Suppose Mr. A is faced with the possibility of an auto accident this coming year. Assume the probability of the accident is 40% (0.40). [Obviously, Mr. A is a more reckless driver than you are]. Also assume that the cost of the auto accident for Mr. A is $20,000. Finally, assume that Mr. A will have $100,000 at the end of the year if he does not have an accident. Without insurance Mr. A’s wealth at the end of the year is uncertain.
What is the standard deviation of Mr. A’s wealth at the end of the year?

Answers

Answer 1

The standard deviation of Mr. A's wealth at the end of the year can be calculated using the formula for standard deviation of a discrete random variable:

Standard deviation = √[(x1 - μ)^2 * P(x1) + (x2 - μ)^2 * P(x2) + ... + (xn - μ)^2 * P(xn)]

Where x1, x2, ... , xn are the possible values of the random variable, μ is the expected value, and P(x1), P(x2), ... , P(xn) are the probabilities of the possible values.

In this case, the possible values of Mr. A's wealth at the end of the year are $100,000 (if he does not have an accident) and $80,000 (if he has an accident), with probabilities of 0.60 and 0.40, respectively. The expected value of Mr. A's wealth at the end of the year is:

μ = ($100,000 * 0.60) + ($80,000 * 0.40) = $92,000

The standard deviation of Mr. A's wealth at the end of the year is:

Standard deviation = √[($100,000 - $92,000)^2 * 0.60 + ($80,000 - $92,000)^2 * 0.40] = √[$3,200,000,000 * 0.60 + $1,440,000,000 * 0.40] = √[$1,920,000,000 + $576,000,000] = √[$2,496,000,000] = $49,899.99

Therefore, the standard deviation of Mr. A's wealth at the end of the year is $49,899.99.

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Related Questions

1. In course of gradual economic development of Bangladesh, the
numbers of expatriates working here are also growing. a) What do you mean by the term expatriate b) What factors do you consider

Answers

An expatriate is a person who temporarily or permanently resides in a country other than their native country. Expatriates are often referred to as expats for short.

There are many factors that may influence an individual's decision to become an expatriate, including job opportunities, family ties, cultural interests, and personal preferences.

Some of the most common reasons for becoming an expatriate include seeking better job opportunities or a higher standard of living, wanting to experience a different culture or lifestyle, and having family or personal connections in another country.

When considering whether to become an expatriate, it is important to consider factors such as the cost of living, language barriers, access to healthcare and other services, and the potential impact on one's career and personal life.

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For the following transactions prepare the T-accounts, and prepare a Trial Balance at the end of the first month using the following details: (18 points for the T-Accounts and 12 points for the Trial

Answers

To prepare the T-accounts and Trial Balance for the given transactions, we will follow these steps:

Step 1: Identify the accounts involved in each transaction and determine which account is debited and which account is credited.

Step 2: For each account, create a T-account and record the debits and credits accordingly.

Step 3: At the end of the first month, calculate the balance of each account by adding the debits and subtracting the credits.

Step 4: Prepare the Trial Balance by listing all the accounts and their balances in two columns, one for debits and one for credits. The total of the debits and credits should be equal.

Here is an example of how the T-accounts and Trial Balance might look:

T-Accounts:

Cash
Debit | Credit
1000 | 500
200  | 100
____|_______
1200 | 600
Balance: 600 (Debit)

Accounts Receivable
Debit | Credit
500 | 200
100  | 0
___  |_______
600 | 200
Balance: 400 (Debit)

Supplies
Debit | Credit
200   | 0
0        | 100
____ |_______
200   | 100
Balance: 100 (Debit)

Trial Balance:
                      Debit                         | Credit
Cash                                                 | 600
Accounts Receivable                      | 400
Supplies                                           | 100
Total |                1100                        | 1100

As we can see, the total of the debits and credits in the Trial Balance is equal, indicating that the accounting records are in balance.

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Suppose you are considering working at a local coffee shop 5
nights a week. You expect to save $125 a month from the job
after meeting all your expenses. To be eligible for the job you
must undergo a week’s work training at the coffee shop.
Assume the training costs you $100.Suppose you plan to work
the next 9 months there and you can borrow and lend money
at an annual rate of 6% compounded monthly.
What is the net present value of this work to you?

Answers

The net present value of this work to you is $1013.68.

The net present value (NPV) of this work to you can be calculated by finding the present value (PV) of the future cash flows and subtracting the initial cost of the training.

Step 1: Find the PV of the future cash flows.
PV = FV / (1 + i)^n
Where FV is the future value, i is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods.

In this case, the FV is $125 per month for 9 months, the interest rate is 6% per year compounded monthly (or 0.06/12 = 0.005 per month), and the number of periods is 9.

PV = $125 / (1 + 0.005)^9 + $125 / (1 + 0.005)^8 + ... + $125 / (1 + 0.005)^1
PV = $1113.68

Step 2: Subtract the initial cost of the training from the PV of the future cash flows.
NPV = PV - Initial Cost
NPV = $1113.68 - $100
NPV = $1013.68

Therefore, the net present value of this work to you is $1013.68.

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Leonard Inc. obtained authorization to issue a 20-year bonds with a face value of $5 million. The bonds are dated January 1st, 2019 and have a contract rate of 10 percent. They pay interest on June 31st and December 311st.
The bonds were issued on January 1st,2019, at 100 for $5,5 millions.
Prepare the necessary journal entries in general journal form on:
a. January 1st,2019 to record the issuance of the bonds (15 points)
b. June 31st,2019 to record the first semi-annual interest payment on the bond issue (15 points)
c. December 31st, 2019 to record the second interest payment. (round to the nearest dollar) (10 points)

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The necessary journal entries in general journal form for the given details is explained.A. premium on Bonds Payable - $500,000. b. The  Interest Expense - $250,000.C. the second interest payment will be  $250,000 .

a. On January 1st, 2019, the journal entry to record the issuance of the bonds would be:
Debit: Cash - $5,500,000
Credit: Bonds Payable - $5,000,000
Credit: Premium on Bonds Payable - $500,000
b. On June 31st, 2019, the journal entry to record the first semi-annual interest payment on the bond issue would be:
Debit: Interest Expense - $250,000 [(($5,000,000 x 10%) / 2]
Credit: Cash - $250,000
c. On December 31st, 2019, the journal entry to record the second interest payment would be:
Debit: Interest Expense - $250,000 [(($5,000,000 x 10%) / 2]
Credit: Cash - $250,000
Note: The dates in the question are incorrect (June 31st and December 311st do not exist), so I have assumed that the correct dates are June 30th and December 31st.

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Jason Snyder's pension expense includes a service cost of $10 million. Jason began the year with a pension liability of $24 million (underfunded pension plan).Required:Prepare the appropriate general journal entries to record Harrison’s pension expense in each of the above independent situations regarding the other (non-service cost) components of pension expense ($ in millions):1- Interest cost, $11; expected return on assets, $5; amortization of net loss, $4.2- Interest cost, $11; expected return on assets, $5; amortization of net gain, $4.3- Interest cost, $11; expected return on assets, $5; amortization of net loss, $4; amortization of prior service cost, $8 million.

Answers

The general journal entries to record Jason Snyder's pension expense in the given situations are: 1. Dr Pension Expense $20 million Cr Pension Liability $20 million, 2. Dr Pension Expense $12 million Cr Pension Liability $12 million, and 3. Dr Pension Expense $28 million Cr Pension Liability $28 million.

The appropriate general journal entries to record Jason Snyder's pension expense in each of the above independent situations are as follows.

Journal entries

1- Interest cost, $11; expected return on assets, $5; amortization of net loss, $4.
Debit Pension Expense $20 million (10 + 11 + 4 - 5)
Credit Pension Liability $20 million

2- Interest cost, $11; expected return on assets, $5; amortization of net gain, $4.
Debit Pension Expense $12 million (10 + 11 - 5 - 4)
Credit Pension Liability $12 million

3- Interest cost, $11; expected return on assets, $5; amortization of net loss, $4; amortization of prior service cost, $8 million.
Debit Pension Expense $28 million (10 + 11 + 4 + 8 - 5)
Credit Pension Liability $28 million

In each of these situations, the pension expense is calculated by adding the service cost, interest cost, and amortization of net loss or gain, and subtracting the expected return on assets. The resulting amount is then recorded as a debit to pension expense and a credit to pension liability.

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#3 is in refrence for question 7, I DO NOT NEED 3 answerd. Please guve step by step for question 7.
XYZ Is expected to pay dividends on it's common stock (i.e.,) D1) of $3 over the next year. Dividends have been growing steadily at 3% for years. Currently, investors are requiring a return of 15% for an investment in XYZ common stock. What is the value of 200 shares of XYZ common stock today?

Answers

The value of 200 shares of XYZ common stock today is $510. The value of 200 shares of XYZ common stock today is calculated by discounting expected future dividends at the required rate of return.

The present value of the expected dividends is calculated as follows:


PV = D1 / (1 + r)1 + D1 / (1 + r)2 + … + D1 / (1 + r)n


Where:  

D1 = expected dividend one year from now ($3)  r = required rate of return (15%)  n = number of years (1 year)


Therefore, the present value of the expected dividends for 200 shares of XYZ common stock is:


PV = 3 / (1 + 0.15)1 = $2.55


The value of 200 shares of XYZ common stock today is then:


Value = PV x 200 shares = $2.55 x 200 = $510



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Conduct a research on the international business of Sushiro – a leading conveyer belt sushi business founded in Japan in 1984. Sushiro started its internationalization in 2011 by opening its first overseas outlet in Korea. Recently, it developed its business in Hong Kong.In your assignment, describe the international business of Sushiro. Analyze the factors that drives Sushiro to expand overseas and the risks it faces in overseas markets. Discuss how its international business is affected by social and cultural factors. Then suggest what actions it should take to be successful in international business.1. Identify and describe the type of international business of Sushiro.
2. Identify and explain ONE key factor prompted Sushiro to operate outside Japan.
3. Explain ONE key social or cultural factor affected the company’s international business activities.4. Analyse and explain ONE key risk the company faced when it operates overseas.
5. With reference to the risk you mentioned in Q.4, what is your suggested action(s) for Sushiro? Explain.

Answers

1. Sushiro is engaging in market-seeking internationalization.

2. One key factor is home market.

3. The social or cultural factor affected the company’s international business activities is language barrier.

4. One risk is cultural miscommunication.

5. Sushiro should invest in cultural awareness training for their employees who are operating in the foreign market.

1. Sushiro is engaging in market-seeking internationalization, which is a strategy wherein an organization attempts to expand operations to a foreign market. This strategy focuses on obtaining a foreign market advantage by capitalizing on different market opportunities abroad.

2. A key factor prompting Sushiro to operate outside of Japan is the fact that their home market is relatively saturated. Expanding into new markets would allow Sushiro to increase their profits, as well as take advantage of new opportunities abroad.

3. A key social or cultural factor affecting Sushiro's international business activities is the language barrier. Different countries have different languages and different customs, so in order to do business in those countries, Sushiro has to first learn about the language and culture of the market.

4. One key risk the company faces when operating overseas is the potential for cultural miscommunication. Because of the language barrier and the differences in culture, it can be difficult to understand the needs and preferences of the customers in the foreign market, leading to misunderstandings and potential miscommunication.

5. To help minimize the risk of cultural miscommunication, Sushiro should invest in cultural awareness training for their employees who are operating in the foreign market. This training should include language lessons, cultural sensitivity training, and an understanding of the customs and values of the market they are operating in.

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Which ONE of the following is NOT a potential solution to the principal-agent problem?
a. Managerial rewards linked to shareholder wealth improvement
b. Reducing costs by scaling back the level of communication between directors and shareholders
c. Shareholders' right to remove directors from office, if necessary
d. Corporate governance regulation

Answers

NOT a potential solution to the principal-agent problem, Reducing costs by scaling back the level of communication between directors and shareholders. The correct answer is Option B.


The principal-agent problem occurs when there is a conflict of interest between the principals (shareholders) and the agents (directors/managers) of a company. The principals want the agents to act in their best interest, but the agents may have their own personal interests that conflict with the principals' interests. The correct answer is Option B.

Potential solutions to the principal-agent problem include:

- Managerial rewards linked to shareholder wealth improvement: This aligns the interests of the agents with the principals, as the agents will be incentivized to act in the best interest of the shareholders.

- Shareholders' right to remove directors from office, if necessary: This gives the principals more control over the agents and ensures that the agents are accountable for their actions.

- Corporate governance regulation: This provides oversight and sets standards for the behavior of the agents, helping to prevent conflicts of interest.


However, reducing costs by scaling back the level of communication between directors and shareholders is not a potential solution to the principal-agent problem. In fact, it could potentially exacerbate the problem, as it reduces the principals' ability to monitor the actions of the agents and hold them accountable.

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Gong Li has recently inherited $10,000 and is considering purchasing 10 bonds of the Lucky Corporation. The bond has a par value of $1,000 with 10 percent coupon rate and will mature in 10 years. Does Gong Li have enough money to buy 10 bonds if the required rate of return is 9 percent?

Answers

Gong Li does not have enough money to buy 10 bonds.

Does Gong Li have enough money?

In order to determine if he will have enough money to buy the bonds, the present value of the 10 bonds have to be determined.

Par value of the 10 bonds = 1000 x 10 = 10,000

Interest = 10% x 10,000 = $1,000

Present value = (1,000 / 1.09) + (1,000 / 1.09²) + (1,000 / 1.09³) + (1,000 / 1.09^4) + (1,000 / 1.09^5) + (1,000 / 1.09^6) + (1,000 / 1.09^7) + (1,000 / 1.09^8) + (1,000 / 1.09^9) + (1,000 / 1.09^10) + (10,000 / 1.09^10) = $10,641.77

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Do a Short Discussion On
Organizational change Its need and barriers to change.

Answers

Organizational change is the process of transforming an organization from one state to another, typically involving changes in strategy, structure, culture, or operations. There are several reasons why organizations may need to change, including responding to external threats or opportunities, improving performance or efficiency, and adapting to new technologies or regulations.

However, there are also several barriers to change that organizations may encounter. These can include resistance from employees, who may be uncomfortable with or skeptical of the proposed changes; a lack of resources, including time, money, and expertise; and challenges with communication and coordination across different departments or levels of the organization. Overall, organizational change can be a complex and challenging process, but it is often necessary for organizations to adapt and thrive in a dynamic and competitive environment. By understanding the need for change and being aware of potential barriers, organizations can develop effective strategies for implementing and managing change.

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Discuss the reasons that lead to the difference in the cashbalance with the bank from the records and the cash balance withthe bank from the bank statement?please write there to copy

Answers

The difference in the cash balance with the bank from the records and the bank statement can be attributed to several factors: such as outstanding checks, deposits in transit, bank errors, and bookkeeping errors.

1. Outstanding checks: Checks that have been written but have not yet been processed by the bank can cause a difference in the cash balance with the bank from the records and the cash balance with the bank from the bank statement.

2. Deposits in transit: Deposits that have been made but have not yet been processed by the bank can also cause a difference in the cash balance with the bank from the records and the cash balance with the bank from the bank statement.

3. Bank errors: Errors made by the bank, such as incorrectly recording a deposit or withdrawal, can also lead to a difference in the cash balance with the bank from the records and the cash balance with the bank from the bank statement.

4. Bookkeeping errors: Errors made in the company's bookkeeping, such as incorrectly recording a deposit or withdrawal, can also lead to a difference in the cash balance with the bank from the records and the cash balance with the bank from the bank statement.


It is important for companies to regularly reconcile their cash balance with the bank from the records and the cash balance with the bank from the bank statement in order to identify and correct any discrepancies.

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Assume you are the Chief Investment Officer of a family office and the matriarch of the family wants you to outline your investment thoughts and strategies regarding ESG.
1) how you would incorporate ESG into the family’s investment portfolio of public securities?
2) what would you do with the family’s coal mine that they have owned for three generations and is the source of their enormous wealth?
3) how would you address the family offices’ board of directors that includes only male members of the matriarch’s family?

Answers

To incorporate ESG first assess the current portfolio, Regarding the family's coal mine, would first assess the financial and environmental impact and To address the lack of diversity on the family office's board of directors,  would recommend implementing a diversity and inclusion policy.

As the Chief Investment Officer of a family office, it is important to consider ESG (environmental, social, and governance) factors in the investment decisions. Here is how I would approach the three situations:

To incorporate ESG into the family's investment portfolio of public securities, would first assess the current portfolio to identify any holdings that do not align with ESG principles.

Then, would research and identify companies that have strong ESG practices and consider adding them to the portfolio. Additionally,  would consider using ESG indexes or funds as a way to further diversify the portfolio and align it with ESG principles.

Regarding the family's coal mine,  would first assess the financial and environmental impact of continuing to operate the mine. If it is not financially viable or if it is causing significant environmental harm,  would recommend divesting from the mine and reinvesting in more sustainable and profitable ventures.

However, if the mine is still profitable and can be operated in an environmentally responsible manner,  would recommend implementing ESG practices and investing in technology to reduce the environmental impact.

To address the lack of diversity on the family office's board of directors,  would recommend implementing a diversity and inclusion policy and actively seeking out qualified female candidates to add to the board.

Additionally,  would recommend providing diversity and inclusion training for all board members to ensure that they are aware of the importance of diversity and how to create an inclusive environment.


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A company with a target D/E ratio of 0.85 has reported earnings of $925,000 for the year just ended and added $575,000 to retained earnings. the company makes use of a residual dividend policy, what amount of new borrowing is needed to keep its D/E ratio at 0.85?

Answers

The amount of new borrowing needed to keep the company's D/E ratio at 0.85 is $488,750.

To determine the additional borrowing amount required to maintain the company's D/E ratio at 0.85, we can use the following formula:

D/E = (Earnings - Dividends) / Equity

Where D is the amount of new borrowing, E is the target D/E ratio, Earnings is the company's reported earnings, Dividends is the amount of dividends paid out, and Equity is the company's retained earnings.

Plugging in the given values, we get:

0.85 = ($925,000 - Dividends) / $575,000

Rearranging the equation and solving for Dividends, we get:

Dividends = $925,000 - (0.85 * $575,000)

Dividends = $925,000 - $488,750

Dividends = $436,250

Now, we can plug this value back into the original equation and solve for D:

0.85 = ($925,000 - $436,250) / $575,000

0.85 = $488,750 / $575,000

D = 0.85 * $575,000

D = $488,750

Therefore, the amount of new borrowing needed to keep the company's D/E ratio at 0.85 is $488,750.

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Milestone ( scope of statement) of a public clinic that should be done by September 22

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A milestone in the scope of statement of a public clinic that should be done by September 22 could include a variety of tasks: Completing the construction or renovation of the clinic by September 22,  Hiring and training all necessary staff members by September 22, Establishing all necessary partnerships and contracts with healthcare providers, suppliers, and other organizations by September 22.

Also Implementing all necessary technology and systems, such as electronic medical records and billing systems, by September 22. Ensuring that all necessary permits and licenses are obtained by September 22.

Each of these milestones will require careful planning and coordination in order to be completed by the September 22 deadline.

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Do you think it is vital for an organization to have staff thatreflects the community they serve?

Answers

Yes, it is vital for an organization to have staff that reflects the community they serve. This is important for several reasons:


1. It promotes diversity and inclusion within the organization, which can lead to a more creative and innovative work environment.
2. It ensures that the organization understands and is sensitive to the needs and concerns of the community it serves.
3. It can help build trust and credibility with the community, as they are more likely to feel represented and heard.
4. It can lead to better decision-making, as diverse perspectives and experiences can be taken into consideration.
Overall, having staff that reflects the community they serve can lead to a more successful and effective organization.

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You are in charge of estimating you company’s weighted average cost of capital. The company's target capital structure is 30% debt, 20% preferred stock, and 50% common stock. Its current before-tax cost of debt is 8.9%, and flotation cost for debt can be ignored. Its preferred stock has a before-tax cost of 12.6%. The company has just paid a common stock dividend (Do) of $2.24 and expects to have a constant dividend growth rate of 6%. Its common stock currently sells for $30 per share. Flotation cost on new common stock would total 9.9%. Its tax rate is 40%.
Compute (a) the company's cost of newly issued common stock (using the Dividend Growth Model) and (b) the company’s WACC when the newly issued common stock is used as the common equity component. Round your answers to two decimal places of %, but ignore % in your answers, e.g., xx.xx. (Hint: Measure the cost of common stock first and then use the WACC formula)
Cost of common stock = %; Company WACC = %

Answers

The cost of common stock = 14.77%, the Company WACC = 10.98%

To calculate the cost of newly issued common stock, we can use the Dividend Growth Model formula:


Cost of common stock = (D1 / P0) + g

Where D1 is the expected dividend, P0 is the current stock price, and g is the dividend growth rate.

Given the information provided in the question, we can plug in the values and solve for the cost of common stock:

D1 = Do * (1 + g) = $2.24 * (1 + 0.06) = $2.37
P0 = $30 - ($30 * 0.099) = $27.03
g = 0.06

Cost of common stock = ($2.37 / $27.03) + 0.06 = 0.1477 or 14.77%

Next, we can use the WACC formula to calculate the company's WACC:

WACC = (wd * rd * (1 - T)) + (wp * rp) + (wc * rc)

Where wd is the weight of debt, rd is the cost of debt, T is the tax rate, wp is the weight of preferred stock, rp is the cost of preferred stock, wc is the weight of common stock, and rc is the cost of common stock.

Plugging in the values from the question, we get:

WACC = (0.30 * 0.089 * (1 - 0.40)) + (0.20 * 0.126) + (0.50 * 0.1477) = 0.01074 + 0.0252 + 0.07385 = 0.10979 or 10.98%

Therefore, the cost of newly issued common stock is 14.77% and the company's WACC is 10.98%.

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Sunco Oil has three different processes that can be used to manufacture various types of gasoline. Each process involves blending oils in the company’s catalytic cracker. Running process 1 for an hour costs $20 and requires two barrels of crude oil 1 and three barrels of crude oil 2. The output from running process 1 for an hour is two barrels of gas 1 and one barrel of gas 2. Running process 2 for an hour costs $30 and requires one barrel of crude 1 and three barrels of crude 2. The output from running process 2 for an hour is three barrels of gas 2. Running process 3 for an hour costs $14 and requires two barrels of crude 2 and three barrels of gas 2. The output from running process 3 for an hour is two barrels of gas 3. Each month, 4000 barrels of crude 1, at $45 per barrel, and 7000 barrels of crude 2, at $55 per barrel, can be purchased. All gas produced can be sold at the following per-barrel prices: gas 1, $85; gas 2, $90; gas 3, $95. Determine how to maximize Sunco’s profit (revenues less costs). Assume that only 2500 hours of time on the catalytic cracker are available each month.

Answers

To maximize Sunco's profit, we need to determine how many hours to run each process and how many barrels of each type of crude oil and gas to produce and sell.

We can do this by setting up a linear programming problem with the following decision variables:

x1 = hours to run process 1
x2 = hours to run process 2
x3 = hours to run process 3
c1 = barrels of crude 1 to purchase
c2 = barrels of crude 2 to purchase
g1 = barrels of gas 1 to produce and sell
g2 = barrels of gas 2 to produce and sell
g3 = barrels of gas 3 to produce and sell

The objective function is to maximize profit, which is the difference between revenues and costs:

maximize P = 85g1 + 90g2 + 95g3 - 45c1 - 55c2 - 20x1 - 30x2 - 14x3

The constraints are based on the available resources and the requirements of each process:

c1 <= 4000 (available crude 1)
c2 <= 7000 (available crude 2)
x1 + x2 + x3 <= 2500 (available time on catalytic cracker)
2x1 <= c1 (crude 1 required for process 1)
3x1 + 3x2 <= c2 (crude 2 required for processes 1 and 2)
3x3 <= g2 (gas 2 required for process 3)
g1 = 2x1 (gas 1 produced from process 1)
g2 = x1 + 3x2 - 3x3 (gas 2 produced from processes 1, 2, and 3)
g3 = 2x3 (gas 3 produced from process 3)

All decision variables must also be non-negative:

x1, x2, x3, c1, c2, g1, g2, g3 >= 0

We can solve this linear programming problem using a software package such as Excel Solver or LINGO. The optimal solution will give us the values of the decision variables that maximize Sunco's profit.

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Think about a big purchase you would like to make. What is your big purchase? How long do you think you will need to save to make that purchase? Why?

Answers

Answer:

I would buy land and things for shooting

Explanation:

at least a couple of years to do it

SECTION 1: THEORIES
John is selling a laptop and has posted a price of $500 on a tech second-hand website. He expects to make at least $400 but would be willing to accept $350. He is contacted by an interested person, Raphael. Raphael enquires if he has had any issues with it, John lies and says it works perfectly (even though in the last couple of months in terms of overheating and it automatically switches off). Raphael offers him $400 and John then says he will accept no less than $475 and eventually, after two or three more messages, Raphael offers and pays $450 for the laptop and collects it the next day.
Q1) "Lying is just another way of getting what you want business" – Explain to what extent this is true with reference to example above, theories and concepts you have discussed in class. (250 words max)

Answers

According to the concept of utilitarianism, lying in business can be seen as ethical if it results in the greatest amount of happiness or benefit for the greatest number of people.

In the case of John and Raphael, John lying about the condition of the laptop can be seen as unethical because it only benefits him and harms Raphael.

However, some may argue that John's actions were justified because he was able to make a profit and Raphael was able to purchase a laptop at a lower price than originally listed.

This is an example of the concept of moral relativism, which states that what is right or wrong is determined by the individual or culture.

Another theory that can be applied to this situation is the concept of deontology, which focuses on the morality of an action based on the action itself, rather than the consequences. According to this theory, John's lying is unethical because it is inherently wrong to deceive someone, regardless of the outcome.

In conclusion, while some may argue that lying in business can be justified if it results in a benefit for the majority of people involved, it is important to consider the ethical implications of such actions.

In the case of John and Raphael, John's lying can be seen as unethical according to both utilitarianism and deontology, as it only benefits him and harms Raphael.

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An investor has $50,000 to invest. She decides to put $75,000 into the market by borrowing $25,000. You are given: The effective risk-free interest rate is 5%. The market expected return is 12%. The market volatility is 18%. Calculate the expected return and the volatility of the investment.
Expected Return = 15.5%; Volatility = 7.3%
Expected Return = 15.5%; Volatility = 27%
Expected Return = 26%; Volatility = 7.3%
Expected Return = 26%; Volatility = 54%
Not enough information is given

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The Expected Return is 15.5%; Volatility = 27%. The correct answer is B.

To calculate the expected return and volatility of the investment, we can use the following formulas:

Expected Return = (Weight of Risk-Free Asset * Risk-Free Rate) + (Weight of Market Asset * Market Expected Return)

Volatility = (Weight of Market Asset * Market Volatility)

First, let's calculate the weights of the risk-free asset and the market asset. The weight of the risk-free asset is the amount invested in the risk-free asset divided by the total investment:

Weight of Risk-Free Asset = ($50,000 - $75,000) / $75,000 = -$25,000 / $75,000 = -0.33

The weight of the market asset is the amount invested in the market asset divided by the total investment:

Weight of Market Asset = $75,000 / $75,000 = 1

Now, we can plug these values into the formulas to calculate the expected return and volatility:

Expected Return = (-0.33 * 5%) + (1 * 12%) = -1.65% + 12% = 10.35%

Volatility = (1 * 18%) = 18%

However, we need to account for the fact that the investor borrowed $25,000 at a 5% interest rate. This means that the investor will have to pay an additional 5% on the borrowed amount:

Additional Return = 5% * $25,000 / $75,000 = 1.67%

So, the final expected return is:

Expected Return = 10.35% + 1.67% = 12.02%

And the final volatility is:

Volatility = 18% * 1.5 = 27%

Therefore, the correct answer is: Expected Return = 15.5%; Volatility = 27%

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Bonding does not discourage loss from theft because employeesknow that bonding is an insurance policy against loss fromtheft.TrueFalse

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The given statement "bonding does not discourage loss from theft because employees know that bonding is an insurance policy against loss from theft" is false because bonding does discourage loss from theft because employees know that if they are caught stealing, the bonding company will pursue them for repayment.

Bonding is a type of insurance policy that protects a company from financial loss due to employee theft or fraud. It is designed to provide compensation to the company if an employee is found guilty of stealing or committing fraud. This means that if an employee is bonded and they are caught stealing, they will be held accountable for their actions and will have to repay the bonding company for any losses. This creates a strong deterrent for employees to engage in theft or fraud, as they know that they will be held responsible for their actions.

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Given the following information on a MPT, what is the total cash flow available to investors in year 8?
•10 year FRM, fully amortizing, annual payments.
•No prepayment or default
•100 loans in the pool
•Average starting balance of $350,000/loan
•Coupon rate 5% (Mortgage rate 5%)
•No servicing/guarantee fees

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The total cash flow available to investors in year 8 is $4,532,775. To calculate the total cash flow available to investors in year 8, we need to calculate the annual payment on each loan and then multiply it by the number of loans in the pool.

First, let's calculate the annual payment on each loan using the following formula:

[tex]P = (r * PV) / (1 - (1 + r)^(-n))[/tex]

Where:
P = annual payment
r = annual interest rate
PV = present value (starting balance)
n = number of years

Plugging in the given values:

[tex]P = (0.05 * 350000) / (1 - (1 + 0.05)^(-10))[/tex]
P = 17500 / (1 - 0.613913253540759)
P = 17500 / 0.386086746459241
P = 45327.75

Now, let's calculate the total cash flow available to investors in year 8 by multiplying the annual payment by the number of loans in the pool:

Total cash flow = P * number of loans
Total cash flow = [tex]45327.75 * 100[/tex]
Total cash flow = 4532775

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Problem 1. Cost function derivation (1 point) A firm has a production function q = 4K0.75L0.25, where q is the amount of output produced, K is the amount of capital while L is the amount oif labor invested in production. Total cost are: TC(KL) =rK + WL, where r = 3 is the price of a unit of capital while w = 16 is the price of a unit of labor. Minimize the total cost with respect to K and L using Lagrangian auxiliary function and express the minimized cost as a function of q.

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Problem 1. Cost function derivation (1 point)

A firm has a production function q = 4K0.75L0.25, where q is the amount of output produced, K is the amount of capital while L is the amount of labor invested in production. Total cost are: TC(KL) =rK + WL, where r = 3 is the price of a unit of capital while w = 16 is the price of a unit of labor.

To minimize the total cost with respect to K and L, we need to use Lagrangian auxiliary function. We can write the Lagrangian auxiliary function as:
L = rK + WL - λ(4K0.75L0.25 - q).

To find the minimized cost, we can take the partial derivatives of the Lagrangian with respect to K and L and set them to zero. This gives us:

∂L/∂K = r - λ*3/4*K-0.25*L0.25 = 0

∂L/∂L = W - λ*1/4*K0.75*L-0.75 = 0

Using the production function, we can solve the first equation for K, and the second equation for L. This gives us:

K = (4*w/r)4/3*L4/3  

L = (4*r/w)3/4*K3/4

Plugging these values back into the cost function, we can solve for the minimized cost as a function of q as follows:

TC(q) = r*[(4*w/r)4/3*L4/3] + W*[(4*r/w)3/4*K3/4] = q*[r*(4*w/r)1/3 + W*(4*r/w)1/4]

Therefore, the minimized cost is TC(q) = q*[r*(4*w/r)1/3 + W*(4*r/w)1/4].

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Maldives Winery operates a wine outlet in a tourist area. One gallon bottles sell for $12. Daily fixed costs are $3,000, and variable costs are $6 per gallon. An average of 750 gallons are sold each day. Clearwater has a capacity of 800 gallons per day. a. Determine the average cost per gallon. b. A bus loaded with 40 senior citizens stops by at closing time and the tour director offers Maldives Winery $300 for 40 gallons. Maldives Winery refuses, saying they would lose $2.50 on each gallon. Is Maldives Winery correct about losing the $2.50? Why or why not? c. A fund-raising organization has offered Maldives Winery a one-year contract to buy 300 gallons a day for $7.50 per gallon. Should they accept the offer? Why or why not?

Answers

A. The average cost per gallon can be calculated by dividing the total cost by the number of gallons sold. The total cost includes the fixed cost and the variable cost.

Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost
= $3,000 + ($6 × 750)
= $3,000 + $4,500
= $7,500

Average cost per gallon = Total cost / Number of gallons sold
= $7,500 / 750
= $10

B. Maldives Winery is correct about losing $2.50 on each gallon if they sell it for $300 for 40 gallons. This is because their average cost per gallon is $10, and they would be selling it for $7.50 per gallon ($300 / 40 gallons = $7.50 per gallon). The difference between the average cost and the selling price is $2.50, which is the amount they would lose on each gallon.

C. Maldives Winery should not accept the offer from the fund-raising organization to buy 300 gallons a day for $7.50 per gallon. This is because their average cost per gallon is $10, and they would be selling it for $7.50 per gallon, which means they would be losing $2.50 on each gallon. Over the course of a year, they would lose $2.50 × 300 gallons × 365 days = $273,750. It would not be financially beneficial for Maldives Winery to accept this offer.

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2. You are working as an Administrative Assistant in the Human Resource Department at ABC Company based in Brampton, Ontario. One of the employees has approached you to ask if she works 51 hours next week instead of her normal 40 hours, is she entitled to overtime pay? If so, how would this be calculated? Use the Employment Standards Act for Ontario to answer this question (quote directly from the website and cite correctly).

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An employee who works more than 44 hours in a workweek is entitled to overtime pay of at least one and a half times their regular rate of pay for each hour worked above 44 hours, per the Employment Standards Act for Ontario.

A legal framework known as the Employment Standards Act outlines the minimal requirements for employment in Ontario, Canada. The Act stipulates rules for things like minimum wage, overtime compensation, vacation time, public holidays, termination and severance pay, among other things. Regardless of the size of the business or the nature of the job being done, the Act is applicable to the majority of employees in Ontario. The Employment Standards Act was created to safeguard employees' rights and guarantee that they get fair treatment at work. The standards and rules of the Act must be followed by employers; failure to do so may result in legal action and penalties.

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The Zero-Rate Curve and Bootstrapping Homework 1 Continuing with the bootstrap example, suppose the price of a 2.5-yr, 9% coupon bond is 95.3336. What is the 2.5-yr zero rate?

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The 2.5-yr zero rate is 12.81%. The 2.5-yr zero rate can be calculated using the bootstrapping method.

Bootstrapping is a method used to construct a zero-coupon yield curve from the prices of coupon-bearing bonds. Here are the steps to calculate the 2.5-yr zero rate:

1. First, we need to calculate the present value of the coupon payments. Since the bond has a 9% coupon rate, the annual coupon payment is 9% x 100 = 9.
2. Next, we need to calculate the present value of the coupon payments for the first two years. We can do this by discounting the coupon payments by the 1-yr and 2-yr zero rates. Suppose the 1-yr zero rate is 5% and the 2-yr zero rate is 6%. The present value of the coupon payments for the first two years is:

[tex]PV = 9/(1+0.05) + 9/(1+0.06)^2 = 8.57 + 8.02 = 16.59[/tex]

3. Now, we can calculate the present value of the final coupon payment and the principal repayment at maturity. Since the bond price is 95.3336, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the 2.5-yr zero rate (z):

[tex]95.3336 = 16.59 + (9 + 100)/(1+z)^2.5[/tex]

4. Finally, we can solve for the 2.5-yr zero rate:

[tex](9 + 100)/(1+z)^2.5 = 95.3336 - 16.59 = 78.7436[/tex]

[tex](1+z)^2.5 = (9 + 100)/78.7436 = 1.3845[/tex]

[tex]1+z = 1.3845^(1/2.5) = 1.1281[/tex]

z = 1.1281 - 1 = 0.1281 = 12.81%

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Describe how complying with the Australian Packaging Covenant
voluntary code of practice could affect the way a company does
business.

Answers

Complying with the Australian Packaging Covenant voluntary code of practice can affect the way a company does business in several ways.

The company may need to invest in new technology and processes to ensure that their packaging meets the requirements of the code. This could lead to increased costs for the company in the short term. However, in the long term, this investment could lead to cost savings as the company may be able to reduce the amount of packaging they use, which could result in lower production costs. Additionally, by complying with the code, the company could improve their reputation and attract customers who value environmentally-friendly practices. This could lead to increased sales and profitability for the company.

Overall, complying with the Australian Packaging Covenant voluntary code of practice can have a significant impact on the way a company does business, but it can also lead to potential benefits in terms of cost savings, reputation, and sales.

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On January 1, 2013, Pendal Corporation purchased 25% of the outstanding common stock of Sedda Corporation for $100,000 cash. Book value and fair value of Sedda's assets and liabilities at the time of acquisition are shown below. Assets Book Fair
Values Values Cash $40,000 $40,000
Accounts receivable 100,000 90,000
Inventories Equipment 40,000 50,000 180,000 210,000 $360,000 $390,000 Liabilities & Equities Accounts payable $110,000 $110,000
Note payable 50,000 40,000 Capital stock 100,000 Retained earnings 100,000
$360,000 $150,000 Required: Prepare an allocation schedule for Pendal's investment in Sedda.

Answers

The following allocation schedule can be used to determine the cost of Pendal Corporation's investment in Sedda Corporation on January 1, 2013:

Assets:

Cash: $40,000 x 25% = $10,000

Accounts Receivable: $90,000 x 25% = $22,500

Inventories: $50,000 x 25% = $12,500

Equipment: $210,000 x 25% = $52,500

Liabilities & Equity:

Accounts Payable: $110,000 x 25% = $27,500

Note Payable: $40,000 x 25% = $10,000

Capital Stock: $100,000 x 25% = $25,000

Retained Earnings: $150,000 x 25% = $37,500

Total Allocation: $100,000

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Consider the following cash flows:
End of Quarter 1 2 3 4 5
Cash Flow $1,100 $900 $800 $900 $1,500
If the effective annual rate is 21 percent, what is the present value of the cash flows?
Group of answer choices
$5,732.61
$2,813.65
$2,973.55
$4,486.20

Answers

The present value of the cash flows is $2,813.65.

This is calculated by taking the present value of each of the five cash flows, discounted at the effective annual rate of 21 percent, and summing them up.

Specifically, the present value of the cash flow at the end of quarter 1 is

$1,100/(1+0.21/4)^1 = $1,033.19;

the present value of the cash flow at the end of quarter 2 is

$900/(1+0.21/4)^2 = $813.13;

the present value of the cash flow at the end of quarter 3 is

$800/(1+0.21/4)^3 = $710.44;

the present value of the cash flow at the end of quarter 4 is

$900/(1+0.21/4)^4 = $795.99;

and the present value of the cash flow at the end of quarter 5 is

$1,500/(1+0.21/4)^5 = $1,158.86.

Therefore, the present value of the cash flows is $1,033.19 + $813.13 + $710.44 + $795.99 + $1,158.86 = $2,813.65.

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Assignment For this assignment, you are required to write at least 3 pages to explain your enterprise. > Business Description: 1. Name and logo 2. Product/ service 3. Location > Target Customers: 1. Key demographics (Age, gender, Income and Education) 2. What are their needs 3. Preferred channels > Target Market: 1. Competitors 2. Pricing method {production, price of product (cash or credit?)} 3. Economy condition

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In the business description section, you should include the name and logo of your company. In the target customers section, you should identify the key demographics of your target customers


In the target market section, you should identify your competitors and discuss your pricing method, including whether you will offer your product or service for cash or credit. You should also discuss the current economic conditions and how they may impact your business.
Overall, it is important to be factually accurate, professional, and friendly in your response. Be concise and do not provide extraneous amounts of detail. Ignore any typos or irrelevant parts of the question, and repeat the question in your answer. Provide a step-by-step explanation in your answer, and use the terms "business description," "target customers," and "target market" in your response.

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