Suppose a study is being conducted to understand the potential heritability of artistic ability. Specifically, the study wants to recruit pairs of monozygotic and dizygotic twins raised in the same or in different environments. For each scenario, what is the theoretical genetic variance and environmental variance?
1. Monozygotic in the same environment
2. Monozygotic in a different environment
3. Dizygotic in the same environment
4. Dizygotic in a different environment
Answer Bank
0% genetic variance, 100% environmental variance
0% genetic variance, 0% environmental variance
50% genetic variance, 100% environmental variance
50% genetic variance, 0% environmental variance
Using the data collected from the study, what equation could be used to estimate the degree of phenotypic variability of artistic ability that is due to genetic factors?
H² = 2(rmz-rpz), where H² is broad-sense heritability
h2 VA/VP, where h’ is narrow-sense heritability
h2 = 2b, where ha is narrow-sense heritability
Vp = VA + VD + V1 + VE + VGE, where Vp is phenotypic variance

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Monozygotic in the same environment

Genetic Variance will be zero and the environmental variance will be zero this is because a monozygotic twin shares the same gene 100% and because they stay in the same environment they are equally exposed to the same thing this makes environmental variance Zero.

Monozygotic in a different environment

Monozygotic in different environment will have an environmental variance 100% this is because they are expose to different environment leading to variation in what they know and 0% genetic variance

Dizygotic in the same environment

They have 0% environmental variation and 50% genetic variation this is because they are fraternal twins and not 100% genetically only 50% of their traits are identical

Dizygotic in a different environment

They will have 100% environmental variance because they are raised in different envrionment leading to variation in idea and what they know and 50% genetic variance because Dizygotic twin are not genetically identical.

The formula to calculate phenotypic variance due to genetic variation is

Hb2 = 2(rmz - rdz) this is in accordance to falconer's formula for twin heritability and its estimatebroad sense heritage.

Where hb2 is broad sense heritability

Answer 2

Genetic and environmental variance determine the phenotypic variability among individuals. 1) b / 2) a / 3) d / 4) c. The equation h² = VA/VP could be used to estimate the degree of phenotypic variability due to genetic factors.

                 

------------------------

1. Monozygotic in the same environment ⇒ 0% genetic variance, 0% environmental variance

Monozygotic twins have no genotypic variation, they share the genotypic charge, meaning there is no difference between them.

Since they grow in the exact same environment, they are exposed to the same factors and, hence, they express no difference.

2. Monozygotic in a different environment ⇒ 0% genetic variance, 100% environmental variance

Monozygotic twins have no genotypic variation, they share the genotypic charge, meaning there is no difference between them.

However, since they were exposed to different environmental factors, they express differences that are due to external elements or conditions.

3. Dizygotic in the same environment ⇒ 50% genetic variance, 0% environmental variance

Part of the genetic charge might be different because they developed from different eggs. They are not identical twins, so they express genotypic variation.

Environmental factors do not play a significant role because twins were equally exposed to the same conditions, so there is no varying environmental influence.

4. Dizygotic in a different environment ⇒ 50% genetic variance, 100% environmental variance

Part of the genetic charge might be different because they developed from different eggs. They are not identical twins, so they express genotypic variation.

Besides, as twins grew in different environments, which means they also express phenotypic differences that are due to external elements or conditions.

Heritability in the narrow sense -h²- refers to the proportion of the phenotypic variability that is influenced by genetic factors.

Heritability in the narrow sense is the measure of the genetic component to which additive genetic variance contributes.

The heritability might be used to determine how the population will respond to the selection done.

The equation that could be used to estimate the degree of phenotypic variability of artistic ability that is due to genetic factors is

                  h² = VA/VP ⇒ where h’ is narrow-sense heritability

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Answer: Your answer is The Lac Repressor

Explanation: I've taken this test before, it is correct.

Which of these choices do both sustainable and organic agriculture avoid?

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Explanation:

What’s the relationship between ants and large blue butterfly larva?
a) competition
b) predation
c) mutualism
d) commensalism

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Answer:

its D commensalism, one benefits from it and the other gets no harm

Explanation:

An organism is exposed to a mutagen, such as X-rays or ultraviolet light. What could be the effect of the mutagen on the organism? Select all of the answers that apply.
The mutagen may disrupt gene function to the harm of the organism.
B. The mutagen may change gene function in a way that benefits the organism.
C. The mutagen may change the genetic material of the cell from DNA to proteins.
D. The mutagen may change the binding between codons and anticodons.
E. The mutagen may have little or no observable effect on the organism.

Answers

Answer:

a, b, c, e

Explanation:

- since mutations are random, they could both harm or benefit or have no effect on the organism (depends on where in the DNA is mutated, on the type of mutation that occurs, on whether the mutation is fixed, etc.)

- the binding between codons and anticodons are always as follows:

A on mRNA binds to U on tRNAT on mRNA binds to A on tRNAG on mRNA binds to C on tRNA and vice versa

Mutagens are substances that damage DNA and can cause permanent changes in the DNA sequence, depending on the ability of the organism to fix the mess.

Mutagen's effect:

Deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), which are utilized by DNA polymerases to duplicate DNA, can also be damaged by DNA-damaging agents.

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Therefore, the final answer is "Option A, B, and D".

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Which sequence describes the formation of a gamete?
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B.replication → cell division I → cell division II
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D.cell division I → cell division II → transcription

Answers

Answer:

part c

Explanation:

The sequence replication → cell division I → cell division II describes the formation of gametes.

Where does the formation of gametes occur?

Meiosis (reduced division), in which a germ cell splits into two pieces and produces four gametes, is the process by which gametes are created.

Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in the production of four gamete cells and a 50% reduction in the number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

The gonads are where gametes (germ cells) are made. This process is known as spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis in females. The majority of novel mutations arise during gametogenesis, however males exhibit a higher mutation rate.

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BIOLOGY - QUARTER 2 - SUN
Which two bio molecules must the supplement contain to provide these benefits

Answers

Answer:

Proteins and Carbohydrates

The supplement has to build lean muscle and strengthen tendons and ligaments. Muscle, tendons, and ligaments are all made of protein. So the supplement must contain protein.

It should also provide energy. The most readily used form of energy is carbohydrates

DNA contains four types of nitrogenous bases. One of these bases is

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Today, prairie ranchers and farmers raise:
sheep, cattle, and pigs
COWS, deer, and bison
O horses, cows, and bison
o hawks, owls, and snakes​

Answers

Answer:

sheep, cattle, and pigs

Explanation:

From sheep, cattle, and pigs, the most raised animal on the farms today is beef cattle. The reason why cattle is the first choice is its profitability. The cattle are easy to maintain, they just need good pasture and freshwater, some supplemental food during the winter, and enough space.

what is mitosis can do​

Answers

Answer:

The purposes of mitosis are : cell renewal. repair of injuries. asexual reproduction. growth of organisms.

Explanation:

The purpose of mitosis is cell restoration, growth, and asexual reproduction, while the persistence of meiosis is the generation of gametes for sexual reproduction.

What they said^ sorry I need point!

Genetic engineering is the manipulation of genes using cloning and transformation to change the
gene structure. Genetic engineering has many positive outcomes. These positive outcomes include

a. Manipulation of crops decreasing growth rate.
b. decreasing the diversity of living organisms
c. increasing the possibility of new pathogens
d. fruits and vegetables do not spoil easily

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

A coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division is
called a chromosome.
True
False

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Answer:

true

Explanation:

Answer:

TRUEE

Explanation:

In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes.

In the PBS video about the marathon, the speaker discusses several pieces of information about why humans are well equipped for running. The majority of his support for this position comes from which discipline?

You Answered

Answers

Well the PBS kid television is about to teach kids how to behave and be disciplined .

Explanation:

They also have them to learn.

Enter your answer in the provided box. Calculate the frequency of the genotype Aa from a population that is made up of the following numbers of individuals: 41 individuals with the genotype AA 23 individuals with the genotype Aa 28 individuals with the genotype aa frequency of individuals with genotype Aa g

Answers

Answer:

25% or 0.25

Explanation:

The frequency of the genotype Aa from the population can be calculated from the formula;

Frequency of Aa = number of individuals with Aa/total population

number of individuals with Aa genotype = 23

Total population = 41+23+28 = 92

Hence,

Frequency of Aa = 23/92 = 0.25 or 25%

Life has changed through the process of

Answers

Answer:

Life has changed through the process of evolution

Explanation:

Evolution is defined as a change in the proportion of traits of genes from one generation to the next 

evolution/ natural selection. Evolution helped all genes change into traits that are essential for survival.

Which of the following is not true of asexual reproduction?
A offspring that differ genetically from either parent
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D an example is a paramecium

Answers

Answer:

idk

Explanation:

Answer:

D

Explanation:

I don't need to put 20 charavters

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O B. waxy cuticle with stomata
n
O C. chlorophyll
1
O D. pollen grain
46

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

a water-repellent cuticle, stomata to regulate water evaporation, specialized cells to provide rigid support against gravity, specialized structures to collect sunlight, alternation of haploid and diploid generations, sexual organs

• Some nitrogen fixing bacteria help
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soil more productive. What activity of
bacteria helps make soil more
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(a) Supplying compounds of nitrogen
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into nitrogen gas.
OUTLO
(c) Breaking down compounds of
nitrogen to release nitrogen gas.
(d) Taking up nitrogen from the air
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nitrogen

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Explanation:

This makes the soil moreproductive. What activity of bacteria helps make soil more productive? (a) Supplying compounds of nitrogen to the plant roots.

what are some early signs of MBD in bearded dragons​

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Answer:

stress lack of eating Constipation and weakness

Explanation:

are the main ones

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b Potatoes are high in starch.
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d The green pigment chlorophyll allows a plant to absorb energy from the sun.

Answers

Answer:

C. Red, Yellow, and orange peppers are green until they are ripe.

Explanation:

this question was difficult lol

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Answers

the answer is a sickle

Answer:

thresher

Explanation:

Identify which list of questions below would all be classified as Abiotic
Options:

Deer, fern, mushroom, soil

Weather, volcano, sunlight, river

Elephant, fish, weather, fern

Sunlight, river, deer, volcano

Answers

The list of options that would be classified as abiotic are sunlight, river, deer, volcano (option D).

What are abiotic factors?

An ecosystem is the interconnectedness of organisms (plants, animals, microbes) with each other and their environment.

An ecosystem is composed of biotic and abiotic components. Biotic factors are those factors that have life while abiotic factors are those without life.

Biotic factors or components include the following:

Plants e.g. ferns, mushroomsAnimals Microbes e.g. bacteria

Therefore, the list of options that would be classified as abiotic are sunlight, river, deer, volcano.

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Which image represents cytokinesis in a plant cell?​

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

gl (:

A crucial function of cytokinesis is to divide the cell in half and make sure that one nucleus is placed in each daughter cell. Thus, option D is correct.

What is the importance of cytokinesis in plant cells?

The four steps of cytokinesis are membrane insertion, contraction, and completion. Animal and plant cells experience these stages in different ways.

The assembly and action of an actomyosin-based contractile ring during animal cytokinesis were characterized as occurring at the cell periphery.

In contrast, it was thought that plant cell cytokinesis involved the centrifugal formation of a new cell wall through the fusion of vesicles generated from the Golgi apparatus.

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HELP!!

What can every Florida citizen do on a daily basis to help prevent further damage to the environment?
O join one of the many ecological organizations
O give money to the Sierra
Club or other NGOs
O make environmentally conscious choices
O lobby the government for more money

Answers

Answer:

The answer is "make environmentally conscious choices"

Explanation:

All the human are the reasons for global environmental change through a subset of proximate causes, which straightforwardly modify parts of the climate in manners that have worldwide impacts. We start this section by laying out and showing a way to deal with representing the major proximate reasons for worldwide change, and afterward continue to the more troublesome issue of clarifying them.

Different contextual analyses delineate the different ways human activities can add to global environmental change and give solid foundation to the more hypothetical conversation that follows. We have recognized explicit exploration needs all through that conversation.

1
Gases and
Photosynthesis
0)
The diagram shows the gases that enter and leave a plant during photosynthesis. Which
gases do arrows 1 and 2 represent?
*
(Photosynthesis)
(1 Point)
Arrow 1 represents nitrogen and arrow 2 is oxygen
Arrow 1 represents oxygen and arrow 2 is nitrogen
Arrow 1 represents oxygen and arrow 2 is carbon dioxide
Arrow 1 represents carbon dioxide and arrow 2 is oxygen

Answers

Answer: Arrow 1 is carbon dioxide, and arrow 2 is oxygen

Explanation: I got it right in a test.

Photosynthesis is the process of preparing food in the presence of sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. The process is carried out by the plants and certain bacteria and algae.

The correct answer is:

Option D. Arrow 1 represents carbon dioxide and arrow 2 is oxygen

The mechanism of photosynthesis can be explained as:

Photosynthesis is the process in which light energy is converted into chemical energy. The plants use up carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight to yield products.

During photosynthesis, the plants yield oxygen as a by-product and produce a sugar molecule to be used as energy.

Thus, the plants use carbon dioxide and give out oxygen during photosynthesis.

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Which organism is most likely 10cm in size

Answers

Answer:

A lizard is approximately 10 centimeters in size, so the answer is "lizard".

What is the second step in the classification of living things

Answers

Answer:

The classification of living things includes 7 levels: kingdom, phylum, classes, order, families, genus, and species

The backbone of the cell to which all organelles are attached, also functions in cell division is ______?
a.Cytoskeleton
b.Cell Wall
c.Nucleus
d.Ribosome

Answers

a) cytoskeleton as it's responsible for formation of spindle filaments during cell division

The answer is a (cytoskeleton)

Why did polio vaccine make people paralysed?

Answers

Answer:

When it multiplies in the nervous system, the virus can destroy nerve cells (motor neurons) which activate skeletal muscles. These nerve cells cannot regenerate, and the affected muscles lose their function due to a lack of nervous enervation.

Explanation:

During the period of time labeled Z in the graph, there is a drastic change in biodiversity. Which of following best describes the ecosystem at the rnd of time period Z?

Answers

Answer:

D: The ecosystem has a low biodiversity, so there is less competition over available resources among the species

Explanation:

which of the following would be a hypothesis for a scientific investigation about how food shopping decisions affect food security

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Answer:

Isn't there any photo or some options at least? Actually, it says which of the following-that's why I asked

Explanation:

If you add something as a reference then I will be able to answer and help you :)

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