year, Noel paid HK$25,000 to his family doctor for medical consultations in respect of his family. Noel produced all the medical receipts but Global only approved and reimbursed HK$10,000. Global has not established any medical insurance scheme.
(5) Global provided Noel with a car and a driver. The car was leased from a car agency in the name of Global, at a monthly rental of HK$6,000. The driver was hired by Global at HK$9,600 per month. The total petrol and maintenance costs for the car for the year were HK$80,000, all of which were paid by Noel and reimbursed by Global. Noel estimated that about 20% of the usage of the car did not relate to Global’s business.
(6) Global employed an amah for Noel at a cost of HK$4,500 per month and refunded Noel his utilities bills, which were HK$34,000 for the year.
(7) In January 2021, Noel donated HK$44,000 to the Hong Kong Red Cross.
(8) Noel contributed HK$20,000 to a retirement scheme in the US.
(9) Noel’s wife was not working. He maintained his unmarried daughter (aged 20) who is now studying a full-time degree program in the US.
(10) Noel’s father-in-law, aged 65, lives in a registered care home in Hong Kong and he paid care expenses of HK$120,000 during the year.
REQUIRED:
Q.1 Analyze with reasons the location of Noel’s employment with Global. (5 Marks)
Q.2 Compute the Hong Kong salaries tax liability of Noel for the year of assessment 2020/21. Ignore any provisional tax and tax rebate.
(20 Marks) (Total 25 marks) Due date: 7 March 2022 9:00AM Submitted to Soul, No marks for late submission Handwritten on A4 sized paper and scan in PDF format
Expert Answer
Tax liability of Noel for the year of assessment 2020/21 is HK$350,760.
A.1 The location of Noel's employment with Global is considered to be in Hong Kong since he was assigned to handle a project for the Hong Kong branch of Global for two years. Although his employment contract was discussed and signed in New York and his salary is paid directly into his bank account in New York, his work responsibilities and duties are primarily based in Hong Kong. This is further supported by the fact that he worked for 145 days in Hong Kong during the year ended 31 March 2021. Therefore, the location of Noel's employment with Global is considered to be in Hong Kong.
A.2 The Hong Kong salaries tax liability of Noel for the year of assessment 2020/21 can be computed as follows:
(1) Salary for the year: HK$1,400,000
(2) Bonus: HK$340,000
(3) Rental value of the serviced apartment: HK$30,000 x 12 = HK$360,000
(4) Reimbursement of clubhouse membership fee: HK$12,000 x 50% = HK$6,000
(5) Reimbursement of medical expenses: HK$10,000
(6) Car and driver benefits: (HK$6,000 x 12) + (HK$9,600 x 12) + HK$80,000 = HK$248,400
(7) Amah and utilities expenses: (HK$4,500 x 12) + HK$34,000 = HK$88,000
(8) Total income: HK$1,400,000 + HK$340,000 + HK$360,000 + HK$6,000 + HK$10,000 + HK$248,400 + HK$88,000 = HK$2,452,400
Deductions:
(9) Donation to Hong Kong Red Cross: HK$44,000
(10) Contribution to retirement scheme in the US: HK$20,000
(11) Dependent parent allowance for father-in-law: HK$50,000
(12) Total deductions: HK$44,000 + HK$20,000 + HK$50,000 = HK$114,000
Net chargeable income: HK$2,452,400 - HK$114,000 = HK$2,338,400
Hong Kong salaries tax liability: HK$2,338,400 x 15% = HK$350,760
Therefore, the Hong Kong salaries tax liability of Noel for the year of assessment 2020/21 is HK$350,760.
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Suppose a firm makes an EBIT of $50 million in perpetuity. This firm also has debt of $150 million at a cost of debt of 9%. The firm’s unlevered cost of capital is 12% and its corporate tax rate is 40%.
What is the value of the firm’s equity?
Suppose a firm makes an EBIT of $50 million in perpetuity. This firm also has debt of $150 million at a cost of debt of 9%. The firm’s unlevered cost of capital is 12% and its corporate tax rate is 40%. As per the given information the value of the firm's equity is $370.37 million.
The value of the firm's equity can be calculated using the formula: Equity Value = EBIT(1 - Tax Rate) / (Unlevered Cost of Capital - Cost of Debt * Debt / Firm Value)
First, we need to calculate the firm value.
Firm Value = EBIT(1 - Tax Rate) / Unlevered Cost of Capital
Firm Value = $50 million (1 - 0.40) / 0.12
Firm Value = $30 million / 0.12
Firm Value = $250 million
Now, we can plug this value back into the formula to find the value of the firm's equity.
Equity Value = $30 million / (0.12 - 0.09 * $150 million / $250 million)
Equity Value = $30 million / 0.081
Equity Value = $370.37 million
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1. Explain the development of brand personality of Rolex and Richard Mille separately. While doing that, students will need to give a timeline of product development, communication, distribution along with the identification of target segments for both of these brands separately. Basically, students need to decide clearly with these two examples, how brands should be working to clarify their identities with distinct personalities. Students will need to carry out an intensive study of the brands on their respective websites and other materials that they might find in the internet.
Rolex has been a leader in the watchmaking industry since its inception in 1905. Early on, the brand focused on creating highly reliable and accurate timepieces that could be used in outdoor and underwater activities.
Over the years, Rolex has developed its brand personality by focusing on luxury and opulence, creating iconic designs that have become status symbols. It has positioned itself as a brand of distinction, aiming to be the ultimate symbol of success and achievement. Its product lineup has evolved over the years to include a wide range of luxury watches and accessories, and its distribution network has been expanded to reach customers around the world.
Richard Mille, on the other hand, has built a brand personality based on its commitment to innovation and technology. Since its inception in 2001, the brand has focused on creating luxurious timepieces that incorporate cutting-edge materials and technologies.
Its products are designed to be lightweight and highly resistant to shocks, making them ideal for sports and everyday use. Its distribution network has also been expanded to reach customers around the world, and its marketing strategies have focused on communicating the brand's technical expertise and innovative approach to watchmaking.
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What is the present value of $10,000 paid at the end of each of
the next 66 years if the interest rate is 5% per year?
The present value of $10,000 paid at the end of each of the next 66 years, with an interest rate of 5% per year, is equal to approximately $1,129.66.
The present value of $10,000 paid at the end of each of the next 66 years, with an interest rate of 5% per year, can be calculated using the following formula:
Present Value = 10,000/(1+0.05)^n
Where "n" is the number of years in the future.
In this case, n = 66, and so the present value is 10,000/(1+0.05)^66.
Using a calculator, this calculation is equal to approximately $1,129.66.
The present value of a series of payments in the future is based on the concept of the time value of money. This concept states that money has a different value depending on when it is received. In this example, the value of the payments decreases each year due to the effects of interest.
The present value of the payments is based on the concept of discounting, which means that future payments are worth less than present payments. This is because future payments are worth less due to the effects of inflation. By discounting payments, the value of the payments decreases each year.
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All of the following are specifically identifiable intangibles except:
Trademarks
Goodwill
Patents
Copyrights.
Intangible assets that have a finite life are amortized over a period not to exceed:
Their useful life.
Their legal life.
20 years.
40 years.
Goodwill is not a specifically identifiable intangible asset and intangible assets with a finite life are amortized over their useful life.
The correct answers to the questions are:
1) Goodwill: Goodwill is not a specifically identifiable intangible asset. It is an intangible asset that arises from the acquisition of one company by another company and is not specifically identifiable. Goodwill represents the value of a company's brand name, customer relationships, and other intangible assets that are not specifically identifiable.
2) Their useful life: Intangible assets that have a finite life are amortized over their useful life. The useful life of an intangible asset is the period of time over which the asset is expected to contribute to the future cash flows of the company. The useful life of an intangible asset may be shorter than its legal life, and it is the useful life that should be used for amortization purposes.
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