Tax avoidance is completely legal and therefore there are no ethical considerations involved’ – Use theories and examples discussed in class to what assess to what extent is this statement true. (250 words max)

Yes, the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) program at FRCA will provide Board members with the information they need to fulfill their governance responsibilities. Yes, board really need information beyond the results reported in a company’s monthly, quarterly and annual financial reports.

The BSC program goes beyond traditional financial reporting by incorporating non-financial measures, such as customer satisfaction, employee engagement, and operational efficiency. This allows Board members to gain a more holistic view of the company's performance and make more informed decisions.

Additionally, it is important for Board members to have information beyond the results reported in a company's monthly, quarterly, and annual financial reports. Financial reports only provide a snapshot of a company's performance at a given point in time and do not always reflect the underlying drivers of that performance.

By using the BSC program, Board members can gain a deeper understanding of the factors that are driving the company's success or failure and make more informed decisions about the company's future direction.

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1.  The market value more accurately reflects the true value of the company,

2. The regression beta based on monthly price data over the previous 5 years is more relevant.

3. Treasury yield, as it reflects the current long-term interest rate in the economy

4. It is a subjective measure.

5. The current yield on high-grade corporate bonds with a maturity closest to the maturity of the company's debt.

6. Tax cost of debt for the WACC because interest payments are tax-deductible

7. It provides better information.

1. It is important to use the market value of equity rather than the book value in calculating the component weights on the sources of capital because the market value more accurately reflects the true value of the company, which will more accurately reflect the cost of capital.

2. The regression beta based on monthly price data over the previous 5 years is more relevant, because it provides a larger sample size and a longer period of time to capture more accurate market fluctuations, thus providing a more accurate estimate of the beta.

3. The most appropriate Treasury yield to use for the cost of capital calculation is the 10-year US Treasury yield, as it reflects the current long-term interest rate in the economy, and is most consistent with the duration of the debt that a company typically takes on.

4. There is so much difference of opinion regarding the estimate of the average Market Risk Premium because it is a subjective measure, as it is difficult to estimate the difference between the expected return of an investment in the stock market and the risk-free rate.

5. The most appropriate bond yield to use for the cost of debt is the current yield on high-grade corporate bonds with a maturity closest to the maturity of the company's debt. This provides an accurate estimate of the cost of debt as it reflects the current cost of borrowing for a similar company.

6. We calculate an after-tax cost of debt for the WACC because interest payments are tax-deductible and so the effective cost of borrowing to the company is lower than the pre-tax cost of borrowing.

7. The larger sample (the three comparable firms) may provide better information than the firm's own calculated WACC if the three companies are more similar to each other than they are to the company in question, as the WACC of the comparable companies can more accurately reflect the cost of capital of the company in question.

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True.Competitive advantage also acompanies distinctive capabilities or excellence in broader business processes.

 Competitive advantage is an advantage that a company has over its competitors, such as cost structure, product offering, distribution network, or customer support.

Distinctive capabilities are the unique abilities or resources that a company possesses that set it apart from its competitors. These capabilities may include superior technology, skilled employees, or efficient manufacturing processes. By tailoring a product to suit an individual customer's needs, a company can create a competitive advantage by offering a unique and personalized product or service. This can help the company differentiate itself from its competitors and gain a competitive edge in the marketplace.Thus the statement is true.

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The annual interest rate of Khalid's investment is 8.4%.

The annual interest rate of Khalid's investment can be found using the formula for compound interest: A = P(1 + r)n[tex]x^{2}[/tex], where A is the final amount, P is the principal, r is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of years.

In this case, A = $21,000, P = $10,000, and n = 2017 - 2008 = 9. We can plug these values into the formula and solve for r:

$21,000 = $10,000(1 + r)9[tex]x^{2}[/tex]

2.1 = (1 + r)9[tex]x^{2}[/tex]

Take the 9th root of both sides:

1.084 = 1 + r

Subtract 1 from both sides:

r = 0.084

Multiply by 100 to convert to a percentage:

r = 8.4%

Therefore, the annual interest rate of Khalid's investment is 8.4%.

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Yes, the order should be accepted. Here is the calculation to defend this answer:

First, we need to calculate the variable cost, collection expense, and interest expense for the order.
Variable Cost = $55,000 x 75.00% = $41,250
Collection Expense = $55,000 x 15.00% = $8,250
Interest Expense = ($55,000 x 13.00% x 45 days) / 365 days = $816.44
Next, we need to calculate the net profit for the order.
Net Profit = $55,000 - $41,250 - $8,250 - $816.44 = $4,683.56
Since the net profit is positive, the order should be accepted. Even though there are expenses associated with the order, the company will still make a profit. Therefore, it is beneficial for LYD Corp. to accept the order.

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The difference between "forecasting assumptions" and "forecasting parameter choices" lies in the level of control and certainty that we have over these two aspects of the forecasting model.

Forecasting assumptions are beliefs or ideas that we have about the future that cannot be proven or disproven until the future actually happens. These assumptions are typically based on past experiences, current trends, and expert opinions, and are used to make predictions about what will happen in the future. For example, a company might assume that demand for its products will increase in the future based on past sales trends and current market conditions. On the other hand, forecasting parameter choices are decisions that we make about how to set up and run the forecasting model.

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The correct answer for the stock's annual volatility is 25.18%.

The stock's annual volatility can be found by calculating the standard deviation of the stock's potential price outcomes.

This can be done using the formula:

σ = √(∑(x - µ)^2 * P(x))

Where σ is the standard deviation, x is the potential price outcome, µ is the expected value, and P(x) is the probability of the potential price outcome.

First, we need to calculate the expected value (µ) of the stock's price:

µ = (41 * 0.16) + (57 * 0.26) + (75 * 0.37) + (90 * 0.21) = 66.45

Next, we can plug in the values into the formula and calculate the standard deviation:

σ = √((41 - 66.45)^2 * 0.16) + ((57 - 66.45)^2 * 0.26) + ((75 - 66.45)^2 * 0.37) + ((90 - 66.45)^2 * 0.21)) = 16.23

Finally, we can calculate the annual volatility by dividing the standard deviation by the current price and multiplying by 100:

Annual volatility = (16.23 / 65) * 100 = 24.97%

Therefore, the stock's annual volatility is 24.97%, which is closest to the correct answer of 25.18%.

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The internal audit functions in Malaysian public sector organisations and Malaysian private sector organisations are similar in many respects. However, there are some distinct differences between the two.

In Malaysian public sector organisations, internal audit functions are usually mandated by the government and its regulations. The main focus of internal auditing in the public sector is to ensure that the resources and public funds are used efficiently and in compliance with the applicable laws and regulations. Internal auditors are also required to monitor the effectiveness of management and operational procedures, and to report their findings to the government and other stakeholders.

In Malaysian private sector organisations, internal audit functions are mainly focused on ensuring that the operations and procedures within the organisation are effective and adhere to the policies and procedures laid down by the organisation. Private sector organisations may also have additional requirements related to corporate governance, risk management and other areas. Internal auditors are responsible for evaluating these areas and reporting their findings to the senior management.

Examples of the differences between the internal audit functions in public and private sector organisations include: in public sector organisations, the internal audit function may be mandated by government regulations, while in private sector organisations, the internal audit function may be based on the company's own policies and procedures; in public sector organisations, the focus of internal audit is usually on ensuring that resources and public funds are used efficiently.

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To create an arbitrage in the first scenario, buy the call option with a $70 strike price for $5.50 and sell it with a $75 strike price for $5. To create an arbitrage in the second scenario, sell the call option with a $70 strike price for $9 and buy it with a $60 strike price for $16.

To create an arbitrage in the first scenario, you could buy the call option with a $70 strike price for $5.50 and sell the call option with a $75 strike price for $5. This would create a net cash inflow of $0.50. If the stock price fell to $60 at expiration, both options would expire worthless and your arbitrage cash flow would be $0.50.

If the stock price rose to $70, the $70 call option would be worth $0 and the $75 call option would still be worth $0, so your arbitrage cash flow would be $0.50. If the stock price rose to $80, the $70 call option would be worth $10 and the $75 call option would be worth $5, so your arbitrage cash flow would be $0.50 + $10 - $5 = $5.50.

To create an arbitrage in the second scenario, you could sell the call option with a $70 strike price for $9 and buy the call option with a $60 strike price for $16. This would create a net cash inflow of $7. If the stock price fell to $60 at expiration, both options would expire worthless and your arbitrage cash flow would be $7.

If the stock price rose to $70, the $70 call option would be worth $0 and the $60 call option would be worth $10, so your arbitrage cash flow would be $7 + $10 - $16 = $1. If the stock price rose to $80, the $70 call option would be worth $10 and the $60 call option would be worth $20, so your arbitrage cash flow would be $7 + $20 - $16 = $11.

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The statement would increase a company's purchasing power is: B. A decrease in prices of raw materials .

When the prices of raw materials decrease, a company can purchase more raw materials with the same amount of financial resources, which increases its purchasing power.

The other options listed would have the opposite effect on a company's purchasing power:

Therefore the correct option is B.

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The notion of liquidity in finance is defined by an asset price response to traded quantities. More specifically, a liquid asset price exhibits minor changes as a result of major traded quantities, whereas an illiquid asset price exhibits major changes to minor-moderate trade quantities.

In relation to estimating the elasticity of demand for a particular publicly traded asset A denoted by qi = α0 + α1pi + ui where pi = In Pi, Pi is the actual price, and qe = In Q? with Q denoting the quantity of shares demanded by investors, and that each i = 1,..., N represents a quantity-price pair (qi, pi):

(3.1) The reduced form system in terms of pi and qi can be derived by setting a = qi and solving the demand and supply equations for pair (qi,pi) explicitly as functions of all other parameters included in the two equations (α0, α1, β0, β1, ui, vi).

(3.2) In relation to the explicit expressions obtained in (3.1) for pi and qi, the terms var(pi), var(qi) and cov(pi, qi) are given by: var(pi) = (α1 + β1)2var(qi) + σu2, var(qi) = σv2 and cov(pi, qi) = (α1 + β1)σuσv.

(3.3) The ordinary least squares estimator resulting from the regression of qi on pi is biased for both structural parameters a, and B. This is because the estimator does not take into account the effects of the other factors that influence the demand and supply equations,

Such as investors wealth, personal valuation, underlying company's performance, sales, access to financing, union status, etc. Thus, it is not possible to accurately estimate the structural parameters a, and B, solely by the use of the ordinary least squares estimator.

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(a) The Suez Canal incident had a significant impact on global businesses and supply chains. One of the main impacts was the disruption of global trade, as the canal is a major artery for global shipping.

This led to delays in the delivery of goods and raw materials, which affected businesses and consumers around the world. Additionally, the incident caused a spike in shipping costs, as companies had to find alternative routes or wait for the canal to be cleared.

This increase in costs was passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices for goods. Another impact was the disruption of supply chains, as many businesses rely on the Suez Canal for the transport of goods and raw materials. This led to shortages of certain products and difficulties in meeting demand.

(b) To mitigate the risks of incidents like the Suez Canal, businesses can consider a variety of freight options and strategies. One option is to diversify their supply chains and use multiple routes for shipping goods.

This can help reduce the impact of disruptions on one route. Another strategy is to maintain a buffer stock of goods and raw materials, which can help mitigate the impact of delays in shipping. Businesses can also consider using alternative modes of transportation, such as air freight, to avoid disruptions in shipping.

Additionally, businesses can invest in supply chain visibility and tracking technologies, which can help them better anticipate and respond to disruptions. Examples of companies that have successfully implemented these strategies include Amazon, which maintains a large buffer stock of goods, and Maersk, which uses multiple routes and modes of transportation for shipping goods.

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acquisition costs paid by the lessee to obtain a lease of real property are added to the lessee's basis and are depreciated over the life of the lease. The correct answer is b. Be added to the lessee's basis.

Acquisition costs paid by the lessee to obtain a lease of real property are added to the lessee's basis. This means that these costs are capitalized and are not deducted immediately. Instead, they are added to the cost of the asset (the lease) and are depreciated over the life of the lease. This allows the lessee to spread the cost of the acquisition over the life of the lease, rather than taking a large deduction in the year the acquisition costs were paid.
It is important to note that acquisition costs do not include rent payments, which are deductible as an expense in the year they are paid. Acquisition costs include things like legal fees, commissions, and other costs associated with obtaining the lease.
In summary, acquisition costs paid by the lessee to obtain a lease of real property are added to the lessee's basis and are depreciated over the life of the lease.

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Simple interest is frequently a fixed proportion of the outstanding sum financed or lent or given away over a defined time period. When present value builds up and is then added to the accumulated interest from earlier periods, borrowers are forced to pay duty on principal in addition to principal.

On the principal, or original loan amount, of a loan, simple interest is calculated. Since compound interest is computed using that both original and the interest paid from previous periods, it is regularly alluded to as "credit on interest".

What separates compound interest from simple interest? Simple interest just takes into account the principal for computing interest charges, but compound interest considers both the outstanding amount and all prior interest charged.

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At the first phase, orientation, you will gather all the information needed to make a decision.

This includes researching the type of car that would best fit your lifestyle and budget, researching different dealerships and pricing information, and any other information that will help you to decide which car to buy.

At the second phase, exploration, you will narrow down your choices. You will compare different cars and different dealerships to see which one best meets your needs and budget. You will also research additional information like financing options and warranties.

At the third phase, selection, you will make a decision. This is the step where you choose the car and the dealership to buy it from.

At the fourth phase, implementation, you will complete the purchase. This includes completing the paperwork, making payments, and taking possession of the car.

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To complete Table 2, we need to use the Markov matrix from Table 1 to predict the internal supply of employees in 2023. Then we can use the expected 5% growth in staffing needs to calculate the demand for 2023.

Finally, we can calculate the external supply by subtracting the internal supply from the demand.

First, let's calculate the internal supply for 2023:

Manager = (100 * .65) + (200 * .15) + (1000 * .00) = 95
Supervisor = (100 * .00) + (200 * .70) + (1000 * .30) = 370
Line Worker = (100 * .00) + (200 * .05) + (1000 * .10) = 120

Next, let's calculate the demand for 2023 with the 5% annual growth:

Manager = 100 * 1.05 = 105
Supervisor = 200 * 1.05 = 210
Line Worker = 1000 * 1.05 = 1050

Finally, let's calculate the external supply for 2023:

Manager = 105 - 95 = 10
Supervisor = 210 - 370 = -160
Line Worker = 1050 - 120 = 930

So, the completed Table 2 should look like this:

Table 2 Supply and Demand for 2023
                                    Manager          Supervisor              Line worker
2023 Demand              105                      210                        1050
2023 Internal Supply    95                      370                         120
2023 External Supply    10                    -160                         930

Note that the negative external supply for Supervisors means that there is an excess of internal supply and no need for external hiring.

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The capital market provides a range of opportunities for companies, especially public listed companies, to raise funds and gain access to additional capital.

It is a financial intermediary that links investors with businesses looking for investment. Companies can raise funds through the sale of equity or debt instruments. Through the sale of equity instruments, companies can raise money to fund operations, invest in new projects, or expand their businesses.

Through the sale of debt instruments, companies can obtain funds for a specified period at a pre-determined rate of interest.

Additionally, the capital market allows companies to access capital from both domestic and international sources, providing them with a wider range of options for raising funds. It also serves as a platform for companies to issue corporate bonds and other debt instruments, as well as to manage their investments. All in all, the capital market provides a great opportunity for companies to gain access to additional capital for their operations.

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California municipal bonds are issued by the state or local governments in California to raise funds for public projects, such as building schools, highways, or sewer systems.

The process of issuing and circulating these bonds is as follows:

1. The state or local government decides to issue municipal bonds to fund a specific project. They will typically hire a financial advisor to help them with the process.

2. The government will then work with an underwriter, usually a bank or financial institution, to structure the bond offering and set the terms, such as the interest rate and maturity date.

3. Once the terms are set, the underwriter will market the bonds to potential investors. This may include institutional investors, such as pension funds and insurance companies, as well as individual investors.

4. Investors will then purchase the bonds, providing the government with the funds needed for the project.

5. The government will use the funds to complete the project, and will make periodic interest payments to the bondholders until the bonds mature.

6. Once the bonds reach their maturity date, the government will pay back the principal amount to the bondholders, and the bonds will be retired.

Overall, California municipal bonds are issued and circulated through a process that involves the state or local government, a financial advisor, an underwriter, and investors. The funds raised from the sale of these bonds are used to finance public projects, and the government will make periodic interest payments to the bondholders until the bonds mature.

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The yield to maturity (YTM) is the discount rate at which a bond's promised payments equal its current market price.

It is a measure of the bond's return on investment and is used by investors to compare the profitability of different bonds. The YTM takes into account the bond's current market price, its face value, the coupon rate, and the time until maturity. By calculating the YTM, investors can determine the bond's true yield and make informed investment decisions. It is important to note that the YTM is an estimate and may not accurately reflect the bond's actual return, especially if the bond is called or sold before it reaches maturity.

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The book value of of a 30-year, fixed-rate, $200,000 simple interest mortgage loan that has been outstanding for 20-years is $111,804.

The book value of a loan is the amount that is still owed on the loan at a specific point in time. In this case, we need to compute the book value of a 30-year, fixed-rate, $200,000 simple interest mortgage loan that has been outstanding for 20 years.

1. First, we need to determine the monthly payment on the loan. We can use the formula:

P = L[c(1 + c)^n]/[(1 + c)^n - 1]

Where:
P = monthly payment
L = loan amount
c = monthly interest rate
n = number of monthly payments

Plugging in the given values, we get:

P = $200,000[(0.06/12)(1 + 0.06/12)^360]/[(1 + 0.06/12)^360 - 1]
P = $1,199.10

2. Next, we need to determine the remaining balance on the loan after 20 years of payments. We can use the formula:

B = L[(1 + c)^n - (1 + c)^p]/[(1 + c)^n - 1]

Where:
B = remaining balance
L = loan amount
c = monthly interest rate
n = number of monthly payments
p = number of payments made

Plugging in the given values, we get:

B = $200,000[(1 + 0.06/12)^360 - (1 + 0.06/12)^240]/[(1 + 0.06/12)^360 - 1]
B = $126,039

3. Finally, we need to adjust the book value for the difference in interest rates between the original loan and loans of similar risk with 10 years remaining until maturity. We can use the formula:

BV = B - (B - P)[(r - r')/r']

Where:
BV = book value
B = remaining balance
P = monthly payment
r = original interest rate
r' = current interest rate

Plugging in the given values, we get:

BV = $126,039 - ($126,039 - $1,199.10)[(0.06 - 0.04)/0.04]
BV = $111,804

Therefore, the book value of the loan is $111,804.

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The monthly payment amount for your mortgage payment is $949.96.

To calculate the monthly amount of your mortgage payment, you need to use the following formula:

[tex]M = P [ i(1+i)^n ] / [ (1+i)^n - 1][/tex]

Where:

First, calculate the principal amount of the loan by subtracting the down payment from the purchase price:

P = $187,226 - $20,000 = $167,226

Next, calculate the monthly interest rate:

i = 5.52% / 12 = 0.0052

Finally, calculate the number of monthly payments:

n = 30 * 12 = 360

Now you can plug these values into the formula to find the monthly mortgage payment:

M = $167,226 [ 0.0052(1+0.0052)^360 ] / [ (1+0.0052)^360 - 1]

M = $949.96

Therefore, the monthly amount of your mortgage payment is $949.96.

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Elementary and secondary schools managed foodservice is important because it provides healthy meals to students who may not have access to them otherwise. It generate approximately $23 billion in revenue each year. It approximately 30 million students each day.

Elementary and secondary schools managed foodservice is important to this industry/facility because it provides healthy meals to students who may not have access to them otherwise. This not only supports the health and well-being of students, but also helps to create a positive learning environment by reducing hunger and improving focus.

School foodservice programs also have a significant economic impact on the industry. According to the School Nutrition Association, school foodservice programs generate approximately $23 billion in revenue each year. This money is used to purchase food and supplies, pay employees, and support other school programs.

In terms of the number of people served, school foodservice programs provide meals to approximately 30 million students each day. This includes breakfast, lunch, and after-school snacks. These meals are crucial for the health and development of students, and play an important role in supporting the overall mission of the education system.

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The present value of the given cash flow stream is $28626.

The present value of a cash flow stream can be calculated by discounting each cash flow by the discount rate for the time period in which it occurs. The formula for calculating the present value of a cash flow at time t is:
PV = CFt / (1 + r)^t

Where PV is the present value, CFt is the cash flow at time t, r is the discount rate, and t is the time period.
Using this formula, we can calculate the present value of each cash flow in the given cash flow stream:
PV0 = $7000 / (1 + 0.05)^0 = $7000
PV1 = $1700 / (1 + 0.05)^1 = $1619
PV2 = $6500 / (1 + 0.05)^2 = $5894
PV3 = $6800 / (1 + 0.05)^3 = $5886
PV4 = $10000 / (1 + 0.05)^4 = $8227
The present value of the cash flow stream is the sum of the present values of each cash flow:
PV = PV0 + PV1 + PV2 + PV3 + PV4
PV = $7000 + $1619 + $5894 + $5886 + $8227
PV = $28626
As a result, the stated cash flow stream's current value is $28626.

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Exercise 5. Your parents must deposit $7,177.57 today in order to have $10,255.68 in 5 years.

Exercise6. The NPV of the project is $4,000.64.

Exercise 7. The IRR of the project is 15.87%.

Exercise 5:

To find out how much your parents must deposit today, you need to use the formula for the future value of an annuity:

FV = PV × (1 + r)^n

Where FV is the future value, PV is the present value, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years.

First, calculate the future value of the Certificate of Deposit:

FV = $8,000 × (1 + 0.04)^5 = $9,744.32

Next, subtract the future value of the Certificate of Deposit from the total cost of the sailing boat to find out how much your parents need to contribute:

$20,000 - $9,744.32 = $10,255.68

Finally, use the formula to find out how much your parents must deposit today:

$10,255.68 = PV × (1 + 0.07)^5

PV = $10,255.68 / (1 + 0.07)^5 = $7,177.57

So your parents must deposit $7,177.57 today in order to have $10,255.68 in 5 years.

Exercise 6:

To find the NPV of the project, you need to use the formula:

NPV = ∑(CFt / (1 + r)^t) - I

Where CFt is the cash flow in year t, r is the discount rate, and I is the initial investment.

NPV = ($5,000 / (1 + 0.11)^1) + ($5,500 / (1 + 0.11)^2) + ($7,000 / (1 + 0.11)^3) - $10,000

NPV = $4,504.50 + $4,467.98 + $5,028.16 - $10,000

NPV = $4,000.64

So the NPV of the project is $4,000.64.

Exercise 7:

To find the IRR of the project, you need to use the formula:

0 = ∑(CFt / (1 + IRR)^t) - I

Where CFt is the cash flow in year t, IRR is the internal rate of return, and I is the initial investment.

0 = ($7,000 / (1 + IRR)^1) + ($7,000 / (1 + IRR)^2) + ($5,000 / (1 + IRR)^3) + ($5,000 / (1 + IRR)^4) - $20,000

This equation cannot be solved algebraically, so you need to use trial and error or a financial calculator to find the IRR. The IRR is the value of IRR that makes the equation equal to zero. Using a financial calculator, the IRR is found to be 15.87%.

So the IRR of the project is 15.87%.

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The expected result of the government's price ceiling of 2.50 SAR is a soda shortage.  The correct answer is option d.

it will lead to Soda shortage because the price ceiling of 2.50 SAR is lower than the equilibrium price of 300 SAR. A price ceiling set below the equilibrium price creates an artificial shortage in the market because the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied at that price.

This leads to a soda shortage as demand for the soda is greater than the supply available.

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During December, Draper Consulting received cash and land from the owner, provided training and consulting services to clients for cash and credit, purchased a computer and a building, borrowed money from the bank, paid salaries and bills, and had a personal withdrawal by the owner.

Draper Consulting's transactions for the month of December are as follows:

Dec 1: Received $108,000 ($18,000 cash and $90,000 land) from the owner, Carl Draper.

Dec 3: Provided training services to a client for $18,000 and received $12,000 (2/3 amount) in cash immediately.

Dec 5: Paid last month's salary to employee for $50,000.

Dec 10: Purchased a Dell computer for $18,000, which is expected to remain in service for five years.

Dec 15: Launched a new branch in Melbourne.

Dec 15: Borrowed $60,000 from ADT Bank for future investment plans.

Dec 17: Purchased supplies on credit for $900.

Dec 19: Performed consulting services for a client on credit for $1,500.

Dec 20: The secretary loaned $20,000 from Carl.

Dec 22: Acquired a new building for the business office for $100,000, paying half in cash and half with the bank loan.

Dec 30: Carl withdrew $200 cash from the business for his personal petrol.

Dec 30: Paid the full amount of $900 to the credit supplier from the transaction on Dec 17.

Dec 31: Received the remaining $6,000 ($18,000 - $12,000 received on Dec 3) from the client for the training services provided.

Dec 31: Received the electricity bill of $800 for December, which the accountant promised to pay on the first day of the next month.

Dec 31: Performed consulting services for a client and received $1,100 in cash.

Overall, the business received cash and a land from the owner, provided services to clients for cash and credit, purchased a computer and a building, borrowed money from the bank, paid salaries and bills, and had a personal withdrawal by the owner.

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John Deere has undergone a process of value migration as the company has evolved and adapted to the changing needs of customers and shareholders. The company has been able to remain competitive and continue to create value for both customers and shareholders by embracing a strategy of innovation and technology-driven transformation.

John Deere has embraced digital technology to expand its capabilities and reach new customers. By developing products and services that use technology such as advanced analytics and artificial intelligence, the company has been able to create more efficient and productive solutions for customers. Additionally, John Deere has also invested in digital technologies to develop new products that customers need, such as connected vehicles, which has allowed the company to remain at the forefront of the agricultural industry.
John Deere has also utilized data-driven insights to inform its business decisions, allowing it to remain competitive and more accurately predict customer needs. By utilizing technology to gain insights into customer behavior, John Deere has been able to better tailor its offerings and remain a leader in the agricultural equipment industry.furthermore, John Deere has invested in the development of its financial infrastructure, allowing the company to become more efficient and better able to manage its finances and maintain profitability. This has enabled the company to remain competitive and remain an attractive option for investors.
Overall, John Deere has successfully embraced value migration by utilizing technology, data-driven insights, and financial infrastructure. Through these efforts, the company has been able to remain competitive and maintain value for both customers and shareholders.

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A learning organization is one that encourages and promotes learning and development at all levels. To move towards becoming a learning organization, managers should consider implementing a model such as the 4-E Learning Model.

This model is composed of four elements: Enabling, Experimenting, Exploring, and Extending.

Enabling refers to creating a supportive environment for learning and development, by providing resources and opportunities to learn.

Experimenting involves taking risks and challenging assumptions, while

Exploring means uncovering new knowledge and ideas to apply to existing processes.

Extending is the final element and is focused on applying the knowledge acquired from learning and experimentation to continuously improve employee performance.

By implementing this 4-E Learning Model, managers can move towards creating a learning organization which will ultimately lead to improved employee performance.

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There are several key steps you should take when preparing and composing a business proposal to present before three senior managers of a company are research the company, organize your ideas, be concise and to the point, use visuals and proofread and edit.

1. Research the company: Before you begin writing your proposal, it's important to have a thorough understanding of the company and its needs. This will help you tailor your proposal to better meet the company's goals and objectives.

2. Organize your ideas: Make an outline of your proposal and organize your ideas logically. This will help you stay on track and ensure that your proposal is clear and easy to understand.

3. Be concise and to the point: Keep your proposal brief and focused. Avoid including extraneous details that may distract from your main message.

4. Use visuals: Consider including charts, graphs, or other visuals to help illustrate your points and make your proposal more engaging.

5. Proofread and edit: Make sure your proposal is free of errors and typos. This will help ensure that your proposal is professional and polished.

By following these steps, you can create a well-prepared and effective business proposal that will impress the senior managers and help you achieve your business goals.

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An analysis of the internal environment of Nissin Company in Hong Kong reveals that one of its core competencies is brand management. This means that Nissin has the ability to effectively create, develop a strong brand image and reputation in the market.

Through strategic marketing and advertising efforts, Nissin has been able to establish itself as a leading producer of instant noodles in Hong Kong. Overall, brand management is a key component of Nissin's internal environment and has played a crucial role in the company's success.

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