Specifically how did Mary Mallon spread typhoid bacteria (Salmonella typhi) to the families she cooked for, as cooking food kills bacteria

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: Mary Mallon was able to spread the typhoid bacteria to the families she cooked for even as cooking kills bacteria because she was a healthy carrier of salmonella typhi who prepared certain foods for these families, that doesn't require cooking, without vigorously scrubbing her hands.

Explanation:

The genus salmonella consists of a group of bacilli which can affect man leading to the following conditions:

--> Enteric Fever

--> Gastroenteritis

--> Septicaemia and

--> Carrier state or condition.

Salmonella typi causes the enteric fever called TYPHOID FEVER. A healthy individual can be infected with the bacteria through injection of faecal contaminated food ( faeco- oral route). On reaching the gut,the organism attach themselves to the intestinal villi penetrating the lamina propria and submucosa. Their major factor of virulence is the inability to be killed after being phagocytosed by polymorphs and macrophages. They enter the blood stream through the thoracic duct causing transient bacteriaemia. During this period, the bacilli are then seeded into the liver, kidney and gall bladder where further multiplication occurs. The massive discharge of these bacilli from gall bladder leads to onset of the clinical disease.

These bacilli tends to persist in the kidney and gall bladder( as it's a good culture media for the organism). These are seen in individuals who become carriers following inapparent infection and they are called HEALTHY CARRIERS. They shed the bacilli intermittently from their faeces and urine

Mary Mallon, an Irish cook, was a healthy carrier of salmonella typhi who constantly shed the bacteria in her faeces and urine. Although the bacilli is destroyed when subjected to high temperature ( when cooking), the families she cooked for still came down with the illness. This was so because, since the bacteria can be transmitted through faeco- oral route, she wasn't educated enough to vigorously scrub her hands before handling foods that doesn't require cooking,for example vegetable salads.


Related Questions

What are 3 beneficial functions of coastal wetlands?

Answers

Answer:

Hope it helps

Explanation:

Wetlands provide many societal benefits: food and habitat for fish and wildlife, including threatened and endangered species; water quality improvement; flood storage; shoreline erosion control; economically beneficial natural products for human use; and opportunities for recreation, education, and research

How many groups of protists are there

Answers

Answer:

3 groups.

Explanation:

Each of these three groups have multicellular species and the green and red algae have many single-celled species. The land plants are not considered protists.

Answer:

3 groups

Explanation:

List 3 ways that microwaves are beneficial to society

Answers

To Microwave ovens heat foods quickly and efficiently, making them a common if not extremely common object you’ll encounter in a kitchen.

Which of the following statements is not a similarity between a habitat and an ecosystem?

Answers

Answer:

The habitat is the physical area where a species lives.Many factors are used to describe a habitat...A habitat is the actual place of the ecosystem,whereas the ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic factors in habitat

how will you test for starch ( carbohydrates) in food item​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Starch, a carbohydrate , can be identified by a positive iodine test. A few drops of iodine solution are added to a raw or boiled sample of the substance suspected of containing starch. If starch is present, the substance will turn blue-black in the area where the iodine solution touches it.

How does a flash flood compare to flooding?

Answers

Answer:

Flood: An overflow of water onto normally dry land. ... Ponding of water at or near the point where the rain fell. Flooding is a longer term event than flash flooding: it may last days or weeks. Flash flood: A flood caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a short period of time, generally less than 6 hours.

Explanation:

Answer:

They both cause floods and fill up some places and they are both sometimes caused by rains or broken dams for a pretty long time. Flood is caused by rain and bad weather while flash flood is the result of water overflowing from a contained location like a lake, river or reservoirs. Flood is a term that can be used to describe any type of water overflow while flash floods are specific to broken dams, overflowing lakes and clogged rivers. The word flood both stands for their meaning.

How does working alone versus working in a group relate to growth and development, a characteristic of living things

Answers

I don’t get it what do you mean

What would you expect to increase after a forest fire?

A.Erosion
B.Weathering

Answers

Answer:

B. Weathering

Explanation:

Fire makes trees weather and die.

How Deep is the Deepest Hole in the World?

Answers

Answer:

40,230ft

Explanation:

This is the Kola Superdeep Borehole, the deepest manmade hole on Earth and deepest artificial point on Earth. The 40,230ft-deep (12.2km) construction is so deep that locals swear you can hear the screams of souls tortured in hell

Answer:

11,034 meters

Explanation:

This is the Mariana Trench and is the deepest part of the ocean, and deepest location on earth.

3. Earthquakes are most likely to occur near?

O Fault

O Ocean

O Mountain

O Tsunami

Answers

Answer:

Earthquakes are most likely to occur near oceans because of the ocean plates sliding against one another

Explanation:

BRAINLIEST PLEASE


Why is water necessary for living organisms

Answers

Explanation: They need water to survive, without water it doesn't have energy. Like humans.

All cellular processes take place in a water medium. All the reactions that take place within our body and within the cells occur between substances that are dissolved in water. Substances are also transported from one part of the body to the other in a dissolved form. Hence, livin organisms need to maintain the required level of water within their bodies in order to stay alive.Terrestrial life - forms require fresh water for this because their bodies cannot tolerate or get rid of the high amounts of dissolved salts in saline water.

These are all the reasons for which water is necessary for all living organisms dwelling on the earth.

Hope you could get an idea from here.

Doubt clarification - use comment section.

A mutation always causes a change in a protein or a trait.

true or false ??

Answers

false, a mutation can be the exact same
The answer is false

biologists knew that South America and Africa contained similar fossils. These fossils led them to believe that a temporary land bridge between South America and Africa allowed ancient species move between both continents. In the twentieth century, evidence showed that South America and Africa were once part of the same larger continent and that there were no land bridges between them How should ologists respond to the new geological finding? 0 Biologists should reject the geological finding, because it is new. Biologists should ask physicists what to do, because physics is a more exact science Biologists should reject the belief in ancient species, because there were no land bridges. Biologists should update the history of life, because it should include the new geological finding Next 3:12 PM 2/10/2021 2 ^ Previous o B Type here to search​

Answers

Answer:

D. Biologists should update the history of life, because it should include the new geological finding.

Explanation:

It's definitely correct

You are looking at the color of feathers in ducks and find that Green feathers (G) are dominant to yellow feathers (g). However, a second gene, H, controls whether the color will be expressed in the feathers. If the duck is hh, the duck will always be white, because the pigment does not go into feathers. What ratio of phenotypes in the progeny would you expect following a dihybrid cross

Answers

Answer:

Option C , 9:3:4

Explanation:

The options for the questions are there in the attachment

Solution-

This is the case of recessive epistasis in which recessive allele has a masking effect on  alleles G and g.

GgHh * GgHh

The offspring will be

GH Gh gH gh

GH GGHH GGHh GgHH GgHh

Gh GGHh GGhh GgHh Gghh

gH GgHH GgHh ggHH ggHh

gh GgHh Gghh ggHh gghh

Green colored - 9

Yellow colored - 3

White colored- 4

Which of these landforms is created due to deposition?

Cirque
Fjord
Horn
Sandbars

Answers

Answer:

The landforms created from deposition is Cirque

Answer:

i think it cirque only


Which of the following flows through ecosystems in one direction?
A.water
B.energy
C.carbon
D.nitrogen

Answers

Answer:

B energy

Explanation:

because I just know D.

The energy flows through ecosystems in one direction. so the correct option is B. Firstly the energy flows from the sun to autotrophs, or producers. Then it further flows from producers to consumers. Energy never flows backward from consumers to producers.

What is ecosystem?

An ecosystem is refers to as a geographic area in which plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscapes, work closely to form a bubble of life.

On average only about 10% of energy stored as biomass in a trophic level and is passed from one level to the next. This is called as the 10 percent rule and it limits the number of trophic levels an ecosystem can support.

For more information regarding ecosystem, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/842527

#SPJ2


Help

Explain how cellular respiration and photosynthesis make a system together.

Answers

Answer:

cellular respiration in photosynthesis are biological processes in which matter and energy flow through the biosphere. These two processes are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living organisms and the environment. Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by the plant and oxygen is a byproduct. Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by-products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the process.

Which photon has the greatest amount of energy?

Answers

Answer:

Gamma rays, a form of nuclear and cosmic EM radiation, can have the highest frequencies and, hence, the highest photon energies in the EM spectrum.

Explanation:

DNA < | > Which model best represents strand 2? Below is a model of strand 1 of a DNA double helix. Remember, all models have limitations.

Answers

Answer:

Correct answer is A since it is the only one that is oppositely faced and the shape of the boxes is same.

The chemical that moves from the axon of one neuron across a gap to the dendrite of
another is a n):
Schwann Cell
Vitamin A
Node of Ranvier
Neurotransmitter

Answers

Answer:

Schwann Cell

Explanation:

The RNA that is translated into a polypeptide is ______ RNA

Answers

Answer:

The RNA that is translated into a polypeptide is messenger RNA

Explanation:

Brainliest please! :)

The RNA that is translated into a polypeptide would be the messenger RNA.

For translation to occur, genetic information on DNA is first transcribed to messenger RNA in the nucleus in a process known as transcription. The pre-mRNA then undergo some modifications before being transported to the cytoplasm where it gets translated into protein.

The mRNA binds to the ribosome and another RNA, the transfer RNA, binds with its anticodons. The genetic codes on the mRNA are read in 3s and the respective amino acids corresponding to the anticodons on the tRNA are released. The amino acids are then linked together by peptide bonds.

More on translation can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/7415934

suppose you had 4.0 moles of solute dissolved into 2.0 liters of solution. what is the molarity

Answers

Answer:

M

=

2.0

m

o

l

L

1

Explanation:

The molarity,

M

of this solution can be calculated by a formula which is;

M

=

n

V

where;

M

= Molarity of solution

n

=Number of moles of solute

V

= Volume of solution in Litre

Given,

n

=

4.0

moles and

V

=

2.0

L, so we have enough information to calculate the molarity of the solution;

M

=

n

V

M

=

4.0

2.0

m

o

l

L

1

M

=

2.0

m

o

l

L

1

or

M

=

2.0

m

o

l

d

m

3

if the questions mention volume of solution in

d

m

3

because

L

=

d

m

3

Hello, I would really appreciate it if you guys could help me answer this, please answer one of the boxes in your own words, I'm in a rush because it will be due tonight.

Answers

Answer:

The definition of kinetic energy (also called energy of movement) is a form of energy that an object has which involves motion, and it's a property of a moving object and depends not only on motion but also on mass.

The definition of thermal energy (also heat energy) would be: the energy that's inside of a system that has sole control over its temp.

Hope this helps! Have a great day!

what do we call any change in the genetic code ?

a. Mutation

b. replication

c. transcription

d. translation

Answers

Answer:

mutation

Explanation:

hope this helps!

a. Mutation.



Hope this helps ya :)


pls help with this question pls help ur my only hope

Answers

visible light ❤️ your welcome

infrared radiation , answer choice number 3

How would global warming influence the intensity of hurricanes?
A)
Global warming traps the storm causing hurricanes to intensify.
B)
Global warming increases temperature of sea water causing hurricanes to intensify.
C)
Global warming evaporates gas from the sea causing hurricanes to intensify.
D)
Global warming activates solar energy absorption causing hurricanes to intensify.

Answers

Answer:

i would say a or b

Explanation:

sowwy i took a class on this but it was a while ago

Answer:

B

Explanation:

I took the test.


Which cell organelle supports the cell and is made of cellulose? (This structure is made out of a non-living material and found only in plant cells)?A-cell membrane
B-cell wall C-ribosome
D-nucleus

Answers

Cell wall I’m pretty sure

On Saturday mornings, farmers from across the county set up stalls on town squares to sell produce they have grown and picked
themselves. This is an example of which of the following?
fair trade
futures
outsourcing
direct marketing

Answers

I think either fair trade or direct marketing, although I would go with direct marketing!

The oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from molecules of water
True or False

Answers

Answer: False

Photolysis takes place in the light dependent reaction of the photosynthesis. The reaction can be represented as:  H 2 O + 2 photons --> 2 e  −   + 2H  +   + O.  Here, the electrons released are accepted by the photosystem to fulfill the electron gap. The last electron acceptor is the oxygen and thus, the oxygen is liberated from the water molecule. The experiments conducted by Samuel Ruben and Martin Kamen by using radioactive isotopes helped to prove that the oxygen liberated during photosynthesis came from photolysis the water.

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is the process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of sugars. In a process driven by light energy, glucose molecules (or other sugars) are constructed from water and carbon dioxide, and oxygen is released as a byproduct.Carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis. Plants which synthesise their food themselves are called saprotrophs.


Help me please I don’t know what to do!!!!

Answers

Answer:

If im not mistaken it is not made by elements

Explanation:

It’s made of elements see the graph below its elements
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