Yes, the above statement is true. Some studies have found that about two-thirds of all individuals have shoplifted at some point in their life.
Shoplifting is the theft of merchandise from an open retail establishment. Typically, the offender leaves the store without paying after concealing a store item on their body, in their pockets, under their clothing, or in a bag. Shoplifters may put on clothing and exit the store wearing it after stealing other items.
According to research, shoplifters are frequently seen as disorganized, unreliable, unfriendly, and antisocial. Being young and male contributes to the image as well. The idea is that a person's disposition may make them more likely than other people to shoplift.
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Please help asap!
This is a falsification statement, and explain in TWO sentences ONLY why the statement is false.
Chambliss' study on the "Saints and the Roughnecks" illustrates that those who are lower class are more deviant.
Answer:
This statement is false. Chambliss' study actually demonstrates that social class has a significant impact on how deviant behavior is perceived and treated by those in authority, rather than suggesting that lower class individuals are inherently more deviant than those in higher social classes.
some historians believe that the idea that romantic love should precede marriage group of answer choices results in transactional marriages. is not a recipe for long-term marital satisfaction. has a long history in western culture. is relatively recent, emerging only in the past five hundred years or so.
Some historians believe that the idea that romantic love should precede marriage is d. relatively recent, emerging only in the past five hundred years or so.
Some anthropologists and historians think that the notion that passionate love comes before marriage is a comparatively new phenomenon that has only been around for a few centuries. For practical reasons like social prestige, financial gain, or political allegiances, families and communities planned weddings in many ancient cultures.
Romantic love was not always a consideration when choosing a spouse, and weddings were frequently seen as agreements or contracts between families or people rather than the outcome of intense infatuation. As courtly love customs that praised chivalry, loyalty, and romantic emotion developed in Western Europe during the Middle Ages, the idea that romantic love is a prerequisite for marriage started to take shape.
Complete Question:
Some historians believe that the idea that romantic love should precede marriage
a. results in transactional marriages.
b. is not a recipe for long-term marital satisfaction.
c. has a long history in western culture.
d. is relatively recent, emerging only in the past five hundred years or so.
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which of the following is true of measurement? the process of measurement begins with scale measurement followed by construct development. it is the process of developing methods to systematically characterize or quantify information about persons, events, ideas, or objects of interest.
The development of methods to systematically characterize or quantify information about people, events, ideas, or interesting objects is known as measurement. The following is true of measurement.
Measurement. - the process of coming up with strategies to consistently describe or quantify information about people, events, concepts, or interesting things.
The way variables are defined and categorized is through scales of measurement. The four most widely used scales were created by psychologist Stanley Stevens: ostensible, ordinal, span, and proportion. The properties of each scale of measurement determine how the data should be analyzed.
The systematic collection, recording, and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data regarding product and service marketing-related issues are known as marketing research. The objective is to determine and evaluate the effects of changing marketing mix components on customer behavior.
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assuming that women using tentative speech more frequently in communication is a negative quality, rather than inferring that tentative speech reflects better interpersonal communication is an example of .
The given statement is an example of a bias or stereotype. It is a negative attitude or belief about women's communication style without considering the context or purpose of communication.
This bias assumes that assertive communication is always better than tentative communication, which is not always true. Tentative speech can be a strategic choice to show politeness, humility, or uncertainty in certain situations.
It can also enhance the listener's engagement and collaboration in conversation. Therefore, it is important to avoid judging or stereotyping people's communication style based on their gender or cultural background and to appreciate the diversity and complexity of communication practices.
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which behavior is an early sign of an abusive personality? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.
"The behaviors that are an early sign of an abusive personality are - Verbal abusive, Jealous, controlling, Enforces rigid sex roles, Hypersensitive, easily insulted, Isolates partner from family and friends, and Makes others responsible for their feelings."
An individual with an abusive personality is likely to have the abusive personality disorder. The term describes a type of an emotional abuse th-at comes from a person with a narcissistic personality dis-order (NPD). People with NPD have low emp-athy & see others as beneath th-em, which can lead to harm-ful, toxic, & abusive behaviors. Narc-issistic abuse can be incred-ibly difficult to en-dure.
Complete Question-
Which behavior is an early sign of an abusive personality?
-Verbal abusive
-Jealous, controlling
-Enforces rigid sex roles
-Hypersensitive, easily insulted
-Isolates partner from family and friends, and
-Makes others responsible for their feelings.
select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.
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according to amnesty international, mexico is the only country in the americas that continues to regularly execute prisoners. group of answer choices true false
According to amnesty international, mexico is the only country in the americas that continues to regularly execute prisoners. false
Mexico abolished the death penalty for all crimes in 2005, making it illegal to execute prisoners. Therefore, it cannot be the only country in the Americas that regularly executes prisoners. However, Amnesty International has reported that some states in Mexico have used methods such as torture to extract confessions from suspects, leading to false convictions and lengthy prison sentences, which Amnesty International considers a violation of human rights.
Additionally, violence in Mexico has led to high levels of extrajudicial executions by security forces, drug cartels, and other armed groups, highlighting ongoing human rights concerns in the country.
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disadvantages on how scientific management impacted the working environment
Scientific management, also known as Taylorism, was a management approach that aimed to increase efficiency and productivity in the workplace. However, the implementation of scientific management had some disadvantages that impacted the working environment.
Here are some examples:
1. Monotonous work: Scientific management emphasized repetitive tasks and assembly-line production. This led to a monotonous working environment that could lead to boredom and reduced job satisfaction for workers.
2. Poor working conditions: The focus on efficiency and productivity often meant that worker safety and working conditions were overlooked. Workers may have been exposed to hazardous materials or worked in dangerous conditions.
3. Dehumanization of workers: The scientific management approach treated workers as mere cogs in the machine, rather than individuals with unique skills and abilities. This led to the dehumanization of workers and a lack of recognition for their contributions.
4. Resistance to change: Some workers were resistant to the changes brought about by scientific management, particularly if they perceived the changes as threatening to their jobs or traditional working practices. This resistance could lead to labor unrest and strikes.
Overall, while scientific management had some benefits in terms of increasing efficiency and productivity, it also had some negative impacts on the working environment, particularly in terms of worker satisfaction, safety, and recognition.
when attending a school in an area of concentrated disadvantaged, why might dropping out and getting a ged (compared to finishing high school) seem like a reasonable option?
Dropping out of high school and obtaining a GED may not always be the best option for long-term career success and earning potential. Completing high school provides a foundation of knowledge and skills that are essential for many types of jobs, and can also open doors to further education and training opportunities.
Dropping out of high school and getting a GED may seem like a reasonable option for students attending schools in areas of concentrated disadvantage for several reasons:
Economic necessity: Students from disadvantaged areas may need to work to support themselves and their families. Dropping out and getting a GED can allow them to enter the workforce earlier and earn a living wage.Lack of academic support: Schools in disadvantaged areas may have limited resources and high teacher turnover, making it difficult for students to receive the academic support they need to succeed in high school. For some students, dropping out and getting a GED may be a way to bypass these obstacles and obtain a credential that is valued in the job market.Social pressure: In some cases, dropping out of high school may be seen as a more socially acceptable option in communities where few people have completed high school or attended college. Students may feel pressure to conform to these norms rather than pursuing a traditional high school diploma.To know more about GED
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gilbert, who is currently involved in an exclusive relationship, believes very strongly in the basic principle of exchange theory. gilbert is likely to call off the relationship if:
Gilbert and his principles.Gilbert is currently involved in an exclusive relationship and believes in the basic principle of exchange theory. The exchange theory refers to the concept of give and take or reciprocation in social interactions.
Gilbert is likely to call off the relationship if his needs or expectations are not met or if he feels that the cost of being in the relationship exceeds its benefits. Gilbert's belief in the principle of exchange theory means that he views relationships as a sort of social contract, whereby partners agree to meet each other's needs and expectations. The principle of reciprocity dictates that partners in a relationship must give and take in equal measure to maintain a healthy and stable relationship. When one partner fails to meet the other's expectations or needs, the relationship may become unbalanced, and the partner may decide to end the relationship. As a result, Gilbert may call off his relationship if he feels that his partner is not reciprocating or meeting his expectations. If he feels that the relationship is becoming more costly than beneficial, he may also decide to end it.
In summary, it is essential to note that relationships are complex, and other factors, such as communication, trust, and commitment, can affect the success or failure of a relationship.
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you hear a suspicious noise as you are walking to your car late at night. your heart begins to pound. according to james-lange theory, you are afraid because
As you make your way to your car in the middle of the night, you hear a strange noise. Your heart starts to race. According to the James-Lange theory, your heart starts to beat faster when you are terrified. Option c is Correct.
According to the James-Lange theory, you ran because your heart was racing and you were terrified. Your subjective noise of fearfulness was a result of feedback from your physiological arousal and the muscles employed in your activity. According to the James-Lange theory, stimuli cause a bodily response.
The matching emotion is subsequently assigned to the bodily response. Your heart rate will elevate, for instance, if you encounter a snake. According to the James-Lange theory, our awareness of our fear is caused by an increase in heart rate. Option c is Correct.
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Correct Question:
You hear a suspicious noise as you are walking to your car late at night. Your heart begins to pound. According to James-LAnge theory, you are afraid because
A. it is late at night
B. you hear a suspicious noise
C. your heart begins to pound.
Which statement about language development is true?
a) There are a limited number of possible languages.
b) Human speech must be learned through a speech community.
c) Some languages are easier to learn for biological reasons.
d) Humans can acquire the capacity for language at any age.
a stressor would be appraised as a if someone anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence; however, if someone believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth, it would be appraised as a . group of answer choices threat; challenge challenge; threat stimulus; response response; stimulus
Based of primary appraisal a stressor would likely be appraised as a challenge if one believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth.
Anticipatory coping techniques can be used as soon as a potential stressor is acknowledged as unavoidable. The goal of anticipatory coping is to prepare for the stressful effects of an impending incident that is likely to occur. Prior to moving forward, it is imperative to ascertain whether the stressor is dangerous.
The term "secondary appraisal" describes how an individual assesses the tools or coping mechanisms at his or her hands for dealing with any envisioned threats. Prior to moving forward, it is imperative to ascertain whether the stressor is dangerous. The term "secondary appraisal" describes how an individual assesses the tools or coping mechanisms at his or her hands for dealing with any envisioned threats.
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The correct question is :
A stressor would likely be appraised as a threat if one anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence; conversely, a stressor would likely be appraised as a challenge if one believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth.
harris (1996) administered the bem sex role inventory, a scale that is widely used to measure gender identity, to african and european american males and females and found that:
American males and females were given the Bem Sex Role Inventory by Harris (1996) to assess their gender identity.
A popular scale for identifying features that are androgynous, feminine, and masculine is the Bem Sex Role Inventory. According to Harris, there are notable disparities in the gender role orientation of African American and European American people.
African American males preferred more masculine qualities than European American men, while African American women preferred more androgynous traits than European American women. These findings imply that cultural variables like racial identification and societal expectations may have an impact on gender role orientation
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which of the following concepts or phenomena was first and most directly connected to state development? a. increased calls for sovereignty b. growing national identity c. extensions of citizenship to multiple ethnic groups d. growing ethnic identity
Option D is correct, Growing ethnic identity phenomena was first and most directly connected to state development.
Ethnic identity development encompasses how a person categorizes themselves within an ethnic group and develops a psychological commitment to it. It is said that one's overall self-concept and identification include their ethnic identity. It is different from how ethnic group identities are formed. The associations a person has with their ethnic group can be either favorable or bad over time and might vary. Although race and ethnic identity are related, it's crucial to remember that race isn't necessarily the defining characteristic, especially for people who are biracial or multiracial. Individual identification includes an essential element called ethnic identity. But it also has broader societal repercussions.
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what are most likely caused by virtually any confounding event that occurs at the same time as an experimental manipulation?
Confounding events can be any external factors that occur simultaneously with an experimental manipulation, making it difficult to attribute the observed effects solely to the manipulation.
These events can arise from various sources such as environmental factors, individual differences, measurement errors, and many others. The presence of confounding events in an experiment can lead to inaccurate or biased results, making it challenging to draw meaningful conclusions.
One of the most common confounding events is environmental factors, which can significantly affect the outcomes of an experiment. For instance, if an experiment involves testing the efficacy of a new drug, the results can be influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, or lighting. Any variation in these factors can lead to differences in the results, making it challenging to establish the causal relationship between the drug and the observed effects.
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beck sees his mother mixing ingredients for a cake. later, beck takes a bowl and spoon out of the cabinet and pretends to mix some imaginary ingredients. this would be a good example of which theory of gender development?
Beck sees his mother mixing ingredients for a cake. Later, Beck takes a bowl and spoon out of the cabinet and pretends to mix some imaginary ingredients. This would be a good example of social learning theory.
According to the social learning theory, people acquire social behavior by watching and copying the actions of others. As an alternative to the earlier work of fellow psychologist B.F. Skinner, renowned for his influence on behaviorism, and Albert Bandura created the social learning theory open_in_new.
Bandura, Albert For learning to occur, Bandura, who developed the idea of social learning theory, suggests five crucial steps: observation, focus, retention, reproduction, and motivation.
In particular, children's behavior is examined by Bandura's Social Learning Theory. New instructional strategies can be revealed thanks to the significance of social learning theory. This can be done by observing how kids imitate behavior, making an identification, and putting this learning-by-doing approach into practice.
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which is an example of an ethnic boundary marker? question 76 options: a) plumbers see themselves as distinct from electricians. b) all people belong to the human race. c) some athletes play soccer, others run track. d) baseball and apple pie are associated with the united states.
An ethnic boundary marker is a distinguishing feature that is used to separate one ethnic group from another. Baseball and apple pie are associated with the United States is an example of an ethnic boundary marker. Here option D is the correct answer.
Ethnic boundary markers can include language, religion, food, dress, music, and other cultural practices. They are often used to reinforce a group's sense of identity and to distinguish them from other groups.
In the case of the United States, baseball and apple pie have become symbolic of American culture, and are often used to reinforce a sense of national identity.
Option A) "Plumbers see themselves as distinct from electricians" is an example of a professional boundary marker, not an ethnic boundary marker. Option B) "All people belong to the human race" is a universal statement, not a boundary marker. Option C) "Some athletes play soccer, others run track" is a differentiation based on individual preferences, not a boundary marker.
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repeated failure with attributions to stable and uncontrollable causes that results in an expectation of future failure is called .
Repeated failure with attributions to stable and uncontrollable causes that results in an expectation of future failure is called learned helplessness.
Learned helplessness is a condition that occurs after a person has repeatedly experienced stressful situations. They begin to believe they can't control or change the situation, so they don't try - even though they have the ability to change. According to the American Psychological Association, learned helplessness occurs when a person is repeatedly confronted with stressful and uncontrollable situations and then loses control when they can. They have "learned" that they are powerless in this situation and have stopped trying to change it, even though change was possible.
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researchers agree that: question 4 options: one cannot say whether it is bad or good to be low or high on affect intensity. it is better to be low on affect intensity. it is better to be high on affect intensity. it is better to be high on affect intensity most of the time.
Researchers agree that it is impossible to say whether it is bad or good to be low or high on affect intensity therefore the correct option is A.
As it depends on the individual's preferences and needs. Generally, those with higher affect intensity tend to experience their emotions more intensely, making them more sensitive and prone to extreme reactions.
Those with lower affect intensity, in contrast, are less responsive to emotional stimuli and often struggle with understanding their own emotions. Therefore, it is likely best to strive for a balance between being generally high on affect intensity while being mindful of when a lower intensity could be beneficial.
Hence the correct option is A.
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every culture constructs expectations for three categories of relationship that people will have, and that determine the content of our experience as human beings. what are these three key relationships?
The three key relationships that culture constructs expectations for are: relationships between people and nature, relationships between people, and relationships between people and the supernatural.
The relationships between people and nature are influenced by the culture's worldview about nature. In some cultures, people view nature as something to be controlled or conquered, while in other cultures, people view nature as something to be respected and lived in harmony with.
Relationships between people are influenced by cultural expectations around gender roles, family structures, and social hierarchies. These expectations may be formalized in laws or religious practices, or they may be more informal and implicit.
Relationships between people and the supernatural are influenced by cultural beliefs around the afterlife, spiritual practices, and the role of supernatural forces in daily life. These beliefs may be influenced by religion, mythology, or other cultural practices.
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an individual may be unaware that he or she possesses which type of power because another person desires to be associated with or identifies with him or her?
An individual may be unaware that he or she possesses, the type power because another person desires to be associated with or identifies with him or her is referent power
Referent power is a kind of social power that a person acquires based on their personality, behaviour, or charisma. It is the ability of an individual to influence others by being admired or respected, being associated with a desirable group, or having charisma. Referent power can be explained with the help of an example. Consider the situation where a student tries to impress his or her classmates by wearing fashionable clothes or buying the latest gadgets.
As a result, they may become popular and influential among their classmates. Other students may try to emulate the student's behaviour, thereby giving the student more power to influence their peers. This is an example of referent power as the student's ability to influence others is based on his or her personality, behaviour, or charisma. So, an individual may be unaware that he or she possesses, the referent power because another person desires to be associated with or identifies with him or her.
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the cerebellum's role in motor behavior is primarily involved with: group of answer choices all of the answers are correct maintaining movement accuracy and initiating movements timing movements and maintaining movement accuracy. initiating movements and timing movements
The cerebellum's role in motor behavior is primarily involved with maintaining movement accuracy and initiating movements timing therefore the correct option is B.
The cerebellum is a region of the brain that's involved in motor behaviour . It plays a crucial part in the collaboration, delicacy, and timing of movements. It also helps to regulate and maintain balance, posture, and equilibrium. The cerebellum receives input from the sensitive system and other areas of the brain,
similar as the cortex and the rudimentary ganglia, and uses this information to coordinate and cover movement. It makes corrections and adaptations to the timing and force of movements to insure delicacy and smoothness.
By controlling movement, the cerebellum facilitates accurate and effective motor behaviour.
Hence the correct option is B.
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the most family-focused organizational cultures are often found in multiple choice question. asia. europe. south america. north america.
The most family-focused organizational cultures are often found in Asia.
Family culture is a set of common understanding and behaviors developed throughout family life. Company's family culture: This defines collective action that makes organizational members feel like family (Obiekwe 2017).
Clan culture, autocratic culture, market culture, and hierarchical culture are the four types of cultures we have identified. The Organizational Culture Assessment (OCAI) can be used to quickly analyze your company culture and create an environment that supports your team's success. The cultural organization that values the family culture exists all over Asia.
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which of the following statements is true of cocaine? group of answer choices it is sometimes prescribed in moderation as an antidepressant. it is a central nervous system depressant. it is available in only one form. it is an anesthetic and a stimulant.
The statement "it is an anaesthetic and a stimulant" is true of cocaine.
Cocaine fits the description "it is an anaesthetic and a stimulant." Cocaine is a potent stimulant that works by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine, a neurotransmitter linked to joy and incentive, in the central nervous system. Dopamine levels rise as a consequence, causing feelings of exhilaration, more energy, and mental clarity.
Cocaine is a local anaesthetic, which means that when administered, it can briefly numb a part of the body. It comes in many different forms, such as powder, crack, and freebase, but it is not recommended as an antidepressant. Despite the possibility of therapeutic advantages, cocaine abuse can result in addiction, health issues, and even mortality.
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increased upper airway resistance and decreased airflow into the lungs in neonates (0 to 4 weeks of age) can result from:
Increased upper airway resistance and decreased airflow into the lungs in neonates (0 to 4 weeks of age) can result from nasal congestion.
Respiration and olfaction are the two primary uses of the nasal airway. Before air enters the lower respiratory system, the nose and sinuses prepare it by humidifying, warming, filtering, and trapping nearly all foreign particles. Any change to this clearance system could cause serious issues, especially in newborns who must exclusively breathe through their noses till they're at least two months old.
Nasal congestion and the inability to blow one's nose to clear nasal secretions can have major effects, including feeding issues, respiratory discomfort, disturbed sleep cycles, and a greater risk of obstructive apnea.
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which statement best describes jackson's ideological position? multiple choice question. jackson and his democratic party embraced a constant and unchanging ideological position. jackson embraced a simple, and exclusive, theory of democracy.
The best statement that describes Jackson's ideological position is that: he embraced a simple and exclusive theory of democracy. The correct option is B and C.
Jackson is known for his philosophy of democracy which he called the 'herd' or the common man. He believed that the government should be of the people and for the people. He fought against the establishment and the aristocracy who he believed was controlling the government and making it work for their own benefit.
Jackson's democracy was based on the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity. He believed that every man, regardless of his status, was entitled to the same rights and privileges. He advocated for a more inclusive society where every man could participate in the decision-making process.
Jackson's democracy was also characterized by his firm stand on the issue of slavery. He was opposed to slavery and believed that it was wrong to hold other human beings in bondage. He fought against the slave trade and worked to abolish slavery in America. Jackson was also known for his aggressive foreign policy.
He believed that America was a powerful nation and that it was her duty to extend her influence beyond her borders. He believed in the idea of manifest destiny and worked to expand America's territory through force if necessary.In conclusion, Jackson's ideology was based on the principles of democracy, liberty, and equality.
He believed that every man was entitled to the same rights and privileges and worked to create a more inclusive society. He also advocated for the abolition of slavery and worked to expand America's territory through force if necessary.
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Complete question:
which statement best describes Jackson's ideological position?
a. Jackson and his democratic party embraced a constant and unchanging ideological position.
b. Jackson embraced a simple, and exclusive,
c. theory of democracy.
which of the following is true about primary aggression? group of answer choices aggressive behavior does not necessarily result in violent interactions. it results from frustration with minor, daily life experiences. it will not result in the bodily harm of others. it is goal-directed, hostile self-assertion that is destructive in nature.
Option d: It is goal-directed, hostile self-assertion that is destructive in nature is true about primary aggression.
The person who makes the first contact is considered the main attacker. Although it can be channeled into creative and useful channels for some, aggression is overt or covert social contact with the purpose of causing injury or other harm to another person. It can happen either in response to or without cause.
Aggression in people can be sparked by a variety of things, from feeling insulted to anger over unmet goals. Human hostility can be divided into two categories: direct aggression and indirect aggression. While the former is characterised by behaviour intended to damage another person, the latter is characterised by behaviour intended to harm an individual's or group's social relationships.
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which practice reduces the credibility of research? group of answer choices focusing on transparency and disclosure providing all relevant facts, even if they do not fit into convenient conclusions entering into the process with preexisting assumptions discussing data relationships with colleagues
Entering into the research process with preexisting assumptions can reduce the credibility of research.
Research should be conducted with an open mind and a willingness to follow the data wherever it leads. When researchers have preexisting assumptions or biases, they may be more likely to interpret the data in a way that supports their assumptions, rather than objectively considering all of the evidence. This can lead to biased results and undermine the credibility of the research. Focusing on transparency and disclosure, providing all relevant facts even if they do not fit into convenient conclusions, and discussing data relationships with colleagues are all practices that can enhance the credibility of research. These practices promote transparency, accountability, and the open exchange of ideas and information, which are essential for rigorous and reliable research.
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what tends to distinguish people who are diagnosed with psychopathy who do get into trouble with the law from those who do not? a. genetic factors b. comorbid conditions c. intelligence quotient d. parental involvement
C. Intelligence quotient tends to distinguish people who are diagnosed with psychopathy who do get into trouble with the law from those who do not.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is an overall score derived from a battery of standardized tests or sub-tests designed to assess human intelligence. The abbreviation "IQ" was coined for the German term Intelligent quotient by the psychologist William Stern, who in a 1912 book advocated the method of scoring intelligence tests at the University of Breslau. Historically, IQ was obtained by dividing a person's mental age score by their chronological age (expressed in years and months), obtained through intelligence tests. The resulting score (quotient) is multiplied by 100 to obtain an IQ score.
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9. given the political risks involved in voting against a latina supreme court nominee, a republican senator from which state most likely thought twice before voting against sonia sotomayor in 2009?
The Republican senator from Texas most likely thought twice before voting against Sonia Sotomayor in 2009 due to the political risks involved in voting against a Latina Supreme Court nominee.
What were the political risks involved in voting against a Latina Supreme Court nominee?The political risks involved in voting against a Latina Supreme Court nominee are that it could lead to a loss of support from Latino voters, who make up a significant voting bloc in several states. Furthermore, it may be seen as a racially motivated vote, which could harm the senator's image and future political prospects.
As a result, the Republican senator from Texas, who was aware of these political risks, probably thought twice before voting against Sonia Sotomayor in 2009.
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