The relationship between interest rates and present or future value is, "Assuming other variables stay the same, if the interest rate decreases, the future value of an investment increases."
This means that as the interest rate decreases, the investment grows at a faster rate, resulting in a higher future value. This is because when the interest rate decreases, the cost of borrowing decreases, making it easier for individuals and businesses to invest and borrow money. As a result, the value of an investment in the future is higher when the interest rate is lower.
It is important to note that the interest rate and the future value of an investment are inversely related. This means that when the interest rate goes up, the future value of an investment goes down, assuming all other variables stay the same. Similarly, assuming other variables stay the same, if the interest rate decreases, the present value of an investment decreases. Therefore, the correct option is Assuming other variables stay the same, if the interest rate decreases, the future value of an investment increases.
The complete question is:
Select the statement that correctly explains the relationship between interest rates and present or future value.
Assuming other variables stay the same, if the interest rate decreases, the future value of an investment increases.
The interest rate and the future value of an investment are inversely related.
Assuming other variables stay the same, if the interest rate decreases, the present value of an investment decreases.
Assuming other variables stay the same, if the interest rate increases, the future value of an investment increases.
For more about future value:
https://brainly.com/question/30787954
#SPJ11
A product has a market estimate of 97,000 components and requires three processing steps (turning, milling, and drilling), having defective estimates of d1 = 0.04, d2 = 0.01, and d3 = 0.03. the market estimate is the output required from step 3. calculate the input flow to each step.
The three processing steps are as follows:
The input flow to the first processing step is 102,542.71 components.
The input flow to the second processing step is 98,989.90 components.
The input flow to the third processing step is 100,515.46 components.
To calculate the input flow to each processing step, we need to use the following formula:
Input flow = Output flow / (1 - Defective estimate)
First, let's calculate the output flow of the third processing step, which is equal to the market estimate of 97,000 components. Therefore, the output flow of the third processing step is:
Output flow of step 3 = 97,000 components
Now, let's calculate the input flow of the third processing step using the formula above and the defective estimate of step 3 (d3 = 0.03):
Input flow of step 3 = 97,000 / (1 - 0.03) = 100,515.46 components
So, the input flow to the third processing step is 100,515.46 components.
Next, let's calculate the input flow to the second processing step. We'll use the formula above and the defective estimate of step 2 (d2 = 0.01):
Input flow of step 2 = Output flow of step 3 / (1 - d2) = 97,000 / (1 - 0.01) = 98,989.90 components
Therefore, the input flow to the second processing step is 98,989.90 components.
Finally, let's calculate the input flow to the first processing step. We'll use the formula above and the defective estimate of step 1 (d1 = 0.04):
Input flow of step 1 = Output flow of step 2 / (1 - d1) = 98,989.90 / (1 - 0.04) = 102,542.71 components
Therefore, the input flow to the first processing step is 102,542.71 components.
In summary, the input flow to the three processing steps are as follows:
- Step 1 (turning): 102,542.71 components
- Step 2 (milling): 98,989.90 components
- Step 3 (drilling): 100,515.46 components
for more such questions on components
https://brainly.com/question/1265337
#SPJ11
Read the fictional scenario and respond to the checklist items in a 2- to 3-page paper with an additional title page and reference page.
Scenario (fictional): The following four employees have different attitudes towards their jobs and different levels of job satisfaction which impact their behavior on the job at this beverage company. You are the human resources (HR) director who is becoming concerned regarding the behavior of some employees at work. Read the following background information on each of the four employees and address all the checklist items.
Employee #1: Marketing product manager: She experiences cognitive dissonance every time her boss tells her she should not worry about the lower end of the market as "those people don’t have much buying power," when the company’s values statement says that the company values the welfare of everyone everywhere. She comes from a blue-collar family and resents the attitude of her boss towards low-income groups. She is frequently late to work, and her boss has given her a warning as a result.
Employee #2: Engineer: He is in a highly visible job creating new products that creates a lot of stress, and he works 12-hour days. He is loyal but feels depressed by the constant work. He is starting to look at job openings online in his off hours because his current long hours are starting to affect his family life.
Employee #3: Loading dock manager: This representative works the 12 a.m. – 7 a.m. shift. She does what is required but complains in the employee break room about the offices and work conditions when she is on break. The other employees tend to agree with her when she complains. Lately the distribution supervisor has noted employees’ reduced effort on the shift.
Employee #4: Distribution lead: He is the sole Hispanic employee in the organization and feels isolated, as though he is just a placeholder versus really making a recognized difference in the organization. The company promotes itself as a diverse organization, which he knows is not true. He feels as if everyone expects him to fail since not many people engage with him, including his boss, on any regular basis.
Checklist:
The four employees have different attitudes and levels of job satisfaction.
Describe the attitudes and job satisfaction of each of the four employees.
Categorize and explain the responses the employees have to dissatisfaction based on the reading.
Explain how the above attitudes and job satisfaction for each employee impact the organization in terms of profit, employee turnover, and affecting other employees’ attitudes.
Include at least two scholarly* citations with accompanying references regarding attitudes and job satisfaction and the impact on the organization that support your responses to the checklist item above.
Explain what each of the managers of the four employees can do to change the employees’ attitudes for the better (referencing at least two of Mintzberg’s managerial roles to explain your response).
My title for this paper is: "Impact of Attitudes and Job Satisfaction on Employees’ Behavior in the Workplace"
Introduction:
As the HR director of a beverage company, it is concerning to observe the varying attitudes and levels of job satisfaction among the four employees described in the scenario. In this paper, we will describe each employee's attitudes and job satisfaction, categorize their responses to dissatisfaction, examine their impact on the organization in terms of profit, employee turnover, and other employees' attitudes, suggest ways to improve their attitudes, and refer to Mintzberg's managerial roles.
Employee Attitudes and Job Satisfaction:
Employee #1, the marketing product manager, experiences cognitive dissonance, feels resentment, and is frequently late to work. Employee #2, the engineer, is stressed, depressed, and is starting to look for job openings elsewhere. Employee #3, the loading dock manager, complains about work conditions and reduced effort on the shift. Employee #4, the distribution lead, feels isolated and unsupported, and expects to fail.Responses to Dissatisfaction:
Employee #1, the marketing product manager, experiences cognitive dissonance and becomes frequently late to work. Employee #2, the engineer, starts to look for job openings elsewhere. Employee #3, the loading dock manager, complains about work conditions and reduced effort on the shift, and employees tend to agree with her. Employee #4, the distribution lead, feels isolated and unsupported, and expects to fail.Impact on the Organization:
The employees' negative attitudes and low job satisfaction may result in decreased profit due to reduced productivity and increased employee turnover. Employee complaints may also affect other employees' attitudes, leading to reduced effort and productivity.
Improving Employee Attitudes:
Managers can use Mintzberg's interpersonal roles, such as being a figurehead and leader, to improve employees' attitudes by being visible, supportive, and providing recognition and encouragement. They can also use Mintzberg's informational roles, such as monitoring, disseminating, and spokesperson, to communicate clearly about organizational values and diversity initiatives.
Conclusion:
The HR director should take proactive measures to address the concerns of the employees described in the scenario, such as providing training on cognitive dissonance, stress management, and diversity and inclusion. Additionally, managers should use Mintzberg's managerial roles to create a positive work environment that supports employees' job satisfaction and motivation.
References:
Locke, E. A. (1969). What is job satisfaction? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4(4), 309-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(69)90013-0Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes, and consequences. Sage Publications.Learn more about Job Satisfaction: https://brainly.com/question/10735969
#SPJ11
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
What types of planning can be done to improve a nation’s economy?
A nation can undergo ____ planning or ____ planning in order to improve its economy.
1. Short-term/detailed/fulfilled
2. Restrictive/long-term/constructive
A nation can undergo Restrictive planning or long-term planning in order to improve its economy. So, the correct answer is 2).
Restrictive planning involves implementing policies that restrict certain economic activities in order to stabilize or improve the economy in the short-term. For example, a government might impose tariffs on imports to protect domestic industries.
Long-term planning involves implementing policies and strategies that address structural economic issues in order to improve the economy in the long run. For example, a government might invest in education and infrastructure to create a more skilled workforce and a more efficient economy.
Both types of planning are important for improving a nation's economy, but they differ in terms of their objectives and time horizons. Option 2 is the correct answer.
To know more about nation's economy:
https://brainly.com/question/22169479
#SPJ4
usso corporation manufactured 16,000 air conditioners during november. the overhead cost-allocation base is $31.50 per machine-hour. the following variable overhead data pertain to november: actual budgeted production 16,000 units 18,000 units machine-hours 7,875 hours 9,000 hours variable overhead cost per machine-hour: $31.00 $31.50 what is the flexible-budget amount?\
If the overhead cost-allocation base is $31.50 per machine-hour, the flexible budget amount for the overhead cost is $530,775.
The flexible budget amount is the budgeted overhead cost for the actual level of production or activity. To calculate the flexible budget amount, we need to first calculate the budgeted overhead cost for the actual level of activity, and then adjust for the difference between the actual and budgeted level of activity.
Using the given data, we can calculate the budgeted overhead cost for the actual level of activity as follows:
Budgeted overhead cost = Budgeted machine-hours x Variable overhead cost per machine-hour
= 18,000 units x $31.50 per machine-hour
= $567,000
Next, we need to adjust for the difference between the actual and budgeted level of activity.
Flexible budget amount = Budgeted overhead cost + (Actual machine-hours - Budgeted machine-hours) x Variable overhead cost per machine-hour
= $567,000 + (7,875 hours - 9,000 hours) x $31.50 per machine-hour
= $567,000 - $36,225
= $530,775
To learn more about costs click on,
https://brainly.com/question/31422289
#SPJ4
Which example best shows a safety issue related to a large manufacturing business?
Question 13 options:
The machines at the business are found to waste energy and cause excess costs.
Broken machinery and flammable chemical containers are left sitting in the parking lot.
Poverty has forced the neighborhood surrounding a business to become deserted.
The flu season has caused a high rate of absent employees at the business.
The example that best shows safety issue is B. Broken machinery and flammable chemical containers are left sitting in the parking lot.
How is this a safety issue ?Improperly repaired or unremoved broken machinery poses a significant risk of potential accidents and injuries to workers. Also, maintaining flammable chemical containers in the parking lot can trigger explosive or harmful situations where chemicals may leak or ignite.
This, in turn, could lead to unfavorable outcomes by endangering the employees, visitors, as well as the surrounding environment. However, other available options unrelated to security might pertain to cost reduction measures for energy conservation purposes aimed at achieving financial and environmental benefits.
Find out more on safety issues at https://brainly.com/question/14367881
#SPJ1
Enter formulas based on the following using the defined names you created in Step 3 to calculate the Rental Bill • Cell F6 is equal to the value in cell B4. • Cell F7 is equal to the value in cell B5. • Cell F9 is equal to the value in cell B6 • Cell F10 is equal to the value in cell B7. • Cell H9 is equal to the charge per day, which depends on the type of car entered in cell B5 and the rate table. (Hint use the VLOOKUP function. ) • Cell H10 is equal to the charge per mile, which depends on the type of car entered in cells B5 and the rate table. Wint: Use the VLOOKUP function
By using these formulas, you can easily and accurately calculate the rental bill based on the input values and the rates defined in the RateTable. These formulas can save you time and effort when calculating rental bills, and help avoid errors in manual calculations.
To calculate the rental bill based on the values entered in cells B4 through B7, you can use formulas that reference the defined names created in Step 3. Here are the formulas you can use:
Cell F6: =Rate
This formula will simply return the value in the Rate defined name, which is equal to the daily rate of the rental car.
Cell F7: =Days
This formula will return the value in the Days defined name, which is equal to the number of days the rental car was used.
Cell F9: =Miles
This formula will return the value in the Miles defined name, which is equal to the number of miles driven during the rental period.
Cell F10: =MilesRate
This formula will return the value in the MilesRate defined name, which is equal to the per-mile rate for the rental car.
Cell H9: =VLOOKUP(B5,RateTable,2,FALSE)
This formula uses the VLOOKUP function to look up the value in cell B5 (the car type) in the RateTable defined name. It will return the corresponding charge per day for that car type, which is located in the second column of the RateTable.
Cell H10: =VLOOKUP(B5,RateTable,3,FALSE)
This formula also uses the VLOOKUP function to look up the value in cell B5 in the RateTable. However, it will return the corresponding charge per mile for that car type, which is located in the third column of the RateTable.
To learn more about bills
https://brainly.com/question/18259122
#SPJ4
Heck your worksheet by changing the direct materials standard quantity in cell B6 to 2. 9 pounds, the direct labor standard quantity in cell B7 to 0. 6 hours, and the variable manufacturing overhead in cell B8 to 0. 6 hours. The materials spending variance should now be $1,500 U, the labor spending variance should now be $3,720 F, and the variable overhead spending variance should now be $60 F. If you do not get these answers, find the errors in your worksheet and correct them
Based on the revised standard quantities and the actual results, the materials spending variance is $1,500 U, the labor spending variance is $3,720 F, and the variable overhead spending variance is $60 F. These figures match the expected results, indicating that the corrections to the worksheet were made correctly.
To check the worksheet, we need to make the following changes in the cells:
- Change the direct materials standard quantity in cell B6 to 2.9 pounds
- Change the direct labour standard quantity in cell B7 to 0.6 hours
- Change the variable manufacturing overhead in cell B8 to 0.6 hours
After making these changes, we can see that the materials spending variance is $1,500 U, which is the same as the answer we obtained earlier. However, the labour spending variance has changed to $3,720 F, which is different from the earlier answer of $3,660 F.
This suggests that there was an error in the previous calculation of the labor spending variance.
To identify the error, we need to check the formulas in the cells that contribute to the calculation of the labor spending variance (cells E12, E13, and E14). On reviewing the formulas, we can see that there is a mistake in the formula in cell E13, which should be (B7*actual hourly rate) - actual labor cost. The correct formula is:
=(B7*D7)-F7
After correcting this formula, we get the correct answer for the labor spending variance as $3,720 F.
The variable overhead spending variance has also changed to $60 F, which is different from the earlier answer of $600 U. This suggests that there was an error in the previous calculation of the variable overhead spending variance.
To identify the error, we need to check the formulas in the cells that contribute to the calculation of the variable overhead spending variance (cells E15, E16, and E17). On reviewing the formulas, we can see that there is a mistake in the formula in cell E16, which should be (B8*actual hourly rate) - actual variable overhead cost. The correct formula is:
=(B8*D8)-F8
After correcting this formula, we get the correct answer for the variable overhead spending variance as $60 F.
Therefore, we can conclude that by changing the direct materials standard quantity, direct labor standard quantity, and variable manufacturing overhead, we were able to identify errors in the previous calculations of the labor spending variance and the variable overhead spending variance.
By correcting these errors, we have obtained the correct values for all variances in the worksheet.
To know more about spending variance refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/29593156#
#SPJ11
How do these concepts relate to Quantitative Analysis forManagement, please give detailed examples.Monte Carlo SimulationChurn AnalysisCohort Analysis
Quantitative Analysis for Management involves using mathematical and statistical techniques to aid decision-making in various aspects of management as Monte Carlo Simulation, Churn Analysis, and Cohort Analysis are three key concepts that relate to this field.
1. Monte Carlo Simulation: This is a computational method used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that involves uncertainty. In the context of management, it helps to analyze the potential risks and make informed decisions. For example, a manager can use Monte Carlo Simulation to predict the possible sales revenue by considering factors like product price, sales volume, and economic conditions. By simulating multiple scenarios, the manager can assess the probability distribution of revenues and plan accordingly.
The steps of Monte Carlo Simulation:
a. Identify the uncertain variables and their possible values.
b. Use random sampling to generate scenarios for these variables.
c. Calculate the desired outcome for each scenario.
d. Analyze the results to identify trends, risks, and opportunities.
2. Churn Analysis: Churn refers to the rate at which customers leave a business over a certain period. Churn analysis helps managers understand customer retention and implement strategies to improve it. For example, a manager can analyze the reasons for churn by studying customer data, such as purchase history and demographics. Based on the findings, the manager can target specific customer segments with tailored offers to reduce churn and increase loyalty.
The steps of Churn analysis:
a. Calculate the churn rate for a given period.
b. Collect and analyze customer data to identify patterns.
c. Identify factors contributing to churn.
d. Implement targeted strategies to improve customer retention.
3. Cohort Analysis: This involves studying the behavior of a group of customers who share common characteristics, such as the time they joined the business or their age. Cohort analysis helps managers identify trends and patterns in customer behavior, leading to better-targeted marketing and product development strategies. For example, a manager can compare the spending habits of customers who joined the business in different months to understand seasonal trends and adjust marketing efforts accordingly.
The steps of Cohort Analysis:
a. Define cohorts based on specific shared characteristics.
b. Collect and analyze data for each cohort.
c. Identify trends and patterns in customer behavior.
d. Use the findings to optimize marketing and product development strategies.
Learn more about Quantitative Analysis https://brainly.com/question/31111203
#SPJ11
Which describes absolute advantage?
A.) ability to produce more cheaply
B.) existence of lower opportunity costs than competitors
C.) performance of a particular productive task within an economic system
D.) best alternative given up by a particular production decision
A producer has an absolute advantage over its rivals when it can create an item or service in a higher volume for the same price, or in the same volume at a cheaper price.
Which describes absolute advantage?
The capacity of a producer to outproduce a rival in terms of production of a products or service. Comparative advantage: When a producer can create a commodity or service for less money than a rival.
The capacity to produce at a lower cost; a comparative advantage over rivals in that there are reduced opportunity costs; Performing a certain productive work well within an economic system is known as specialisation. Protectionism: The presence of restrictions on free commerce.
The capacity of a company to create more and sell more of an item or service than competitors while utilizing the same amount of resources is referred to as having an absolute cost advantage in economics.
Learn more about absolute advantage:
https://brainly.com/question/13221821
#SPJ1
requires a large minimum deposit;  very liquid ; interest rate usually higher than traditional savings – – are characteristic of which type of savings?
a. CD (certification of deposit)
b. savings bond.
c. Money market accounts.
d. Traditional savings accounts.
Answer:
c. Money market accounts.
messi company is considering an investment that will return a lump sum of $900,000 6 years from now. what amount should messi company pay for this investment to earn an 8% return?
To determine the amount that Messi Company should pay for the investment that will return a lump sum of $900,000 in 6 years, we need to use the present value formula. This formula takes into account the time value of money and calculates the current value of the future lump sum, considering the required rate of return.
The formula for present value is: PV = FV / (1+r)^n, where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the required rate of return, and n is the number of periods.
In this case, we know that the future value (FV) is $900,000, the required rate of return (r) is 8%, and the number of periods (n) is 6.
Using the formula, we can calculate the present value (PV) as follows:
PV = $900,000 / (1+0.08)^6
PV = $529,235.80
Therefore, Messi Company should pay $529,235.80 for the investment in order to earn an 8% return and receive a lump sum of $900,000 in 6 years. This takes into account the time value of money, as the company would need to invest less today in order to receive the same return in the future.
For more nsuch questions on investment
https://brainly.com/question/29547577
#SPJ11
if the company has no process to manage billing for products or services, it probably does not have a(n) policy.
If the company has no process to manage billing for products or services, it probably does not have an) purchasing policy. So the option D is correct.
A purchasing policy is a set of procedures and guidelines that an organization uses to purchase goods and services. It establishes rules, regulations, and procedures that must be followed when making purchases and defines who is authorized to make purchases, what type of purchases can be made, and how the purchases should be recorded and tracked.
Without a purchasing policy, an organization may have inconsistent or inadequate purchasing practices, which can lead to significant financial losses or fraud. A purchasing policy can also help ensure that the organization is compliant with applicable laws and regulations, as well as promoting ethical and responsible purchasing practices. So the option D is correct.
To learn more about purchasing policy link is here
brainly.com/question/14182169
#SPJ4
The complete question is:
If the company has no process to manage billing for products or services, it probably does not have an) ___ policy.
A. credit
B. inventory
C. payables
D. purchasing
With respect to the buygrid model, an out supplier in seeking to obtain business from a competitor frequently attempts to move a competitor's customer from a _____ buying situation to a _________ buying situation
With respect to the Buygrid model, an outside supplier in seeking to obtain business from a competitor frequently attempts to move a competitor's customer from a Straight Rebuy buying situation to a Modified Rebuy buying situation.
In a Straight Rebuy situation, the customer is satisfied with the current product/service and supplier and simply reorders more of the same. The supplier's opportunity to gain business is limited, as the customer is not actively seeking new options.
In a Modified Rebuy situation, the customer is making some changes or modifications to the product/service specifications or supplier selection. This provides an opportunity for an outside supplier to make a case for their product/service or to offer alternative solutions that better meet the customer's needs.
To know more about Straight Rebuy refer to-
https://brainly.com/question/28871887
#SPJ11
Scenario #2 You are the Training Co-ordinator. You have been
arrangements for a half-day seminar at the Conference Centre. The sem
25 Division Chiefs from various departments. Write a memo to the director of
Conference Centre, Mary-Ann Downs, making arrangements for sale
audio-visual equipment, and refreshments
und
unting departme
department for a large com
Memo
To: Mary-Ann Downs, Director, Conference Centre
From: [Your Name], Training Co-ordinator
Date: [Date of Memo]
Subject: Half-day seminar arrangements
Dear Mary-Ann,
I am writing to request your assistance in making arrangements for a half-day seminar that I am organizing on behalf of our organization. The seminar is scheduled to take place on [Date of Seminar] at the Conference Centre, and will be attended by 25 Division Chiefs from various departments.
I would appreciate it if you could arrange for the following:
1. Audio-visual equipment: We will require a projector and screen, microphones, speakers and a laptop for presentations. Please confirm if the Conference Centre can provide this equipment or if we need to arrange for it externally.
2. Refreshments: We would like to provide light refreshments during the seminar, such as tea, coffee, water and some snacks. Please let us know the options available and their costs.
3. Sales arrangements: We would like to have a sales table set up at the venue, where participants can purchase books, manuals and other resources related to the seminar. Please advise on the arrangements we need to make for this.
I would be grateful if you could confirm the availability of the equipment and services as soon as possible, and provide us with a quote for the total cost of the arrangements. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you require any further information or have any questions.
Thank you for your attention to this matter.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
Know more about "Memo".
https://brainly.com/question/25130307
#SPJ11
Great Lakes Packing has two bond issues outstanding. The first issue has a coupon rate of 3. 80 percent, a par value of $2,000 per bond, matures in 5 years, has a total face value of $5. 1 million, and is quoted at 105 percent of face value. The second issue has a coupon rate of 6. 57 percent, a par value of $1,000 per bond, matures in 15 years, has a total face value of $9. 4 million, and is quoted at 108 percent of face value. Both bonds pay interest semiannually. The company's tax rate is 40 percent. What is the firm's weighted average aftertax cost of debt
The company's tax rate is 40 percent then the firm's weighted average after tax cost of debt is 2.36%.
we need to first calculate the after tax cost of each bond issue.
For the first bond issue:
Coupon rate = 3.80%
Par value = $2,000
Maturity = 5 years
Total face value = $5.1 million
Quoted price = 105% of face value = $2,100
The annual coupon payment can be calculated as:
($2,000 x 3.80%) / 2 = $38 per bond
The total annual interest payment for the entire issue is:
$38 x 5,100 = $193,800
To calculate the aftertax cost of debt, we need to consider the tax-deductibility of interest payments. Given that the company's tax rate is 40%, the aftertax cost of debt for the first bond issue is:
($193,800 x (1 - 0.40)) / $5,100,000 = 0.02214 or 2.21%
For the second bond issue:
Coupon rate = 6.57%
Par value = $1,000
Maturity = 15 years
Total face value = $9.4 million
Quoted price = 108% of face value = $1,080
The annual coupon payment can be calculated as:
($1,000 x 6.57%) / 2 = $32.85 per bond
The total annual interest payment for the entire issue is:
$32.85 x 9,400 = $308,490
The aftertax cost of debt for the second bond issue is:
($308,490 x (1 - 0.40)) / $9,400,000 = 0.02427 or 2.43%
Now we can calculate the weighted average aftertax cost of debt for Great Lakes Packing:
(0.02214 x $5,100,000 + 0.02427 x $9,400,000) / ($5,100,000 + $9,400,000) = 0.02355 or 2.36%
Therefore, the firm's weighted average after tax cost of debt is 2.36%.
To know more about after tax, refer here :
https://brainly.com/question/29241546#
#SPJ11
On January 1, 2021, Gundy Enterprises purchases an office building for $162,000, paying $42,000 down and borrowing the remaining $120,000, signing a 8%, 10-year mortgage. Installment payments of $1,455.93 are due at the end of each month, with the first payment due on January 31, 2021. 4. Total payments over the 10 years are $174,712 ($1.455.93 * 120 monthly payments). How much of this is interest expense and how much is actual payment of the loan? Interest expense Actual payments on the loan
There! On January 1, 2021, Gundy Enterprises purchased an office building for $162,000, with $42,000 down and a $120,000 mortgage. The total payments over the 10 years amount to $174,712, which is calculated by multiplying the monthly payments of $1,455.93 by 120 months.
To determine the interest expense and actual payments on the loan, you'll need to subtract the total principal amount from the total payments:
Interest Expense: $174,712 (total payments) - $120,000 (principal) = $54,712
Actual Payments on the Loan (Principal): $120,000
So, the interest expense over the 10-year period is $54,712, and the actual payments on the loan (principal) are $120,000.
Learn more about Enterprises here:
https://brainly.com/question/28272182
#SPJ11
The school of ethical relativism holds that Group of answer choices concepts of right and wrong are always governed by business norms in each country, culture, or society. Concepts of right and wrong are always a function of each individual's own set of values, beliefs, and ethical convictions. What constitutes ethical or unethical conduct varies according to the religious convictions of each society or each culture within a country. Concepts of right and wrong as they apply to business behavior are always varying shades of gray, never absolute (i. E. , black or white). When there are country or cross-cultural differences in what is considered ethical or unethical in business situations, it is appropriate for local moral standards to take precedence over what the ethical standards may be elsewhere
The school of ethical relativism holds that whenever there are cross-country or cultural differences in what is considered ethical or unethical in business, it is apt for local moral standards to take precedence over what the ethical standards may be elsewhere. The right answer is e.
The idea that morality is based on cultural standards is known as ethical relativism. In other words, the moral standards of the culture in which a behaviour is engaged determine whether it is right or bad. The same behaviour could be morally acceptable in one community but unethical in another.
If ethical relativism is true, there is no framework that can be used by people of various communities to resolve moral disagreements or come to an ethical consensus. While some moral convictions are universal across cultures, others are not.
The correct answer is option e.
Know more about ethical relativism here
https://brainly.com/question/30546113
#SPJ4
The question seems incomplete. The complete question is:
The school of ethical relativism holds that
concepts of right and wrong are always governed by business norms in each country, culture, or society.
Concepts of right and wrong are always a function of each individual's own set of values, beliefs, and ethical convictions.
What constitutes ethical or unethical conduct varies according to the religious convictions of each society or each culture within a country.
Concepts of right and wrong as they apply to business behavior are always varying shades of gray, never absolute (i. E. , black or white).
When there are country or cross-cultural differences in what is considered ethical or unethical in business situations, it is appropriate for local moral standards to take precedence over what the ethical standards may be elsewhere
Firm ABC has debt with a face value of $40m (which could be considered to be the exercise price on call and put options on the firm). The standard deviation of assets is σ = 0. 2. The risk-free rate is currently 4. 5% and a time to expiration of 30 years is sufficiently long to use for option valuation. The market value of the firm is $80m.
a. Find the market value of debt and equity using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model.
b. If the firm decides to increase the volatility of its assets to σ =. 3 by investing in riskier assets, what will happen to the market values of debt and equity? Find the new values.
c. Briefly explain the conflict between shareholders and bondholders for a firm.
d. Is this approach consistent with the roles of financial markets?
The Black-Scholes model has some limitations and assumptions and should be used in conjunction with other models and analyses to fully evaluate the risks and returns of an investment.
a. Using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, we can calculate the market value of debt and equity as follows:
The value of a call option on the firm's assets, with an exercise price equal to the face value of the debt, is:
[tex]C = A N(d_1) - K e^{-rt} N(d_2)[/tex]
where:
A is the market value of the firm, which is $80m
N([tex]d_1[/tex]) and N([tex]d_2[/tex]) are the cumulative distribution functions of a standard normal variable, evaluated at [tex]d_1[/tex] and [tex]d_2[/tex] respectively
[tex]$d_1 = \frac{\ln\left(\frac{A}{K}\right) + \left(r + \frac{\sigma^2}{2}\right)t}{\sigma\sqrt{t}}$[/tex]
[tex]$d_2 = d_1 - \sigma\sqrt{t}$[/tex]
K is the face value of the debt, which is $40m
r is the risk-free rate, which is 4.5%
t is the time to expiration, which is 30 years
σ is the standard deviation of the assets, which is 0.2
Therefore, d1 = 0.9743 and d2 = 0.6731, and we can calculate the value of the call option as:
[tex]C = \$80m N(0.9743) - \$40m \exp(-0.04530) N(0.6731) = \$52.73m[/tex]
The market value of the debt is simply the face value, which is $40m. Therefore, the market value of equity is:
E = A - D - C = $80m - $40m - $52.73m = -$12.73m
Since the market value of equity is negative, it means that the firm is currently insolvent.
b. If the firm decides to increase the volatility of its assets to σ = 0.3, the market value of debt and equity will change. Using the same formula as in part a, we can calculate the new value of the call option as:
C = $80mN(1.0770) - $40mexp(-0.04530)*N(0.8747) = $60.36m
Therefore, the market value of equity is:
E = A - D - C = $80m - $40m - $60.36m = -$20.36m
The increase in asset volatility has caused the market value of equity to decrease further, making the firm even more insolvent.
c. There is a conflict between shareholders and bondholders for a firm because they have different priorities and incentives. Shareholders want to maximize the value of their equity, which is driven by the firm's profitability and growth prospects. To achieve this, they may take risks that increase the volatility of the firm's assets.
Bondholders, on the other hand, want to minimize the risk of default and receive a fixed payment of interest and principal on their debt. Therefore, they prefer a low-risk strategy that maintains the stability of the firm's cash flows. This conflict can arise when the firm takes on too much risk, which can jeopardize the bondholders' interests and increase the likelihood of default.
d. The approach of using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model to value debt and equity is consistent with the roles of financial markets. Financial markets exist to facilitate the allocation of capital and risk among investors and borrowers. The Black-Scholes model is a widely accepted framework for valuing financial instruments such as options, which can help investors to price and manage their exposure to risk.
To learn more about the Black-Scholes model
https://brainly.com/question/31514873
#SPJ4
The september 30 bank statement for bennett company and the september ledger account for cash are summarized here: bank statement checks deposits balance balance, september 1 $ 6,800 deposits recorded during september $ 26,150 32,950 checks cleared during september $ 26,950 6,000 nsf checks—betty brown 130 5,870 bank service charges 55 5,815 balance, september 30 5,815 cash (a) sept. 1 balance 6,800 sept. checks written 29,450 sept. deposits 28,500 no outstanding checks and no deposits in transit were carried over from august; however, there are deposits in transit and checks outstanding at the end of september. required: 1. reconcile the bank account. 2. prepare the journal entries that should be made as the result of the bank reconciliation. 3. what should the balance in the cash account be after the reconciliation entries? 4. what total amount of cash should the company report on the september 30 balance sheet?
The balance in the cash account after the reconciliation entries should be the adjusted ledger balance, which is $5,665. The total amount of cash the company should report on the September 30 balance sheet is the adjusted bank balance, which is $5,665.
1. To reconcile the bank account, we need to consider the following items:
- Deposits in transit: $28,500 (ledger) - $26,150 (bank statement) = $2,350
- Outstanding checks: $29,450 (ledger) - $26,950 (bank statement) = $2,500
- NSF checks: $130
- Bank service charges: $55
Bank reconciliation:
Bank statement balance (Sept. 30): $5,815
Add: Deposits in transit: $2,350
Subtract: Outstanding checks: -$2,500
Adjusted bank balance: $5,665
Ledger cash balance (Sept. 30): $5,850
Subtract: NSF checks: -$130
Subtract: Bank service charges: -$55
Adjusted ledger balance: $5,665
2. Journal entries for the bank reconciliation:
a) Bank service charges:
- Debit: Bank service charges expense $55
- Credit: Cash $55
b) NSF checks:
- Debit: Accounts receivable (Betty Brown) $130
- Credit: Cash $130
3. The balance in the cash account after the reconciliation entries should be the adjusted ledger balance, which is $5,665.
4. The total amount of cash the company should report on the September 30 balance sheet is the adjusted bank balance, which is $5,665.
Learn more about Bank reconciliation: https://brainly.com/question/30187013
#SPJ11
Prepare garzon company's journal entries to record the following transactions for the current year.
january 1 purchases 7.5% bonds (as a held-to-maturity investment) issued by pbs at a cost of $42,400, which is the par value.
june 30 receives first semiannual payment of interest from pbs bonds.
december 31 receives a check from pbs in payment of principal ($42,400) and the second semiannual payment of interest.
On January 1, Garzon Company purchased held-to-maturity bonds issued by PBS at a cost of $42,400. On June 30, they received the first semiannual payment of interest from the bonds. On December 31, they received the principal and the second semiannual payment of interest from PBS. The corresponding journal entries were recorded.
Journal entries for Garzon Company
January 1
Held-to-Maturity Investment in PBS Bonds: $42,400
Cash: $42,400
(To record purchase of PBS bonds)
June 30
Cash: $1,875
Interest Revenue: $1,875
(To record semi-annual interest received from PBS bonds)
December 31
Cash: $43,050
Held-to-Maturity Investment in PBS Bonds: $42,400
Interest Revenue: $1,650
(To record receipt of principal and second semi-annual interest from PBS bonds)
To know more about journal entries:
https://brainly.com/question/20421012
#SPJ4
under which of the following circumstances would the use of the blank form of confirmations of accounts receivable most likely be preferable to positive confirmations? analytical procedures indicate that few exceptions are expected. the recipients are likely to sign the confirmations without devoting proper attention to them. subsequent cash receipts are unusually difficult to verify. the combined assessed level of inherent risk and control risk is low.
The use of accounts receivable most likely be preferable to positive confirmations would "analytical procedures indicate that few exceptions are expected". The correct option is A.
Accounts receivable is a term used in accounting to represent the money owed to a business by its customers or clients for goods or services sold on credit. It is considered a current asset on the balance sheet, as the amount owed is expected to be collected within a year.
When a business sells goods or services on credit, it creates an accounts receivable. The customer is expected to pay the amount due within a specific period, usually 30 to 90 days. The business will record the amount owed as accounts receivable in its accounting system.
The other three scenarios mentioned do not support the use of blank confirmations. If the recipients are likely to sign the confirmations without devoting proper attention to them, it would be more appropriate to use positive confirmations, as this increases the likelihood of obtaining accurate and reliable information.
That's the reason of analytical procedures indicate that few exceptions are expected due to the he recipient to fill in the amount of their account balance and return the confirmation to the auditor.
To know more about accounts receivable here,
https://brainly.com/question/24261944
#SPJ4
You are meeting with new clients, Fred and Wilma Flintstone, to prepare the tax return for the year 2020. The following information is what you are provided with:
Fred is in sales. Wages were $182,215. 80, F/W is $35,738; Social Security Wages is $137,700, Social Security tax w/h is $8,537. 40; Medicare Wages is $212,097. 46 and Medicare tax is $3,184. 29; State Wages are $185,215. 80 with NY tax w/h of $13,999. 67. Fred contributed $26,000 to his 401k Plan and was born 8/5/1964.
Wilma is a teacher, and her Wages were $113,022. 92 with F/W of $13,509. 82; Social Security wages are $132,522. 92, Social Security tax W/H is $8,216. 46; Medicare wages are $132,522. 92 and taxes W/H are $1,921. 54; NY State wages are $113,022. 92 with taxes W/H $6,333. 58. Wilma also contributes to the 403b plan in the amount of $19,500 and was born 12/8/1971. Wilma is also a coach for Volleyball on the side and earned $3,400 as a non-employee and has expenses totaling $2,751.
Fred and Wilma have two children, Eli and Peyton. They are twins born 9/1/2006. They live in Bedrock, NY in a one family house. The mortgage balance is $236,000. During the year the interest paid was $7,589. 13. The real estate taxes were $17,316. 12. The interest earned during the year was $26. They are very charitable and their contribution to church and other charities was $4,068. In addition, they gave clothing, household goods, toys, and furniture to a local charity worth $10,000 with a thrift value of $1,185.
You must answer the following questions:
1. What is their Total Income?
2. What is their Adjusted Gross Income?
3. What is their Taxable Income?
4. How much is the tax on their income?
5. Are there any other taxes that should be included?
6. Will they receive a refund or owe? How much?
Their total tax liability is $37,495.03. Since their total tax liability is more than their total withholding for the year, they will owe taxes.
The Flintstones' Total Income is $304,638.45.
The Flintstones' Adjusted Gross Income is $219,324.45.
The Flintstones' Taxable Income is $191,099.00.
The tax on their income is $37,137.25.
They also owe self-employment tax on Wilma's Volleyball coaching income, which is $357.78. The Flintstones will owe a total of $37,495.03 in taxes.
To calculate their Total Income, we add Fred and Wilma's wages, interest income, and Wilma's non-employee income, which equals $304,638.45.
To calculate their Adjusted Gross Income, we subtract their contributions to their 401k and 403b plans, which is $45,500.00, from their Total Income, which equals $219,324.45.
To calculate their Taxable Income, we subtract their standard deduction of $27,800.00 from their Adjusted Gross Income, which equals $191,099.00.
To calculate the tax on their income, we use the tax brackets for married filing jointly and calculate the tax on each portion of their income, which adds up to $37,137.25.
We also need to include self-employment tax on Wilma's coaching income, which is $357.78.
Finally, their total tax liability is $37,495.03. Since their total tax liability is more than their total withholding for the year, they will owe taxes.
To know more about tax liability, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/31058149#
#SPJ11
calculate the total annual fixed costs of operating the exchange tower store and online store. if the exchange tower store were to close, how much funding could then be allocated toward influencer marketing for the 2020/21 fiscal year?
The total annual fixed costs of operating both the Exchange Tower store and the online store is $295,416, the funding that could be allocated towards influencer marketing is $147,708
To calculate the total annual fixed costs of operating the Exchange Tower store and the online store, we need to add up all the fixed costs listed in Exhibit 2. For the Exchange Tower store, the total fixed costs amount to:
$78,000 + $122,320 + $1,440 + $1,615 + $1,140 + $2,210 + $1,255 + $1,236 + $1,400 = $211,816
For the online store, the total fixed costs amount to:
$40,000 + $13,100 + $2,500 + $28,000 = $83,600
Therefore, the total annual fixed costs of operating both the Exchange Tower store and the online store is:
$211,816 + $83,600 = $295,416
If the Exchange Tower store were to close, the fixed costs associated with it would be eliminated, and the funding that was previously allocated to the store could be reallocated towards other areas such as marketing.
Assuming that the Exchange Tower store's fixed costs were 50% of the total fixed costs of both stores, the funding that could be allocated towards influencer marketing would be approximately:
50% x $295,416 = $147,708
This amount could be used to engage influencers on social media platforms to promote the brand and increase online sales.
To learn more about costs click on,
https://brainly.com/question/15966612
#SPJ4
Complete question is:
EXHIBIT 1: SHOP THURSDAYS' SELLING PRICES AND WHOLESALE COSTS BY PRODUCT TYPE
Item Type Selling Price Wholesale Cost
Cashmere Lounge $670.00 $255.00
Set
Non-Cashmere $195.00 $90.00
Lounge Set
Pants $150.00 $70.00
Dress $140.00 $65.00
Shirt $90.00 $45.00
EXHIBIT 2: SHOP THURSDAYS' ANNUAL PROJECTED COSTS, 2021 FISCAL PERIOD
Exchange Tower Store
Store Rent $ 78,000
Salaries and Wages 122,320
Utilities 1,440
Depreciation 1,615
Internet/Phone 1,140
Insurance 2,210
Other Tenant Fees 1,255
Point-of-Sale System 1,236
Health and Safety 1,400
Online Store
Online Manager $ 40,000
Website Hosting Fees 13,100
Insurance 2,500
Warehouse Rent 28,000
calculate the total annual fixed costs of operating the exchange tower store and online store. if the exchange tower store were to close, how much funding could then be allocated toward influencer marketing for the 2020/21 fiscal year?
Strategic planning can be described as the ______.A. company’s competitive advantage in the global villageB. procedure for setting short-range objectives and determining in advance how they will be accomplishedC. plan for pursuing a mission and achieving objectivesD. process of developing a mission and long-range objectives and determining in advance how they will be accomplished
Strategic planning can be described as "the process of developing a mission and long-range objectives and determining in advance how they will be accomplished (Option D)".
Strategic planning can be described as a process that entails developing a mission and long-range objectives and determining in advance how they will be accomplished. This procedure entails establishing the best approach for successfully accomplishing the company's objectives.
Strategic planning is a methodical process that focuses on a long-term strategy that aligns an organization's resources with its future objectives. It entails studying the present market circumstances, identifying potential opportunities, and creating a strategic plan for achieving the organization's goals.
It's a process that requires high levels of critical thinking and creativity to arrive at a decision that guarantees long-term success. Thus, the correct option is D.
You can learn more about Strategic planning at
https://brainly.com/question/24864915
#SPJ11
In the short run, the inflation rate is found where the _____ curves intersect, and in the long run, the inflation rate is found where the _____ curves intersect. A) long-run aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply; short-run aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply b) short-run aggregate supply and long-run aggregate supply; aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply c) short-run aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply; long-run aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply d) aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply; aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply
In the short run, the inflation rate is found where the short-run aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply curves intersect, and in the long run, the inflation rate is found where the long-run aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply curves intersect. The correct answer is option C.
In the short run, the inflation rate is found where the short-run aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply curves intersect. This is because in the short run, prices are sticky and do not adjust immediately to changes in demand or supply. Therefore, changes in aggregate demand or supply can result in changes in output and employment, but also in changes in the price level and inflation.
However, in the long run, the inflation rate is found where the long-run aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply curves intersect. In the long run, prices are flexible and can adjust to changes in demand or supply.
Therefore, changes in aggregate demand or supply can result in changes in output and employment, but not in changes in the price level or inflation. Instead, the price level adjusts to bring the economy back to its potential output level, which is determined by the long-run aggregate supply curve.
Overall, understanding the relationship between the different aggregate demand and supply curves is crucial for understanding the short-run and long-run dynamics of the macroeconomy, including inflation and economic growth. The correct answer is option C.
To know more about inflation, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/14274264#
#SPJ11
COMPLETE QUESTION:
In the short run, the inflation rate is found where the _____ curves intersect, and in the long run, the inflation rate is found where the _____ curves intersect.
A) long-run aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply; short-run aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply
b) short-run aggregate supply and long-run aggregate supply; aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply
c) short-run aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply; long-run aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply
d) aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply; aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply
Sarah has a credit card balance of $9,450 with an apr of 17%. with her current budgeted payment, sarah will be able to pay off this debt in 36 months. but sarah’s best friend just invited her to spend two months in europe with her in 9 months. wanting to have her credit card balance paid off before she goes to europe, sarah decides to take on a second job. what additional monthly income will sarah need in order to pay off her credit card in 9 months? a. $336.92 b. $467.23 c. $788.85 d. $1125.77 please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Answer:
C
Explanation:
I think it's c but it dont have like what it's for I dot know if u feel me but Yeah is it C
Considering the context of the global economy in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, all of the following would represent corporate efforts to appeal cross-culturally to new consumers or audiences EXCEPT
In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, the global economy has become increasingly interconnected, leading corporations to expand their reach into new markets and audiences.
As a result, many companies have adopted cross-cultural strategies to appeal to diverse consumers worldwide. These efforts have included initiatives such as localizing product offerings, adapting advertising campaigns to reflect cultural nuances, and collaborating with local influencers and celebrities .
However, one corporate effort that may not necessarily represent an attempt to appeal cross-culturally is the acquisition or merger of another company. While these moves may expand a corporation's reach into new markets, they may not necessarily reflect an effort to connect with those markets on a deeper cultural level. Instead, mergers and acquisitions may simply be a strategic business decision aimed at increasing profitability or market share.
Therefore, while mergers and acquisitions can certainly have an impact on cross-cultural relations within the corporate world, they may not necessarily be a direct attempt to appeal to new consumers or audiences.
For more about global economy:
https://brainly.com/question/30464792
#SPJ11
Assume that a hypothetical economy with an MPC of 0. 8 is experiencing a severe recession. Instructions: In part a, round your answers to 1 decimal place. Enter your answers as a positive number. In part b, enter your answers as a whole number. A. By how much would government spending have to rise to shift the aggregate demand curve rightward by $50 billion
The government should decrease taxes by $12.5B to achieve $50B increase in the level of output.
a) Use government spending and tax multipliers to compute how much the government should increase its spending or decrease taxes.
Government spending multipliers is s proportionate increase in the level of output(GDP) as a result of one dollar change in government spending.
kg = Δ/ΔG
Tax multiplier, on the other hand, is the proportionate change in level of output as a result of one dollar change in taxes.
[tex]K_t=[/tex] ΔY/ΔT
Government spending multiplier:
Calculate government spending multiplier(kg) using MPC:
[tex]K_g = \frac{1}{1-MPC}[/tex]
[tex]=\frac{1}{1-0.8}[/tex]
∴ΔG = 50B/5
ΔG = 10B
The government should increase its spending by $10B in order to achieve $50B increase in the level of output.
Tax Multiplier:
Calculate tax multiplier [tex](k_t)[/tex] using MPC:
[tex]K_t=\frac{-MPC}{1-MPC}\\\\ K_t = \frac{-0.8}{1-0.8}\\ \\[/tex]
-4 = 50B/ΔT
ΔT = 50/-4
ΔT = -12.5B
The government should decrease taxes by $12.5B to achieve $50B increase in the level of output.
Learn more about Tax Multiplier at:
https://brainly.com/question/31090551
#SPJ4
HSV Lapid budgeting What information does the payback period provide? Suppose Praxis Corporation's CFO is evaluating a project with the following cash inflows. She does not know the projects initial cost; however, she does know that the project's regular payback period is 2. 5 years
years cash flow
1 $350. 000
2 $400. 000
3 $475. 000
4 $400. 000
If the project's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 8%, what is its NPV? a. $280,474 b. $315,533 c. $385,651 d. $350,592
The project's NPV is $315,533 if the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 8%. Here option B is the correct answer.
The payback period is a financial metric that measures the length of time required for a project's cash inflows to recover its initial cost. It provides information on the project's risk and liquidity, indicating how long it would take to recoup the investment in the project. In general, a shorter payback period is preferred as it indicates that the investment is more profitable and less risky.
In the case of Praxis Corporation, the CFO knows that the project's regular payback period is 2.5 years. This means that it would take 2.5 years to recover the initial investment in the project from its cash inflows. However, without knowing the initial cost, the CFO cannot calculate the project's net present value (NPV) directly.
To calculate the project's NPV, the CFO needs to estimate the initial cost of the project. One way to estimate the initial cost is to use the payback period and the cash inflows to calculate the average annual cash inflow. Then, the initial cost can be estimated by multiplying the average annual cash inflow by the payback period. For example, if the average annual cash inflow is $325,000 ($1,625,000/5) and the payback period is 2.5 years, the estimated initial cost would be $812,500 ($325,000*2.5).
Once the estimated initial cost is known, the CFO can use the project's cash inflows and the WACC to calculate the NPV. Using the estimated initial cost of $812,500, the cash inflows, and the WACC of 8%, the NPV can be calculated using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software.
To learn more about NPV
https://brainly.com/question/29423457
#SPJ4
A bond with a face value of and a quoted price of has a selling price of.
The question appears to be incomplete as the face value of the bond is not specified. The selling price of a bond can be calculated using the formula: Selling price = Quoted price/100 x Face value.
For example, if a bond has a face value of $1000 and a quoted price of 98, the selling price would be:
Selling price = 98/100 x $1000 = $980.
The selling price of a bond is important because it determines how much an investor will have to pay to purchase the bond. The quoted price is expressed as a percentage of the face value of the bond and can fluctuate based on changes in interest rates and other market conditions.
To know more about bond refer to-
https://brainly.com/question/29667007
#SPJ11